USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Cambridge > History of Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1630-1877. With a genealogical register > Part 5
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However doubtful the cause, the fact is certain, that the greater part of the First Church and Congregation removed from New Town; more than fifty families went to Hartford, and others else- where. Of the families residing here before January, 1635, not more than eleven are known to have remained. The following list of inhabitants is compiled from the Records of the Town, under the dates when they first appear. It should be observed, however, that perhaps many of them were here earlier than the
1 Ilist. Mass., i. 43.
2 Ilist. Conn., i. 224.
32
. HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
dates would indicate. For example, Dudley and Bradstreet, and probably others, under date of 1632, were here in 1631; many of those who are entered under date of 1633 were certainly here in 1632 ; and some of those whose names first appear in 1634 had perhaps been residents one or two years previously. It may also be observed, that of those who 'removed, many did not permanently remain in the town first selected, but subsequently went elsewhere; yet it does not properly fall within my province to trace their various emigrations.
1632.
Thomas Dudley, Esq.1
Simon Bradstreet.1 Edmund Lockwood.2 Daniel Patrick.3
John Poole.4 William Spencer.5 John Kirman.4 Simon Sackett.2
1633.
Jeremy Adams.5
Stephen Hart.5
Joseph Reading.1
Matthew Allen.5
John Haynes, Esq.5
Nathaniel Richards.5
John Benjamin. 6
Thomas Heate.7
Thomas Spencer.5
Jonathan Bosworth."
Rev. Thomas Hooker.5
Edward Stebbins.5
John Bridge.6
John Hopkins.5
George Steele.5 John Steele.5
Richard Butler.5
Thomas Hosmer.5
William Butler.5
William Kelsey.5
Rev. Samuel Stone.5
John Clark.5
William Lewis.5
John Talcott.5
Anthony Colby.8
Richard Lord.5
Wm. Wadsworth.5 Andrew Warner.5
Daniel Denison.1
John Masters.6
Samuel Dudley.9
Abraham Morrill.
Richard Webb.5
Edward Elmer.5
Hester Mussey.5
Richard Goodman.5
James Olmstead.5
John White.5
William Goodwin.5
William Pantry.5 John Pratt.5
1634.
Daniel Abbott.10
Thomas Beale,6
Robert Day.5
William Andrews.5
Christopher Cane.6
Joseph Easton.5
John Arnold.5
Mrs. Chester.5
Nathaniel Ely.5
Guy Banbridge.6
Nicholas Clark.5
James Ensign.5
John Barnard.5
Dolor Davis.11
Thomas Fisher.12
1 Removed to Ipswich.
2 Died here; family removed to Con- neetieut.
8 Removed to Watertown.
+ Removed to Lynn.
5 Removed to Hartford.
6 Remained here.
7 Removed to Hingham.
8 Removed to Salisbury.
9 Removed to Boston.
10 Removed to Providenee.
11 Removed to Coneord.
12 Removed to Dedham.
William Westwood.5
Garrad Haddon.
CIVIL HISTORY.
33
Edmund Gearner.1 John Gibson.2 Seth Grant.3
Bartholomew Green.2
Samuel Green.2
Samuel Greenhill.3
Nathaniel Hancock.2
Edmund Hunt.4
Thomas Judd.3 William Mann.2
John Maynard.3 Joseph Mygate.8 Stephen Post.3 John Prince.5 Thomas Scott.3
Garrad Spencer.7
Michael Spencer.7 Timothy Stanley.3 George Stocking.8 Timothy Tomlins." Humphrey Vincent.6 Samuel Wakeman.3
Samuel Whitehead.3 Simon Willard.8
1 Perhaps the Edmund Gardner, who was in Ipswich, 1638. 2 Remained here.
3 Removed to Hartford. 4 Removed to Duxbury.
5 Removed to Hull. 6 Removed to Ipswich. 7 Removed to Lynn. 8 Removed to Concord.
3
CHAPTER V.
CIVIL HISTORY.
