USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge > History of Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1630-1877. With a genealogical register > Part 27
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The first entry in the Record proper is somewhat mutilated. What is supposed to be lost is here supplied, but enclosed in brackets.
" [An account] of the moneys by contri[bution ] upon the first day of [the week for] the supply of the wants of the Church of Christ and the needy people of Cambridge since the second day of the tenth month in the year of Christ 1638.
1 In the will of Roger Harlakenden, 1638, is this bequest: "I give to Mr. Shepard our pastor forty pounds, and to our Elders that weh is in their hands, and to the pore brethren of our congregation twentye pounds to be ordered by Mr. Shepard."
2 Herbert Pelham, Esq., married the widow of Harlakenden.
8 Winthrop says that in 1640 "cattle and all commodities grew very cheap." (ii. 7.) And Hutchinson says, " the price of a milch cow had kept from 25 to 30l., but fell this year to 5 or 6l." - Ilist. Mass., i. 93.
255
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
" Imprimis was contributed the first day of the week be- l. s. d. ing the second day of the 10th month, 1638 (part 0. 19. 5 of it was in papers, namely 8ª.)
" Item was contributed the second sabbath in the 10th { month 258. 4ª. (whereof was in papers 38. 4ª.) 1. 5.4"
Then follow on the first page the weekly contributions until the last Sabbath in the sixth month, or August, amounting, in the nine months, to nearly fifty pounds, including two which are specially recorded thus : -
" Item Mrs Sara Sims the 7th of Feb. brought for herselfe 0. 10. 0 Item [1mo. 1639] was on a day of thanksgiving (at Mr. 2. 9.6"
Eatons) given forty-nine shillings and six pence.
On the other side of the account we find : -
" What the layinges out ha[ve been ] as on the other side appears [ ] were contrybuted on severall oc- casions for the supply of manyfold nessessyties.
" Imprimis for eleven quartes of red wine for the use of the l. s. d. Lords tabell upon the 9th day of the tenth month 1 0. 13. 9 at 15ª. a quart.
And for bread for the Lords tabell at that time 8ª. For 0. 1.8 a messenger to goe for the wine 12ª. 1 Lent my brother Towne 5.0.0
Payª for this booke (to keepe accounts in) 0. 4.6
Given to Elder Frost the 18 of January 2 208. 1.0.0
pd for a lether pillow to put in the cushin to the desk 0. 5.0 58; it wayed 51b.
Payd for sendinge a messenger (goodman Crackbone) to ) Charlestowne and Roxbery to atayne helpe for 0.2.0
preachinge in our pastors weaknes 28.
Payd to goodman Line for 5 quarts and } pint of wine 0.6.6
Payd my brother Towne for his half years alowance 1. 5.0 and payd him for 5 times goinge with messages to the church 0. 3. 4 Given to Elder Frost the 22 of the 3d month 208. 1. 0.0 Given my brother John French 34. 3 0.0
Given to our brother Hall the 11th of the 4th month to- ward the rearing of his house that was blown down. 1.0.0
For the refresshing my brother Sill in time of fayntnes sent him 4 pints of sack, 28. 4ª. 0. 2.4
Pd to my brother Cane for goinge to Salem with a mes- sage to Mr. Philips when he was about to come to us. 1 1638. 2 1638-9.
5.0. 0
256
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
Given to Elder Frost toward his buildinge 404. 2.0.0
Lent our brother Bealle the 9th of the 5th mouth, 57. 5.0.0
Payd the hyman 1 that brought Mr. Philips and for his \ goods bringing from Salem when he removed to us. S 0.0.0"
Thus far the account is copied entire. The last charge is erased in the account, and underneath is written, " we [
] this and took it out of that received for officers mainten- ance." Shortly afterwards the following disbursements are re- corded : -
" Payd my brother Cane for helpinge Mr. Philips at his 0. 5. 0. first coming to set up his goods, 58.
Payd my brother Cane for carying a leter to Salem (con- cerninge clearing about Mr. Philips) to Mr. Haw- 0. 5.0 thorne.
