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Lucius R. Paige
120678
HISTORY
OF
CAMBRIDGE,
MASSACHUSETTS.
1630-1877.
WITH A
GENEALOGICAL REGISTER.
BY
LUCIUS R. PAIGE.
BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. NEW YORK : HURD AND HOUGHTON. Cambridge : The Riverside Press. 1877.
COPYRIGHT, 1877, BY LUCIUS R. PAIGE.
The Riverside Press, Cambridge : Printed by H. O. Houghton and Company.
To
THE MEMBERS OF THE
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND OF THE
NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY,
This Volume
IS DEDICATED BY ITS AUTHOR,
THEIR ASSOCIATE.
PREFACE.
IN collecting materials for a History of Cambridge, I exam- ined first its Municipal Records, which are continnous from the beginning, but generally brief, and its Registry of Births and Deatlıs, which, during the second hundred years after the founda- tion of the town, is very defective. To supply what was lack- ing, I consulted such printed authorities as were accessible, together with the manuscript Records and Archives of the Com- monwealth, of the judicial courts, and of several counties, cities, towns, churches, and libraries. My thanks are due to all the custodians of such books, and records, and archives, for their uniform courtesy and kindness. I have also obtained many genealogical details from the Church Record of Baptisms and Burials, from Probate Records and Files, from inscriptions on gravestones, and from funeral sermons, and newspapers. After the expenditure of much time and labor, however, I am conscious of many deficiencies.
It will be seen that the Genealogical Register is chiefly con- fined to the families who dwelt in Cambridge before the year 1700, - the descendants of such as remained here being traced down to a recent period. A very few families are included who became residents at a later date ; but these form the exception, not the rule. So also in regard to the History, comparatively few recent events are mentioned. It would be impracticable, in a single volume, to include with our ancient annals everything which those who are now living have witnessed, and to trace the genealogy of all our nearly fifty thousand inhabitants. A line must be drawn somewhere ; but whether I have drawn it in the most proper place, there may be various opinions.
vi
PREFACE.
Moreover, the reader may be disappointed because he finds so little concerning Harvard College, and the military occupation of Cambridge, at the commencement of the Revolutionary War ; but the facts stated on pages 365 (note) and 408 are believed to justify the omission. The almost entire absence of legendary lore may be regretted ; but it should be considered, that while it may have been my misfortune, it was not my fault, that I was not born in Cambridge, and that I had no opportunity in the first thirty years of my life to gather the local traditions, which so deeply impress the youthful mind, and which tinge the facts of history with such a brilliant, though often a deceptive light. If lack of vigor and sprightliness be regarded as a serious fault of style, I may plead in extenuation, that although many of my materials were gathered long ago, I was obliged by other engage- ments, literary as well as secular, to postpone their final arrange- ment for publication, until impaired health and the infirmities of age became uncomfortably manifest.
CAMBRIDGE, March, 1877.
LUCIUS R. PAIGE.
.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
General description of the town, its several additions and diminutions PAGE
of territory. 1-5
CHAPTER II. .
The New Town selected as fit for a fortified place. General agreement to erect houses. Several Assistants fail to do so. Controversy be- tween Dudley and Winthrop. Earliest inhabitants. Canal. Pali- sade. Arrival of the Braintrec Company. Common Pales. Division of lands. Highways.
6-16
CHAPTER III.
First Constable appointed. Deputies to the first General Court. Monthly meeting. No houses to be erected without permission, nor outside of the town. All houses to be covered with slate or boards, not with thatch, and to " range even." Trecs not to be cut down and left in the highways. Cartway. Windmill-hill. Timber not to be sold out of the town. First Constable elected. Surveyor of high- ways. Lots not improved to revert to the town. First Townsmen or Selectmen. Surveyors of lands. . 17-22
CHAPTER IV.
Prosperity of the New Town. Magistrates. Courts. Dissatisfaction. John Pratt. Straitness for want of land. Exploration of other places. Debates and division in the General Court. The town ac- cepts enlargement offered by Boston and Watertown. Removal to . Hartford. Supposed personal rivalry. Names of early inhabitants. . 23-33
CHAPTER V.
