USA > Kentucky > A history of Kentucky and Kentuckians; the leaders and representative men in commerce, industry and modern activities, Volume I > Part 3
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Kentucky and Pennsylvania systems compared, 495 Kentucky boy, embryo politician, 185
"Kentucky Colonel," 29 Kentucky County, 35 Kentucky daughters rescued. 41
Kentucky's distinguished Confederate sons, 317
Kentucky Educational Association. 432
Kentucky Federation of Women's Clubs, 449 "Kentucky Gazette," 104, 555
Kentucky Independent Company, 595
"Kentucky in Liberia," 176 Kentucky Military Institute, 439 "Kentucky News-Era, "' 569 Kentucky Normal Schools, 431 Kentucky resolutions of 1798-9, 289
Kentucky Sharpshooters with Perry, 216
INDEX
Kentucky speech purest of English, 501 Kentucky State Capitol, 494
Kentucky State College, Carnegie Library for, 402
Kentucky State Medical Society, 572
Kentucky surveyor, 230
Kentucky Union Boys, 336
Kentucky University, Medical Department, 572
Kentucky University, 428
"Kentucky Yeoman, "' 569 Kentucky vs. Spain, 130
Kentnekians at Buena Vista, 266; eager for war, 203; in the battle of Lake Erie, 598; natural speakers and officials, 122; to the front, 225; sup- port American advance, 225; vietorions, 218 Keokuk-Knobstone Waverly Group, 531 Knott, Hon. J. Proctor, 135, 464, 508, 551, 553; ad- ministration of, 552; political career of, 551 Know Nothing (American) Party, 275
LaFayette, 166 Lafayette formation, 527 Lake Erie, battle of, 215; naval victory of, 599 Land deeded by Indians, 17 Land Grants to Volunteers, 47
"Land Lawyers,'' 144 Land title litigation, 143
Land titles uncertain, 143 LaSalle, Chevalier Robert de, 1; discovers Kentucky shores, 1
Last American Lord Protector, 22
Last appeal for Union, 313
Last of America's Lord Proprietors, 22 Last of Burbridge and his rule, 370 Last recorded sale of slaves, 378 Last sale of slaves iu Kentucky, Is0
Last Victory for Whig Party, 275 Last Whig President, 271 Legislated out of office, 242 Legislative department of Kentucky, 467 Legislative relief, 234 Legislature against judge, 234
Legislature's impressive adjonrnment, 311 Legislature rejects Thirteenth Amendment, 381 Letter from Boone to Henderson, 19 Letter from Chief Justice Muter, 109 "Lexington Herald," 497 Lexington, postoffice at, 250 Lexington resolutions, 167 Lexington Society, 130 Lexington State University, 401 Libraries, free, 449 Life of the Mountaineer, 499 Lignitie Series, 528 Lincoln county, 135
Lincoln, birthplace of, 309; emancipation proelama- tion, 335, 376; Memorial Over Original Cabin, 377; nominated, 291; Piatt on, 183 Lincoln-Buekner-Crittenden Conference, 315 List of killed at Blue Lick, 77 Litigation over land titles, 143 Little Carpenter, 19 Local and special legislation, 470
Logan, Col. Benjamin, 43, 76, 87, 99; bravery and wisdom of, 43 Logan county, 135 Logan Female College, 443
Logan's Fort, 24, 40, 42, 44; siege of, 44 Logan on the Blue Liek affair, 76 Logan, Emmett G., 557, 566; barbecue on farm of, 568
"Long HIunters, " 14 Lord Dunmore peace treaty, 16
Lonisiana Purchase, 190 Louisiana Purchase frees the Mississippi, 190
Louisville, 4ยบ; Confederate Monument at, 347; city ball, 231; court house, 464; custom house and post office, 91; first log cabin, 47; first paper in, 556; first settlers of, 65; "Reign of Terror" in, 276; site of surveyed, 15
