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Gc 974.4 H25h v.5 447383
PUBLIC LIBRARY FORT WAYNE & ALLEN CO., IND.
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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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COMMONWEALTH HISTORY F MASSADAUSETTS
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TWENTIETH L
MPANY
CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT From a photograph by Garo, Boston
COMMONWEALTH HISTORY of
MASSACHUSETTS
EDITED BY ALBERT BUSHNELL HART
A. B., LITT. D., LL. D., PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF GOVERNMENT, HARVARD UNIVERSITY ; MEMBER OF MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY; HISTORIAN OF THE UNITED STATES GEORGE WASHINGTON BICENTENARY COMMISSION ; DESCENDANT OF STEPHEN HART, FREEMAN OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY IN 1634
VOLUME FIFTH
TWENTIETH CENTURY MASSACHUSETTS. [1889-1930]
:GV
-
THE STATES HISTORY COMPANY 156 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK 1930
COPYRIGHT 1930 BY THE STATES HISTORY COMPANY
Printed in the United States of America
447383
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
THE GENERAL COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS (1890-1930)
By Frank E. Bridgman
1
THE GENERAL COURT TODAY
1
SENATE AND HOUSE CHAMBERS
1
MODERN METHODS
2
ORGANIZATION
2
RESOLUTIONS AND ORDERS
3
PAIRS AND PETITION .
4
METHODS OF ELECTING THE SPEAKER
4
SELECTION OF CHAPLAIN
5
FIRST DAY'S BUSINESS
6
ADVANCE PRINTING
6
READING OF PAPERS
7
PETITIONERS AND FILING FEES
7
SPEEDY LEGISLATION IN THE SPANISH WAR (1898)
8
QUESTIONS' OF ORDER
10
VOLUME OF LEGISLATIVE BUSINESS
13
IMPEACHMENT PROCEEDINGS
14
CHANGE IN THE QUORUM
15
CONSTITUTIONAL RECESSES
16
THE GOVERNOR IN LEGISLATION
17
APPROPRIATION BILLS AND THE BUDGET
18
EFFECT OF BIENNIAL ELECTIONS
18
PROCEDURE UNDER DIRECT LEGISLATION
19
EMERGENCY LEGISLATION
21
LONG TERMS OF SERVICE
22
QUALITY OF MEMBERSHIP
22
LATER PUBLIC SERVICE
23
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER II
PROBLEMS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT (1890-1930)
By William E. Dorman . 28
CONSTITUTIONAL REORGANIZATION OF 1918 28
THE FOURTH DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT 29
MORE RECENT ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES (1900-1914) 30
BEGINNINGS IN REORGANIZATION (1879-1918)
30
THE COMMISSION ON ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY (1910-1914) .
REORGANIZATION BY POPULAR MANDATE (1917-1919)
COMMISSION ON ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE (1921-1930)
32
DIRECT LEGISLATION-SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONS TO THE
34
VOTERS (1881-1916)
PUBLIC OPINION LAW (1913-1920)
35
iii
DEC 2 6 1940
Atter.
WOMEN LEGISLATORS
12
COMMITTEE SYSTEM
12
LENGTH OF SESSIONS
14
MILEAGE AND SALARIES
9
2.00
25
31
31
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPLICATION OF THE INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM (1919-1930) 36
EFFECT OF INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM (1919-1930) 38
THE EXECUTIVE VETO 38
EFFECT OF APPOINTING POWER OF THE GOVERNOR ·
40
THE GENERAL COURT : GENERAL AND SPECIAL LAWS 41
CONTINUOUS CONSOLIDATION OF THE GENERAL LAWS (1882-
1930)
UNIFORM STATE LAWS (1891-1930)
43
SUNDAY LAWS (1904-1930)
45
PRESENT SUNDAY PRIVILEGES (1692-1900)
46
CIVIL SERVICE AND THE MERIT SYSTEM (1884-1930)
47
EXTENSION OF THE CIVIL SERVICE LAWS (1887-1929)
47
PREFERENCES AND REMOVALS (1896-1911)
48
RECORD OF PUBLIC CHARITIES (1863-1929)
49 50
POOR RELIEF
.
