USA > Indiana > Vigo County > History of Indiana from its exploration to 1922, Vol II > Part 42
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42
Although Charles Major made his home in Shel- byville, he belongs, geographically and socially, with the Indianapolis group. His father was a native of Ireland, an American lawyer and judge by profes- sion, educated in an English college. Charles Major was born in Indianapolis, May 25, 1856, educated there and at Shelbyville and at the University of Michigan law school. From 1877 till his death, Feb- ruary 13, 1913, he practiced law at Shelbyville.
His first was his most successful venture in novel
24 No biography of Mr. Tarkington has been written, nor aside from magazine reviews, has any extended criticism of his work been made. In The Hoosiers, 282, and in Representative Citizens of Indiana are brief biographies. Charity Dye, Some Torch Bearers of Indiana, has good brief characterizations of lead- ing Indiana literary men.
1133
PROSE
writing, When Knighthood Was in Flower (1898), an English story of the time of Henry the Eighth. The Bears of Blue River, 1900, is a compound of neigh- borhood tradition woven together with a simple love story. In Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall, the author returned to England. A Forest Hearth brings the reader back to pioneer Indiana. Most of his themes have been chosen outside of Indiana. As a novelist he has not dealt largely with Indiana char- acters and must take his place in the republic of let- ters as assigned by world critics.
Anna Nicholas, of Indianapolis, has contributed to strictly Indiana literature two small volumes, The Making of Thomas Barton (1913), and An Idyl of the Wabash (1898). The latter is a collection of ten short stories descriptive of Wabash valley scenes and folks about the time of the Civil war.
Judge Millard Cox, of Indianapolis, has used Morgan's Raid as the setting for a study of border conditions during Civil war times. The story, The Legionaries, appeared in 1899. Judge Cox does not draw as dark a picture of the Knights as does Miss Krout in Knights in Fustian. The story is almost historical, not only in its leading events, but in the illustrations of broken families and divided neigh- borhoods.
In the northern part of the state two widely dif- fering authors are finding Hoosiers themes for a large and growing body of readers. George Ade is a native and legal resident of Newton county. His father was a pioneer settler and the author of a his- tory of the county (1911). George Ade is a graduate of Purdue. Practically all of his score or so volumes of writings are commentaries on the social life around him, his neighborhood frequently extending to Chicago. As a coiner of words and phrases, of stinging criticism that leaves no sores, he is without
1134
HISTORY OF INDIANA
a rival. Such books as Breaking into Society, Fables in Slang, People You Know, and The Girl Proposi- tion are rivals of vaudeville.
Gene Stratton Porter made her home at Limber- lost Cabin, near Rome City. In The Song of the Car- dinal, Freckles, A Girl of the Limberlost, The Har- vester, and Laddie, she has preserved the story of the lake and swamp region of northeastern Indiana. Its teeming life of birds, bees, butterflies, flowers, rep- tiles, noble forests, and silvery lakes flitter and flut- ter, sing and dance and croon and moan through her pages in a wild debauch of color, sound and odor. Tucked in among the flowers and butterflies there is always a love story carried on more or less after the fashion of human beings and served up with a plen- teous supply of adolescent emotionalism.
These are only a few of the more important Indi- ana workers in the literary field. In My Youth (1914), a Quaker story of the middle of the century, located in the vicinity of Indianapolis; Grace Alex- ander's Judith, A Tale of the Candle-Lit Fifties; Eleanor Atkinson's Johnny Appleseed; Mary Blake's Heart's Haven; John Vestal Hadley's Seven Months a Prisoner; and Augustus Lynch Mason's True Stories of Our Pioneers have each contributed some- thing toward depicting Indiana life and ways, if they have not added much to the general field of literature.