IT has already been mentioned in the preceding chapter, that Mr. Hooker and a large proportion of his church removed from New Town in 1635 and 1636; and that Mr. Shepard with an- other company purchased their houses and lands. Among " the reasons which swayed him to come to New England," Mr. Shep- ard says in his Autobiography, " Divers people in Old England of my dear friends desired me to go to New England there to live together, and some went before and writ to me of providing a place for a company of us, one of which was John Bridge, and I saw divers families of my Christian friends, who were resolved thither to go with me." Accordingly " in the year 1634, about the beginning of the winter," he embarked at Harwich, having with him " brother Champney, Frost, Goffe, and divers others, most dear saints," who afterwards were inhabitants of Cam- bridge. They were driven back by stress of weather, and the voyage was abandoned. But " about the 10th of August, 1635," he again embarked ; " and so the Lord, after many sad storms and wearisome days and many longings to see the shore, brought us to the sight of it upon Oct. 2, 1635, and upon Oct. the 3d, we arrived with my wife, child, brother Samuel, Mr. Harla- kenden, Mr. Cooke, &c., at Boston. - When we had been here two days, upon Monday Oct. 5, we came (being sent for by friends at Newtown) to them, to my brother Mr. Stone's house ; and that congregation being upon their removal to Hartford at Connecticut, myself and those that came with me found many houses empty and many persous willing to sell, and here our company bought off their houses to dwell in until we should see another place fit to remove into ; but having been here some time, divers of our brethren did desire to sit still and not to re- move farther, partly because of the fellowship of the churches, partly because they thought their lives were short and removals to near plantations full of troubles, partly because they found
35
CIVIL HISTORY.
sufficient for themselves and their company,"1 Besides those who are here named by Mr. Shepard, another Mr. Cooke and William French came in the same ship ( The Defence) with him ; and the larger portion of those whose names first appear in 1635 and 1636 may safely be regarded as members of his company, to wit : -
1635.
Jonas Austin.2
Roger Harlakenden, Esq.3
Thomas Blodgett.8
Atherton Haugh.3
Thomas Blower.8
William Holman.3
William Blumfield.4
Jolın Jackson.8
Robert Bradish.3
William Jones.5
Thomas Brigham.8
William Buck.ª
William Butler. 4
Barnabas Lamson.8 Thomas Marrett.3 John Meane.8
Clement Chaplin.
. Nicholas Olmstead.4 Thomas Parish.3
George Cooke.3
Robert Parker.8
Joseph Cooke.3
John Pratt.6
Simon Crosby.3
William Ruscoe .4
Nicholas Danforth.8
John Russell.3
William French.3
Samuel Shepard.3
Edmund Frost.3
Rev. Thomas Shepard.3
Richard Girling.8
Edward Winship.3
Edward Goffe.3
William Witherell.7
Percival Green.3
1836.
