USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge > History of Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1630-1877. With a genealogical register > Part 41
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1 Mass. Col. Rec., i. 190.
2 He was a member and Speaker of the House of Deputics, and served on many of its important committees.
3 Middlesex Court Files.
4 Both here and in Connectient he was
a Deputy in the General Court.
5 Cambridge furnished twelve soldiers
in this expedition ; and Captain Patrick, who was an officer " for the country's service" and still resided here, had com- mand of forty men from Massachusetts, but seems not to have arrived until after the principal battle ended. - Mass. Col. Rec., i. 197 ; and Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc., xviii. 143, 144.
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HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
in chief, and Hum: Atherton to be his Leift: of the military force." 1
When Captain Cooke returned to England in 1645, the Gen- eral Court thought " meet to desire Mr. Joseph Cooke to take care of the company in the absence of the Captain, and till the Court shall take further order, and that John Stedman be estab- lished ensign."2 Nov. 11, 1647. " Mr. Joseph Cooke, upon his petition, is freed from exercising the company at Cambridge, and from being compellable by fine to attend upon every training hereafter." 3 About this time Daniel Gookin removed to Cam- bridge, and probably was the next Captain of the trainband, of which he retained the command about forty years. He was com- mander-in-chief of the militia in Middlesex County during that terrible contest which is generally denominated " Philip's War," or the " Narragansett War," even before he attained the rank of Sergeant-major.4 He wrote the instructions to Captain Joseph Sill,5 Nov. 2, 1675, to " take charge of the soldiers raised from Charlestown, Watertown, and Cambridge, which are about sixty men," and to go forth against the enemy, closing thus : " so de- siring the ever-living Lord God to accompany you and your com- pany with his gracious conduct and presence, and that he will for Christ's sake appear in all the mounts of difficulty, and cover all your heads in the day of battle, and deliver the bloodthirsty and cruel enemy of God and his people into your hands, and make you executioners of his just indignation upon them, and return you victorious unto us, I commit you and your company unto God, and remain your very loving friend, DANIEL GOOKIN, Sent." 6 The names of some of the Cambridge soldiers may be gleaned from the few military documents preserved. It appears that in November, 1675, John Adams, Daniel Champney, John Eames, David Stone, and Samuel Stone, Jr., were impressed as " troop- ers," or cavalry. On the 26th day of the same month, Corporal
1 Mass. Col. Rec., ii. 44. In this ex- pedition Thomas Parris of Cambridge served as surgeon, and Sainnel Green as sergeant. Mr. Green held military office about sixly years, attaining the rank of Captain in 1689.
2 Ibid., ii. 137.
8 /bid., ii. 217.
4 He came from Virginia to Boston, chon.
May 20, 1644, being then styled " Cap- tain ;" he resided in Roxbury about three years, but removed to Cambridge before
April 9, 1648, when, among the lands at Shawshine, the town grant. d to "Captain Googine a farm, if he buy a honse in the town."
5 He was a Cambridge man, and was sty led " Lieutenant " before September 24, 1675, when he was appointed Captain of one hundred men, under Major John Pyn-
6 Mass. Arch., Ixviii. 40. This signa- ture was afterwards erased, and " By the Council, E. R. S." substituted.
-
399
MILITARY HISTORY.
Jonathan Remington, and Isaac Amsden, Jacob Amsden, John Amsden, Gershom Cutter, William Gleason, James Hubbard, Jonathan Lawrence, Nathaniel Patten, Samuel Read, John Sal- ter, Samuel Swan, Edward Winship, Jr., Daniel Woodward, and John Wyeth, were impressed by order of Captain Gookin, to whom the Corporal reported, Dec. 3, 1675, that all his men were ready, except as follows : " Edward Winship, his father tells me he is or will be released by the council ; John Salter, he saith his master will give him his time, and so will take no care to fit him out ; how he will be provided I know not ; John Wyeth is not yet come to his father's, neither can I hear any tidings of him." 1 These three men were not mustered. The names also of Capt. Thomas Prentice, Lieut. William Barrett, Cornet Edward Oakes (afterwards styled Lieutenant), and several soldiers who served in this war, are found in the Massachusetts Archives, and in an Account Book of Treasurer Hull, preserved in the Library of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society.2
" Captain Daniel Gookin was by the whole Court chosen and appointed to be sergeant major of the regiment of Middlesex," May 5, 1676.3 Before this election, however, he performed the duties proper to that office. Thus, on the 11th of January, 1675-6, " the committee of militia of Charlestown, Cambridge, and Watertown," were " ordered and required to impress such ar- mor, breasts, backs, and head-pieces, and blunderbusses, as you can find in your respective towns, and to give express and speedy order that they be cleaned and fitted for service, and sent in to Cambridge to Captain Gookin at or before the 15th of this in- stant, by him to be sent up to the army by such troopers as are
1 Mass. Arch., Ixviii. pp. 73, 79, 80. At about the same date, Peter Hanchet, Joshua Woods, Samuel Hides, and Jon- athan Bush, on the south side of the river, were impressed.