"Louisville-Bowling Green-Nashville Courier," 560 "Louisville Correspondent, " 556 " Louisville Democrat, "' 558 "Louisville Herald, "' 569
"Lonisville Journal," 557, 559, 568 Louisville Legion, 263 Louisville Medieal College, 572
"Lonisville Medieal Monthly, "' 573
"Louisville Medieal News, "' 573 "Louisville Monthly Journal of Medicine & Sur- gery, "' 573
Lonisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 412, 429 "Louisville Times," 557, 567, 569 Loretto Academy, 443 Lower Carboniferous Area, 522 Lower Mississippi Loess, 527
Mad Anthony moves against Indians, 126
Madison, Major George, 232 Madison and Slaughter administrations, 232
Madison county, 135
Magoffin, Governor, 315
Magoffin succeeded by Robinson, 337
Making of Jackson, 248 Mammoth Cave, Entrance to, 432
Many attempts at separate government, 106
Market prices in 1792, 123
Marriage, first in Kentucky, 42
Marriage of slaves, 182
Marshall, Chief Justice, 164
Marshall, Humphrey, 141, 317
Mason county, 135 Masonic Temple, Maysville, 255
Massacre at Kincheloe's Station, 74
"Mathews' Medieal Quarterly, "' 573 Maysville & Lexington Turnpike Company, 252
McChord, Rev. John, 409
McClellan, George B., 314
McClelland's Fort, 37 McCreery, Thomas C., 39S MeDowell, Dr. Ephraim, 573 McDowell Monument, 575 "MeDowell Park, "' 574 Medieal College of Transylvania, 571
Medical Department University of Louisville, 572 Medical History of Kentucky, 571 Mercer county, 135 Meriwether, David, 281 Meriwether, Clay's Successor, 281 Meteorie Morgan, 332 Methodist Episcopal Church, 454 Methodist Pioneers of the Word, 455
xxvi
INDEX
Message of Governor Magoffin, 337 "Messenger,"' 569 Mexican War, 259 Middlesborough, Birdseye View of, 286; Oldest House in, 284 Militia, the, 487 Military interference, 336, 392 Military Monument, Frankfort Cemetery, 267 Military titles, 47
Millersburg Female College, 444
Mills, Benjamin, Judge, 237, 245
Mines and countermines, 60
Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous), 531 Mississippi Territory, 191
Mississippi River turned and lake formed, 198
Missouri, governors of, from Kentucky, 516
Misunderstood Henry's character, 31
Mode of revision, 490
Modern journalism in Kentucky, 559 Mohawkian Group, 533 Monroe, James, 190
Morgan, Maj .- Gen. John H., 318, 333, 332; "Christ- mas Raid of"' 350; and his eavalry, 339; me- teorie, 332; men captured, 361; men reunited, 361; "Takes the Bit, "' 359 Mormons, military expeditions against, 282 "Mother of the Orphan Brigade," 350 "Mother of States,"' 86 "Mothers of Kentucky,"' 98 Mountaincer, Real Kentucky, 498
Mounted Rifles, 590 Munfordsville, Surrender of, 341 Munie. palities, 480 Murder of Goebel, aftermath of, 514
Murray, Wm., 231 Murray Invents "Bessemer"' steel, 231 Mnter, George, 109 "My Old Kentucky Home, " 65
Napoleon, 190 "Nashville Banner," 564 Nashville open to attack, 330 Natural Bridge, 132 Nature defeats Ilarrison's plans, 205 Naval battle of 1800, 168
Naval victory of Lake Erie, 599
Nazareth Academy, 443
Negroes as Freemen, 170
Negro system of communication, 183 Negro testimony legalized, 399 Nelson county, 135 New constitutional convention, 166 New Constitution on "Free Negroes, " 178
New Court party, 237, 242, 244 New Orleans, Battle of, 225 New Orleans project abandoned, 134 New Orleans seat of war, 219 "'New Era, " 562 "'News, "' 569 " News-Demoerat,"' 569 "'News-Journal, "' 567 New President, Judge Barker, 403 Niagaran Group, 532 ''Night Riders, "' 506 Ninth convention, 120 Non-Partisan Resolutions to Buckner, 547