Arrival of Shepard's Company, and some of their names. New Mu- nicipal Officers. New division of lands. Monthly mcctings. Ferry. Lectures. Cow Common. Goats. Herd of cows. Weir for taking alcwives. Herd on the south side of the river. Herd of swine. Fowls not permitted to enter gardens. Cartway to the weir. Pound. Stumps. Neither houses nor lands to be sold or let, without consent of the Townsmen. Strangers not to be harbored. Grant of land to
viii
CONTENTS.
the Drummer. Fort Hill. Grant of land at Vine Brook. Swine to be yoked and ringed. Apple trees and other quickset to be pre- served from damage by goats. Births, marriages, and burials to be recorded. Farms granted. Grant of money by the General Court for a College. Organization of the militia. The College to be at New Town. Marshal General. The New Town named Cambridge.
34-45 Printing-press. Bond of Stephen Daye to Jose Glover.
CHAPTER VI.
Contemplated removal to Weathersfield, Conn. Letter from Winthrop to Hooker. Letter from Hooker to Shepard. Depreciation in the value of property. Danger of general bankruptcy. Reasons for re- moving. Sir Henry Vanc. Grant of Shawshine to Cambridge. Re- moval of John Haynes. Death of Roger Harlakenden. Arrival of Herbert Pelham. Town Spring. Restrictions on the cutting of trees. Field-drivers, Commissioners to end small causes, Clerk of the Market, and Sealer of Leather, first elected. Calves impounded. Eight-penny ordinary for 'Townsinen. Penalty for absence from monthly meetings. Prosecution for trespass in the Great Swamp. Fence-viewers first elected. Remission of tax on account of sickness. Chimneys to be swept every month and ladders to be kept ready for reaching the roofs of houses. Orchard. Wharf. Division of Shaw- shine lands. Incorporation of Billerica.
. 46-62
CHAPTER VII.
Change of Government in England. Cromwell desires to colonize Ja- maica, and employs Daniel Gookin as special agent. Letters from Gookin to Secretary Thurloe. Death of Cromwell. Whalley and Goffe, two of the late King's judges, visit Cambridge. Fragment of Goffe's Journal. The General Court appoints a Committee, to re- port concerning " The due observance of obedience and fidelity unto the authority of England, and our own just privileges." Report of Committee. Instructions to the " Messengers " sent to England. Qualified oath of allegiance offered by Gookin and Danforth. The Messengers to England return with a letter from the King, promising to confirm the privileges of the people, but requiring sundry changes in their laws. Day of thanksgiving appointed. Reply of the General Court to the King's letter. Commissioners appointed by the King to enforce obedience. Cambridge sustains the General Court in their controversy with the Commissioners. Edward Randolph, the " archi- enemy of the colony." The Charter abrogated, and Sir Edmund
Andros appointed Governor of New England.
.
63-78
CHAPTER VIII.
The inhabitants on the south side of the river obtain parochial privi- leges. Their petition for incorporation as a separate town. Elab- orate and vigorous protest by the Selectmen of Cambridge. After long delay, Newton is incorporated, under the administration of Andros. Ship-building in Cambridge. Unruly dogs. Wolf. Drain-
-
ix
CONTENTS.
ing of a pond in the centre of the town. Stone wall-between Cam- bridge and Watertown. Committee to inspect families, and to prevent improper practices. Encroachment on fishing rights in 79-98
Menotomy River. Fish Officers.
CHAPTER IX.
President Dudley assumes the government. Protest of the General Court. Arrival of Governor Andros. Danforth's deseription of the public distress. Arbitrary proceedings of Andros. Titles to land de- clared invalid. Memorial of John Gibson and George Willis. Pro- ceedings on petition of Edward Randolph for a grant of land in Cam- bridge. Death of Major-gen. Gookin. Revolution in England. Governor Andros deposed and imprisoned with several of his adhe- rents. The old Magistrates reinstated. A new house of Deputies elected. The inhabitants of Cambridge request the old Officers to re- sume the government, and pledge life and fortune for their help and assistance. Letters of Thomas Danforth to Gov. Hinkley and to In- crease Mather. Danforth omitted from the Council by Mather, but reinstated by the General Court; appointed Judge of the Superior Court, but not of that special Court which tried and condemned the unfortunate persons suspected of witchcraft. Death of Deputy Gov- ernor Danforth. Cambridge Deputies.
99-118
CHAPTER X.