Payd my brother Cane for his helpe in Mr. Philips remov- 0.3.0 inge to Mr. Pellams house for 1 day and }.
Pd for a help of another to mend Mr. Pelams house for Mr. Philips. 0.1. 6"
These several disbursements on account of Rev. John Phillips furnish the only evidence to be found in the Church Record con- cerning the attempt which was evidently made to secure him as a teacher of the church of which Mr. Shepard was pastor. Sav- age describes 2 him as of " Dedham, 1638, a famous minister of Wrentham (which is about 30 miles N. E. from Ipswich, Eng- land), where he obtained his living as rector 1609, and married 6 Jan. 1612 Elizabeth a sister of famous Dr. Ames, which gave him favor in the eyes of puritans, was desired to accept office here in several places, especially Cambridge, perhaps in connec- tion with the newly begun College, but preferred to go home in the autumn of 1641." From Lamson's " History of the First Church and Parish in Dedham," pp. 77-82, it would seem that Mr. Phillips did not "take office " in Dedham until 1640, "the Lord ordering things so by a special providence that he no where settled " until that time. It is certain from our old Church Rec- ord, that he came here from Salem in 1639; and it is probable that he removed from this town to Dedham in 1640, without completing the contemplated arrangement for a permanent set- tlement here. His residence in Cambridge was in the old ox- pasture, on the northwesterly side of Kirkland Street, near Oxford Street. It was afterwards the homestead of Deputy-governor Danforth, as appears by the Town Record : " At a meeting of the
1 Hoyman, or boatman. 2 Geneal. Dictionary.
257
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
inhabitants of this town in May 1650, it was voted and consented unto by the Town, that the house which Mr. Philips built anent Charlestowne lane, with the land adjoining and woodlot, should be sold to Thomas Danforth for fifty pounds, to be paid by hin to Mr. Philips or his assigns in current country pay upon demand at the said house ; the said Thomas Danforth to enjoy the said house and land to him and his heirs and assigns forever." It does not appear by what authority the town thus disposed of Mr. Phillips' estate ; but a subsequent record, under date of Feb. 12, 1655-6, confirms the sale, notwithstanding the purchase-money had not yet been demanded by Mr. Phillips, then residing at Wrentham, to which place he seems to have returned when he left New England. Deputy-governor Danforth resided on this estate nearly half a century, having very much enlarged it by subsequent purchases, and at his death in 1699 bequeathed it to his daughter, the wife of Francis Foxcroft, Esq., whose de- scendants owned it more than a whole century afterwards.
Among the disbursements up to 1645 (at which point there occurs a hiatus of more than twenty years in the account), are many for the relief of the poor as well as for provisions for the " Lord's table," and for other necessaries : -
[1639.] " To Elder Frost we sent the 15 of the 5th month in beefe, chese candle and money to buy corne in all 208.
1.0.0
Given my brother John French the 5th of the 11th 2.0.0
month
Given my brother Towne toward his expense in 1.0.0 a sicknesse
Our brother Syll being deeply indebted and that to ) Mr. Ting 224. 128. we did give of the churches stock half soe much to Mr. Ting if he wold frely forgive the other and give it to our brother Syll wch God moved him to do soe pd.
11.6.0
Payd my brother Towne his half years allowance 308. 1.10.0 Payd him for paynes taken more than ordinary in ) making cleane the meetinge house in the time of 0.12. 0 its repayreinge. 128.
Payd for 9 times going to call the church together at 8ª. a time 68.
0. 6.0
[1640.] To our Elder Frost the 20 of the 3ª month 308. 1. 10. 0 To our sister Albon 1 pk of malt 18d. 0. 1. 6
[1641.] Given our sister Francis More (to supply them) in there need) 58. 17
0. 5.0
258
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
Given our sister Grissell in a hard time 58. 0.5. 0
Sent our sister Maning a leg of mutton 13ª. 0. 1. 1
Sent our sister Banbrick being sick a brest of mutton 0. 0.10 Sent our sister Albone the 27 of the 9 month 1641 ) 0.1. 2
7ª of venison
[1643.] Payd our brother Manninge for a belrope 1 0. 1. 6
Item payd Elder Frost for a years allowance wch was due at midsomer in the yeare 1643, I say pd him 10.0.0 by 102.