No peace for Kentucky, 75 Normal School appropriations, 437 Normal Schools, establishment of, 431 Northwestern Indian confederation, 68 Noted Kentuckians of Ohio, 518 Not Fighting for Slavery, 183 Nullification clause, 163
Nullification not in Kentucky resolutions, 158
Objection to Debt clause, 120 Obnoxious laws, repeal of, 188 Obnoxious war acts repealed, 395
Occasional Indian excursions, 128 Ogden, Maj. Robert W., 443
Ogden College, 443
Offers rejected too tamely, 137
Office and operating room of Dr. MeDowell, 574 Officers for districts and counties, 473
Officers for the state at large, 471 Of yesterday yet of today, 90 O'Hara, Theodore, 596 Ohio Black Shale Beds, 532
Ohio Canal Company, 254
Ohio Company, 2 Ohio River, 521
Oiled Kentucky Turnpike, 199
Old Court Party, 242
Old Court Party Wins, 244
"Old Field" or District schools, 406
Old Fort Boonesborongh, 6
Old Fort, Reservoir Park, Bowling Green, 434 "'Old Kentucky Home, " 596 "Old Rough and Ready,"' 271 Oldest college in Kentucky, 409
Oldest house in Middlesborough, 284 Oldest medieal school in Kentucky, 417
Old-time address to Virginia, 115
Oldtown, 28
One hundred nineteen counties in state, 135 On the eaptor's trail, 41 Opinions, some notable by Justice Harlan, 540
Opposition appeal to Virginia, 31
Opposition to Transylvania Company, 26
Opposition to Transylvania Seheme, 34 Ordinanee of Constitution, 492
Ordovieian Lower Silurian, 533 Origin of Kentucky Resolutions, 147
Origin of the name of Kentucky, 4
Origin of the name Quisenberry, 587 Original Settlers of Central Kentucky, 585
'. Orphan Brigade," 317, 347; brigade at Murfrees- boro, 349
Other Indian attacks, 64
Other educational forees, 442 Other state legislatures respond, 159
Queliterlony, Dr. John Arvid, 581 Outrages of "Night Riders,"' 506
Outrages on American shipping, 167
Owen, Colonel Abraham, 197 Owensboro Female College, 445
Owsley, William, Judge, 236, 245
Palmer, Dr. Edward Rush, 551 Palmer, Gen. John M., 394 Panic of 1857, 283 Party Leaders, 239
xxvii
INDEX
Pasturage land of Kentucky, 524 Patriots in Power, 203 "Patter-rollers, " 182 Patterson, James K., 400 Pawling Chair, 438 Peace Conference, 301 Peace of Paris, 5
Peace with Napoleon's coming, 168 Pen picture of General Wilkinson, 95 Penn, Shadrach, 557 Pennsylvanian (Up. Carboniferous), 528
Period of needed recuperation, 135 Perry, Commodore Oliver Hazard, 206, 598 Perryville, Battle of, 344
Peter, Dr. Robert, 576
Petitioning Virginia for Statehood, 89 "Philanthropist," 173
Physical Kentucky in Boone's time, 8 Physicians of Kentucky, 571 Pine Mountain, 521, 525, 529 Pioneer Kentucky bank, 198
Pioneers of Harrodsburg, 24 Plea for admission, another Kentucky, 105 Point Pleasant, battle of, 22 Police Courts, 478
Political conditions in state during war's closing days, 395 Political Parties of 1860, 289
Polk, Bishop Leonidas, 564 Population of Kentucky in 1790, 120
Population of Kentucky, 601
Postoffice, Louisville, 91
Postoffice at Lexington, 280 Prentice, Courtland, 180 Prentice, George D., 557 Presbytery of Transylvania, 456
Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Louisville, 412
Presbyterianism founded, 455 Presidential contest of 1800, 186
Presidential proclamation, 132 Preservation of forests, 450