William Adams.8
Edmund Angier.3
James Bennett.9
John Cooper.8
Thomas Besbeech.10
Gilbert Crackbone.3
Richard Betts.8
Francis Griswold.3
Peter Bulkeley.9
Thomas Hayward.11
Benjamin Burr.4
Ralph Hudson.12
John Champney.8 Richard Champney.8
Joseph Isaac.3
Richard Jackson.3
1 Life of Shepard, edition of 1832, pp. 42-58.
2 Removed to Hingham.
3 Remained here.
4 Removed to Hartford.
5 Removed to Charlestown.
6 Removed to Hartford. Two of the same name were here.
7 Afterwards settled in the ministry at Seituate.
8 Removed to Ipswich.
9 Removed to Concord.
10 Removed to Scituate or Duxbury ; afterwards to Sudbury.
11 Removed to Duxbury.
12 A proprietor ; but resided in Boston.
Josiah Cobbett.2 Edward Collins.3
Thomas Chesholme.3
36
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
John King.1
John Santley.1
John Moore.2
Nathaniel Sparhawk.2
Walter Nichols.8
Comfort Starr.5
Richard Parke.2
Gregory Stone.2
William Patten.2
William Towne.2
Richard Rice.4
Thomas Welles.6
Nicholas Roberts.1
John Woolcott.7
Immediately after the arrival of Mr. Shepard's company, they became prominent in municipal affairs, although the larger part of Mr. Hooker's company did not remove until six months after- wards. I quote again from the Town Records : -
Nov. 23, 1635. " At a general meeting of the whole town, there was then chosen, to order the business of the whole town for the year following, and until new be chosen in their room, Mr. Roger Harlakenden, William Spencer, Andrew Warner, Joseph Cooke, John Bridge, Clement Chaplin, Nicholas Dan- forth, Thomas Hosmer, William Andrews: which nine men are to have the power of the Town as those formerly chosen had, as may appear in the order made the 3d Feb. 1634. (1634-5.)
" Further, there was chosen and sworn William Andrews, con- stable for the year following, and until a new be chosen.
" Further, there was then chosen for the year following Bar- nabas Lambson to be surveyor of the highways.
" It is further ordered, That the Town Book shall be at Wil- liam Spencer's house."
With a change of government came a change of customs. Some of the common planting fields became private property. Thus the Old Field, containing about sixty-three acres, was di- vided between Edward Goffe, Samuel Shepard, and Joseph Cooke. Small-lot-Hill, in like manner, passed into fewer hands. Farms were granted to such as desired them, both on the south side of the River, and in the territory now embraced in Arling- ton and Lexington. Much the larger portion of the inhabitants continued to reside in the "town," and " West End," very few venturing beyond the line of Sparks, Wyeth, and Garden Streets ; but provision was made for the suitable care of their cattle, on the commons, by keepers specially appointed. Rules were adopted to promote the comfort and convenience of the inhabi- tants, and to protect them against annoyance by undesirable
1 Names soon disappeared.
2 Remained here.
3 Removed to Charlestown.
4 Removed to Concord.
5 Removed to Duxbury.
6 Removed to Hartford.
7 A proprietor ; but resided in Water-
town.
37
CIVIL HISTORY.
associates. A few extracts from the Records may help to ex- hibit their condition.
Dec. 7, 1635. " It is ordered, That the monthily meeting, every first Monday [in the month], according to the first order, shall [be continued ; ] and whosoever appears not within half an hour after the ringing of the bell, shall pay for the first day vid., and [for the second] day xiid., and so to double it every day, [unless he have] a just excuse, such as may give satisfaction to the rest of the company.1
" It is further ordered, That there shall be a sufficient bridge made down to low-water mark on this side the River, and a broad ladder [set up] on the farther side the River, for conveni- ence [of] landing ; and Mr. Chaplin, Mr. Danforth and Mr. Cooke to see it made." 2
Jan. 4, 1635-6, " It is ordered, That Mr. Joseph Cooke shall keep the ferry, and have a penny over, and a half a penny on Lecture days.3
" It is further ordered, That there shall be a double rail set up from the Pine Swamp fence to West-end Field fence, for the milch cows to lie in, on nights, and that no other cattle whatever to go there, either swine, goats, mares, or the like." 4
Feb. 8, 1635-6, " Agreed with Mr. Chapline, that his man
1 This order would seem to require a monthly meeting of all the inhabitants ; but the records indicate that only the Townsmen thus met. A general town ineeting was seldom held, except annu- ally in November, for the election of offi- cers.
2 This bridge, or causeway, was at the southerly end of Dunster Street. Traces of the old road on the south side of the river were visible not long ago (and per- haps still remain), several rods east of the present road leading from the Great Bridge to Brighton. Connected with this canse- way was the ferry, named in the next order.