Payd on for looking to goody Alborne 4 weeks (she ) found herself)
0.12. 0
Sent our sister Albone 1 bottell sack 11ª. 0. 0. 11"
[" Elder Frost," " brother Banbrick," " brother Syll,"
" sister Maninge " and "sister Stephenson," each re- ceived a similar benefaction during this year.]
[1644.] " Payd Mr. Palsgrave for physic for our sister Albone 0. 2. 6 For 4 years rent for our sister Albone (besides 5 months time allowed her for about 78. charge in 4.0.0 repayer wch she did) I say 4 years 8
[1645.] For cloth for Ben. Eaton for 2 shirts 38. 4ª. 0.3.4
1 pr shoes for Ben Eaton cost 22d. 1 pr cost 14ª. 0.3.0
Payd our brother Briggam for something for cloth- 0.7.6 inge for his sone
Payd brother Chesholme for nessessaryes he layd out for Ben. Eatons clothes
0. 6. 6
Payd for a goat for goody Albone to goodman Prentiss 0. 11. 0"
The close of Mr. Shepard's ministry is described by Mather,2 after his usual quaint manner : "Returning home from a coun- cil at Rowly, he fell into a quinsie, with a symptomatical fever, which suddenly stopped a silver trumpet, from whence the people of God had often heard the joyful sound. Among other passages uttered by him, when he lay a dying, he addressed those that were about him with these words : 'Oh love the Lord Jesus very dearly ; that little part that I have in him is no small comfort to me now.' He died August 25, 1649, when he was forty-three years and nine months old, and left behind him, of three wives, which he successively married, three sons who have since been the shepherds of three several churches in this country." 3 And
1 A similar purchase was made in 1640. 1658), minister at Rowley ; the third was 2 Magnalia, Book iii., eh. v., § 13. Margaret Boradell, who survived him and was mother of Jeremiah (H. C. 1669), minister at Lynn and elsewhere. Besides these, John, a son of the second wife, survived the father, but died young.
3 His first wife was Margaret Toute- ville, who was mother of Thomas (HI. C. 1653), minister at Charlestown ; the see- ond was Joanna, daughter of Rev. Thomas Ilooker, and mother of Samuel (II. C.
259
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
Savage, who surely will not be considered a partial judge, says, " So well employed had been his short life, that no loss of a pub- lic man in our country was more lamented, except that of Gov. Winthrop a few months before."1 It is much to be regretted that no monument marks liis grave.
Almost a year elapsed between the death of Mr. Shepard and the ordination of his successor. In the mean time, a new meet- ing-house was erected. Of the style and dimensions of the old meeting-house we know nothing. Doubtless it was very plain and humble ; yet it was rendered glorious by the manifestation of divine power in the preaching of Hooker and Shepard, two of the most brilliant lights of that age, insomuch that to the congregation of worshippers it became as " the house of God " and " the gate of heaven. " 2 It was built, however, of perishable materials, and although it had stood less than twenty years, it had fallen into decay ; it would seem also that it was not sufficiently large. At first, it was proposed to repair the house " with a four-square roof and covered with shingle," and Edward Goffe, Thomas Marrett, John Stedman, Robert Holmes, and Thomas Danforth, were appointed, Feb. 18, 1649-50, to superintend the repairs. But shortly afterwards, March 11, 1649-50, " At a general ineet- ing of the whole town, it was voted and agreed, that the five men chosen by the town to repair the meeting-house shall desist from the same, and agree with workmen for the building of a new house, about forty foot square and covered as was formerly agreed for the other, and levy a charge of their engagements upon the inhabitants of the town. It was also then voted and generally agreed, that the new meeting-house shall stand on the watch- house hill."8 The new house was erected immediately, as ap- pears by the following extracts from the Town Records : Jan. 13, 1650-51: " The Townsmen do consent that one of the