51
NEW TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS (1847-1927)
52
PRISON CONDITIONS (1919-1930)
53
CRIMINAL PSYCHIATRY AND PENOLOGY (1904-1924)
54
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MENTALLY DISEASED (1676-1886)
55
REFORM OF CARE OF THE INSANE (1898-1904)
56
PSYCHOPATHIC PATIENTS AND FEEBLE-MINDED (1909-1922) 57
SUMMARY OF STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR THE DEPENDENT (1900- 1930)
58
CONTROL OF MOTOR VEHICLES (1903-1929) ·
60
AUTHORIZATION OF STATE HIGHWAYS (1803)
61
CONSTRUCTION OF STATE HIGHWAYS (1894-1928)
62
PROBLEMS OF HIGHWAY SAFETY (1903-1929)
63
COMPULSORY MOTOR-VEHICLE INSURANCE (1925-1929) 64
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
65
CHAPTER III
BOSTON-THE MUNICIPALITY (1890-1930)
By Andrew J. Peters · 68
RELATION OF THE STATE TO THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF BOSTON
STATE CONTROL OF POLICE 69
ANNEXATIONS TO BOSTON (1868-1909)
70
CHARTERS (1822-1885)
70
THE CHARTER OF 1909
71
RACE ELEMENTS IN THE POPULATION
72
METROPOLITAN BOSTON
73
CONTROL BY THE COMMONWEALTH
74 75
WATER SUPPLY AND SCHOOLS
76
MAYORS CURTIS, QUINCY AND HART (1895-1902)
76
MAYORS COLLINS, FITZGERALD AND HIBBARD (1903-1909) 77
MAYORS CURLEY AND PETERS (1914-1922)
78
MAYORS CURLEY AND NICHOLS (1922-1929)
79
THE GOOD GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION (1902-1930) 81
80
THE FINANCE COMMISSION (1907-1930)
82
CHARTER REVISION OF 1924
83
THE SEGREGATED BUDGET (1915) 84
ADMINISTRATION OF THE BOSTON SCHOOLS (1890-1930)
84
WATER SUPPLY (1893-1930) 85
SEWERAGE (1890-1930) 86
.
.
42
CHILD LEGISLATION (1890-1929)
51
PRISON REFORM AND PENOLOGY (1847-1870) . ·
· 68
MAYOR MATTHEWS (1890-1894)
THE MAYOR UNDER THE CHARTER OF 1909
TABLE OF CONTENTS
V
BOSTON BENEVOLENT FUNDS (1790-1930)
87
CITY PLANNING (1870-1930) 88
BRIDGES AND TUNNELS (1890-1930)
89
THE PARKS (1875-1930) .
90
FIRE AND POLICE SERVICE (1895-1927)
91
THE PUBLIC HEALTH (1876-1930)
92
93
PROGRESS OF CITY GOVERNMENT IN 1930)
94
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
96
CHAPTER IV
BENCH AND BAR IN MASSACHUSETTS (1889-1929)
By Robert Grant
99
STATUS OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION ·
99
STANDARDS OF ADMISSION TO THE BAR
100
THE BAR (1889-1929) 101
RACE ELEMENTS IN THE BAR 102
103
ADMISSION TO THE BAR (1780-1901)
103
REVISED REQUIREMENTS (1904-1929) 104
106
MODERN HARVARD LAW SCHOOL (1870-1930)
106
BOSTON UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL (1872-1930) 108
OTHER BOSTON LAW SCHOOLS (1906-1930) 108
110
MASSACHUSETTS BAR ASSOCIATION (1909-1930)
111
ORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS (1889-1930) 112
113
JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME JUDICIAL AND SUPERIOR COURTS (1890-1930)
114
PROBATE COURTS (1919-1930) .
115
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF MASSACHUSETTS
(1924-1930) 117
118
TENDENCIES IN LITIGATION
120
AUTOMOBILE CASES
120
INHERITANCE AND INCOME TAXES
121
TRIALS OF PROSECUTING OFFICIALS (1921)
124
SACCO-VANZETTI CASE (1920-1927)
126
GOVERNOR'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE SACCO-VANZETTI
127
CASE (1927)
CRITICISMS OF THE SACCO-VANZETTI DECISION
128
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
129
CHAPTER V
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WEST 132
By Charles F. Thwing .
WEST AND EAST (1628-1786)
132
THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT (1786-1800)
132
THE ORDINANCE OF 1787 .
133
SERVICE OF NATHAN DANE (1782-1835)
134
SERVICE OF MANASSEH CUTLER (1787)
135
.
.
.
