USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Westminster > History of Westminster, Massachusetts (first named Narragansett no. 2) from the date of the original grant of the township to the present time, 1728-1893, with a biographic-genealogical register of its principal families > Part 1
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S
S
DATE DUE
HISTORY
OF
WESTMINSTER
MASSACHUSETTS
(FIRST NAMED NARRAGANSETT NO. 2)
FROM THE DATE OF THE ORIGINAL GRANT OF THE TOWNSHIP TO THE PRESENT TIME
1728-1893
WITH
A BIOGRAPHIC-GENEALOGICAL REGISTER OF ITS PRINCIPAL FAMILIES
BY
-
WILLIAM SWEETZER HEYWOOD
MEMBER OF THE NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC-GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THIE WORCESTER SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITY.
LOWELL, MASS .: VOX POPULI PRESS: S. W. HUSE & CO. 1893.
975 Masz Wat he
TO THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF WESTMINSTER,
WHEREVER RESIDING, AND Their Children and Successors unto many Generations; ALSO, TO THE MEMORY OF
THE FOUNDERS OF THE TOWN,
AND OF ALL THOSE WHO HAVE DWELT WITHIN ITS BORDERS, ENJOYED ITS PRIVILEGES,
CONTRIBUTED TO ITS GROWTH AND PROSPERITY, AND PASSED AWAY, THIS VOLUME
IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY
THE AUTHOR.
PREFACE
IN the summer of 1883 it was my privilege to attend, for the first time, one of the annual gatherings at Wachusett Park, known in the general neighborhood as "The Old Folks' Pic- nic." As I conversed with different elderly people there, and listened to the formal addresses of the occasion, composed largely of reminiscences and tales of by-gone days, I was impressed with the desirability and importance of having a comprehensive History of Westminster published, not only to rescue from oblivion many interesting facts, incidents, and events, which otherwise would soon be irretrievably lost to human knowledge, but also for the purpose of collating, con- densing, and having in readily accessibly form, whatever might be found in any public records relating to the town, of perma- nent value to the citizens, to the public at large, or to the student of past times. And in the same connection it occurred to me that, possibly, I might be prompted to undertake the task indicated myself at some future day, should circumstances per- mit; little realizing, however, what an amount of time, research. and wearisome labor would be required for its accomplishment.
Not long after this I took up my abode in the city of Boston, having been called to a post of professional service there, locat- ing in the immediate vicinity of the rooms of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, -a vast repository of such lore as the name indicates, -and of the State House, where are extensive stores of information pertaining to the settlement and early affairs of the older towns of the Commonwealth. Under the influence of the impression alluded to, I very soon fell into the way of visiting one or the other of these places
vi
HISTORY OF WESTMINSTER, MASS.
whenever I had a leisure hour, and of collecting such data as might be of service to me should I ever conclude to carry the suggestion accompanying it into effect. The continuance of this practice for three or four years, and the custom of spending several weeks each summer in town, interviewing the older portion of the population, and indeed all whom I thought could aid me in my investigations, or at Worcester or Cambridge, in searching the various registries and documents there, resulted in such a growing interest in the matter on my part, and in such an accumulation of valuable material, that the question of going forward and completing what had been so effectively begun became one of serious moment to me, and one not to be put aside or answered without due deliberation.
Before a satisfactory conclusion in regard to it could be reached, it was necessary to ascertain where and how the money that would be required to publish the proposed work was to be obtained. An application was therefore made to the citizens of the town in this behalf, the response to which was highly gratifying and satisfactory. At the annual meeting in 1888, it was voted, with very few dissenting voices, that the town purchase four hundred copies of the History when it should be published, at the rate of three and a half dollars per copy, making an aggregate sum of fourteen hundred dollars. A committee consisting of Artemas Merriam, Joseph Hager, Daniel C. Miles, Theodore S. Wood, and Edward S. Kendall was chosen to advise and co-operate with me in promoting the end in view. At the same meeting, as a token of good faith and of kindly feeling on the part of the citizens, a gratuity of five hundred dollars was voted me, and paid at an early day.