2 Of private soldiers, the following names appear : Matthew Abdy, Thomas Adams, John Barrett, Thomas Batheriek [or Baverick], Richard Beach, Joseph Bemis, William Bordman, Franeis Bow- inan, Matthew Bridge, Thomas Brown, Samuel Buek, Samuel Bull, Samuel Champney, James Cheever, Joseph Cooke, Stephen Cooke, Benjamin Crackbone [killed], John Cragg, James Cutler, Samuel Cutler, John Druse [killed], Jonathan Dunster, Thomas Foster, Stephen Franeis, Thomas Frost, Simon
Gates, John Gibson, Samuel Gibson, Sam- uel Goffe, Nathaniel Green, John Has :- ings, Nathaniel Healy, Zachariah Hieks, Jacob Hill, Justinian Holden, Sebeas Jackson, Ambrose MeFassett, Daniel Ma- gennis, Amos Marrett, Thomas Mitch- elson, John Needham, Thomas Oli- ver, Zachariah Paddlefoot, Jolin Park, Solomon Phipps, Henry Prentice, Jantes Prentice, Solomon Prentice, William Reed, Samuel Robbins, Jason Russell, William Russell, John Smith, Joseph Smith, Nathaniel Smith, Samuel Smith, John Squire, John Stedman, Andrew Stimson [or Stevenson], John Streeter, Gershom Swan, Jolin Wellington, Jacob Willard, John Winter.
3 Mass. Col. Rec., v. 83.
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HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
ordered to go up to the army."1 And on the 25th of April, Captain Gookin received instructions as " Commander-in-chief of all the forces of horse and foot in this expedition, for the service of the Colony, against the enemy." 2 A letter addressed by him to the Council for the management of the War affords a glimpse of the magnitude of the perils which then beset the Colony, and the spirit in which they were met : "Honored sirs, I received your orders after I was retired to rest; but I suddenly got up and issued forth warrants for the delinquents, and sent away the warrant to Capt. Prentice, and also sent warrants to the com- manders-in-chief of Charlestown, Watertown, Cambridge, and the Village, Malden, and Woburn, to raise one fourth part of their companies to appear at Cambridge this morning at eight a clock. But I fear the rain and darkness of the last night hath impeded their rendesvous at the time ; but sometime to-day I hope they will appear, or at least some of them. I judge, if the Captains do their duty in uprightness, there may be about 100 men, or near it. I have written to Capt. Hammond to send up Capt. Cutler to conduct this company ; I am uncertain about his compliance ; I desire your order, in case of failure, and also directions to what rendesvous to send this company when raised. It is a very afflictive time to be called off, considering we have planting in hand this week, and our fortification 3 pressing upon our shoul- ders. But God sees meet to order it so that this rod must smart sharply. I pray let me liave your directions sent away with all speed. I stay at home on purpose to despatch these soldiers. So with my dutiful respects to your honored selves, I remain your assured friend and servant, DANIEL GOOKIN, Sent. May the first, 1676."4 Four days after the date of this letter, May 5, 1676, Capt. Gookin was elected Sergeant-major of the Middlesex Regiment, and at the General Election, May 11, 1681, he became Major-general of all the militia in the Colony, which office he
1 Mass. Arch., Ixviii. 114.
2 Ibid., p 228.
8 So imminent was the peril, that on the 27th of March, 1676, " at a public mect- ing of the inhabitants of the town to consider about fortifying the town against the Indians, it was agreed upon by a pub- lic vote of the town as followeth : It is by the inhabitants jointly agreed, that they judge it necessary that something be donc for the fencing in the town with a stocka- doe, or something equivalent ; and in
pursuance thereof do nominate and em- power the militia of the town and select- men to set out the place where, and to each onc their proportion, and to do what- ever shall be necessary for the completing thercof." The stockade was commenced ; but before it was completed the danger so far diminished that the project was aban- doncd, and the timber which had been gathered was used for the repair of the Great Bridge.