Petition of the " Farmers " for incorporation. Reply of Cambridge Selectmen. Parochial privileges granted. Harmony not interrupted. Incorporation of Lexington. Culler of Bricks. County Treasurers. Bounty for killing wolves. Salary of Treasurers and Jurors. Mar- shal General. Road to Connecticut. Governor Shute's visit to Cambridge. Double voting. Small-pox. Strangers not to be ad- mitted. Dogs. Gratuity to a proposed physician refused. Col. John Vassall's honors and disappointments. Throat distemper. Repre- sentatives to the General Court required to serve gratuitously. Part of Watertown annexed to Cambridge. Bear shot. Fire-engine. 119-135 Bills of Mortality. Funeral customs.
CHAPTER XI.
American Revolution. Resolves by the General Court. Action of Cambridge in Town Meeting. Riots in Boston. Cambridge disap- proves riots, and at first refuses, but afterwards consents, that eom- pensation be made from the publie treasury. Representative in- structed to oppose the election of any person to the Council who already held office of emolument under the Government ; and to have the people admitted to hear the debates of the House. Duties im- posed on tea and other artieles. Action of the General Court, and its dissolution. Convention of Delegates. Committees of Correspondence. Action of the Town, and instruction to Representative. Report con- cerning grievances. Response to Boston by the Committee of Corre- spondence. Town meeting ; earnest protest against the importation of
X
CONTENTS.
tea, as an encroachment upon political rights, and denunciation of all offenders and their abettors as public enemies. Destruction of tea in Boston Harbor. Boston Port Bill. Donations to Boston. Coun- cillors appointed by mandamus. Powder removed from the Magazine. Concourse of people in Cambridge. Resignation of Judge Dan- forth, Judge Lee, and Col. Oliver. Sheriff Phips promises that he will not act officially under the new establishment. Gen. Brattle's letter and explanation. Provincial Congress. Preparations for re- sistance by force of arms. Cambridge pledges persons and estates to maintain a Declaration of Independence. Privations during the War. New General Court organized. Constitution of 1778 rejected. Constitutional Convention nieets at Cambridge. Constitution adopted. Shays' Rebellion. Letter from the disaffected, and reply. Consti- tution of the United States approved. Loyalists or Tories, de- scribed by Madam Riedesel; their estates confiscated; proposition to permit their return ; Cambridge objects, and instructs its Repre- sentatives.
136-172
CHAPTER XII.
Land-holders in Cambridgeport and East Cambridge. Royal Make- peace. Improvements after the construction of West Boston Bridge. Streets and Dikes. Estate of Leonard Jarvis thrown upon the mar- ket. Andrew Bordman 'sells freely, and others sparingly. Daven- port & Makepeace among the most active operators. Turnpikes. Cambridge established as a Port of Delivery. Canals. School-houses. Meeting-house. Andrew Craigie becomes owner of almost the wliole territory now called East Cambridge. Canal (or Craigie's) Bridge. Lechmere Point Corporation. Court House and Jail. Incorpora- tion of Brighton and West Cambridge. Embargo. War with Eng- land. Address by the Town to President Jefferson, and his reply. Further action of the Town. Public rejoicing at the return of peace. 173-194
CHAPTER XIII.
Great Bridge, and the various methods adopted for its maintenance. West Boston Bridge. Canal (or Craigie's) Bridge. Prison Point Bridge. River Strcet Bridge. Western Avenue Bridge. Brook- line Bridge. All the Bridges become free. Public Avenues. Sharp contest in regard to Mount Auburn and Cambridge Streets. Im- portant legal principle first established in the trial and decision of this contest. 195-209
CHAPTER XIV.
Shire-town of Middlesex. Half shires. Records removed to Charles- town ; the General Court orders their return. Removal and return of the Registry of Decds. Court houses. House of Correction and Jail. Place of Execution, or " Gallows Lot." Negro woman burned at the stake. Support of the Poor. Alnishouses. Ordinaries, or Taverns ; committed to the charge of the most grave and discreet
xi
CONTENTS.
men. Blue Anchor. Samuel Gibson fined for unlawfully entertain- ing Students. Innholders and Retailers during a century. Petitions of Edinund Angier and John Stedman. Memorial of President Dun- ster on behalf of Mrs. Bradish. Prices established. Market Places. Market house. Burial places. Common; contest concerning its enclosure. Town House. Athenaum, converted into a City Hall. Sectional rivalry and jealousy. Petition for a division of the town ; rejected by the General Court. Unsuccessful attempt to remove dif- ficulties. Petition for a City Charter. A new petition for division interposed, which, like another presented nine years later, was un- successful. City Charter granted and accepted.