Thus encouraged and assured, I entered at once upon the labor of preparing the material at my command, with such additions as subsequently were made to it, for the press, and from that date to the present have devoted to it the greater part of my time and energy. That labor has grown upon my hands to such an extent that the volume resulting from it ex- ceeds the limit first proposed by more than one hundred and fifty pages, increasing the cost thereby some twenty per cent., which, with the introduction of several illustrations not included in the original estimate, will virtually consume the gratuity re- ceived.
vii
PREFACE.
In what I have written, it has been my endeavor to produce a history and not a romance. I have verified the statements made for the most part by referring to original authorities, or, when this was impracticable, have found reasons for them that seemed to me sound and satisfactory. Doubt in any instance has been duly expressed by some qualifying word or phrase. Town, County, and State records have furnished me, essentially, the foundation upon which the superstructure has been built, and these have been supplemented by personal interviews, dia- ries, and memoranda, family registries, tomb-stone inscriptions, hundreds of circulars and letters scattered far and wide, even to the most remote parts of the country, published town and family histories, and by every known device by which I could gain the information I desired and make the work complete and trustworthy.
I have also striven to write in a spirit of strict impartiality, purposing to treat all with whom I have had to do with fairness and equity. I have, as far as possible, divested myself of all personal and partisan feeling or prejudice whenever I deemed it necessary to exercise and express an opinion or pass judg- ment, and have tried to deal justly and honorably by all con- cerned. No doubt I have erred in some instances, partly from a limitation of knowledge, partly from misinformation, but never, I can honestly say, intentionally or from unworthy motives.
Moreover, it has been my resolute determination, from the beginning and at every point involving moral considerations, to commend and honor virtue and piety-all those qualities which adorn, ennoble, and glorify human character, and tend to make human life the image of the life of the all-perfect God. Under the same guidance, I have sought to exert a salutary influence upon the social relations of men, expressing admiration for, and lending encouragement to, whatever is calculated to promote the welfare, prosperity, and happiness of the community, and make of this present world an outlying province of the kingdom of heaven.
In the prosecution of my work it has been a source of con- stant and profound regret that I have not been able to do what I believe to be full justice to woman,-to bring her into greater prominence, and assign her to her rightful place in the com-
viii
HISTORY OF WESTMINSTER, MASS.
munity and town whose historic features this volume assumes to portray. But this has been found to be practically impos- sible. Society, in its present organic form, not only makes little account of woman, but, for the most part, excludes her from view. In all public concerns man is at the front: man alone, with rare exceptions, appears in all public records. And history, general and local, is written accordingly. Yet, woman is an essential part of every community, and constitutes a vital factor in every problem affecting the common welfare and hap- piness. In the home, which is the heart of modern civilization, in moral and religious concerns, in church work, in humane and charitable enterprises, in educational activities, she has proved herself to be a great power for good, contributing her equal share to the promotion of the higher interests, and to the devel- opment of the best life, of all classes and conditions of people. Such, in my judgment, has been the case in Westminster, and not to recognize and record the fact in some positive way in this History would render it radically defective, - would be to withold the tribute of respect and honor from great numbers of those to whom such tribute is due.
This book, in all important respects, is emphatically my own. The general plan of it is of my devising, and I am alone respon- sible for the selection, classification, and general treatment of the numerous subjects represented. With the exception of the " Sketches" of the First Congregational and Baptist Churches, which were prepared by Revs. Charles M. Palmer and Lyman Partridge, respectively, -favors hereby gratefully acknowl- edged,- I have written every word to be found within its lids. The material kindly furnished me by others, I have examined, condensed, arranged, and put in proper shape for the printer's use. The illustrations are virtually of my selection, although most of them were introduced by the consent and approval of the "Committee on the History," chosen by the town. I have also had charge of all the business details connected with the printing and binding of the work, and with whatever was need- ful to make it ready for its readers, and for a place in the length- ening catalogue of the town histories of New England.