3 Although there were then few, if any, inhabitants of the New Town residing on the south side of the River, yet many per- sons crossed the ferry, in going from town to town, especially on Leeture-days. Winthrop tells us, in 1634, -" It being found that the four Lectures did spend too much time, and proved overburden- some to the ministers and people, the ministers, with the advice of the inagis- trates, and with the consent of their eon-
gregations, did agree to reduce them to two days, viz. : Mr. Cotton one Thurs- day, or the 5th day of the week, and Mr. Hooker at New Town the next 5th day ; and Mr. Warham at Dorchester one 4th day of the week, and Mr. Welde at Rox- bury, the next 4th day." This arrange- ment was not effectual ; for Winthrop adds five years later, in 1639, " there were so many Leetures now in the country, and many poor persons would usually resort to two or three in the week, to the great neg- lect of their affairs, and the damage of the public," etc. The General Court at- tempted to correct the evil ; but the El- ders, or Pastors of Churches, manifested such a keen jealousy of their rights, that the attempt was abandoned, and all cvi- dence of it was suppressed, or exeluded from the records. Savage's Winthrop, i. 144, 324-326.
4 This fence was where Linnæan Street now is, and was the northern boundary of the eow-common; the other sides were bounded by the present Garden Street and North Avenne.
38
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
shall keep the goats, and to have three half pence a week for one goat, and a penny a week for wethers or kids ; to begin next Monday."
March 1, 1635-6, " Agreed with Richard Rice to keep 100 cows for the space of three months, to begin when he shall be appointed ; and is to have ten pounds paid him within ten days after the ships be come in, or in June. Also he is to have 2 men to help him keep them the first 14 days, and one man the next 7 days ; also to have them kept 2 sabbath days, and he one, during the time. Also he is to fetch the cows into the town every morn- ing ont of the common, half an hour after the sun is up, at the farthest, and to bring them into the town half an hour before the sun goeth down, and to pay iiid. a cow for every night he leaveth out any. Also he is not to keep any cattle for any man except he have leave from the Townsmen, upon the forfeiture of v8. a cow he shall so keep. Also he hath liberty to keep his own heifer without pay."
" Agreed with John Clarke to make a sufficient weir to catcli alewives upon Menotomies River in the bounds of this town, be- fore the 12th of April next, and shall sell and deliver unto the inhabitants of the town and no other, except for bait, all the ale- wives he shall take at iiis., 6ª. per thousand, and shall at all times give such notice to the persons that shall be appointed to fetch them away as he shall be directed, who shall discharge the said John Clarke of them within 24 hours after notice, or else he to have liberty to sell them to whom he can. Provided, and it, is the meaning of the Townsmen, that if any shall desire to have some to eat before the great quantity cometh, then he is to have iid. a score and fetch thiem there, or iiid. a score and he bring them home. Further the Townsmen do promise in the belialf of the town to make good all those fish that he shall be damnified by the Indians, that is, shall himself deliver unto them, being appointed before by the Townsmen how many he shall deliver. Also to save him harmless from any damage he shall sustain by Wattertowne, provided it be not his own fault. He is to have his money within 14 days after he hath done fishing."
March 13, 1635-6, " Agreed with William Patten to keep 100 cattle on the other side the River for the space of seven months, to begin when the Town shall appoint him, and to have twenty pounds, the one half paid him in money when he hath keep half his time, and the other half in corn when he hath done keeping, at the price which the common rate of corn goeth when
39
CIVIL HISTORY.
he is to be paid. And he is to have a man to help him the first 14 days, he paying him for one week, the Town for the other ; also he is to lodge there except once a week, and to have a man to keep them every other sabbath day; and he to pay x8. a beast for every beast he shall lose ; and to keep no cattle of any man, except the Townsinen give leave, upon the forfeiture of 58. a head for every head he shall so keep."
" The hog-keeper began to keep on the first of April, being the fifth day of the week, at 108. per week so long as the Towns- men please to have him keep them ; and he is to keep them at Rocky Meadow."
April. 4, 1636. " Agreed with John Talcott and William Wadsworth to have their house at Rocky Meadow this year, for the hog-keeper to abide in ; and they are to have their cattle go free from paying towards the pound for dry cattle this year."
" It is ordered, That Richard Rice shall begin to keep the cows the 11th of April, 1636."
" It is ordered, That William Pattine shall begin to keep the dry cattle the 14th of April."
" Ordered, That whosoever finds a cock, hen, or turkey, in a garden, it shall be lawful for them to require three pence of the owner; and if they refuse to pay, then to kill the same."
