USA > Indiana > Jefferson County > Madison > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
USA > Kentucky > Jefferson County > Louisville > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
USA > Ohio > Hamilton County > Cincinnati > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
USA > Ohio > Montgomery County > Dayton > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
USA > Ohio > Muskingum County > Zanesville > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
USA > Ohio > Scioto County > Portsmouth > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
USA > Pennsylvania > Allegheny County > Pittsburgh > The western address directory : containing the cards of merchants, manufacturers, and other business men, in Pittsburgh, (Pa.) Wheeling, (Va.) Zanesville, (O.) Portsmouth, (O.) Dayton, (O.) Cincinnati, (O.) Madison, (Ind.) Louisville, (K.) St. Louis, (Mo.) , 1837 > Part 10
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It is the seat of justice of Ohio county, and lies on both sides of the mouth of Wheeling creek, in lat. 10° S' N., lon. about 80° 40' W. It is a chartered city, and gov- erned by a Mayor and Council, chosen annually on the Sd Monday of March. The town consists of the origi-
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nal plat, laid off in lots, in 1793, by Col. Ebenezer Zane, and ten additions thereto subsequently made by individuals and companies, comprising 1,270 lots, 856 of which are on the north, and 414 on the south side of Wheeling creek.
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In 1810 the population of Wheeling was 914; in 1820 it had increased to 1,567, and in 1850 to 5,221. The present population is estimated at 10,000. The colored population consists of 200 persons, one half of whom are slaves.
During the last fiscal year, the revenue collected within the borough, arising from tax on real estate, wharf- age, water rents, licenses, and a few other sources of minor consequence, was $10,9.2.70. The corporation owes a debt of $100,000, drawing an interest of six per cent., and owns property, at the most reasonable esti- mate, worth more than the amount of its indebtedness. It owns a coal bank adjoining the town, the contents of which, at one cent per bushel, would be worth from one hundred and ten to one hundred and twenty-five thou- sand dollars; so that the corporation, so far from being really in debt, may be considered as free from debt, and owning a property worth nearly, or fully, 25,000 dollars, under the hammer.
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Much of the historical information imparted in my previous letters, with reference to the difficulties which attended the settlement and bringing forward of Pitts- burgh, will apply to this city also, as well as to others, that are elder and more prominent, in the west.
The near approach of the hill to the river, to which I have referred, reduces the limits of the business parts of Wheeling to a narrow compass ; but it is contemplated
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Wheeling, in 1836.
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to obviate this difficulty, however, by extending the opera- tions over to Zane's Island, which contains about $50 acres, and lies immediately in front of, and which is to be connected with, the city, by a bridge, now in progress, the piers of which between the island and Bridgeport in Ohio, are finished. Less than one half of the island has been already laid out into 923 lots, which have been sold, and improvements are now being made upon them- should business require it hereafter, the remainder of the island can be laid off' into lots and added to the present ones, and the whole number will probably exceed 2000. The island is now called Columbia city. The great Na- tional Road, it will be remembered, passes over this isl- and, and the bridge will supply the hiatus occasioned by the river.
Wheeling was known as a place of some importance as far back as 1776 ; for, by a law of Congress that year, " Ebenezer Zane, a celebrated hunter, Noah Zane, and his brother Jonathan, received the cession of certain lands in Ohio on condition that they should open a bridle track from Wheeling, in Virginia, to Maysville, Kentucky. "" " Immediately above the mouth of Wheeling creek, there used to stand a fort, serving as a frontier post during the wars with the Indians. "t
A letter from Doct. Gideon C. Forsyth, dated " Aug. 1808, " and published in the New York Medical Repo- sitory, says, " The town of Wheeling, where I now live, stands on a very high bank of what is called made ground, and was once, no doubt, the bed of the river ; so that we are obliged to sink our wells as low as the river, in order
*Ohio Gazetteer. tDitto Nav.
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to have permanent water. We find mud, logs, and pe- trified substances with the rolled pebbles, as far as the made ground extends downwards ; say upwards of 40 feet. The river water is generally pure, as the bottom is sand and rolled pebbles, and seldom muddy. The earth is so light, that if the bank falls in by the under- mining of the water, the light sand and earth are soon carried away, and nothing is left but pebbles and coarse sand.
" Our climate is much more mild in the same degrees of latitude, than eastward of the Allegheny mountains. This is caused by the winds which are mostly up the river, or from the southward and westward. I have rare- ly known a north-east storm here ; that unfriendly wind . seems to know that its bounds are the Allegheny moun- tains.