Of the illustrations it may be said that the full page portraits were furnished by the persons they represent or their immediate relatives or friends ; private residences and places of business
ix
PREFACE.
by their owners; and houses of worship by the societies to whom they belong. The expense of landscapes, with a single excep- tion, of the Soldiers' Monument, the Second Meetinghouse (the internal plan of which, mentioned on page 277, I am obliged to omit), and also of the map and Proprietors' plan is included in the aggregate cost of the book. For the electrotype engrav- ing of Gen. Nelson A. Miles I am indebted to S. F. Blanchard & Co., of Worcester; and for the wood-cut of the "Garfield House," to the American Antiquarian Society and its accom- plished librarian, Edmund M. Barton, as I am for many other favors.
In this connection it may be stated that of the more than forty pictorial embellishments which appear in the following pages, all the landscapes and other out-door views were made by W. P. Allen, of Gardner, whose work in that line of art is of unsurpassed excellence. About half of the personal likenesses were also the products of his labor and skill; the remainder coming from the establishment of the Lux Engraving Co., Boston. The map of the town was made by the Boston Helio- type Printing Co., and the wood-cut of the meetinghouse by John M. Keenan, Worcester. The printing, by S. W. Huse & Co., Lowell, and the binding, by N. Wilson & Co., Boston, speak for themselves, and reflect much credit upon those under whose supervision they were respectively done.
I cheerfully and gratefully acknowledge my obligations to the very many persons who have furnished me with informa- tion, or with facilities for obtaining information, suited to my purpose, or who have in any way aided me, by word or deed, in carrying that purpose into effect. The list of such, including town and parish clerks, librarians and their subordinates, custo- dians of public records, historical and genealogical writers and students, and a multitude of private individuals, is too long for insertion here. I can only therefore, in a general way, express my profound sense of their kindness, and extend to them, one and all, my hearty thanks for their many favors and tokens of friendly interest in my long and arduous undertaking.
The History of Westminster, so far as it is condensed and embodied in the present volume, is at length completed and ready for distribution. In the hope that in some good degree it may serve its purposed end, gratify the sons and daughters
X
HISTORY OF WESTMINSTER, MASS.
of the place of my own nativity, and prove to be a not un- worthy contribution to the historical literature of the last decade of the nineteenth century, I send it forth on its proper mission, commending it to the considerate attention of those for whom it was specially designed, and of all who are interested in the particular field of exploration and inquiry which it distinctively represents.
WILLIAM S. HEYWOOD.
STERLING, MASS., June, 1893.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
NAME AND TOPOGRAPHY.
Westminster, an original Massachusetts town-Origin and meaning of the Term -Situation and general description-Climate and sanitary character-Surface- Hills-Lakes and Ponds-Streams, their sources and outlets-Lowlands and their peculiarities-Altitude of well-known points above sea-level-Local names . . 1-12
CHAPTER II.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND PRODUCTIONS.
Geological formation and characteristics-Nature, quality, and productiveness of the Soil-Flora: forest and fruit trees, shrubs, nuts, and berries, flowering plants, grasses, etc .- Fauna: wild and domestic animals, birds of prey and of passage, woodland songsters, farm-yard fowls, fish indigenous to the waters and foreign, venomous and harmless reptiles, noxious insects, etc .- Aboriginal occupants, 13-24
CHAPTER III. EARLY NEW ENGLAND.
Founding of New England-Character of the Founders-The Aborigines- Number of them-Names and location of different tribes-Personal appearance- Inteliectual, moral, and religious status-Domestic and social life-General habits -Condition of the country-Relation of Colonists and Indians-First meeting- Outbreak-Suspicions-King Philip's War: its causes, inauguration, progress, and issue-Philip slain 25-39
CHAPTER IV. CLAIMS OF NARRAGANSETT SOLDIERS.
Petition for land grants-Favorable hearing, but nothing accomplished-Request renewed-Two townships, of which Westminster was one, granted-Claimants multiply and more lands are wanted-Petitions for them-House of Representa- tives approves, but Council and Governor oppose the request-They finally yield and five additional townships are ordered-Doings of the whole Body of Gran- tees-Societies of Grantees formed-Assignment of townships-Names when incor- porated 40-52
CHAPTER V.