122
WILLETT CASE (1921-1924)
125
OTHER COURTS (1912-1930)
116
TENURE OF OFFICE AND EMOLUMENTS OF JUDGES
FAMOUS MURDER CASES ·
THE POLICE STRIKE OF 1919 . MASSACHUSETTS (1890-
LARGE FIRMS AND PRACTITIONERS
LAW AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY (1815-1870)
ASSOCIATIONS OF LAWYERS (1761-1930)
THE SUPERIOR COURT (1890-1930)
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHARACTER OF THE NORTHWESTERN SETTLERS (1787-1850) 136 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY (1787-1800) 137 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE WEST (1790-
1850) .
138
SPREAD OF MASSACHUSETTS' THEOLOGY (1787-1850) .
140
WORK OF THE BEECHERS (1832-1860)
141
OTHER RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES (1830-1850)
142
EDUCATIONAL TRADITIONS (1689-1789)
143
INFLUENCES OF HORACE MANN (1830-1853)
144
INFLUENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE WEST (1800-1930) . 145
YALE AND HARVARD 146
REFORM MOVEMENTS (1830-1860)
147
MASSACHUSETTS IN KANSAS (1854-1860)
148
INFLUENCE ON SCIENCE
149 150
LITERARY INFLUENCE
151
MEDICINE AND LAW
152
JOURNALISM AND JOURNALISTS
153
LIBRARIANSHIP
154
ARCHITECTURE
157
WESTERN RAILROADS
158
WESTERN RAILROAD MANAGERS
159
FINANCIAL AND OPERATIVE FORCES
160
THE UNION PACIFIC
161
CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS
162
MINING INTERESTS
163
THE AGASSIZ FAMILY
163
MASSACHUSETTS INFLUENCE SUMMARIZED 164
165
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER VI
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL READJUSTMENTS (1889-1929)
By Michael E. Hennessy .
168
ADVANCE OF MASSACHUSETTS (1889-1929) 168
A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNOR (1890-1891) 169
RUSSELL'S POPULARITY (1891-1893) 170
GOVERNOR RUSSELL AND THE LEGISLATURE (1891-1893) 171
MASSACHUSETTS IN WASHINGTON (1889-1895)
171
EFFECT OF THE FREE-SILVER CONTROVERSY (1896)
173
THE WOLCOTT ADMINISTRATION (1896-1898)
175
THE BATES ADMINISTRATION (1903-1904)
175
SENATOR HOAR
177
HEARST IN MASSACHUSETTS POLITICS (1906) 177
178
MASSACHUSETTS IN THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN (1908)
179
NEW FIGURES IN MASSACHUSETTS POLITICS (1909)
180
GOVERNOR Foss (1910)
181
THE LODGE CONTROVERSY (1911) 182
182
LOCAL CONTROVERSY (1911) . .
. (1912) 183
184
MASSACHUSETTS PROGRESSIVES (1912)
FOSS BREAKS WITH THE DEMOCRATS (1913) 185
WALSH THE FIRST CATHOLIC GOVERNOR (1913)
186
FIRST FOREIGN-BORN STATE GOVERNOR (1893-1894)
172
174
GOVERNOR CRANE (1899-1902)
176
BARTLETT-GUILD CONTEST (1905)
WHITNEY-GUILD CAMPAIGN (1907)
BATTLE FOR MASSACHUSETTS DELEGATION
156
ART MUSEUMS AND EXPERTS
ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
GOVERNOR MCCALL (1915-1917)
187
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (1917-1919)
188
GOVERNOR COOLIDGE (1918-1920)
189
THE BOSTON POLICE STRIKE (1920)
190
CALVIN COOLIDGE, VICE PRESIDENT
191
THE THIRD MASSACHUSETTS PRESIDENT (1922-1929)
192
GOVERNOR COX
192
END OF THE LODGE REGIME (1924)
193
FULLER'S COURAGE TESTED (1927) 194
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
196
CHAPTER VII
THE WOMAN MOVEMENT IN MASSACHUSETTS (1830- 1930)
By Mrs. Frederick P. Bagley
199
TRADITIONS (1783-1850)
199
WOMEN AGITATORS (1830-1890)
200
WOMAN SUFFRAGE (1859-1919)
202
NINETEENTH-CENTURY CHAMPIONS (1830-1890)
203
SUSAN B. ANTHONY
203
LUCY STONE
204
MARY A. LIVERMORE
205
JULIA WARD HOWE 205
ALICE STONE BLACKWELL 206
HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN (1830-1880)
206
MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE (1893-1930)
206
BOSTON UNIVERSITY (1869-1930)
207
SMITH COLLEGE (1876-1930)
207
RADCLIFFE COLLEGE (1876-1930)
207
SIMMONS COLLEGE (1893-1930)
208
WHEATON COLLEGE (1834-1930)
209
NEW TYPES OF CHILD EDUCATION
(1868-1930)
209
THE CAREER OF HELEN KELLER
210
MODERN WOMAN
211
AMERICANIZATION IN MASSACHUSETTS
(1914-1930) 211
212
RELIGIOUS LEADERS
213
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE
213
THE PROFESSIONS 214
214
SCIENCE
216
MEDICINE
216
MEDICAL INSTRUCTION
(1907-1930)
217
AVIATION
LITERATURE
219
THE ARTS
219
ART COLLECTIONS
221
INDUSTRY .