1 Geneal. Dict.
2 In this house also were probably gathered the whole body of reverend and learned divines in New England at the first two Synods for the determination of vitally important questions both of doc- trine and of church polity : 1. In 1637, when through the prophesyings of Mrs. Hutchinson and others, the religious com- munity was violently agitated, and the two parties, styling each other Antino- mians and Legalists, were on the brink of civil war, a Synod, composed of all the teaching elders in the country and dele-
g ates from the several churches, assembled at Cambridge, and condemned eighty-two opinions adjudged erroneous. 2. In 1646, a second General Synod assembled at Cambridge, and after sundry adjourn- ments was dissolved in 1648, having adopted a system of church discipline called " The Cambridge Platform."
8 The wateh-house hill was in the southwesterly corner of the present Col- lege yard, and extended several feet into Harvard Square, which has been enlarged since that meeting-house was ereeted.
260
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
Elders and two of the Deacons, at the request of John Betts, shall determine whether in equity any satisfaction ought to be rendered by the town to the said John Betts for the land on which the new meeting-house standeth; and with their deter- mination the said John Betts promiseth to set down satisfied." 1 Feb. 26, 1651-2. Ordered, " That the Townsmen shall make sale of the land whereon the old meeting-house stood."
The Reverend Jonathan Mitchell, described by Mather as the " matchless Mitchell," was born at Halifax, in Yorkshire, Eng- land, about 1624, and was brought by his father to New England in 1635. " Their first settlement," says Dr. Holmes, " was at Concord, in Massachusetts ; whence, a year after, they removed to Saybrook, in Connecticut ; and, not long after, to Wethersfield. Their next removal was to Stamford, where Mr. Mitchell, the father, died in 1645, ætat. LV. The classical studies of his son Jonathan were suspended for several years after his arrival in America ; but, ' on the earnest advice of some that had observed his great capacity,' they were at length resumed in 1642. In 1645, at the age of twenty-one, he entered Harvard College. Here he became religiously impressed under Mr. Shepard's minis- try, which he so highly estimated as afterward to observe, 'un- less it had been four years living in heaven, I know not how I could have more canse to bless God with wonder, than for those four years ' spent at the university. He was an indefatigable student, and made great acquirements in knowledge and virtue. His extraordinary learning, wisdom, gravity, and piety, occasioned an early application of several of the most considerable churches for his services in the ministry. The church at Hartford, in par- ticular, sent for him with the intention of his becoming successor to the famous Mr. Hooker. He preached his first sermon at Hart- ford, June 24, 1649 ; and on the day following was invited to a settlement in the ministry in that respectable town. Having however been previously importuned by Mr. Shepard and the principal members of his society to return to Cambridge, free from any engagement, with a view to a settlement there, he de- clined an acceptance of the invitation at Hartford, and returned to Cambridge, where he preached for the first time, Aug. 12, 1649. Here a providential opening was soon made for his in-
1 John Betts owned the lot adjoining the watch-house hill, and fronting on Har- vard Square. It is described on the Pro- prietors' Records as "by the town, one
aere of land, more or less ; Edward Goffe, east ; the watch-house hill, south ; eom- mon, west ; the land intended for the Col- lege, north."