In the field of history, William H. English has produced two volumes entitled The Conquest of the Country Northwest of the Ohio, which are the best on that important event. Richard G. Boone has written a History of Education in Indiana. Col. W. M. Cock- rum, of Oakland City, is the author of a Pioneer His- tory of Indiana, and The Underground Railroad. Both of these are excellent books, written almost en- tirely from documents in the author's possession. On the same subject as Colonel Cockrum's last vol-
1135
PROSE
ume is Levi Coffin's Reminiscences. The writer was the prince of conductors on the Underground road. Sanford Cox's Recollections of an Old Settler deals with the upper Wabash where he was an early set- tler. Jacob Piatt Dunn, while state librarian, wrote a small volume on territortial Indiana. It covers the same ground previously covered by Dillon. F. C. Holliday is the author of Indiana Methodism, a sub- ject later continued by Dr. W. W. Sweet of DePauw. W. F. Scott has written a history of the Baptist church in Indiana ; Hanford A. Edson has done a like service for the Presbyterians. Julia Henderson Levering has produced an interesting volume on the state's history, entitled Historic Indiana. George B. Lockwood has made a special study of New Har- mony in his The New Harmony Movement.
In the field of biography R. W. Thomson was a pioneer in his Personal Recollections of Sixteen Pres- idents; William D. Foulke has written a two-volume Life of Morton; Charles Moores and Jesse Weik have each written on the life of Lincoln; James A. Wood- burn has done a Life of Thaddeus Stevens; S. B. Harding wrote a Life of George B. Smith; Albert J. Beveridge has completed four volumes of a Life of John Marshall, and William W. Woollen has written a volume entitled Historical and Biographical Sketches of Early Indiana. Gen. John W. Foster, a native of Pike county and a diplomat of international reputation, has written a Century of Diplomacy (1900), American Diplomacy in the Orient (1903), and Diplomatic Memoirs (1909). Judge Daniel Waite Howe, besides several pamphlets in the State His- torical Society Publications, has written The Puritan Republic (1899), and the Political History of Seces- sion (1915). Albert J. Beveridge has lately joined this class with his four large volumes on John Mar- shall.
1136
HISTORY OF INDIANA
In the discussion of Indiana literature it has been troublesome in some instances to decide who were Indiana authors. The line has in most cases been drawn to include only those who have lived and writ- ten in the state. This narrow interpretation has ex- cluded from discussion the poet William Vaughn Moody (1869-1910), born at Spencer, who at the time of his death was second in rank to no living Ameri- can poet; also Theodore Dreiser (1871), born at Terre Haute and educated at the state university, who at the present time has a wide reputation both in this country and abroad as a realist. George Barr Mccutcheon, the novelist, and his brother, John T. Mccutcheon, the cartoonist, and many others of lit- erary note, were born in Indiana. The list is too long to complete.
ยง 209 POETRY
Poetry has always had an enchanting power over the Hoosiers. The early papers were filled with it, both imported and indigenous in origin. The old Western Sun carried a column headed "Poetic Asy- lum." No verse was so poor but what a publisher could be found. Each neighborhood had an ample stock of ballads and love songs which were sung on all social occasions with or without provocation. These were sentimental and pathetic. "Barbara Allen," "Sweet William," "Lily Dale," and "The Dying Nun" are typical. Likewise by far the greater part of the poetry of Indiana has this pathetic, senti- mental character. It is hardly necessary to state that in most instances the sentiment is overworked.
The early writers of the state found much encour- agement at Louisville where George D. Prentice kept the columns of the Louisville Journal open to them, and in Cincinnati where the Saturday Evening
1137
POETRY
Chronicle, the Mirror and the Western Literary Journal kept open house for the poets.
One of the earliest poets of the state to attract public notice was John Finley, a Virginian by birth (1797), and a citizen of Richmond by residence. He was editor of the Palladium and mayor of the city for fourteen years. Three years he served in the General Assembly, three years clerk of the state sen- ate and seven years clerk of the circuit court. His "Bachelor Hall," "The Hoosier's Nest" and "To Indiana" are still well known. "The Hoosier's Nest," a short poem in quadrimeter, rhyming coup- lets, is, doubtless, as well known now as any Indiana poetry except that of Riley. This has no value as poetry, but as a picture of a cabin home is worth preserving. He died in Richmond, 1866.
Contemporary with Finley, though younger, was Sarah T. Bolton (1820-1893). She was a native of Newport, Kentucky, and a resident, most of her ma- ture life, at Indianapolis. She was the poet laureate of the state during the forties and fifties. Her poetry inspired the pioneers of that day, by whom she was highly esteemed. "Paddle Your Own Canoe" served admirably during forty years for the third and fourth grade boys to recite as Friday evening decla- mations.