" Andrew Warner and Joseph Cooke to make a rate for the division of the alewives." 1
April 23, 1636. " Agreed with Andrew Warner to fetch home the alewives from the weir ; and he is to have xvid. a thousand, and load them himself, for carriage ; and to have power to take any man to help him, he paying of him for his work.
" Andrew Warner appointed to see a cartway made to the weir."
" William Reskie appointed to make a pound."
Oct. 3, 1636. " Agreed with Mr. Cooke to take up all the stubs that are within the bounds of the town, that is, within the town gates ; 2 and he is to have ixd. apiece for taking up the same,
1 It was customary to put one or more dog that shall be taken damage feasant, alewives in each hill of corn, and to use with all other just damages." them otherwise for the enrichment of the 2 "Town gates" then stood across Harvard Street, near Linden Street ; across Brattle Street, probably near Ash Street ; and across the street between the College yard and the Burial-place. Bc- sides these, there were other gates to pro- tect the cow-common ; one across Kirk- land Street, near Oxford Street; one soil. They were considered of so much value for this purpose as to be divided ratably. As late as June 10, 1649, it was " ordered, by the Townsmen, that all per- sons provide that their dogs may do no harm in corn or gardens, by scraping up the fish, upon the penalty of 3d. for every
.
40
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
and filling up the holes, all above iii. inches [deep], which he is to do before the first of December, or else to forfeit 5l."
Dec. 5, 1636. " Ordered, That no man inliabiting or not in- habiting within the bounds of the town shall let or sell any house or land unto any, without the consent of the Townsmen then in place, unless it be to a member of the congregation ; and lest any one shall sustain loss thereby, they shall come and proffer the same unto them, upon a day of the monthly meeting, and at such a rate as he shall not sell or let for a lesser price unto any than he offereth unto them, and to leave the same in their hands, in liking, until the next meeting day in the next month, when, if they shall not take it, paying the price within some convenient time, or provide him a chapman, he shall then be free to sell or let the same unto any other, provided the Townsmen think them fit to be received in."
" Ordered, That whosoever entertains any stranger into the town, if the congregation desire it, he shall set the town free of them again within one month after warning given them, or else he shall pay 198. 8ª. unto the townsmen as a fine for his default, and as much for every month they shall there remain.
" There is granted unto Frances Greshold, the Drummer, 2 acres of land, lying at the end of Barnebe Lambson's pale to- wards Charlestowne, in regard of his service amongst the soldiers upon all occasions, as long as lie stayeth, with condition, if he depart the town and leave off that service within two years, he shall leave it unto the town at the charge it hath cost him in building and enclosing."
Jan. 2, 1636-7. " It is granted unto Joseph Cooke to have the hill by his house, which have been hitherto preserved for a place to build a fort upon for defence, with all the lane leading there- unto ; provided if the town shall ever make use of it for that end, he shall yield it again ; or else to remain to him and his heirs forever.1
" Granted to Mr. Richard Harlakingden six hundred acres of upland and meadow, at the place called Vine Brook, in the mid- way between Newtowne and Concord, upon condition lie sendeth over his man, or ordereth that some other may build upon it and
across Garden Street, at the west end of Linnæan Street, and probably another at its east end, across North Avenue.
1 The honse of Joseph Cooke stood at the northeasterly corner of Holyoke Street and Holyoke Place ; and it is believed by
some that a portion of it still remains. The hill reserved for a fort is the high land at the southeasterly angle of Holyoke Place. Mr. Cooke's lot contained five aeres, lying east of Holyoke Street, and south of Mount Auburn Street.