" The soil on the north side of our hills is by far the richest. This is no doubt owing to the winds blowing so constantly from the southward, carrying the leaves and lodging them on the north side, which, by rotting, have at length made the soil rich. This, you know, is quite the reverse of what is the case in New England, where the north side of the hills is cold, and frequently unpro- ductive. Although the climate is more mild, yet it is much more unsteady, and I can never prognosticate what the weather will be twelve hours before hand."
The instances which exist, that the rivers and streams in this section of country, coursed it in different chan- nels from the present, are numerous ; but what are the - circumstances which combine to fix on any particular period, most likely to effect such a revolution, since that of the diluvian, is difficult to ascertain. In Europe, or
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Wheeling, in 1836.
in South America, where volcanic eruptions sometimes occur, to discover overthrown towns buried in lava in " after periods, would in all probability be charged to that account. So of a known earthquake ; if a sunken coun- try is discovered afterwards, in the vicinity where its ef- fects were imagined the most fatal, although no record was made of it at the time, it is naturally ascribed to that cause. May not earthquakes have occurred, and the fatality which attended them bave been as serious without our knowledge as with it ? or, do they take place " to be known of men?" That, in Dec. 1811, which continued for a year, at different periods, on some parts of the low- er Mississippi, " threw down brick chimnies and shat- tered houses, in New Madrid; and threw up the earth in some places while it sunk it in others ; water spouted up through the cracks and holes of the earth, in all direc- tions ; trees lashed their tops together, while others were split, twisted and torn from their roots ; the river itself appeared equally convulsed with the land-earth and water were equally affected. The plot of ground on which New Madrid stands, was sunk, during the shocks, eight feet below its former level .* "
Might not the geological phenomena which are pre- sented at the castern base of Wheeling hill, have been pro- duced by some such strange concussion of nature, at some early period ? I presume not to say when : It might have been very early when the WORD was spoken, " let the dry land appear !"'-or it might have been later, to- wards the close of the diluvian era, when " the waters were abated from off' the earth "-or it might have been
*Ohio Navigator.
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subsequently, of which we have no record or tradition. The whole affords materials sufficient, apparently, for a treatise, if one versed in geological science, would give it proper attention. The hill, or rather ridge, (for it trends for miles along the river to the north, ) is of a pe- culiar formation. I speak of its external features-the abruptness of its ascent, to upwards of 200 feet above the level of the river, forming an acute angle at the point of elevation; the scooping out of the earth at its eastern base, by which the basin is formed, around which the creek now passes, leaving the peninsula of six or seven acres, of low alluvial, attached only to the main and somewhat higher land, by a very narrow isthmus ; and the course afterwards followed by the creek, until it enters the Ohio river at right angles. Here then, at one period, was an immense body of water dammed up -the hill " was first on the ground " -- from whence came the water ? Was it produced in an elemental strife in some subterranean mineral cell, and expelled ("gushed out,") to seek a " trifle, light as air ?" Or how got it, and when, into the basin ? We know it has passed off, leaving one of the most serpentine tracks that is to be met with in this coun- try, and by its insinuating address, carried off a portion of the less resisting part of Wheeling hill with it.
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Wheeling, in 1836. .
LETTER VIII.
Wheeling continued-Water Works-Public houses, Banks, Church- es, &c .- (Note of Wellsburg)-Warehouses and Stores -- Flood of 1832-Statistics-Home Markets-Miscellaneous.
WHEELING, (Virg.) Dec. 30th, 1836.
The city is supplied with water through the medium of Water Works, under the superintendence of Messrs. Moore & Powell. The building is on the margin of the river at the foot of Adams street, and contains an en- gine with a 20 inch cylinder and S feet stroke, which has 4 boilers, each SO inches diameter and 20 feet long, and a 12 inch pump 8 feet long. The pump is discharged twice at cach revolution of the wheel ; the wheel making 12 revolutions a minute ; 1198 gallons of water are dis- charged within that period, through the main shaft, which is 1000 feet in length and 14 inches diameter, into a re- servoir containing about half a million of gallons, situated on the brow of Wheeling hill, 172 feet above the level of the river. About 120 bushels of coal are consumed daily. The water is conveyed through the city in iron pipes.
Of the public houses, none are more attractive than the Court-house and Jail. Both have been seen in by-gone days when their appearance was more fashionable than now. The former is a pile of square and oblong free- stone blocks, having been prepared and put up some 40 years ago, and in a style, apparently, to gratify two par- ties-one advocating the introduction into the temple the hewn, and the other the rough material, as the marks of
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the chisel are perceptible upon the faces of some of them. It is contemplated, however, to remove the former in the course of another season, and in its stead erect one in better keeping with the times of the country generally, and the improved taste displayed in the construction of the other buildings of the city.