Louise Chitwood (1832-1855), of Connersville, wrote a number of poems of sufficient merit to induce Prentice to collect them after the author's death and publish them in a volume. The "Graves of the Flow- ers" will illustrate the mournful tenderness of her verses and doubtless will be as much as anyone now would care to read. Contemporaries in time and sim- ilar in style and sentiment expressed, were Julia Dumont and Amanda Dufour (1822-1899). Though no one now reads them they enjoyed considerable popularity during the decades immediately preced-
1138
HISTORY OF INDIANA
ing the Civil war. Sidney Dyer, pastor of the First Baptist church of Indianapolis in the fifties, was the author of two small volumes of poetry, Voices of Na- ture and Thoughts in Rhyme (1849) and An Olio of Love and Song, poems read before the Athenian So- ciety of Indiana university, July 31, 1855. John Dillon was also known at this time as a poet. Gran- ville M. Ballard (1833), a graduate of Asbury and a teacher in the Deaf and Dumb asylum of Indianapo- lis, was a frequent contributor of poetry to the Indi- anapolis papers just before the Civil war. His most ambitious effort was "The Village Politician."
Perhaps a hundred persons could be named who wrote verses in Indiana before the Civil war. Wil- liam T. Coggeshall in 1860 published a volume en- titled Poets and Poetry of the West, in which he in- cluded biographical notices and selections of poetry of thirty-four Indianians.25
In his three volumes of Specimens of American Poetry, published in 1829, Samuel Kettell found room for no Indiana poet. Seventeen years later Rufus Griswold published his Prose Writers of America. In this Indiana is without a representa- tive. In George B. Cheever's Poets and Poetry of America (1849), no one from Indiana is included. In the same year Griswold published his Gift Leaves of
25 The following is his list : Julia L. Dumont, John Finley, John B. Dillon, Noble Butler, William Ross Wallace, Laura M. Thurston, Geo. W. Cutler, Henry W. Ellsworth, Horace P. Biddle, Sarah T. Bolton, Sidney Dyer, Luella J. B. Case, Amanda Dufour, Peter Fishe Reed, Jonathan W. Gordon, Isaac H. Julian, Mary E. Nealy, John G. Dunn, Orpheus Everts, George Y. Welborn, Louise Esther Vickroy, James Pummill, Frances Locke, Sarah E. Wallace, Elijah Evan Edwards, Louise Chitwood, William Wallace Harney, Benjamin S. Parker, Granville M. Ballard, John J. Piatt, Cornella W. Laws, Samuel V. Morris, Willlam S. Peterson and Ella Cald- well. Some of these remained in Indlana only a part of their lives.
1139
POETRY
American Poetry, containing selections from sixty- nine American authors without a single selection from Indiana. In the sixteenth edition (1875) of Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, R. A. Stod- dard, the editor, has included two Indiana men, John J. Piatt and Forceyth Willson. In Duyckinck's Cyclopedia of American Literature (edition of 1881) Indiana is represented by five authors.26 W. H. Venable, in Beginnings of Literary Culture in the Ohio Valley (1891), mentioned Mrs. Dumont, John Finley, G. W. Cutler, Sarah T. Bolton, and. Forseyth Willson.
Edmund Clarence Stedman in his Poets of Amer- ica (1885), in his closing chapter, mentioned Maurice Thompson, John James Piatt and James Whitcomb Riley. These references are sufficient to show that Indiana, up to the close of the Nineteenth century, had attracted very little attention from literary crit- ics. On the other hand, Benjamin S. Parker and Enos B. Heiney, in Poets and Poetry of Indiana (1900), have listed no less than one hundred forty- two citizens of the state whom they charge with be- ing poets.
Of all these only one can be noticed here at any length. The poetic sentiment has always been char- acteristic with Indiana people. Some of the best known of our lawyers, physicians, preachers, farm- ers, editors and teachers are included in the list of verse-makers mentioned above. In the intervals of professional routine they have turned to poetry as others turn to golf or whist. Many of these occas- ional poems are beautiful, most are sincere and have been read by thousands with pleasure. Only a few of the people enjoy classical music; the great ma- jority of us prefer rag-time for everyday, home use.