CHAPTER XV.
First Meeting-house. Rev. Thomas Hooker and Rev. Samuel Stone. First Church organized. Removal to Hartford. Rev. Thomas Shepard. Another "First Church " organized. Newell's " Church Gathering." Mckenzie's " Historical Lectures." Roger Harlak- enden. Shepard's reasons for removing to New England. Mrs. Shepard's admission to the Church, and her death. Confessions of candidates for Church membership. Contributions and expendi- tures. Rev. John Phillips. Death of Mr. Shepard. Synods at Cam- bridge. Sccond Meeting-house. Rev. Jonathan Mitchell ; in many respects " Matchless." Sibley's "Harvard Graduates." Financial records. Salary. Seating of the Meeting-house. Reputed heresy of President Dunster. Death of Mr. Mitchell, and the place of his burial. Care of the youth. Parsonage erected, and bill of expenses. Rev. Urian Oakes ; expense of his ordination. Almsdeeds of the Church. Labors, trials, and death of Mr. Oakes. Intense political and religious excitement. Address by the " Freemen of Cambridge" to the General Court, against universal toleration. Sermon of Mr. Oakes on the same subject. Rev. Nathaniel Gookin and Elders Clark and Stone ordained, with bill of expenses. Quict ministry and death of Mr. Gookin. Salary of Pastors at different periods. Church or- ganized at the Farmns. Ordination of Rev. William Brattle ; his min- istry and death. Third Meeting-house. Extraordinary snow-storm. Election of Rev. Nathaniel Appleton. Parsonage rebuilt. Enlarge- ment of Mccting-house. Church organized at Menotomy. Fourthı Meeting-house. Rev. George Whitefield. Church organized on the south side of the river. The prolonged and valuable services of Dr. Appleton recognized by Harvard College ; his death. Installation of Rev. Timothy Hilliard, and his death, after a short ministry. In- stallation of Rev. Abiel Holmes. Theological controversy, resulting in the disruption of the Church. Results of Councils. Shepard Con- gregational Society organized. Ordination of Rev. Nehemiah Adams as Colleague Pastor. Dismission and death of Dr. Holmes. Mcet- ing-house. Dismission of Mr. Adams. Rev. Jolin A. Albro, D. D., and Rev. Alexander McKenzie. New Meeting-liouse. Ordination of Rev. William Newell ; his long and peaceful ministry and resig- nation. Mecting-house. Ordination of Rev. Francis G. Peabody. Ruling Elders. Deacons. . 247-306
210-246
xii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVI.
Christ Church. Cambridgeport Parish. University Church. First Baptist. First Universalist. Second Universalist. First Methodist. Third Congregational. Second Baptist. First Evangelical Congre- gational. Second Evangelical Congregational. Evangelical (East Cambridge). St. Peter's (Episcopal). St. John's. Harvard Street Methodist. Old Cambridge Baptist. Lec Street. St. Peter's (Cath- olic). Third Universalist. North Cambridge Baptist. North Ave- nue Congregational. Pilgrini Congregational. Broadway Baptist. Free Church of St. James. Methodist Episcopal (Old Cambridge). St. Mary's. St. John's Memorial. Chapel Congregational. Cottage Street Methodist. St. Paul's. Church of the Sacred Heart. As- cension Church. Charles River Baptist .
307-343
CHAPTER XVII.
Antinomians. Baptists. Quakers. Elizabeth Hooton and other dis- turbers of the peace. Benanuel Bowers, and his family. Witchcraft. Rebecca Jacobs. Petition of Rebecca Fox. Mrs. Kendall. A man troubled by cats or the devil. Winifred Holman, and her daughter Mary Holman. Testimony. Verdict. . 344-364
CHAPTER XVIII.
Education. Harvard College. Grammar School. Elijah Corlett. In- dian Students. Corlett's letter of thanks to the County Court. Nicholas Fessenden, Jr. William Fessenden, Jr. Samuel Danforth. Veterans now in service. Agreement for erecting a school-house. Allowance to Mr. Dunster and his heirs. Schools of lower grade. Schools established in Cambridgeport and East Cambridge. School- houses in 1845, 1850, and 1876. School Committee. School dis- tricts. Graded schools. Hopkins school. Salaries of teachers at different periods. 365-381 ·
CHAPTER XIX.