The Market House is a neat, cleanly and spacious brick building ; and the brick and masonry might serve as models in every respect, worthy of being imitated in some (not Boston) of our eastern cities. There is anoth- er small market house near the creek.
Here are likewise two Banks, a Savings Institution, and a Fire and Marine Insurance Company.
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The Merchants' and Mechanics' Bank, with a capital of $500,000, all paid in-Redick M'Kee, Prest. ; Geo. A. Clark, Cash .- The North Western Bank of Virginia, Capital $300,000 all paid in. (This is the bank select- ed for the government deposites)-Archibald Woods, Prest. ; John List, Cashr.
The Merchants' and Mechanics' bank has a branch at Morgantown, and the Northwestern bank a branch at Wellsburg.
*Wellsburg, the county town of Brooke, in this state, is 16 miles above Wheeling, on the Ohio river. Its population, which is nearly all white, [20 of the colored are slaves,] is about 1,700. It is a flourishing town, and situated in the heart of a fine, healthy, and fertile country, and is commencing to manufacture to some extent. The principal establishments are : a Cotton Factory, which runs 1,200 spindles; 2 small Kentucky Jeans Factories; 1 Woollen Fac- tory, located on Buffalo creek: 1 White Flint Glass, and 1 Green Hollow Ware do. on ditto; a Paper Mill, and Flour and Saw Mills, all by steam power ; 1 Stone Ware Factory; an Iron Furnace and Steam Engine shop; 2 Printing offices, issuing weekly papers, (Ga- zette and Transcript;) a branch of the North Western Bank of
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Wheeling, in 1836.
Of the Wheeling Savings Institution, Thomas Hughes, is Prest. ; and Daniel Lamb, Treas .- The Fire and. Marine Insurance Co. of Wheeling, has a capital of $100,000 .- John Fawcett, Prest. ; Daniel Lamb, Secy. ; Joseph Wood, Surveyor.
Here are seven* Churches-Episcopal, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Methodist and Baptist. And here is the Wheeling Institute and a Lancasterian Academy- And here, also, are the Virginia and United States Hotels-price of board, per day, $1.25.
The . warehouses, for storing and forwarding goods, are generally located on Water street: the stores for retailing are mostly on Main, and the more elevated streets. The dwellings are generally of brick-those recently erected are in modern style. In South Wheel- ing, which connects the North by a very substantial bridge of free stone over the mouth of the creek, are many handsome brick buildings, and mostly new. The delightful situation here selected for residences, partak-
Virginia, with a capital of $75,000; 2 Churches for Baptists and Methodists, [the Presbyterians are erecting one ; ] and an Academy. The country is unusually productive, and as well adapted to the culture of grain as in grazing, for cattle and sheep .- 70,000 bbls. flour were shipped for the southern market last year .- [ Communi- cated by Joseph Service, E'sq., of Wellsburg.
*Stven is a prophetic number, and peculiarly so in the applica- tion here: "John to the seven churches"-(Rev. 1-4.) May these be well and properly attended; for I have often observed, and the fact is otherwise attested, that in commercial cities or towns, as well as in other places of business, where the " sabbath" is kept " holy." and churches frequented, for the worship of Gop, the people therein are prosperous and contented : Where the reverse is the case, a di- lapidation of those temples is the first evidence that presents itself- all species of vice follow-and bankruptcy, poverty and ruin ulti- mately close the scene.
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ing somewhat of rural comforts, from the surrounding and scattered trees and flowering shrubs, in season, add. much to the general appearance of the whole city.
The very high flood with which Wheeling was visited in February, 1832, swept off 42 buildings from the bot- tom or low lands of the city: S5 floated away in one company, and being of frame, stood down the river with as little inclination to capsize as if they were still on terra firma. The river was 54 feet above its ordinary level; the Island opposite was inundated, and persons were taken out of the chamber window of a brick house, now in sight of where I am writing, by others, who proceed- ed thither in a boat for the purpose. Such high floods, however, are very uncommon.
According to a " General Estimate" of the population, Manufacturing Establishments, Wholesale and Retail Stores, Commission Houses, Business, &c., of the city of Wheeling, published early this month,
"There are in the city 136 establishments for the manufacture of domestic Goods, using annually 1,243, 000 bushels of coal, and giving employment to more than 1,700 hands. They own 28 steam engines, possessing a power equal to 900 horses, and yield an annual product worth at least S?,000 000.