261
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
duction into the ministry. Mr. Shepard died on the 25th of the same month ; and by the unanimous desire of the people of Cam- bridge, Mr. Mitchell was now invited to become liis successor. He accepted the invitation, and was ordained Aug. 21, 1650." 1 " Eighteen years," says Mather, " did he continue a pastor to the church of Cambridge. And as that which encouraged him to accept at first the pastoral charge of that flock, was his being able to write that character of them, that they were a gracious savonry-spirited people, principled by Mr. Shepard, liking an humbling, mourning, heart-breaking ministry and spirit, living in religion, praying men and women, . . .. so the continual prayers of such a people to the Lord Jesus Christ for him doubt- less contributed more than a little unto his being furnished from heaven with such rich treasures of light and grace as made his ministry richly serviceable unto them all." 2 By the concurrent testimony of his contemporaries and subsequent writers he was remarkably distinguished for learning, eloquence, and piety, superadded to uncommon natural gifts. Morton testifies that "he was a person that held very near communion with God ; eminent in wisdom, piety, humility, love, self-denial, and of a compassionate and tender heart; surpassing in public-spirited- ness ; a mighty man in prayer, and eminent at standing in the gap; he was zealous for order, and faithful in asserting the truth against all oppugners of it. In a word, he was a man whom God had richily furnished and eminently fitted for his work ; lived desired, and died lamented, by all good Christians that knew him. It pleased God upon the ninth of July, 1668, in a hot and burning season, (but much more hot in the heat of God's anger to New England,) to take him to rest and glory." 3
About eight years after his ordination, Mr. Mitchell com- menced compiling an account of " the Church of Christ at Cam- bridge," etc., in which he rescued many interesting facts from oblivion. The financial records of the church, kept by the dea- cons, were not resumed until near the close of his ministry. A very few items may be reproduced : -
"20. 3. 67. to Mr. Michell in silver when he went to Rehoboth
ent to } 0.6. 0
1 Mass. Hist. Coll., vii. 48.
2 Magnalia, iv., chap, iv., § 9.
3 New England's Memorial, Davis's ed., pp. 336, 337. For a more full biogra- phy, see Mather's Magnalia, Book iv.,
chap. iv .; and Sibley's Harvard Gradu- ates, i. 141-157; and for the character of his theological labors and writings, see Rev. Mr. Mckenzie's Historical Lec- tures.
262
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
20. 3. 67 to bro. Okes 1 when he went to Rehoboth with 0.4.0 Mr. Michell in silver
22. 4. 67 Payd to Daniell Cheavrs for veall to Mr. 0.5. 0 Chauncy when he was sick
3. 12. 67-8 Payd to Mrs. Danforth in her husband's ) absence in silver the sume of 25 shillings for wine sugar and spice at the buriall of Mrs. Chauncy who deseaced the 24 of the 11. 67
1. 5. 0
27. 4. 68 Paid to John Sheapheard for a fower gallon 0. 3.0" bottell to bring sack for the sacrament
The Town Records also afford some glimpses of the manner of managing ecclesiastical affairs at this period : Nov. 9, 1657. The town " Voted, affirmative, that the deacons, townsmen, Mr. Jacson, Edw. Goffe, Mr. Stedman and Edw. Winship are appointed to make a levy of two hundred and forty pounds for the mainten- ance this year, and for the payment of the debts of our reverend pastor, Mr. Michell." 27, 1. 1665, The selectmen " Ordered, that all persons that do contribute to the ministry of this place do, upon the first second day 2 of May next, appear before the deacons and selectmen, to clear the payment of their dues for time past, or send in writing a receipt thereof under the hand of our pastor or deacons, and that for the future every one do annually attend the like order at the same time; the place of meeting to be at the meeting-house, and the time by eight of the clock in the morning." Feb. 18, 1658-9. " Voted, that the Elders, Deacons, and Selectmen for the time being, shall be a constant and settled power for regulating the seating of persons in the meeting-house, from time to time, as need shall require." One of the acts of this committee is recorded under date of Jan. 19, 1662-3.
" The committee for ordering the seating of people in the meeting house, being met at the ordinary, appointed
Bro. Ri. Jackson's wife to sit there where sister Kempster was wont to sit.
Mrs. Upham, with her mother.
Ester Sparhauke, in the place where Mrs. Upham is removed from.
Daniel Champney, Ephraim Winship, on the south gallery.
Jno. Stedman, on the fore gallery on the south side.
Joanna Winship, in the place where Ester Sparhauke was wont to sit.
1 Edward Oakes, father of President Oakes.
2 The first Monday.
263
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
Mary Lemon, where old sister Jackson was wont to sit.
Mr. Day, to sit in the 2d seat from the table.
Ens. Samuel Greene, to sit at the table.