Press of Kentucky, 555 Preston, William, 270 Prior to the 1890-1 Convention, 463 Prize rural model school, 449 Problematic journey down the Mississippi, 13 Problems of Relief Party, 240 Proclamation, 132 Proctor's savagery, 209 Proposed capture of New Orleans, 133 Protecting army supplies, 206 Protest against centralized government, 156 "Proudest day of his life," 84 Provisional government established, 325 Provisional Governor of Kentucky, 318 "Public Advertiser, " 556 Publie lotteries legalized, 200 Public roads, 252
Punishment of slave kidnapers, 174
Quarterly Courts, 477 Quaternary Period, 527 Qnisenberry, A. C., 376, 583
Railroads and Commerce, 485 Railroad, first constructed in the United States, 254
Raise siege of Logan's Fort, 44 Rapids of the Ohio, 1 Real Kentucky Mountaineer, 498
Reasons for postponement of separation, 106
Reassembling of 1861 Legislature, 311
Rebel and Union Guerrillas, 367
Redress from injustice, 144
Reel Foot Lake, 198, 523 Regal men and women, 501 Regular army, 589
Relief of Fort Wayne, 205 Reign of judicial chaos, 243
Relief Party, 237
Relief Party and leaders, 239
Relief Party wins election, 241 Relief parties, 239
Remarkable New Orleans victory, 228
Repeal of the Internal Revenue taxation, 188 Repeal of obnoxious laws, 188
Republican becomes Democratie party, 191
Report of committee on State Normal Schools, 436
Rescue of three Kentucky daughters, 41
Resolutions of 1798 adopted without amendment, 159
Resolution on needed school legislation, 435
Resolutions, similar, adopted by Virginia, 160
Retreat from Missionary Ridge, 364
Return to deserted camp, Boone's, 9
Returns to the Falls of the Ohio, Clark, 55
Revenue and Taxation, 482
Revolution proposed, 112
Ripley Series, 528
River Raisin, Battle of, 207
River Systems, 523
Roark, Rurie N., 437
"Rock of Chickamauga," 355
Rogers, Dr. Coleman, 575
Rogers, Dr. Louis, 576
Rowan, John, 239
"Royal Spring, " 438
Rumsey, James, 230
Rumsey's invention, 230, 231
Rural Schools, improvement of, 449
Sacrifice for others, 56 Sad and terrible war reckoning, 389 Salem Baptist Association, 453 Saltville, attack on, 374 Sayre Female Institute, 444 Scene of Floyd's disaster, Civil war battleground, 85 Schedule of Constitution, 491 Schools, early country, 407
School suffrage for women, 450
Schools, "Old Field" or District, 406
Science Hill School, 442
Scott county. 135
Sebastian under suspicion, 138 Second assembly of Kentucky, SS
Second Dragoons, 590 See of Lonisville, 462
Selling valne of slaves, 183 Senator Marshall, 141
Settlement of Kentucky, S1 Seven counties in Kentucky in 1787, 97 Seventh state in population, 197 Seventh Convention meets, 111 Severn's Valley Baptist church, 453
xxviii
INDEX
Shaler on Kentucky during Civil War, 371 Sharp-Beauchamp tragedy, 244 Shelby county, 135
Shelby, Isaac, Gov., 121, 142, 200, 211, 409; again governor, 200; takes the field, 214
Shelbyville Carnegie Library, 449
Sherman's "Crazy" estimate, 327
Shortest legislative session, 122
Short convention, a, 166
Siege of Boonesborough, 60; siege raised, 61
Siege of Logan's Fort, 44
Silurian, 532
Simpson's Creek church, 453
Sisters of Charity of Nazareth, 443
Sisters of Loretto, 443, 463
Sisters of Nazareth, 462 Site of Frankfort surveyed, 15
Site of Louisville surveyed, 15
Sixth convention, 105
Slaughter, Gabriel, 232
Slaves, attempt escape, 176; last sale of in Ken- tucky, 180; marriage of, 182 Slavery in Kentucky, 169 Slavery meetings, 176
Slow communication, days of, 186
Smith, Gen. Green Clay, 339
Smith, Kirby, 338
Spain again checkmated, 136
Spain's tempting offer. 117