221
NATIONAL SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT
222
CAMPAIGN FOR RATIFICATION OF THE SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT (1919-1920)
223
MASSACHUSETTS RATIFICATION OF THE SUFFRAGE AMENDMENT (1920) 224
FEDERAL OFFICIALS (1920-1930)
225
TUBERCULOSIS EDUCATION
218
218
SCULPTORS AND PAINTERS
220
THE SUFFRAGE CONTROVERSY (1870-1912)
209
WOMEN'S CLUBS (1870-1930)
SOCIAL REFORM
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IN CONGRESS (1920-1930) 226
MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COURT (1920-1930)
226
JUDICIAL OFFICIALS (1920-1930) 227
PUBLICISTS
227
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
228
THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE MOVEMENT
229
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
230
CHAPTER VIII
EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN MASSACHUSETTS (1890- 1930)
By H. W. Tyler 233
ANTECEDENTS AND CONDITIONS ·
233
EDUCATIONAL COMMISSIONS (1891-1909) 234
LATER COMMISSIONS (1918-1928) 235 . ·
EFFECT OF THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE (1889-1929) 236
PUBLIC ORGANIZATION AND SUPERVISION OF EDUCATION 237
STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (1909-1930) 237
SCHOOL BOARDS AND SUPERINTENDENTS 238
238
HEALTH IN EDUCATION
STATE EDUCATIONAL AID AND CONTROL (1919) 239
240
ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
241
SCIENCE IN GENERAL EDUCATION
242
REACTION OF COLLEGE REQUIREMENTS ON THE CURRICULUM
244
TEXTBOOKS
244
MENTAL TESTS OF PUPILS
246
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
247
JUNIOR COLLEGES
247
UNIVERSITY EXTENSION (1915-1930)
248
NEWER TYPES OF SCHOOLS
248
NORMAL SCHOOL TRAINING
249
ASSOCIATIONS OF TEACHERS
250
VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
251
PRINCIPLES OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
252
OTHER VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS
253
FRANKLIN UNION (1906-1930)
253
WENTWORTH INSTITUTE (1904-1930)
254
LOWELL INSTITUTE SCHOOL FOR INDUSTRIAL FOREMEN 1930)
(1896-
255
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GENERAL
255
TRANSFORMATION OF THE OLD LINE COLLEGES
255
CLARK UNIVERSITY (1888-1930)
257
COLLEGES FOR WOMEN
257
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ·
258
EDUCATION FOR BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS 259 260
LAWRENCE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL (1862-1930) POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTES 261
MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE (1867-1930) 261
NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY (1896-1930) 262
LOWELL TEXTILE INSTITUTE 262
RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCE
262
SCHOOLS FOR THE DEFECTIVE
239
STATISTICS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE (1890-1930)
SCHOOLS' 243
245
STUDENT ACTIVITIES IN MASSACHUSETTS HIGH SCHOOLS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS 263
SCIENCE AND INVENTION 263
NEW ENGLAND CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC 265 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL SERVICE OF MASSACHUSETTS 265
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
265
CHAPTER IX
LIBRARIES PUBLIC AND PRIVATE (1890-1928)
By Charles F. D. Belden . 267
CONDITIONS FORTY YEARS AGO 267
OUTSIDE INFLUENCE OF MASSACHUSETTS 268
RISE OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY (1852-1895) 269
CONTENTS AND CIRCULATION . 269
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY COLLECTIONS 270
STATE LIBRARY OF MASSACHUSETTS (1826-1930)
272
MASSACHUSETTS STATE ARCHIVES (1821-1930)
273
TOWN LIBRARIES IN 1890
274
FREE PUBLIC LIBRARY COMMISSION (1890-1925)
274
A FREE LIBRARY IN EVERY TOWN (1890-1930)
275
HELPING THE SMALL LIBRARIES (1900-1930)
276
LIBRARY WORK WITH SCHOOLS, CHILDREN AND FOREIGNERS
. 278
LIBRARY BUILDINGS ·
279
HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (1636-1930) 279
HARVARD SPECIAL LIBRARIES .