NARRAGANSETT NO. 2.
Grantees' names and places of residence-Meeting and organization-Commit- tee on dividing lands-House built-First division lots drawn-Preparations for settlement-Sawmill erected-Bounty offered to settlers-Danger of forfeiting the grant-Renewed efforts to secure residents-The eventful year, 1737-Two fami- lies locate in the township-Circumstances in which they were placed-Their heroism and fidelity commended 53-67
CHAPTER VI
NARRAGANSETT NO. 2-CONTINUED.
Improvements in the Township-A meetinghouse ordered-Meadows to be laid out-Two new families appear-Money appropriated for preaching-House of worship built and dedicated-First meeting of Proprietors on the territory-Grist- mill contracted for-Increased bounty offered to Settlers-Minister wanted-
xii
HISTORY OF WESTMINSTER, MASS.
Second Division lots drawn-Non-resident Proprietors cause trouble-Treasurer's report-Petition to Legislature for redress of grievances-Committee of Investiga- tion appointed-They visit the place and report-More prosperous times-Third division of lands-Act of incorporation-Names of settlers, 1737- 59 . . 68-93
CHAPTER VII.
EARLY MILITARY OPERATIONS.
Result of Narragansett War-Anticipated trouble with the Indians-King George's War-General apprehension-Interior settlements fortified-Defenses in the township-Petition for special armed scouts granted-Incidents-Peace restored-Renewed hostilities-French and Indian War-Men enlisted-Anec- dotes
94-104
CHAPTER VIII.
ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS-PART ONE.
Condition upon which the grant of the township was made-Action in accordance therewith-Lots set apart for the first minister and for the ministry-Public wor- ship permanently established-Elisha Marsh called and ordained-Dissatisfaction -Council summoned-The minister exonerated-Further trouble-A second coun- cil-Mr. Marsh dismissed-His subsequent life-Summary of his character and career
105-125
CHAPTER IX. DISTRICT OF WESTMINSTER.
Organization under the Act of Incorporation-Condensed census-Last days of the Propriety-Trouble about record books-Fourth Division of lands-Final meetings of the Body-Sequel to ministry of Rev. Mr. Marsh-Non-residents com. plain of taxes illegally assessed against them-No redress from residents-Appeal to the General Court maintained-Jury list-Details of District business-Town of Westminster 126-141
CHAPTER X.
PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION.
Feeling of the Colonists towards the Mother Country-Causes of hostility- Injustice and usurpation-Remonstrance and appeal fruitless-Conventions of patriotic citizens-Action of Westminster-The crisis hastened by Governors Hutchinson and Gage-Concord and Lexington-Minute men of Westminster- Bunker Hill-Company of Capt. Edmund Bemis-Col. Nicholas Dike and his Orderly Book-Progress of the war and action of the town noted in detail- Westminster men in the army of the Revolution 142-179
CHAPTER XI. GLEANINGS OF THIRTY YEARS.
Statistics-Relation of the town to the Province and State-Provincial Congress -First proposed State Constitution condemned-Second ratified by the people- First vote under it-Continental Congress-Articles of Confederation-The Fed- eral Constitution-First vote under it-Currency and Trade-Shays' Rebellion- Hessian Prisoners-Town of Belvoir-The Lord's Barn-Division of Worcester Co .- U. S. Tax List of 1798 ISO-212
CHAPTER XII.
THOROUGHFARES, BRIDLE-WAYS, AND BRIDGES.
Sunderland road-Early town highways-Chronological list of public thorough- fares-Bridle-ways-Bridges, specially noticed-Appropriations-Superintendence
xiii
CONTENTS.