4 Mass. Arch., Ixviii. 247.
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MILITARY HISTORY.
retained until the Charter Government was abrogated in 1686, when he was seventy-four years of age. .
Up to this time military service was required of all able-bodied men. Such service commenced at the age of sixteen years ; but I have not found a limit prescribed for its close. Special ex- emption was granted to privates at various ages. April 1, 1656
, " Edward Goffe of Cambridge, aged about 63 years, having long been serviceable both to town and country, and now disenabled as well by infirmities of body as age, is by this court released from all ordinary trainings. And he is to make such annual allowance to the military company as himself shall see meet." 1 Ordinarily, five shillings per annum was required to be paid in consideration of such exemption, as in the case of Gilbert Crack- bone, April 6, 1658, and Robert Parker and William Mann, October, 1658,2 all Cambridge men. So also, June, 1659, " William Kerley,3 aged about 76 years, is released from all or- dinary trainings, paying 5s. per annum to the use of the military company in the town where he dwelleth." In the Middlesex Court Files of 1659 is preserved a document without date, enti- tled, " Reasons, showing why old men of sixty years are not to train : " -
" First. From the word of God, though not in express terins, yet by consequence, may be gathered, that if the Levites were to be dismissed at fifty years from their service at the tabernacle, then much more old men at sixty from training, which is the practice of our native country, to take in at sixteen years and dismiss at sixty, which is agreeable to our neighbor plantations to do the like.
" 2ly. The Scripture doth hold forth, by way of allusion, that it is an act of cruelty. Deut. vi. The words are these : if a bird's nest be upon a tree or upon the ground, be they young or eggs, thou shalt not take the dam with the young, but in any wise thou shalt let the dam go, and take the young to thee, that it may be well with thee. Doth God count it an act of cruelty to put no difference between old and young in an unreasonable creature, and shall not man shun cruelty towards the reasonable ? If your children come in at sixteen years, well may their fathers be taken out at sixty.
" Bly. Old men of sixty years have not the organs of nature to handle their arms, and are overborne with heat and cold, having
1 Middlesex Court Record.
2 Ibid.
8 Ibid. Kerley resided in Lancaster.
26
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HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
many natural infirmities, and are slow in action ; that which was their delight, when young, is their burden being old. For old men to attend common trainings, to stand forth with every young boy to answer to his name, and it may be stand three or four hours together, till his joints be stiff and numb, that he can scarce go upon his legs, - surely such practice cannot be pleasing to God; and then not to be suffered nor approved on by men ; but we hope our wise and godly magistrates will take it into serious consideration, and relieve such as are thereby oppressed."
This appeal was not immediately successful, as appears by the petition of a Cambridge man in 1673: "I would intreat that favor of this honored Court, that I may be freed wholly from training any more, as one not being able to perform that service by reason of a consumptive cough I have had about a year and a half, and other weakness of body that attend me, besides my age which is very near 63 years ; so that I find that exercise, when standing so long upon the ground, very prejudicious and destruc- tive to my health, as I found by experience the last training day, although it was a warm day. So committing myself to your worships favor I rest your humble servant. THO. SWEETMAN. The 8 (8) 73." 1 In 1689, the term of service had been short- ened. " All the inhabitants from sixteen to sixty years in each town are by the law and constant custom of the country to bear arıns, if occasion shall require." 2 But, although the private soldiers were released from further service, on attaining three score years, their officers sometimes voluntarily served until a much later period of life. A notable example of this long-con- tinued devotion to official service was exhibited by Captain Samuel Green, the veteran printer, who was sergeant in the expedition against Gorton, as before stated, in 1643, ensign in 1660, and on the 27th of June, 1689, became a captain. Of him it was stated, in an obituary notice of his son Bartholomew, that " this Captain Green was a commission officer of the military company at Cambridge, who chose him for above sixty years to- gether; and he died there, Jan. 1, 1701-2, æ. 87, highly esteemed and beloved both for piety and a martial genius. He took such great delight in the military exercise, that the arrival of their training days would always raise his joy and spirit ; and when he was grown so aged that he could not walk, he would be carried out in his chair into the field, to view and order his company." 3
1 Middlesex Court Files. England from the beginning of that Planta- 2 A Brief Relation of the state of New tion to this present year, 1689, p. 9.