26 These are Baynard R. Hall, Robert Dale Owen, John James Piatt, Edward Eggleston and George C. Eggleston.
1140
HISTORY OF INDIANA
A few read Milton for pleasure but the great ma- jority prefer to browse on the lower slopes. The one-hundred-forty wingless bards of Indiana may be heralds of the greater poet of western democracy whose songs shall heat our melting pot to the fusing point.
James Whitcomb Riley is Indiana's strongest candidate for literary immortality. He was born at Greenfield in 1849, the son of Reuben A. Riley, a lawyer and politician of state-wide fame. Both father and mother read and appreciated good litera- ture. The son enjoyed a desultory education some- what after the type of that of Irving. The circum- stances of Riley's early life were such that he learned first hand the customs and characteristics of the Hoosier folk. At his father's office he met and learned the language of the farmers. In his travels with an itinerant doctor, a vendor of patent medi- cines, he met the ubiquitous small boys that follow the showman; as a traveling sign painter he had further opportunities to study character.
Unlike Eggleston he was irresistibly attracted by the odd characters he met. These characters he took as illustrations of the Hoosier. Each was a bundle of sentiments, the embodiment of a poem. His attitude was invariably sympathetic just as the characters, themselves, had remained sweet through all their vicissitudes. Under his interpretation the rowdy, the bully, the sharp practice men all disappear; not that he never observed such acts but that such acts were neither the usual expression of any right- minded person nor were such persons typical Hoos- iers. In this he was historically correct.
Neither the well-to-do, prosperous man, nor the pampered, correct child had much interest for Riley. The person who battled single-handed with adver- sities, provided he fought fairly and never surrend-
1141
POETRY
ered, was his hero. Such were the individuals he sought out when he went to a new town and these are the persons for whom he wrote. Their mutual tastes were the final judges as to whether his work was good or not. The old farmer and his wife, who had buffeted the adversities of a half century and could look back from the glow of evening not only to their own childhood but to that of their children, when they came to hear the poet read, received his attention. If they responded with the farmer's laugh, if they slapped their knees, or if the tears trickled down their weather-beaten faces, he knew his shot was near the center. Once when he read about a hunchback, an old couple got up and left the room. On inquiry he learned that they had such a child. He never read the poem again publicly; so careful was he to avoid causing pain.
However, the prevailing sentiment of Riley's lit- erature was pathos. The grinding struggle for exis- tence often crushed out lives. Life itself to him was a sad struggle against adversities. Death is often a visitor among his characters, but it is not the "grim destroyer," the "remorseless tyrant" that breaks up homes and snatches victims unwillingly away. On the contrary, it is a ministering angel, come on a mer- ciful mission to bear away one for whom the strug- gle had been too hard, a welcome friend come on a friendly visit to summon for a pleasant journey.27
Riley understood and appreciated the inherited superstition which lingers in the backbone of every Hoosier. We know there are no spirits abroad at night in the graveyard, but we whistle as we go by; we know it makes no difference, but it is usually con-
27 For Illustration read "Eccentric Mr. Clark", "The Funny Little Fellow", "Tod", "Jamesy", and "Where Is Mary Smith?". Biographical Edition of Riley's Works.
1142
HISTORY OF INDIANA
venient to plant our potatoes in the dark of the moon; we know the will-o'-the-wisp is harmless, but nevertheless we are never going its way when it is out traveling. The field of classic mythology was for Riley a barren pasture, but the field of Hoosier superstition, fairy and folk lore yielded bounti- fully.28
With the healthy, romping children, with the pale- faced, suffering, patient children, with the dirty, frowzy bootblack or newsboy, with the sprite-like children who followed their fancies on most remark- able excursions, and with all other children Riley assumed close kinship. Like sunshine on the rippling water, like the twittering of birds among the young leaves, full of humor, conceits, and fancies are the Riley children. Whether singing or sighing, at play or work, at home or abroad, poor or rich, in health or in sickness, in rags or in ribbons, they are still only children. While he has written considerable of what is generally, though in many cases wrongly, called children's poetry it is not accurate to say this is his best.