-The Fifth Massachusetts Turnpike-Vermont and Massachusetts (Fitchburg) Railroad and the local history of it-Other railways proposed-An unsolved problem 213-233
CHAPTER XIII.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
Education a primary interest-No school in Narragansett No. 2 and the reasons therefor-First grant for school purposes-First schoolhouse on the old com- mon-Schools in private dwellings-Four additional houses-School squadrons, afterwards called districts-Books approved and recommended-Superintendence- Maximum number of Schools-Reduction-Select and High Schools-Division of Money-Appropriations-Standing of the Public Schools-Westminster Academy -Social, School, and Free Public Libraries-The Lyceum 234-263
CHAPTER XIV.
ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS-PART TWO.
Ministerial interregnum-Difficulty in finding a successor of Rev. Mr. Marsh- Asaph Rice called and settled-Annals of his pastorate of fifty years-The Second Meetinghouse built and dedicated-Description of it-Signs of theological dissent-Call and Settlement of Cyrus Mann-Death of Rev. Mr. Rice-Analysis of his life, character, and career 264-288
CHAPTER XV. GENERAL MILITARY ANNALS.
Martial spirit in the early days-First military organization-Two later ones, North and South-Military divisions of the town-Company of troop-War of 1812 -- 1815-Town action upon it-Westminster Rifle Co .- Growth of Peace sen- timent in the community-Westminster Guards-Wachusett Rifle Co .- Musters- Regimental Officers 289-298
CHAPTER XVI.
INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS AND ENTERPRISES.
Importance of Industry to the general welfare- Westminster people, hardwork- ing-The common trades well represented-Many kinds of manufacturing car- ried on: cloth, lumber, meal, brick, potash, iron goods, cabinet and cooper ware, cardboards, oil, leather, saddles and harnesses, hats and bonnets, tape, boots and shoes, bass-viols, carriages, chairs, paper, bread, etc .- Merchants and their places of business-Inns and Innholders-Wachusettville Water Power . 299-331
CHAPTER XVII. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS-PART THREE.
Early religious and ecclesiastical unity-Growing differences of opinion-Disin- tegration-End of Town Ministry-Reconstruction on new and diverse lines-The First Congregational Church and Society-The Methodist Society-The Univer- salist Society and Church-The Baptist Society and Church-Millerism-Con- cluding observations 332-362
CHAPTER XVIII.
HUMANITARIAN PROBLEMS AND ACTIVITIES.
"No man liveth to himself "-Provision for the poor-Town farm and its Superintendents-Specific Moral Reforms-Temperance-Anti-Slavery-Peace- Women's higher Education and Enfranchisement-Foreign Missions and Mission- aries-Personal Sketches of Myra (Wood) Allen, Mary (Sawyer) Jackson, and Catharine (Wood) Wolcott . 363-380
xiv
HISTORY OF WESTMINSTER, MASS.
CHAPTER XIX.
DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS.
Character of the early settlers-Public and private morals-Home life-Dwell- ings-Furniture -- Food -- Clothing-Farming utensils-Means of conveyance- Amusements-Neighborhood visitation-Compensation for trials, losses, and pri- vations-Changes-Distribution of population in former and in later days-Farms given up-Old cellars and their history-List of abandoned homesteads . . 381-398
CHAPTER XX. THE SLAVEHOLDERS' REBELLION.
Introduction of Slaves into the country-Growth of the system of American Bondage-Training for and steps to Treason-Abraham Lincoln elected President -Secession and armed rebellion-Sumter fired upon-The uprising of the North -Annals of the town's action during the conflict-Final overthrow of both Slavery and the Southern Confederacy-Alphabetical list of Westminster men in the war -Soldiers' Monument-Post 69, G. A. R .- Sons of Veterans-Woman's Relief Corps 399-425
CBAPTER XXI.
SUNDRY MATTERS OF PUBLIC CONCERN.
Surveys, plans, and maps-Territorial changes-Town of Vernon-Everettville -Division of Worcester Co .- Various town properties-The Fire Department- Town House-Post Offices-Westminster Bank-Cemeteries-Special organiza- tions-Gala Days and celebrations 426-463
CHAPTER XXII. A BUDGET OF MISCELLANIES.