8 Boston News Letter, Jan. 4, 1733.
403
MILITARY HISTORY.
In the warfare with the French and Indians, during most of the time for more than thirty years after the government of the Province was organized under the new charter, Cambridge fur- nished both officers and soldiers, of whom, however, the lists are imperfect. Among the officers may be included John Leverett, Esq. (afterwards President of the College), who, with his asso- ciates, Col. Elisha Hutchinson and Col. Penn Townsend, received instructions from Governor Dudley, July 3, 1707, as " joint com- missioners for the superior command, conduct, rule and govern- ment of her majesty's forces on the expedition to Nova Scotia and L'Accadie."1 Andrew Belcher, previously of Cambridge, was Commissary five years before 1708.2 In the expedition against Port Royal, which sailed from Nantasket Sept. 18, 1710, Edmund Goffe was Lieut .- colonel of the regiment whereof Wil- liam Tailer was Colonel and William Dudley was Major. Samue! Gookin (grandson of General Gookin) was a Lieutenant in the company commanded by Capt. Robert Handy.3 In the Minutes of Council, when raising troops for an expedition against Canada in 1711, are some memoranda concerning Cambridge men : June 20, " Mr. Daniel Foxcroft spoken with to be sub-commissary in this expedition, and accepted." June 21, "Capt. Gookin 4 and Capt. Phips to be sent to for riding officers." June 22, " Mr. Sheriff Gookin and Capt. Sam1. Phips accepted to ride the circle for hastening the troops " (Gookin commanded a company in this expedition). June 23, Lieut .- col. Goffe and Major Jonas Bond to provide quarters for the troops " of the north of Charles River, appointed to rendezvous at Cambridge." 5
Col. Edmund Goffe submitted a memorial to Lieut .- gov. Dum- mer, in 1724, when the Province was engaged in a war with the Indians, representing that " in the month of July last past," he " was commissionated and appointed to be Colonel of all the forces in the western frontiers of Middlesex and Essex, together with the town of Brookfield, by his Honor the Lieutenant Gov- ernor," and that he had visited all the stations at great personal expense, and at the hazard of his life ; he reported the " number of men now in the service of this Government in the towns fol- lowing, viz. : Dunstable, 40; Dracut, 12; Almsbury, 10; Haver- hill, 12; Groton, 14; Lancaster, 14; Turkey-Hills, 12; Rut- land, 25 ; Brookfield, 10 ; total, 149." 6 At a later period, Rev.
1 Mass. Arch., Ixxi. 368.
2 Ibid., p. 456.
8 lbid., p. 673.