Riley at his best is the spokesman for the Indiana farmer. Here his education has served him best. The typical Hoosier is the farmer. Not that the poet has failed to find characters among the lawyers, the doctors, in the cobbler shop, at the country store, around the checker board, at the fairs, in the army and a score of other places, but none of these equal in poetic insight or in historical truthfulness "Benja- min F. Johnson of Boone." Whittier alone of Amer- ican poets has seen the poetic side of farm life as has Riley, though certainly the quiet Quaker never heard
28 Compare "Tale of a Spider", "An Adjustable Lunatic", "Mary Alice Smith", "The Raggedy Man", "Little Orphan Annie", or the "Nine Littie Goblins".
1143
POETRY
such a riotous rhapsody of farmyard music as did "Mr. Johnson" on that October morning when the "frost was on the punkin and the fodder in the shock." Nothing is heard of the loneliness, the drudgery, the monotony, the hayseediness of farm life in Riley poetry, because these had not yet been experienced when "Benjamin F. Johnson" was speaking. He was the spokesman for the farmers of the fifties, sixties and seventies. The ugly, repul- sive side of farming is not overlooked, but the pre- vailing tint is bright rather than dark.29
The poet's love for his native state never failed him. He traveled often and widely but there is no hint of it in his writings. So far as his work is con- cerned he might as well never have been beyond the borders of Indiana. However he was not narrow nor provincial in the usual acceptance of these terms. He spoke to the world through the language and ex- perience of pioneer Indiana as Burns did through the language and life of Scotland. For this same reason Riley will always be appreciated more in Indiana than elsewhere. He knew the literature of the world, some of it so well that he could success- fully imitate it.30 But the world never tempted him from Indiana. He might go as far north as South Bend or as far east as Richmond but not farther. It may be the universal love story, a landscape as beau- tiful as an Alpine vale, a game of checkers or a bear story; whatever it was, its habitat was Indiana, Indiana realism. His state pride is never offensive,
29 See "The Nest Egg", "George Mulien's Confession", "Thoughts for the Discouraged Farmer", "His Pa's Romance" or a score of others.
30 See "A Remarkable Man", "Twiggs and Tudens", "Leon- anie", "Some Imitations" and elsewhere.
1144
HISTORY OF INDIANA
nor even obtrusive; he merely constructed his plots out of the familiar material at home.31
Much of Riley's writing is done in so-called dia- lect. The term is not apt. In his poems for, and about children he used the ordinary child language which certainly is not a dialect. The language of the unschooled Hoosiers who speak in his pages de- fies all the rules of dialect. Its peculiarity does not consist in any consistent misuses either of pronun- ciation, spelling, meaning or grammar, and least of all in rhetoric. It is the easy, everyday language of the facile farmer. Unlike Lowell, in the Bigelow Papers, Riley never permits his rustics to discuss questions they do not understand. Their language was as natural and easy for Riley as for the charac- ters he created. It is not a matter of study on his part. On the other hand, when he chose, Riley was a master of English as pure and limpid as the crys- tal rill that trickled through the old springhouse.
It is not necessary to compare Riley with other poets. Whether he was greater than Whittier or equal to Burns, may be amusing considerations but the larger questions are the honesty and reality of his appeal. One fact certainly is established, thou- sands of persons have enjoyed and admired the "Rubaiyat of Doc Sifers" who have never read any other Rubaiyat.82
31 See "Old Indiana", "A Child's Home Long Ago", or "Pap's Come Back to Indiana".
32 No authoritative biography of Riley has yet appeared. In the Biographical Edition of His Works, Voi. I, 367, is a short sketch of his life. In Famous Living Americans, 385, there is a brief biography and bibliography by Anna Nichaios. Many of his prose sketches are biographical. See, also, Book News Monthly, March, 1907; Ladies' Home Journal, January, 1902; Bookman, March, 1911; Mabel Potter Daggett, In Lockerbie Street; Clara C. Laughlin, Reminiscences of Riley; John A. Howland, James Whit-
1145
POETRY
comb Riley in Prose and Picture; Rlley, The Boss Girl and Other Sketches. He died at Indianapolis, July 22, 1916. In the daily papers and magazines of the period following his death are numer- ous articles, both biographical and critical. Selections from his letters, edited by Edmund Eitel, are published in Harper's Maga- zine beginning with December, 1917. The above discussion relates to Mr. Riley literarily; literally, he was not exactly what one would call a philanthropist. He Is not known to have worried more about the wrongs and sufferings of mankind than literary persons In general do. He had about the same affection for children as other bachelors of similar age.