.
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY (1865-
1930)
COLLEGE LIBRARIES .
283
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
(1780-1930) 286
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY (1790-1930)
286
AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY (1812-1930)
286
SOCIAL LAW LIBRARY (1804-1930)
288
THEOLOGICAL LIBRARIES ·
289
LIBRARIES OF CLUBS, SOCIETIES AND MUSEUMS
290
SPECIAL LIBRARIES OF BUSINESS FIRMS 290
EMINENT LIBRARIANS
291
PUBLIC SERVICE OF LIBRARIES TO MASSACHUSETTS
292
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
293
CHAPTER X
CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT, EDUCATOR OF THE COM- MUNITY (1834-1927)
295
THE FIVE PROTAGONISTS
295
THE BOY ELIOT (1834-1849)
295
THE HARVARD STUDENT AND TEACHER . (1849-1858) 296
APPROACH TO THE PRESIDENCY OF HARVARD (1858-1869)
297
HARVARD APATHY (1869)
299
EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS IN MASSACHUSETTS (1869) 300
300
THE PRESIDENTIAL TASK (1869)
301
THE ICONOCLASTIC PRESIDENT (1869-1880)
302
THE HUMAN ELEMENT IN THE ELIOT REFORM
(1869-1880) 303
THE PRESIDENT IN THE FACULTY
303
280
282
BOSTON ATHENAEUM (1807-1930)
284
SPECIAL SOCIETIES
287
By Albert Bushnell Hart
STATUS OF HARVARD (1869)
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ELIOT HUMOR
304
NATIONAL EDUCATION REFORM
(1869-1909)
305
ELIOT'S PERSONALITY
306
HOME AND FAMILY
307
A NATIONAL CHARACTER
308
ORIGIN OF THE ELECTIVE SYSTEM
310
CHAMPIONSHIP OF THE ELECTIVE SYSTEM
(1869-1909)
310
SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS AND COLLECTIONS
312
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS
312
SEMINARY COURSES
314
INTERUNIVERSITY RELATIONS
315
WOMEN'S EDUCATION .
.
317
THE COMMITTEE OF TEN (1892)
318
EFFECT ON SECONDARY EDUCATION
318
INTEREST IN LOWER SCHOOLS
319
ELIOT AS A DEMOCRAT
320
ELIOT AS A LITERARY MAN
321
ELIOT THE SEER
322
CLIMAX OF THE NINETIETH BIRTHDAY
(1924)
323
THE GIFT TO MASSACHUSETTS
325
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
326
CHAPTER XI
PUBLIC FINANCE OF MASSACHUSETTS (1890-1930)
By James J. Phelan and Donald G. Robbins
329
THE STATE DEBT (1877-1917)
329
STATE AND LOCAL IMPROVEMENTS (1890-1915) 329
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS (1876-1915)
331
WATER SYSTEMS (1846-1915)
331
PUBLIC PARKS (1875-1917)
332
TOTAL STATE EXPENDITURE (1890-1915) 333
333
WORLD WAR BONDS
334
LATER FINANCES (1918-1929)
334
GROWTH OF A BUDGET SYSTEM (1691-1910)
336
EARLY BUDGET MACHINERY (1910-1918)
336
BUDGETARY IMPROVEMENT (1918-1930)
337
MUNICIPAL FINANCE (1890-1915)
339
INCREASING LOCAL EXPENDITURES (1915-1930)
340
EARLY MASSACHUSETTS BANKS (1784-1865)
341
EARLY SAVINGS BANKS (1816-1865)
342
RISE OF TRUST COMPANIES (1865-1889)
342
BANK CONSOLIDATIONS (1898-1908)
343
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (1914-1930)
345
TRUST COMPANY REGULATION (1865-1930)
346
FIRST NATIONAL-OLD COLONY TRUST COMBINATION
(1929) . 347
348
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK
349
WORLD WAR FINANCE (1917-1920)
349
BOSTON CLEARING HOUSE (1856-1928)
350
SAVINGS BANK PRACTICE (1865-1930)
351
SECURITY OF SAVINGS BANKS (1830-1930) 352
COOPERATIVE BANKS (1877-1929) 353
CREDIT UNIONS (1909-1929) 354
REGULATION OF DEPOSIT CONCERNS (1902-1921)
354
GROUP BANKING
338
TAXATION OF INTANGIBLES (1915-1930)
DIRECT STATE TAXES (1860-1915)
315
INFLUENCE OF HARVARD ON SECONDARY EDUCATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS xi
SUMMARY OF BANK ACTIVITIES (1929) 355
SUMMARY OF BANK STATISTICS (1899-1929) 355
FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANIES (1795-1930) 356
LIFE INSURANCE (1818-1930) 357
EARLY FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE LEGISLATION · ·
(1807-1860) 357
NON-FORFEITURE LIFE INSURANCE (1861-1899) 358
SAVINGS BANK INSURANCE (1907-1930) 359
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION INSURANCE (1911-1930) 359
AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE (1925) 360