Ri. Bobbins, to sit in the place where Ens. Greene was wont to sit.
Jno. Gibson, where Mr. Day was wont to sit.
Richard Eccles, where John Gibson was wont to sit.
Benj. Crackbone, where Richard Eccles was wont to sit.
Justinian Holden, to sit in the foremost seats.
Robert Stedman, to sit in the second seats.
Goode Gates, at the end of the Deacons seats."
Almost all the congregation either walked to the meeting- house, or rode on horseback. For the accommodation of eques- trians, in mounting, dismounting, and passing between their beasts and the house, Nov. 20, 1665, " The Townsmen do order the Constables to make a convenient horse-block at the meeting- house, and causeway to the door." And to secure order in the house and the comfort of the worshippers, Nov. 12, 1666, " Thomas Fox is ordered to look to the youth in time of public worship, until the next monthly meeting, and to inform against such as he find disorderly. . . . . The Constables are' ordered to repair the glass about the meeting-house, and to get the pinning mended."
During his ministry, Mr. Mitchell encountered two special trials, namely, the division of his church, and the reputed heresy and open opposition of President Dunster. It has already been related in chapter viii., that as early as March, 1654-5, some of the inhabitants on the south side of the river requested "that they might have the ordinances of Christ amongst them, distinct . from the town." Doubtless Mr. Mitchell shared the fears which were expressed by the townsmen, that "the fraction will prove destructive to the whole body." Upon the extreme urgency of the petitioners, the town consented, Jan. 23, 1659-60, " that the remote inhabitants on the south side of the River should annually be abated the one half of their proportion to the ministry's allow- ance, during the time that they were provided of an able minister according to law." And Jan. 15, 1661-2, all persons residing south of the river and more than four miles distant from the old meeting-house, were released from all ministerial charges, on con- dition that they should " give good security to the town for the payment of twenty pounds per annum forever to the use of the other part of the town belonging to the old meeting-house on the
264
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
north side of the River." Although these propositions were not accepted, the agitation was continued for many years, until New- ton became a separate town. Mr. Mitchell did not live long enough to witness the final catastrophe; but the church was effectually divided in his lifetime, and Rev. John Eliot, Jr., was ordained pastor of that portion which withdrew from the parent body, July 20, 1664. A still greater trial was the open opposition of President Dunster to an ordinance which Mr. Mitchell con- sidered important and sacred. When Mr. Dunster became a member of Mr. Shepard's church, about 1640, he avowed his belief that the children of believers ought to be baptized, and his willingness that baptism should be administered by sprinkling.1 Afterwards, he opposed both ; he withheld his own infants from baptism, and publicly denounced such baptism as "not according to the institution of Christ," when administered to others. It is related by Mather that, besides his public advocacy of infant baptism, Mitchell labored privately with Dunster, though he felt " embarrassed in a controversy with so considerable a person, and with one who had been his tutor, and a worthy and a godly man."2 His efforts to reclaim his former guide and instructor were unavailing. Dunster became more and more violent in op- position to what he regarded as error, until he both forfeited the office of President of the College and exposed himself to the pen- alty of a violated law. He was indicted by the grand jury, April 2, 1655, " for disturbance of the ordinances of Christ upon the Lord's day at Cambridge, July thie 30th 1654, to the dishonor of the name of Christ, his truth, and minister." 3 It was testified
1 " As prayer, so the Lord hath given ster, it should be remembered that their . 2 sacraments. 1. Baptism, by which we personal friendship continued through have our initiation ; and concerning it, I life. In his will, Dunster styles Mitchell and President Chauncy (his successor in the presidency), his " trusty friends and brethren," and gave to each of them sundry books from his library. And Ma- ther says, that " Mr. Mitchell continued such an esteem " for Mr. Dunster, "that although his removal from the govern- ment of the College, and from his dwell- ing-place in Cambridge, had been pro- cured by these differences, yet when he died, he honored him with an elegy," which " very truly points out that gen- erous, gracious, catholic spirit, which adorned that person who wrote it."
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