" The number of wholesale and retail stores is 87, of various kinds, which vend annually goods to the amount of $2,092,700. In addition to these, there are 17 other licensed retail stores, which, being of minor importance, are not estimated.
"Seven commission and forwarding houses, for the sale of goods consigned, and for receiving and forward- ing merchandize and produce. These houses, from De-
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Wheeling-its Statistics in 1836.
cember 1, 1835, forwarded eastward 10,587,811 lbs. of produce of various descriptions, and in addition to To- bacco alone, S,182 hhds., making 3,182,000 lbs. For- warded west and south, of produce and merchandize, 56,259,177 lbs. On the merchandize forwarded west, there were paid to wagoners for carriages from 265 to $285,000, in addition, a large sum (not ascertained) was paid to boats for freights.
"The amount of money expended for the purchase of Merino Wool, exported to the Atlantic cities, cannot be correctly ascertained, but is known to exceed the sum of $245,400.
" Paid for Pork, Lard and Bacon, - $135,000
Flour, - - - - 1,400,000 .
66 Whiskey, cider and apples, - 55,000
Flat boats to transport the same, 80,000 Amount annually expended for Lumber is - - 40,000
" There are now, within a circle of twenty-five miles around Wheeling, 134 Flour mills, manufacturing an- nually at least 280,000 barrels of flour, which at this time is worth $6,75 per barrel, amounting to $1,890,000; of this quantity about 180,000 barrels are exported to New Orleans by boats, and to the Atlantic cities, by the Pennsylvania canal, via Pittsburgh, and by wagons.
" There have been built at this place, (either in whole or in part, ) since the 1st of January last, eleven steam boats, the value of which, when ready for business, is $198,000.
" The number of arrivals and departures of steam boats at this port, per wharf-master's books, within the
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past year, is 1,602. The number of flat and keel boats is 228; the tonnage of which is 167,219 tons.
* " There are annually exported from Wheeling and immediate vicinity, to Cincinnati, Louisville, and other towns on the Ohio river, 1,500,000 bushels stone coal, furnishing employment to from 300 to 400 persons, and costing, when delivered at market, from 90 to $100,000. This trade is increasing very rapidly.
" There are 3 printing offices; two, each, publishing . a weekly and tri-weekly paper, and one for book work; all employing twenty-four hands.
"There is one circulating library, comprising 1,400 volumes, established within a year.
" Wheeling is also a port of entry.
" There are daily arriving and departing eight lines of stages, east and west. Two daily stages and one tri- weekly, north.
" The number of passengers arriving and departing weekly, by the different modes of conveyance, is va- riously estimated at from 600 to 650."
Amongst the Manufacturers, and particularly those engaged in Iron, Messrs. D. Agnew & Co. deserve re- spectful notice, as owning the only Rolling Mill in the place. They have one steam engine, employ 100 hands, consume 150,000 bushels of coal, and manufacture an- nually iron nails to the amount of S300, 000.
The Iron Foundry of Messrs. Sweeney and Mathews, is located in the north eastern part of the city, on the bank of the river, and within a few yards of the base of Wheeling hill. They carry on an extensive business, the works being constructed as well for heavy castings, (water pipes, steam boat machinery, mill-gearing, &c.)
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Wheeling-its Statistics in 1836. 167
as for stoves, grates, and articles of hollow ware-25 hands are employed-25,000 bushels coal annually con- sumed-and the proceeds of the establishment exceed $$5,000 pr. annum. [The entrance into the coal drift, op- posite this foundry, is at the base of the hill. Mr. M. was polite enough to conduct me to its farther point, (as lamps were placed at stated distances, to enable the colliers to work,) which had perforated the hill 220 yards. At the distance of 100 yards, we came to a track, which diverged to the right of the main one, and extended equally far, but the operations in it had been abandoned for 3 or 4 years, in consequence of the vein having run out. The passage was sufficiently high to admit of our walking erect, and except in one place, the sides were not shored, as is sometimes the case, to prevent the coal from falling .- The roof was slate, as usual; and in that chamber, where the works had been abandoned, the slate had put on a light color, and had fallen from the ceiling so abun- dantly as nearly to block up the way. I took some of it (for it was decomposed) between my thumb and finger as well that which had fallen as that which remained, over head, and on examining it by the light afterwards, found it of a dead lead color, and that either of them were clay of superior quality. ]
The Iron and Brass Foundry and Steam Engine Shop, of Mr. Arthur M. Phillips, are located on the bank of the river, a short distance above the Water Works, where he has in operation a steam engine. 'The annual consumption of coal is about 25,000 bushels ; from 70 to 80 hands are employed, about 300 tons of pig metal, and a proportionate quantity of bar iron, are
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used-the productive value of which could not be ascer- tained, as his accounts had not been made up .- Last year, Mr. P. built 17 steam engines, 12 of which were for boats.