GROWTH OF INSURANCE (1889-1928)
360
REGULATION OF PUBLIC UTILITIES
362
RAILROAD AND PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (1909-1919)
362
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES (1919-1930)
363
INVESTMENT BANKING 364
FINANCIAL JOURNALISM (1859-1930) 366
CREDIT STANDING (1861-1930)
366
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
367
CHAPTER XII
TWENTIETH-CENTURY MANUFACTURES (1890-1930)
370
EXPANSION IN MODERN MACHINERY
370
NEW TYPES OF MACHINES (1885-1930) 371
NEW FORMS OF POWER (1895-1919) 372
WOOLENS AND SILKS (1890-1930) 374
MODERN TEXTILE PROBLEMS (1895-1930)
374
IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES
374
SOUTHERN COMPETITION (1893-1930)
375
THE MACHINE AGE IN SHOEMAKING (1890-1910) 376
EXTERNAL COMPETITION IN THE SHOE TRADE
377
LABOR CONDITIONS IN THE SHOE INDUSTRY (1880-1930) 378
379
TOOLS (1867-1920)
MACHINE TOOLS (1890-1910) 381
WORCESTER MACHINERY PRODUCTS
382
THE PAPER TRADE (1889-1930)
383
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY (1883-1930)
385
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (1890-1930)
387
CONFECTIONERY (1893-1930) 389
389
TRANSFORMED INDUSTRIES (1895-1930)
390
EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL INVESTMENT (1890-1922)
392
EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC POWER (1890-1930) 392
EFFECTS OF THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF (1890-1909) 393
PROSPERITY OF MANUFACTURERS (1909-1929) 395
395
STATUS OF LABOR (1890-1930)
397
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER XIII
TRANSPORTATION IN MASSACHUSETTS (1890-1930) 399
By William J. Cunningham
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF TRANSPORTATION 399
ALTERATIONS IN RAILROAD STATUS (1890-1930) 399
384
THE RUBBER INDUSTRY (1896-1930)
386
SHIPBUILDING (1898-1930)
VARIOUS MANUFACTURES (1860-1930)
SHOE DISTRIBUTION AND CONDITIONS (1890-1930)
380
By John Winthrop Hammond
xii TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHANGES IN MILEAGE AND CORPORATE CONTROL (1890-1930) 400
BOSTON & ALBANY (1890-1900) 401
BOSTON & MAINE (1890-1900) 401
NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN & HARTFORD (1890-1900) 402
RAILROAD MANAGEMENT (1901 to 1917) 404
BOSTON & ALBANY IN TROUBLE (1901-1917) 405
CHANGES IN BOSTON & MAINE (1901-1917) 406
REORGANIZATION OF THE NEW HAVEN (1901-1917) 409
INVESTIGATION BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT (1914) 410
NEW ENGLAND RAILROADS DURING THE WORLD WAR (1917- 1919)
411
THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD (1920-1928) 413
THE DISTRICT PLAN (1923) ·
414
REHABILITATION OF THE ROADS (1924-1930)
415
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT (1890-1930)
417
STATIONS AND TERMINALS (1890-1930)
417
WATER TRANSPORTATION (1890-1930)
418
THE PORT OF BOSTON 420
TRANSPORTATION BY AIR 422
COMPETITION FOR HIGHWAYS TRAFFIC (1890-1930) 422
URBAN, SUBURBAN, AND INTERURBAN TRANSPORTATION 424
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
426
CHAPTER XIV
LABOR AND THE LABOR MOVEMENT (1860-1930)
By George W. Coleman
429
TRANSFORMATION OF MASSACHUSETTS (1830-1880) 429
FOUR BASAL INDUSTRIES 430
DEMAND FOR LABOR (1830-1930) 431
RACE ELEMENTS 432
ERA OF THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR (1880-1885) 433
DECLINE OF THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR (1885-1900) 433
BOOT AND SHOE WORKERS UNION (1900-1930) 434
UNIONS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (1889-1910) 435
THE UNITED TEXTILE WORKERS (1901-1920)
436
LAWRENCE TEXTILE STRIKE (1912)
436
EFFECT OF THE LAWRENCE STRIKE ON THE 1913) 437
DIFFICULTIES OF THE I. W. W. (1910-1927)
438
THE PAPER INDUSTRY ·
438
SPIRIT OF LABOR IN MASSACHUSETTS
439
OUTCOME OF LABOR CONTROVERSIE
440
STATISTICS OF STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS (1887-1912) 440
441
MASSACHUSETTS BOARD OF CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION (1886-1930) .