Spalding, Bishop Martin J., 462
"Spanish Conspiracy," 140, 192 Spanish conspiracy analyzed, 138 Spanish designs averted, 102
Spanish Siren sings to Brown, 107
Speed, Dr. John James, 577 Speed, Mrs. Fannie, 443
Splendid Kentucky private, the, 387
Squire Boone, 10, 452
Society of "Sons of the Cincinnati," 583 Soils, The, 523
Some attempted slave escapes, 176
Some leading Confederate soldiers, 317
Some leading Union soldiers, 319
South Kentucky College, 440
Southeru Baptist Theological Seminary, 420 "Southern Bivouac, " extracts from, 346 Southern Normal, 434 Southern sympathizers, arrest of, 322 Sovereignty Convention, 324
St. Asaph, 24 St. Boniface, 462 St. Joseph's Cathedral, 461 St. Joseph's College, 462 Ste. Genevieve Group, 531 St. Louis church, 462
St. Louis Limestone Group, 531
St. Mary's College, 462
St. Thomas church at Bardstown, 461
Stanford Female College, 445 State aid to public works, 199 State College, 402, 406
State Farmer's Institute, 493 State Library Commission, 448 State of conditions and events in 1789, 105 State Medical Association, 572 State Pike, 252
State revenue revision committee, 493 States Rights, doctrine of, 158 States Rights Party, 248
State University, 400, 401, 406 State University, establishment of, 436 Statistics of coal mining, 530 Stevenson, Governor John W., 398
Stevenson succeeds McCreery, 398 Stewart, John, 9
Stewart, John, and Boone proceed to the Louisa River, 9
Successful invasion of enemy's country, 67
Suffrage and elections, 478
Sufferings of Freed Negroes, 382 Suits against the Burley Tobacco Society, 504 Supreme Court, Kentuckian in U. S., 535
Supreme Court, constitution's guardian, 164 Surplus of Courts, 188
Surprising message to the French, 51
Surrender of Colonel Wilder, 339
Surrender of Fort Donelson, 330
Surrender of Munfordsville, 341
Surveyors sent out, 14
Sympathy with Texas, 259
Sympathizers arrested, 322
Taylor family of Virginia, 143
Taylor, Gen. James, 203
Taylor, Gen. Zachary, 206, 260, 261, 271; opens Mex- ican War, 259; officially declared elected, 510
Taylor, W. S., 510
Taylor's election, 510
Taxation prevents practical development, 497
Taxation revision committee, 493
Taxing system, injurious, 493
Tecumseh, 196, 212; death of, 217; stops massa- cre, 212
Tennessee, Texas and Virginia governors from Ken- tueky, 518
Term "rebel,"' 323
Territorial governors from Kentucky, 519
Tertiary Period, 528
Texas, Tennessee and Virginia governors from Ken- tucky, 518
Text of adopted resolutions, 153
Text of 1799 resolutions, 162
Text of Jefferson resolutions, 149
Thatcher, Maurice K., 520
The Constitution of 1849, 273
"The Old Lion of Whitehall," 171 "The Purchase, "' 233 Third Dragoons, 590
Thirty thousand in Kentucky, 96
Thomas, General, 355
Threatened War with Great Britain, 196
Three Kentucky regiments present at Buena Vista, 264
Three Representative Kentuckians, 535 " Times-Journal. "' 569
Tinsley, Thomas, pioneer preacher, 452
"Tissue Ballots,"' 511
Tobacco Farm, 505
Tobacco Trust, 505
Tobacco trusts and growers, 503
Todd on the Blue Lick disaster, 77 Topography of Kentucky, 521
xxix
INDEX
Total output of all factories in Kentucky, 495 Toulmin, Harry, 426 Transylvania, 27, 30 Transylvania dies, 35 Transylvania Company, 17, 26, 28, 31
Transylvania Land Company, 571
Transylvania refused recognition, 30
Transylvania University, 406, 425, 571
Transylvania University consolidated with Kentucky University, 428