INDEX
Ade, George, 1133. Agricultural development, 822. Agricultural education, 841. Amusements of pioneers, 593. Architecture of public build- ings, 986. Army organization, U. S., 1094. Asbury College, 988, 1012, 1014, 1111. Automobiles, 1045.
"Battle of Pogue's Run," 783. Beveridge, Albert J., 1062, 1114, 1135. Blackford, Judge Isaac, 1100, 1114.
Board of Education, state, 695, 926; county, 712, 920. Bolton, Sarah T., 1137. Border raids, 767, 771. Bounties and drafts, 760. Breaking land, 578. Butler college, 988, 1013.
Campaign of 1856, 642. Care of dependents, 809. Central Normal College, 1004.
Church re-alignments in the fifties, 574. Churches in the fifties, 573. Cities of Indiana, 966; popula- tion of, 1850-1910, 980; rise of the, 974; development, 982; charters, some early, 967.
City School Superintendents, 924.
Civil War, opposition to, 776. Civil War politics, 610. Civil War, the, 738. Clays, 904. Clearing land, early, 578. Coal, 900. Coeducation, 1012. Coercion or secession, 667. Colfax, Schuyler, 666, 963. Colleges, 988; early attend- ance, 988; sectarianism, 989; classical education, 994; so- ciety, 996; politics, 996; changing curriculum, 1001;
religion at the, 1011; coedu- cation, 1012; law schools, 1014; medical schools, 1015; graduate schools, 1017; col- lege unity, 1017.
Commercial development, 1021. Commercial schools, 1008.
Common schools, early condi- tions, 679; creating school sentiment, 682; early conven- tion in interest of, 684; legis- lation for, 691, 709, 710, 711; development of, 692; organ- ization, 695; funds, 694, 699, 701; statistics of, 703; state system, 916, 947. Community organizations, 972. Corrupt Practices Law, 1068. Cotton mills, early, 1023.
Counties, population of, 1840-60, 604; vote in 1854-6, 648; vote in 1860, 662; vote on free schools, 689. County Institutes, 935. County Superintendent, 917. Crittenden Compromise, 673. Crops, early, 832.
Crops in the fifties, 585. Curriculum of common schools, 941.
Debs, Eugene V., 1058, 1114. Democratic party, 864, 958. Dependents, care of, 809. Dillon, John B., 1130. Disabled soldiers, state debt to, 810. District school, the, 695. Drafts and bounties, 760. Dress in the fifties, 586. Durbin, Gov. Winfield T., 1056, 1062.
Earlham College, 988. "Eclipse," the river steamer, 596.
Economic changes in the fif- ties, 585. Education, 679. Eggleston, Edward, 1116. Eggleston, George Cary, 1121.
1148
INDEX
Election of 1854, 634; 1860,
650; 1864, 798; 1876, 875;
1892, 1053; 1904, 1057; 1912, 1063.
Employers' liability, 1037.
English, William H., 955, 963, 1134.
Enlistments in 1861, 675.
Fairbanks, Charles W., 964, 1065.
Farm implements, 834, 851; land, extent of, 1860, 825; statistics, 1850-60, 585; stock, 828.
Feeble-minded, School for the, 815.
Female educational institu- tions, 1012.
Fences, early rail, 577.
Field Crops, 832.
Fifteenth Amendment, passage of, 806. Finley, John, 1137.
Forest land, extent of, 1860, 825.
Fort Sumter, Indiana's re- sponse to, 738.
Foster, Gen. John W., 1135.
Foulke, William D., 1135. Free schools, vote on, 693. Franklin College, 989. Fruits, 838.
Gardening, 837. Gas, natural, 911. Geological surveys, 886.
German immigrants in Indi- ana, 630. Golden Circle, Knights of the, 778.
Goodrich, Gov. James P., 1064, 1091, 1093.
Graduate schools, 1017. Grangers, 852, 862, 870, 1049.