Indians. Squa Sachem. Tribe near Mystic Pond. Indian titles pur- chased. Fence to secure the Indians' corn. Cutshamakin. Waban, and Indians at Nonantum. The apostle Eliot's labors ; assisted by his son, Rev. John Eliot, Jr., and by Rev. Daniel Gookin, Jr. Town of Natick. Eliot's mission extended to other tribes. Missions to the heathen emphatically commenced in Cambridge. Partial successes. Attempts to educate the Indians. Dunster's account of expenses for one year. Daniel Gookin actively engaged in the Indian work from the beginning ; appointed Ruler and Superintendent of all the friendly Indians ; record of one of his courts. Philip's War. Prejudice against all the Indians ; many imprisoned on Deer Island. Gookin and Dan- forth friendly to the Indians ; savage attacks on them, and on the Rev. Mr. Eliot. 382-395
xiii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XX.
Military organization. Expedition against Gorton. Narragansett War. Energetie services of Major Gookin. Reasons why old men of sixty years are not to train. Long serviee of Capt. Samuel Green. Sol- diers in the Wars from 1690 to 1740; Old French War, 1744 to 1748; Freneh War, 1753 to 1763. Memorial of Capt. William Angier. Gen. William Brattle. Troop of Cavalry. War of the Revolution. Rolls of Cambridge soldiers in the Battle of Lexington. Some events during that confliet. More persons killed in Cambridge than elsewhere. Monument in memory of the slain. Capt. Samuel Whittemore desperately wounded. Damage to property. Troops stationed in Cambridge. College buildings used for barracks. Hos- pitals established. Battle of Bunker Hill. Col. Thomas Gardner. Arrival of General Washington. Head-quarters. Military Works in Cambridge. Disposition of the troops. Military operations. Evae- uation of Boston. Difficulty in obtaining military stores. Gen. Bur- goyne's troops. Cambridge Offieers and Soldiers engaged in the Rev- olutionary War. War of 1812. Cambridge not enthusiastic in its favor. Light Infantry. War of the Rebellion. Cambridge organ- izes the first military company for the defenee of the Union ; Roll of that company. Richmond surrendered to a Cambridge Offieer. Offieers and Soldiers furnished by Cambridge during the War. Sol- diers' Monument ereeted by the City ; names inseribed thereon. Nearly forty-six hundred men, about one sixth part of the entire pop- ulation of Cambridge, rendered aetive serviee in this interneeine eon- flict.
396-438
CHAPTER XXI.
Valuation in 1647. Rate list in 1688. Census in 1777. Valuation in 1781. List of Voters in 1822. Census at intervals from 1765 to 1875. Number of Polls, Valuation, rate and amount of Tax, and amount of the City Debt, in each year from the incorporation of the City in 1846 to 1875. Census in 1875. Vice-president of the United States. Gov- ernors. Deputy or Lieutenant-governors. Assistants. Couneillors. Senators. Representatives. Selectmen. Assessors. Town Clerks. Town Treasurers. Mayors. Aldermen. Presidents of the Common Couneil. Members of the Common Council. City Clerks. City Treasurers. Clerks of the Common Council. 439-475 GENEALOGIES. . 477
KEY TO THE PLAN OF "CAMBRIDGE IN 1635,"
Indicating the owners and occupants of the several lots, in 1635, and in 1642. All are supposed to have been homesteads, unless otherwise designated.
No.
In 1635.
In 1642.
1
William Westwood.1
Public Lot.
2
James Olmstead.
Edward Goffe.
3 4
Rev. Thomas Hooker.
Rev. Thomas Shepard.
5
John White.8
Richard Champney.8
John Clark.8
Thomas Beal.8
6 7 William Wadsworth.3
Samuel Shepard.ª
8 9
John Hopkins.8
Mark Pierce.
10
John White.8
Edward Collins.
11
William Goodwin.
Samuel Shepard.
12 13 14
William Wadsworth.
Richard Champney.
Widow Esther Muzzey.
Henry Dunster.4
Daniel Abbott.
Francis Moore.
Daniel Abbott.
John Russell.
Thomas Heate.
Thomas Marrett.
Christopher Cane.
William Towne.
19 20 21
Edward Stebbins.
Nathan Aldus.
Timothy Stanley.
William French.
Jonas Austin.
Katherine Haddon.
John Hopkins.
Edmund Angier.
Thomas Beale.
Thomas Beale.
Rev. Samuel Stone.