Transylvania University, hundredth anniversary of, 428
Traveling Libraries in the Mountains, 448
Treaty, between United States and France, 168; of Ghent, 229; of Greenville, 128; with Indians, 16 Triple layer of adverse claims, 143
Troublous times in tobacco district, 506
Trueman, Major, 125
"True American, "' 174
True pioneers rejoice, 38 Turning back the faint-hearts, 22 Turnpikes, 252
"Underground Railway," 181 Underground water channels, 523 Union College, 443 Union loss in Civil War, 357 Unionists carry Congressional elections, 315 United States Bank, 195 Unlawfully deprived of liberty, 155 University of Louisville, 417
Unsavory "Music Hall Convention,"' 509
Victory of General Wayne, 128 Vincennes capitulates, 54 Virginia Ancestors, 585
Virginia adopts new measure, 99
Virginia alone adopted similar resolutions, 160 Virginia assents to separation, 96
Virginia 's gift to the Union, 86
Virginia Peace Conference supported by Kentucky, 301
Virginia, Texas and Tennessee governors from Ken- tucky, 518
Voltigenr Regiment, 591 Volunteer Army field staff, 592
Volunteer Regiments in Mexican War, 592 Voting 2,000 acres to Boone, 29
Walker, Dr. Thomas, 2, 575 Walker narrative, 19
"Walnut Cliff Farm, "' 568 War vs. Exploration, 5 War of 1812, 196, 211, 229 Ward, William T., 270 Warner, Dr. George M., 581 Washington connty, 135
Washington, Gen. George, 3, 97, 142; again com- mander-in-chief, 168; neutrality proclamation, 130 Watterson, Henry, 562, 563 Wayne, Gen. Anthony, 126, 132; gives British offi- cer light, 127
"Western American, " 556 Western Baptist Theological Institute, 420 Western Coalfield, 522, 526, 529
"Western Courier, '' 556
"Western Journal of Medicine,"' 572 Western Kentucky Asylum for the Insane, 447 Western Governors from Kentucky, 518
West Virginia, 87 Whalen, Father Charles, 458
Whig Party, death of, 249 White men penetrate the interior, 2
Wickliffe, Charles A., 257
Wickliffe, J. Crepps, 257
Wickliffe, Robert, 257
Wildeat banks, 250 Wilder, Colonel, surrender of, 339
Wilkinson, Gen. James, 92, 95, 101, 104, 117; and a free Mississippi, 114; designs of, 111; founds tobacco trade, 105; the discord sower, 101; stum- bling block of, 103 Williams, Colonel John S., 270, 317
Williams, "Cerro Gordo, " 269
Winchester, General, 205
Winter of 1779, 66
Wolford, Col. Frank, 302, 379
Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 447
Woman's Christian Temperance Union Settlement School, 448 Women's Clubs, Kentucky Federation of, 448 Women 'of Bryan Station, 446 Woodford county, 135 Word "Transylvania, " 425
Yandell, Dr. David Wendell, 577
Yandell, Dr. Lunsford P., Sr., 581 Yandell, Dr. Lunsford Pitts, 580 "Yankee" school teachers, 407 Years preceding the Civil War, 290
Young Kentucky, famous resolutions of, 145
History of Kentucky and Kentuckians
CHAPTER I.
LA SALLE DISCOVERS KENTUCKY SHORES-"RAPIDS" OF THE OHIO-CAPT. BATTS "TRAC- ING A PATHWAY"-THROUGH CUMBERLAND GAP-PENETRATING THE INTERIOR-FIRST KENTUCKY DWELLING GIST AND THE OHIO COMPANY-DINWIDDIE HALTS THE FRENCH-WASHINGTON ON THE SCENE-INDIANS' "HAPPY HUNTING GROUND" ___ ORIGIN OF THE NAME, KENTUCKY.
The dominant desire of the Anglo-Saxon has been from immemorial time the acquisi- tion of land and following the "Star of Em- pire," his course has been ever to the west- ward. Not the Anglo-Saxon alone has felt this impulse, but the men of all civilized lands, though the former has been most persistent and therefore, most fortunate.