Gray, Gov. Isaac P., 958. Greenbackers, 859, 873, 953, 957. Gresham, Walter Q., 960.
Hall, Baynard Rush, 1115. Hanly, Gov. J. Frank, 1058, 1114. Hanover College, 1010.
Harrison, Benjamin, 660, 878, 953, 954, 960, 963, 965, 1054, 1114.
Hay, 836. Haynes, Elwood, 1045.
Hemp, 837.
Hendricks, Thomas A., 657, 662, 676, 858, 955, 960, 963. Hogs, 830.
Home life in the fifties, 575.
Horses, 830.
Housing laws, 1042.
Hovey, Gov. Alvin P., 700, 961, 965.
Howe, Judge Daniel Waite, 1135.
Illiteracy in the fifties, 604, 607.
Immigration into the Ohio Val- ley, 629.
Indiana, a political battle- ground, 963. Indiana Boys' School, 813. Indiana Educational Society, 684.
Indiana in the fifties, 573.
Indiana Legion, the, 765.
Indiana University, 1002, 1005, 1012, 1013, 1015.
Indianapolis, pioneer railroad, 718; first charter, 970; early conditions, 971; changes in charter, 977; railroad dona- tion, 978; population, 980; early commerce, 984.
Individualism of the pioneers, 576, 600.
Industrial centers, 1027. Industrial education, 944. Industrial legislation, 1035.
Industrial School for Girls, 815. Irish immigrants in Indiana, 629. Iron interests, 896.
Kansas question, 635, 642, 652. Kern, John W., 963, 1056. Knights of the Golden Circle, 778. Know Nothings, 619, 637, 643. Krout, Caroline, 1138.
Labor legislation, 1035.
11.19
INDEX
Labor troubles, 1072. Lagrange Phalanx, 972.
Lane, H. S., 644, 656, 659, 661, 666, 1112. Law schools, 1014.
Legislation as to municipali- ties, 967. Libraries, township, 707. Limestone, 907.
Liquor traffic, early opposition to, 590, 613; legislation on, 614. Literary history, 1098. Live stock, 828.
Major, Charles, 1132. Manufacturers, early, 1021.
Marshall, Gov. Thomas, 964, 1065.
Matthews, Gov. Claude, 1054. Medical schools, 1015.
Mental Traits, early, 600.
Mexican Border, Indiana troops on, 1084.
Michigan City, charter of, 969; population, 981.
Military history since the Civil War, 1070. Militia, State, 1072.
Mills, Caleb, 683-4, 695, 707, 935, 998.
Mine Inspection law, 903.
Minerals of Indiana, 884. Mining, 882.
Moody, William Vaughn, 1136; Moores Hill College, 989.
Morals in the fifties, 589.
Morgan's Raid, 771.
Morton, Oliver P., 637, 641,
644, 645, 652, 662, 666, 674, 677, 740, 741, 746, 798, 820, 857, 881.
Mount, Gov. James A., 1054, 1079.
National candidates from In- diana, 963. National Guard, 1077. Natural gas, 911.
Negro Enfranchisement, 805, 808.
Negroes, public education of, 809. Negroes, status of, 1850, 610.
New Albany, early commerce, 985.
Newspapers, 596, 1098.
Nicholson, Meredith, 1126.
Normal Schools, 931, 1001. Northern Indiana Normal, 1004.
Notre Dame University, 988, 1014.
Oats, 836. Oil, 913.
Oolitic limestone, 907. Oratory, 1109.
Organizing the army, 1861, 739. Owen, David Dale, 886, 893, 897. Owen, Robert Dale, 669, 692, 742.
Panic of 1874, 868. Parke, Benjamin, 1099, 1100. Partisanship in 1860, 665.
Patriotism in 1860, 665.
Petroleum, 913.
Philosophy of the pioneer, 602. Pioneer larder, 579.
Pioneer philosophy, 602.
Pioneer railroad of Indiana, 717; other early roads, 718; the builders, 733.
Pioneer, individualism of the, 576.
Pioneers, physique of the, 582. Plank roads, 839.
Poetry, 1136.
Polltical progress, 1067.
Political reformers, 872.
Political revolts, 856.
Politics during Civil War, 798.