Nathaniel Sparhawk.
Simon Bradstreet, Esq.
Herbert Pelham, Esq.4
Abraham Morrill.
Thomas Skidmore.
Samuel Greenhill.
- Turges.
Widow Elizabeth Isaac. John Stedman. William Dickson.
33
John Haynes, Esq.
Henry Dunster.
1 " Forfeited ; " afterwards called " Watch-house Hill;" site of the Meet- ing-house from 1650 to 1833.
2 Uncertain whether then occupied by a house or not.
8 Vacant lot.
4 House, but apparently not a home- stead.
15 16 17 18
Nathaniel Hancock.
Nathaniel Hancock.
George Steele.
Edward Goffe.4
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
John Steele.
Robert Bradish.
John White.
Thomas Danforth.
William Pantry.
Harvard College.2
29 30 John Pratt. 31 William Spencer. 32 Thomas Spencer.
xvi KEY TO THE PLAN OF "CAMBRIDGE IN 1635.
No.
In 1635.
In 1642.
" Market Place." 1
" Market Place."
Edward Goffe.2
Rev. Samuel Stone.3
Nathaniel Sparhawk.8
Widow Isabel Sackett.
Robert Stedman.
Matthew Allen.
Thomas Chesholme.
40 41 William Andrews.
42 43 44
George Stocking.
William Manning.
45 Joseph Reading.
Joseph Cooke.
Stephen Hart.
Joseph Cooke.
William Westwood.
John Betts.
Edward Mitchelson.
William Andrews.
Edward Shepard.
John Betts.2
Edward Shepard.8
Moses Payne.
56
Matthew Allen.2
William Cutter.
Humphrey Vincent.
John Moore.
57 58 Daniel Patrick.
Joseph Cooke.2
Richard Lord.8
Herbert Pelham, Esq.
Matthew Allen.8
George Cooke.
Edmund Gearner.
Mrs. Eliz. Sherborne.
63
William Kelsey.
John Sill. .
64
Andrew Warner.
George Cooke.
1 Now called Winthrop Square.
2 House, but apparently not homestead.
8 Vacant lot.
-
34 35 James Ensign. 36 37 38 39 Meeting-house.
Samuel Dudley.
Robert Sanders.
Hezekiah Usher.
William Lewis.
John Bridge.
Nicholas Olmstead.8
John French.
Nathaniel Richards.
Joseph Cooke.
46 47 48 49 50 John Bridge.
Dolor Davis.8
Thomas Fisher.
51 52 John Benjamin.3 53 John Benjamin.8 54 John Benjamin.3 55 Thomas Dudley, Esq.
Herbert Pelham, Esq.
59 60 61 62 John Arnold.
Thomas Hosmer.
Meeting-house.
COW YARD LANE.
1
1
6
1
BRAINTREE OR HARVARD
12
21
27
28
13
HOLYOKE STREET.
10
8
22
26
31 30
STREET.
23
25
24
SPRING OR
MOUNT AUBURN STREET.
32
33
34
BRIGHTON
37
38
DUNSTER
41 42
CROOKED
LONG OR
63
62
61
WOOD OR
58 57 56
WATER OR
49
48
60
59
55
50 51
MARSH LANE OR SOUTH STREET.
54 53 52
45
36
39
40
43
35
STREET.
14
18
15
OR
17
16
19
9
BACK LANE
44
46 47
CAMBRIDGE IN 1635.
WINTHROP
STREET.
3NY7 07314
5
4
3
2
STREET.
FIELD LANE
HIGHWAY TO
WATERTOWN.
LANE OR BRATTLE SQUARE
11
7
20
HIGHWAY INTO THE NECK
29
.
64
ARSH LANE OR ELIOT STREET
-
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
CHAPTER I.
CIVIL HISTORY.
CAMBRIDGE, the original shire town of Middlesex County, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is situated in 42° 22' north latitude, and 71° 6' west longitude from Greenwich.1 It is bounded on the east by Charles River, which separates it from Boston ; on the south by Charles River, which separates it from Brookline and Brighton ; 2 on the west by Watertown, Belmont, and Arlington ; on the north by Somerville, and by Miller's River, which separates it from Charlestown. Though now small in territorial extent, embracing not more than about four and a half square miles, it is divided into four principal districts, each having a post-office, namely : Cambridge (often called Old Cambridge), Cambridgeport, East Cambridge, and North Cam- bridge.
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