4 Sheriff of Middlesex. and son of Gen. Gookin.
5 Mass. Arch., Ixxi. 806, 807.
6 Ibid., Ixxii. 169-172.
404
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
Ammi-Ruhamalı Cutter (a Cambridge man), H. C. 1725, having been dismissed from his charge at North Yarmouth, served his country as Captain several years before his death, which occurred at Louisburg in March, 1746.1
Next after Colonel Goffe, William Brattle was for many years the most prominent military character. He attained the rank of Major as early as 1728, when he was only twenty-two years old ; Colonel, before March, 1739; Adjutant-general in 1758; Brigadier-general, as early as 1760, and Major-general of the militia throughout the Province in 1771. During the French War, which commenced in 1753 (though not formally declared until 1756) and continued until 1763, he was active and ener- getic in the raising of troops and the general administration of military affairs in the Province; but in the army Cambridge seems to have had no officer of higher rank than Captain.2 I have gleaned from the muster rolls, preserved in the State House, the names of probably only a portion of the Cambridge officers and privates who served in that war. Of officers, Capt. Thomas Adams, Capt. William Angier, Lieut. Leonard Jones, and En- signs Joseph Chadwick and John Dickson. Of staff and non- commissioned officers, Samuel Dean, Chaplain ; Francis Moore, Surgeon ; John Wright, Surgeon's Mate ; Daniel Barrett, Down- ing Champney, John Demont, Benjamin Manning, Abraham Osborn, and James Lanman, Sergeants ; William Baldwin, Jason Batherick and William Butterfield, Corporals. Some-
1 Cutter Family, 55-59. The names of to the shorter war with France, 1744 to a few non-commissioned officers and pri- vates also, during these troublous times, have been preserved. Joseph Hastings was wounded and lost an eye in 1690. In the same year, among those who were engaged in the unfortunate expedition against Canada are found the names of John Andrew, William Blanchard, Na- thaniel Bowman, Matthew Bridge, Daniel Champney, James Cutler, Edward Green, Stephen Hastings, Joseph Hlieks, John Manning, John Peirce, Joseph Smith, Nathaniel Sparhawk, John Squire, Thom- Stacy, Jolin Stedman. In 1707, John Comce was killed, and Benjamin Mu-sey " captived." Sergeants William Cheever and Eliazar Parker served in 1722 ; Zechariah Hicks, clerk, and John Manning, in 1724 ; Sergeant Simon Hol- den, in 1725, and John Oldham, in 1740.
2 The same remark holds true in regard
1748. A paper is on file in the office of the City Clerk, endorsed, " Men enlisted in Cambridge against Canada, 1745 and 1746," containing the following names : Capt. [William] Phips, Lieut. [Spencer] Phips, Lieut. Moore, Sergeant Gee, Sam- ucl Andrew, William Barrett, Jr., John Batherick, W. Brown, Nathaniel Chad- wick, Downing Champney, Solomon Champney, John Clark, Abraham Col- frey, Benjamin Craekbone, Robert Crow- ell, " Cutter's Man," - Fillebrown, Si- mon Godding, Nathaniel Hancock, An- drew Hill, Andrew Hinds, William How, Edward Jackson, Joseph Kidder, Cutle Monis, William Morse, Thomas Patrick, Reuben Prentice, Edward Pursley, John Sinith, Solomon Smith, Jolin Sparhawk, Edward Stanley, Michael Stanley, Jon- athan Stedman, - Webber, William Woodhouse.
405
MILITARY HISTORY.
what more than one hundred names of private soldiers are pre- served ; and although the list is probably far from perfect, it is inserted in a note.1
One of the papers in the Massachusetts Archives commemo- rates the good service of a Cambridge officer and its recognition by the General Court : "Province of the Massachusetts Bay. To his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esq., Captain General, Gov- ernor, and Commander-in-Chief, in and over his Majesty's Prov- ince aforesaid, the Honble his Majesty's Council, and the Honble House of Representatives in General Court assembled at Boston, December, 1763, - Humbly sheweth William Angier of Cam- bridge, that on the second day of November, A. D. 1759, he was Captain of a company in Col. Joseph Frye's Regiment, stationed at Fort Cumberland in Nova Scotia : that the Regiment appear- ing inclined to mutiny, and refusing to do duty because (they said) the time they enlisted for expired the day before; and as there was no troops arrived to relieve the Regiment, the Fort would undoubtedly fall into the hands of the enemy, if the Reg- iment (as they threatened) should desert it, Col. Frye, to pre- vent their desertion, ordered the several Captains to demand from the men their arms ; in consequence of which order your petitioner mustered his Company on the parade and demanded
1 Theophilus Alexander, William Al- ford, Henry Appleton, John Badger, William Barker, Caleb Barrett, Jonathan Barrett, Joshua Barrett, John Bartlett, John Batherick, Timothy Batherick, Ja- son Belknap, Joseph Belknap, John Bisco, Israel Blackington, Thomas Brickley, Thomas Brown, John Bryant, Robert Bull, Thomas Bumstead, Robert Camp- bell, Moses Chadwick, Downing Champ- ney, Ephraim Child, Thomas Coe, John Cole, John Cole, Jr., Samuel Cole, Aaron Comstock. Joshua Converse, Jo- seph Cook, Daniel Cooper, John Craigc, Samuel Cutter, Benjamin Darling, Ed- ward Dickson, Jolin Dickson, Jr., Wil- liam Doty, Thomas Durant, Henry Evans, Edward Fillebrown, John Fille- brown, Richard Fillebrown, John Fowlc, Simon Gardis, Samuel Gookin, Jr., Jo- seph Hamilton, Solomon Hancock, Cato Hanker, Joseph Hartwell, Elisha Hast- ings, William Hastings, Jason Hazard, Timothy Heath, Abraham Hill, Andrew Hill, Benjamin Hill, Daniel Hill, Zacha- riah Hill, Israel Hinds, Samuel Hinds, Jonas Wyeth.