41
CIVIL HISTORY.
improve it for him the next summer after this next ensuing, and now, this spring, [give] certain intelligence he will do so; and upon condition likewise that he cometh himself the next summer after being the third from this time ; and if he shall fail in all or any one of these three conditions, then this grant to be void." 1
Jan. 14, 1638-9. " Ordered, there being found much damage done by swine in this town, since the order of the General Court was repealed, and they left at liberty for each town to order, - it is therefore ordered, at a general meeting of the Townsmen, with a general consent of the inhabitants then present, that is to say, that none, either rich or poor, shall keep above two swine abroad on the common, one sow hog and a barrow, or 2 barrows ; and these to be sufficiently yoked and ringed, after the judgment of the two brethren that are appointed to see to the execution of this order, and to bring in a note of such defaults as they find. And if any be found defective, to break this order, either by keeping more than 2 hogs, and such hogs, so let abroad, if not sufficiently [yoked and ringed] after the order, shall pay for every breach of this order 28., unless in case there should be any failing by unexpected providence, and can be so proved by suffi- cient evidence ; in that case there may be mitigation of this fine, otherwise to take place without all excuses, to the end that each man and this commonweal may be preserved from damage by that creature in this our town."
Oct. 1, 1639. " Ordered, for the preservation of apple-trees and all other kind of quick-set, in men's yards or elsewhere, and for preventing all other damage by them and harm to themselves by skipping over pales, That no goats shall be suffered to go out of the owner's yard without a keeper ; but if it appeareth to be willingly, they shall pay unto any one that will put them to pound two pence for every goat, beside damage and poundage. And because the charge would be too great if only a part of them be kept, it is therefore also ordered, that whosoever shall not put forth their goats shall notwithstanding pay to the keeper within one third part as much for every goat as they that do put them ont, until the first of March ; and after that day, to the full as much as any do for those that are with the herd."
1 Richard Harlakenden was elder broth- er to Roger Harlakenden, and had been very kind to Mr. Shepard in England. He did not comply with the conditions of this grant; and the same land was as-
March, 1639-40. " Ordered, That William Towne shall regis- signed, April 2, 1638, to Roger Harla- kenden, in lieu of five hundred aeres previously granted to him on the south side of the river. Vine Brook passes through the central portion of Lexington.
42
HISTORY OF CAMBRIDGE.
ter every birth, marriage, and burial, according to the order of Court in that case provided, and give it in, once every year, to be delivered by the Deputies to the Recorder ; and shall gather for every particular entrance 1 penny for the Recorder's fees, and xiiª. for himself."
1640. "Granted unto Joseph Cooke a farm of 400 acres of the nearest npland adjoining to his meadow lying be- yond Cheesecake Brook 1 and between that and Charles River ; and also liberty to go with a straight line, (on the hithermost side of his meadow on this side Cheesecake Brook), down by the edge of the highland, to Charles River."
At the same meeting grants of farms were made to other per- sons, to wit : to Samuel Shepard 400 acres adjoining and be- yond the farm of Joseph Cooke; to Capt. George Cooke, 600 acres ; to Edward Goffe, 600 acres ; to John Bridge, 350 acres ; severally " about the outside of the bounds between Watertowne, Concord, and Charlestowne."
During this period, the General Court passed several orders, affecting the comfort and prosperity of the people dwelling here : -
Oct. 28, 1636. " The Court agreed to give 4007. towards a school or college, whereof 2007. to be paid the next year, and 2007. when the work is finished, and the next Court to appoint where and what building." 2
Dec. 13, 1636. " It is ordered, That all military men in this jurisdiction shall be ranked into three regiments, viz., Boston, Roxberry, Dorchester, Weimoth, Hingham, to be one regiment, whereof John Winthrope, senior, Esquire, shall be colonel, and Tho. Dudley, Esquire, lieftenant colonel :
" Charlestowne, Newetowne, Watertowne, Concord, and Ded- dam, to be another regiment, whereof John Haynes, Esqr. shall be colonel, and Roger Herlakenden Esq. lieftenant colonel :
1 Cheesecake Brook is in the westerly 23 acres of land, on which Holworthy, part of Newton.
2 Mass. Col. Rec., i. 183. President Quiney (Hist. Harv. Coll., i. 1), states that this foundation of the College was laid Sept. 8, 1636, overlooking the faet that the General Court, which met on that day, adjourned until October, and made this grant on the 28th day of that month. The College was ordered to be established at Newtown, Nov. 15, 1637, and the town granted "to the Professor "
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