441
. METHODS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS ARBITRATION BOARD .
442
Ex PARTE INVESTIGATIONS BY THE BOARD (1912) 443
ADVANTAGES OF THE MASSACHUSETTS ARBITRATION SYSTEM 444
EXTRA-OFFICIAL AGENCIES 444
MEN, WOMEN AND MINOR WORKERS IN MASSACHUSETTS 445
PUBLIC LABOR BUREAUS (1869-1930)
445
TEN LEADING INDUSTRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1909
446
TEN LEADING INDUSTRIES IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 1919 .
OTHER LEGAL REGULATIONS OF LABOR 447
PRINCIPLES OF MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS 447
I. W. W. (1912-
TABLE OF MASSACHUSETTS STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS (1887-1929)
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii
MASSACHUSETTS MINIMUM-WAGE LAW
448
HOURS OF LABOR (1842-1930) 448
PROTECTION OF LIFE AND HEALTH (1890-1930) 449
PROSPECTS FOR MASSACHUSETTS LABOR
450
PERMANENT ADVANTAGES OF MASSACHUSETTS
451
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
452
CHAPTER XV
RELIGIOUS FORCES (1889-1929)
By Rt. Rev. Charles Lewis Slattery, D.D. 455
MAGNITUDE OF THE SUBJECT
455
THE CONGREGATIONALISTS
456
CONGREGATIONAL SEMINARIES
456
THE METHODISTS
457
MORGAN MEMORIAL
458
THE BAPTISTS .
460
THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH
461
THE EPISCOPAL CLERGY
462
THE UNITARIANS 463
THE EDUCATORS
465
THE UNIVERSALISTS
466
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENTISTS
467
THE SWEDENBORGIANS
468
THE PRESBYTERIANS
470
THE SALVATION ARMY
470
THE ROMAN CATHOLICS
471
THE JEWS
473
THE RELIGIOUS TREND
474
CHURCH UNITY 475
MYSTICISM
476
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
476
CHAPTER XVI
PRESS AND PUBLICATIONS (1889-1929)
By Willis J. Abbot
479
TURN OF THE TIDE
479
THE SPRINGFIELD REPUBLICAN
480
THE BOSTON TRANSCRIPT 481
THE ADVERTISER, AMERICAN, AND POST
482
THE NEWSPAPER REVOLUTION (1880-1930) .
483
THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR (1908-1930)
484
THE ATLANTIC MONTHLY (1857-1930)
486
THE LIVING AGE (1844-1930)
488
JUVENILES (1827-1927)
489
NEW ENGLAND MAGAZINE AND ARENA (1890-1909) 490
SOCIAL BASIS OF MASSACHUSETTS
491
RELIGIOUS PERIODICALS (1816-1930)
492
EARLY BOOKSELLING 494
PRESENT-DAY BOOK SHOPS
495
BOOK BUYERS
496
THE GLOBE AND HERALD
482
NOTABLE PAPERS
485
PERIODICALS
485
xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS
PUBLISHERS
FAMOUS PUBLISHING FIRMS (1828-1930)
497
EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING
MUSIC PUBLISHING (1835-1930)
499
PRESENT OUTPUT OF LITERATURE
500
COMMERCIAL AND TECHNICAL JOURNALS
501
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER XVII
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN MASSACHUSETTS
By Rev. Robert Howard Lord, Ph.D.