Aaron Hodges, Nathaniel Holden, Elisha Holmes, Daniel Hovey, Simon Howard, Jonathan Ingersol, Jonas Jackson, John Kidder, David Lamson, Edward Man- ning, William Marshall, John Mason, Jolin Matthews, Thomas Mayhew, Fran- cis Moore, Jr., William Moore, Christo- pher Mudgeon, John Mullett, John Nut- ting, Daniel Paine, Stephen Paine, Daniel Parkhurst, Thomas Pcirce, Warren Per- kins, Reuben Prentice, Addison Richard- son, John Rickey, John Robbins, Joseph Robbins, Nathan Robbins, Thomas Rob- bins, Jr., William Robbins, John Robin- son, Hobart Russell, Philemon Russell, Dennis Ryan, Henry Scager, Thomas Shepard, Philip Sherman, Thomas Sher- man, Thomas Sisson (Drummer), Joseph Smith, Parsons Smith, Benjamin Stanley, David Stanley, Jonathan Stanley, Jo- seph Stanley, Michael Stanley, Stephen Stearns, Aaron Swan, Joshua Swan, Samuel Swan, Mansfield Tapley, Thomas Thwing, Daniel Warren, Joseph With- ington, Jason Winship, John Wellington,
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HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
of every man his gun : - that Elisha Jackson, the second man to whom he made this demand, not only refused to deliver his gun, but made great resistance ; and upon your petitioner's seizing the gun, he with great force and violence thrust one end of it against his breast ; and as several of the men at the same time cocked their guns, your petitioner apprehending his life to be in great danger, and at the same time knowing it was his duty if possible to put his Colonel's orders into execution, was obliged to draw his sword and with it (to intimidate the rest of the men) strike at the said Jackson, who, by endeavoring to ward it off, had some of his fingers cut. However, by this behavior of your peti- tioner, it is the opinion of Col. Frye and the other officers that a general mutiny was at that time prevented, and the Fort pre- served from falling into the enemy's hands (your petitioner's company being the first to whom the Colonel's orders were con- municated), as Col. Frye is ready to testify to your Excellency and Honors, and as appears by the annexed affidavits. Notwith- standing which, the said Jackson, soon after his return to this Province, sued your petitioner for striking at him as aforesaid, and at the Superior Court, held in Charlestown in January last, the Jury gave a verdict for your petitioner to pay him six pounds and costs (although the Honble Judges all gave their opinion to the Jury in your petitioner's favor), by which means your petitioner has been put to very great trouble and costs. And as your petitioner was doing his duty with regard to said Jackson, and his so doing was the means of preserving the King's Fort, he most humbly requests that your Excellency and Honors would be pleased in some measure to relieve him, by making him a grant of the sum of fifteen pounds, lawful money, being the sum with the costs that said Jackson recovered of him, or that you would be pleased otherwise to interpose in his behalf, as to you in your great wisdom sliall seem meet. And, as in duty bound your petitioner shall ever pray. WILLIAM ANGIER. In the House of Representatives, Jan. 27, 1764. Read, and ordered That the sum of fifteen pounds be paid out of the public Treasury to the petitioner in full consideration for his sufferings. Sent up for concurrence. TIMº. RUGGLES, Spkr. In Council, Jan. 27, 1764. Read, and concurred. JOHN COTTON, D. SECY. Con- sented to, FRA. BERNARD." 1
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