When Kentucky was an unknown land, men of the old world were discussing and somne of them were seeking a waterway from the At- lantic to the Pacific which they imagined lay across what we now know to be the wide prairies and lofty mountains of our western domain. The search for a western passage to the Pacific and all that lay beyond, led the Chevalier Robert de La Salle, an adventurous Frenchman, to lead an expedition westward and so far as records exist, he was the first white man to pass down the Ohio river which he entered from the Allegheny. He is be- lieved to have been the first man of the white race to see the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville. Col. Reuben T. Durrett, whose very name spells Kentucky history, and to whom the Vol. I-1.
state owes more than to all other of her sons, the collecting and preserving of the records of her beginning and her progress, says of La Salle in the "Centenary of Kentucky :" "In making the long journey he was the dis- coverer of Kentucky from the Big Sandy to the Rapids of the Ohio, and was the first white man whose eyes looked eastward from the beautiful river to the Blue Grass land, which forms the Garden Spot of the state."
It will be noted that Col. Durrett writes of the "Rapids of the Ohio," rather than of the more commonly accepted term "The Falls of the Ohio," thus even in minor matters evinc- ing the devotion to exact description that has characterized his historical researches and statements. The term "falls" denotes a condi- tion that is not fairly descriptive of the inter- ruption to the steady flow of the Ohio at Louisville, while the word "rapids" is not only exact but strictly correct. The "Falls of the Ohio" have, however, been so long accepted, and Louisville so widely known as the "Falls City,' that it were vain to seek a change in phraseology. Even the more modern and
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HISTORY OF KENTUCKY AND KENTUCKIANS
strictly correct term of "Gateway to the South' bestowed by former President Roose- velt, has not served to displace the ancient designation hallowed by long usage. Whether one accept the old or the new designation, none can deny that as falls or rapids the set- tlement thereabout played a leading part in the drama which culminated in the winning of the west and giving to the Union an imperial domain which at times, it seemed had been destined to become either French or English territory.
There is a tradition that Capt. Thomas Batts was once sent from Virginia by General Abram Wood to search for the supposed river which flowed to the Pacific, but it is not known that he reached Kentucky. McElroy in the latest historical sketch of Kentucky, gives Batts credit for "at least tracing the pathway from the old settlements of Virginia to the trackless wilderness beyond the moun- tains." This would seem to have brought him very near to Kentucky, if not within its boun- dary ; but no practical results from his explo- ration beyond "tracing a pathway" are ap- parent in the history of that early day.
The first organized effort to locate lands in Kentucky was probably made by a company led by Dr. Thomas Walker, who in March, 1750, left their homes in Virginia and, reach- ing a pass in the Appalachian range of moun- tains, came into Kentucky, giving to the pass the name of Cumberland Gap, by which it has since been known and under which name it finds its place in the history of the War be- tween the States-having been variously oc- cupied by Federal and Confederate troops as one of the chief gateways between the warring sections.
Hitherto, adventurers into the unknown land of Kentucky had confined themselves to the vicinity of the Ohio river and Captain Walker and his associates were, so far as his- tory and tradition extend, the first white men to penetrate the interior of the new land.
Those with Walker were, according to one authority, Ambrose Powell, William Tomlin- son, Colby Chew, Henry Lawless and John Hughes; but Col. Durrett in the "Centenary of Kentucky" omits the names of Lawless and Hughes, adding that only the names of Powell, Chew and Tomlinson have been pre- served.
With a strong predilection in favor of the correctness of all of Col. Durrett's state- ments, it is not vitally material in this instance that all the names of Walker's followers should be stated. It is indisputable that Walker was the leader, and that is the impor- tant fact. This party cleared a body of land near where the town of Barboursville in Knox county is now located, and built there a log cabin, the first dwelling for white men ever erected in what is now. Kentucky. The date of construction of this historic cabin was April 25, 1750. Five days afterward, the cabin appears to have been deserted, owing to fear of the Indians whose hunting parties swarmed in the wilderness about them. The party is believed to have immediately returned to Virginia, without practical results follow- ing their visit other than having marked an epoch by having erected the first habitation for civilized man in what was later to become the populous state of Kentucky.
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