The Foundry and Steam Engine and Machine Shop of Messrs. Helin & Richardson, located in the centre of the city, has in operation one engine for putting in mo- tion several lathes and drawing out leaden pipes for wa- ter works, &c. The amount of lead for water pipes alone, this year, was SO tons. At this foundry is also cast all kinds of steam engine work, mill-gearing, stoves, grates, &c. The consumption of coal annually is about 10,000 bushels, SO hands are employed, and the proceeds of the establishment amount to'about SS0,000.
The Crown and Flint Glass establishment of Messrs. Ritchies & Wilson are in successful operation. It is nearly eight years since they were erected. At the first named, they gave employment this year to 40 operatives, consumed 67,000 bushels coal, and the amount of arti- cles manufactured, was SS., 000 : At their other works, where an engine is in operation, they gave employment to 55 hands, consumed 110,000 bushels coal, and their product was S75,000-total, both establishments, for the year, $162,000.
The Flint Glass Works of Messrs. M. & R. S. Swee- ney & Co. and the cutting or grinding establishment, at- . tached, turn out also very beautiful articles. The pat- terns are of modern style, rich and eminently transpa- rent. One engine is in operation ; 110,000 bushels coal consumed annually ; between 50 and 60 hands employ- ed ; and their product $35,000.
The works of Messrs. Stokely & Campbell are for Vials
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and Bottles. They use 25,000 bushels coal, employ 28 operatives, and their amount of manufactures this year was $30,000.
The Paper Mills of Messrs. A. Fisher & Co. one de- nominated the Fulton, and the other the Point, manu- facture, at the former, all kinds of fine paper-at the latter, printing, only. Each of those mills are put in mo- tion by a steam engine, and each consume 60,000 bushels coal per annum-the former employs SO hands, and pro- duces $35,000 a year-the latter, half the number of hands, and its product is $28,000. The article manu- factured is by the modern process of machinery.
The Paper Mill of Messrs. Wmn. Lamdin & Sons has but recently gone into full operation-their former one, with nearly all their stock, having unfortunately, last summer, got burnt, by which they lost about $10,000 .- They now manufacture paper of all kinds, which of course includes, also, sand paper. Their machinery is driven by one engine ; consumes 60,000 bushels coal an- nually, employs 30 operatives, and their product is $45,000.
Mr. Dana Hubbard, at his Steam Saw Mill and Win- dow Sash manufactory, employs 22 men, consumes 36,000 bushels coal annually, and the proceeds of his es- tablishment this year was about $22, 000. About 900,000 feet of lumber were sawed during the time, at the mill ; 50,000 feet of which were for window sashes, which quantity was manufactured, within that period, into 100,000 lights-all these operations, even to the mortises and tenons, were by steam machinery ; and the only manipulation by the operatives, was in putting the joints together.
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Messrs. Kelsall & Cowdin are erecting a brick build- ing on the opposite Island, for the purpose of manufac- luring Oil Floor Cloths, Furniture cloths, &c. and pur- pose commencing operations the ensuing spring.
Messrs. D. Myerle & Co. are also erecting on the above island a brick building designed for an extensive Rope Walk : and I do not know that I can enter into the views of the proprietors in more concise, and at the same time more general terms, than is embraced in a note from Mr. M. under date of the 26th inst. He says,
" As one, who is desirous to promote all works which conduce to the advancement of the common good, I beg leave to make a few observations for your information, which you can use, if you think proper, (as I understand you have in progress a most valuable work, ) in connexion with that received from other sources, on other subjects- it regards the business of Rope manufacturing in these regions.
" I am now completing a Rope manufactory, with suf- ficient machinery driven by steam power, at Wheeling, or opposite, on the Island, called Columbia city, to ma- nufacture from 40 to $50,000 worth of cordage per year, and shall have employed from 30 to 40 hands-shall commence operations about the first of April. The warehouse will be in Wheeling.
" I am also completing another Rope manufactory at Louisville, of the largest class-the Walk will be 1400 feet in length and 25 in breadth. The machinery, which will be superior, will be put in motion by steam, and will manufacture $120,000 worth of cordage per year-will employ from 75 to SO hands-and commence operations. about the first of May.
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