504
Two ASPECTS OF THE SUBJECT
504
COLONIAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS CATHOLICISM (1630-1775) 505
ANTI-CATHOLIC LEGISLATION (1647-1700) 507
CATHOLIC CLERGY IN MASSACHUSETTS (1643-1674)
508
CATHOLIC IMMIGRANTS (1640-1772)
508
THE ACADIANS (1755-1775)
509
RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION FOR CATHOLICS
510
(1775-1801) . ·
.
THE FIRST CATHOLIC PARISH (1788-1792) 510
MATIGNON AND CHEVERUS (1792-1823)
512
THE FIRST CATHEDRAL (1803)
512
THE FIRST BISHOP OF BOSTON (1808-1823)
513
INFLUENCE OF CHEVERUS (1808-1823)
515
THE NATIVIST MOVEMENT (1829-1840)
517
EFFECTS OF THE DESTRUCTION OF THE CONVENT (1834-1835)
THE DARKEST YEARS (1834-1837)
520
THE AGE OF THE PIONEER PRIESTS (1830-1860) 521
523
BISHOP FITZPATRICK (1846-1866)
524
KNOW-NOTHING TIMES (1854-1860)
526
ARCHBISHOP WILLIAMS (1866-1907)
527
THE SCHOOL QUESTION (1888-1889)
CARDINAL O'CONNELL, SECOND ARCHBISHOP OF BOSTON (1907) 529
MATERIAL PROGRESS (1907-1930) 530
531
SPIRITUAL PROGRESS (1907-1930)
532
EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS
533
CONVERSIONS TO CATHOLICISM 534
CATHOLICS IN PUBLIC LIFE (1841-1930) 535
A PERSISTING PROBLEM 536
537
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER XVIII
MEDICINE IN MASSACHUSETTS (1620-1930)
Bay Walter L. Burrage, A.M., M.D.
539
THE TASK
SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY PRACTICIONERS 539
541
PUBLIC INTEREST .
542
THE MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY (1781-1930) ·
542
LICENSING OF PHYSICIANS (1781-1930)
543
BISHOP FENWICK (1825-1846)
516
THE BURNING OF THE URSULINE CONVENT (1834) 518
520
GROWTH OF THE CHURCH (1866-1907) 528
THE DIOCESES OF SPRINGFIELD AND FALL RIVER (1870-1930)
5,39
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MEDICINE
496
498
500
PUBLICATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
502
TABLE OF CONTENTS
XV
EARLY MEDICAL EDUCATION (1782-1860)
543
RECENT MEDICAL SCHOOLS (1914-1930)
544
NUMBER OF PHYSICIANS
545
HOSPITALS (1784-1930)
545
TRAINING OF NURSES (1872-1930)
546
MEDICAL JOURNALS (1812-1930)
547
CONTAGIOUSNESS OF PUERPERAL FEVER (1843)
548
DISCOVERY OF SURGICAL ANETHESIA (1842-1846)
548
THE TEST OF ETHERIZATION (1846)
549
APPENDICITIS (1886) . .
550
BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY (1875-1930)
551
MEDICAL EXAMINER SYSTEM (1877-1930)
552
STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH (1847-1930)
553
TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIA (1891-1930)
554
STATE DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL DISEASES
(1848-1930) 556
557
CHILD DENTISTRY
558
ORTHOPEDICS (1844-1930)
558
DIABETES (1916-1930)
560
CANCER (1889-1930)
560
MEDICAL SOCIAL SERVICE (1905-1930)
562
HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY (1914-1930)
562
LIVER DIET IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
563
SOME PROMINENT DOCTORS
564
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
567
CHAPTER XIX
THE MASSACHUSETTS MILITIA (1889-1930)
By Frederic Gilbert Bauer 570
COLONIAL MILITIA (1630-1775)
LIMITED SERVICE OF COLONIAL MILITIA
571
VOLUNTEER COMPANIES (1700-1783) 571
ADOPTION OF THE VOLUNTEER SYSTEM (1815-1865) 572
REDUCTION OF FORCE (1865-1889) 573
574
APATHY OF PREPAREDNESS (1865-1889)
575
IMPROVEMENT IN THE STATE SERVICE (1889-1898)
575
TRAINING OF THE MILITIA (1889-1898)
576
DRILLS AND PARADES (1889-1898)
577
GRADUAL IMPROVEMENT (1890-1898)
577
MASSACHUSETTS IN CALL FOR THE WAR WITH SPAIN (1898-
1899)
SECOND INFANTRY SERVICE (1898) .
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