Population, 1840-60, 604.
Populists, 1047.
Porter, Gov. Albert G., 660, 954.
Porter, Gene Stratton, 1134. Potatoes, 837.
Press, the, 596, 1098.
Progressive party, 1060.
Prohibition, early agitation for, 613; statewide, 1065.
Property valuations in the fif- ties, 585.
Prose writers, 1114.
Public Accounting Law, 1068.
1150
INDEX
Public health in the fifties, 591; in later years, 1041. Purdue University, 1007, 1016 Pure Food and Drug act, 10-1.
Quakers, abstinence of, 614.
Rail Fences, early, 577. Railroads, 715, 849.
Ralston, Gov. Samuel M., 1062. Reading Circle, 938.
Reconstruction of political par- ties, 819. Reconstruction period, 798. Reform Schools, 811. Religious debates, 575.
Religious thought in the fifties, 573.
Reorganization after the Civil War, 803.
Republican party, 865, 953, 957. Republican party, birth of in Indiana, 639.
Republicans, Liberal, 856. Richmond, charter of, 968; population, 981.
Riley, James Whitcomb, 1139. Road building, 839.
Road laws, 1045.
Rose Polytechnic Institute, 1007. Rye, 837.
Salem, charter of, 967. Salt, 882.
School administration, 918.
School funds, 694; distribution of, 696, 701, 703. School houses in 1852, 697.
School law of 1861, 709; of 1865, 710; of 1873, 711.
School sanitation, 1043.
School statistics, 1916, 950.
School supervision, 921.
School system, 679.
School taxes resisted, 700. Schools and the Courts, 700. Shakertown, 972. Sheep, 831. Slave hunting, 624. Slavery, 610. Social gatherings, early, 592. Socialists, 1058. Society in the fifties, 587.
Soil, care of the, 826.
Soldiers Home, First, 810.
Soldiers in the Civil War, 764. Soldiers' relief, 793. Spanish-American War, 1078.
State Board of Agriculture, 822.
State Board of Health, 1041.
State debt, 1865, 817.
State fairs, 844.
State government, breakdown of, 676.
State Militia, 1072.
State Normal School, 1002.
State school system, 916, 947.
State Teachers' Association,
938. State's rights after the war, 819.
Street railways, 1044.
Strikes, 1072.
Superintendent of Public In- struction, 695, 921.
Superstitions and signs, early, 601. Swamp lands, 621.
Swine, 830.
Tariff, Indiana and the, 953. Tarkington, Booth, 1131.
Tax system, 817; revision of laws, 818.
Teachers' Associations, 938.
Teachers' Reading Circle, 938. Temperance agitation, early, 613.
Thirteenth Amendment, Pas- sage of, 805.
Thompson, James Maurice, 1123. Thompson, Richard W., 641, 672, 1103, 1135.
Tobacco, 837. Towns, special charters for, 967. government, 1859,
Township 709.
Township institutes, 937. Township libraries, 706.
Township trustees, 696.
Transportation, 1044.
Transportation schemes, early, 716. Travel in the fifties, 596. Treason trials, 790.
INDEX
1151
Troops in the Civil War, 764. Truancy Law, 950. Turpie, David, 657, 662.
Underground Railroad, 623.
Valparaiso University, 1004. Vincennes, charter of, 968; population, 981. Vocational schools, 947. Voorhees, Daniel W., 653, 660, 866, 881, 1103, 1112. Vote in 1854 and 1856, 648. Vote in 1860, 662.
Wabash College, 987, 1002, 1010.
Wage-earners, 1909, 1030.
Wallace, Gen. Lew, 653, 1075, 1121.
Wealth in the fifties, 585. Wheat, 834.
Whig party, death of, 637.
Willard, Gov. Ashbel P., 645, 650. Williams, Gov. James D., 839, 848, 876, 1005. Woman's prison, 815. Woman's rights, 632.
Woman's sphere in pioneer life, 580.
Women wage-earners, protec- tion of, 1059.
Women's work in the Civil War, 794.
Workmen's compensation, 1038. World War, Indiana in the, 1090. Wright, Gov. Joseph A., 616, 637, 651, 736, 822, 840, 842, 1005.
#966
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.