Music-Long public service-Death of Town Clerk-Bans of Marriage-Obso- lete offices-Vaccination-Bathing Troughs-Bounty on crows-Slaves in town- Great Mortality-Floods-Permanent Estates-Governor's Farm-Mineral Spring -Double Bowlder-Alum Rock-Personal names-Telegraph and Telephone- Wachusett Park-Anecdotes 464-478
CHAPTER XXIII. STATISTICAL INFORMATION.
Population-Schedules of property-Polls, property, and appropriations-Gen- eral appropriations-Octogenarians-Accidental deaths-Casualties by fire- Names legally changed-Votes for Governor of Massachusetts-Votes for Presi- dent of U. S. 479-494
CHAPTER XXIV.
PROFESSIONAL AND OFFICIAL PORTFOLIO.
College Graduates-Native Clergymen-Native Physicians-Native Lawyers- Resident Clergymen-Resident Physicians-Resident Lawyers-Justices of the Peace-Justices of the Peace and Quorum-Trial Justices-Notaries Public-Coro- ners-Deputy Sheriffs-Officers of Naragansett No. 2-Officers of the District and Town of Westminster-State Senators-Representatives in Congress-Town offi- cers, 1892-Voting List, 1892 495-507
BIOGRAPHIC-GENEALOGICAL REGISTER 509 -- 953 HISTORICAL INDEX 954-963 ERRATA 964
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAP OF THE TOWN
facing page I
PROPRIETORS' PLAN .
59
PORTRAITS.
WILLIAM S. HEYWOOD
facing title page
FRANKLIN WYMAN .
page 329
MARCUS J. HAGER
66
414
MRS. FRED. P. WIIITNEY
465
DEA. AND MRS. LEVI ALLEN .
66
517
HON. FREDERICK S. COOLIDGE
66
5SS
CHIARLES HUDSON 66 66 719
GEORGE KENDALL
735
HON. JOEL MERRIAM
66
773
ARTEMAS MERRIAM .
66
66
774
GEN. NELSON A. MILES
781
DANIEL C. MILES
facing
782
DR. JOHN WHITE
912
WILBUR F. WHITNEY
66
66
921
DEA. AND MRS. DAVID WHITNEY
66
6
923
CAPT. JOSEPH H. WHITNEY
66
929
LANDSCAPES, DWELLINGS, ETC.
CENTRAL VILLAGE - LOOKING EAST facing page 4
CENTRAL VILLAGE - LOOKING WEST .
5
WACHUSETT MOUNTAIN AND MEETINGHOUSE POND 66
7
SCHOOLHOUSE IN CENTRAL VILLAGE
251
SECOND MEETINGHOUSE
27 I
CHAIR FACTORY OF ARTEMAS MERRIAM
317
SOUTH WESTMINSTER VILLAGE
60
318
RESIDENCE AND STORE OF F. A. MERRIAM . 66
324
407
LIEUT .- COL .. CHARLES CUMMINGS
xvi
HISTORY OF WESTMINSTER, MASS.
PAPER MILLS OF FRANKLIN WYMAN
facing page 331
FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
66
.6 335
UNIVERSALIST CHURCH
60 343
BAPTIST CHURCH
66 66 352
RESIDENCE OF CALVIN WHITNEY - OLD HOMESTEAD
6
382
SOLDIERS' MONUMENT .
.6
422
TOWN HALL
RESIDENCE OF DANIEL C. MILES
66
66
445
DOUBLE BOWLDER
66
472
CENTRAL VILLAGE, FROM GEO. W. WHITNEY'S HILL
66
508
GARFIELD HOUSE
66
658
RESIDENCE OF JOSEPH HAGAR
facing
682
RESIDENCE OF DAVID W. HILL
696
RESIDENCE ETC., OF WILLIAM MAYO
6.
66
763
NICHOLS BROS.' CHAIR ESTABLISHMENT (REMOVED)
66
66
812
SUMMER RESIDENCE, OF E. AND G. C. WHITNEY
66
925
RESIDENCE OF MRS. PETER WRIGHT AND DAUGHTER .
.6 66
949
66
443
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WACHUSETTVILLE TOWN OF WESTMINSTER
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