USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > Boston's immigrants, 1790-1865 : a study in acculturation > Part 25
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Irish Pictorial Miscellany, 180
Irish Protestant Mutual Relief So- ciety, 167, 188
Iron industry, 13, 85
Italian immigrants, 29, 30, 34, 42 ; benevolent societies, 165; cooks, 71; dancers, 74; hairdressers, 68; hotels, 72; ideas, 140; musicians, 152; na- tionalism, 156; newspapers, 177; number, 57
Italy, 25, 145. See also Emigration
Jackson, William, 180 Jacobins, 31
"Jacob's Ladder," IIO
Jail lands, 206
James, J. W., 157, 203, 204
Jameson's, 160
Jamestown, 159
Janitors, 78 Jay's Treaty, 4
Jenney Manufacturing Company, 86 Jesuit or Catholic Sentinel, 178
Jesuits, see Society of Jesus
Jewish immigrants, 57, 169, 190; and Civil War, 216; assimilation, 183; cultural groups, 175; fraternal soci- eties, 160; merchants, 72; number, 57; schools, 173
280
INDEX
Journeymen Tailors' Trade and Be- nevolent Association, 164 Joy Street, 100 Judiciary, 203 Julien, Jean Baptiste, 33, 72
Juries, 201, 203, 210
Justice, 130, 153
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 206, 207
Keating, Patrick X., 180
Kerosene industry, 86
Kerry, 55
Kidnapping, 206
Kingston Court, 107
Kladderadatsch, 176
Know-Nothing Party, 73, 154, 162, 196, 204, 208-12, 213, 214, 218
Know-Somethings, 21I
Kossuth, Louis, 32, 145
Koszta case, 145
Krankenunterstützungsgesellschaft, 165 Kreissmann, August, 152
Labor contractors, 76, 77 Labor supply, 14, 79-88
Labor surplus, 64, 79-82, 83, 88
Laborers, 65, 89, 164; contract, 42 Lamartine, 15I
Lancaster Street, 174 Land laws, Ireland, 43
Language, 168 La Poterie, C. F. B. de, 169
Latitudinarianism, 134. See also Tol- erance
Lawrence, Abbott, 199, 204
Laws, anti-Catholic, 43; corn, 46, 50; divorce, 201; exclusion, 122, 185, 2II; Foster's, 45, 46; Fugitive Slave, 200; incorporation, 201; poor, 49, 50; prohibition, 201, 205, 210; women's rights, 210
Lawyers, 74, 75 Laziness, 46 Lectures, 175, 186, 188 Ledru-Rollin, A. A., 32 Leeds, 82
Legislature, Massachusetts, 21, 196, 198, 201, 202, 209 Leipziger Illustrierte, 176 Leonhard, Hugo, 152 Lesezimmer, 176 Liberty Party, 200
Lieber, Francis, 33 Limerick, 36 Lincoln, Abraham, 217, 22I
Lines on the Ruins of a Nunnery, 148
Liquor dealers, 125
Liquor interests, 207
Literacy amendment, 21I, 212, 213
Literary and Catholic Sentinel, 178
Literature, 147; anti-Catholic, 206; English, 147; Irish, 130, 147, 148, 149, 150 Lithography, 88
Litterateur Français, 176
Liverpool, 48, 54
Liverpool Street, 118
Lodge, Giles, 88
Lodge, H. C., 220
London, 32, 48
London Tailors' Union, 35
Long Wharf, 161
Longfellow, H. W., 150
Loring, E. G., 210
Loring, Harrison, 85
Louis Philippe, 144
Louisville, 177
Lowell, 9, II
Lowell Female Labour Reform As- sociation, 78
Lunacy, 126 Lunatic asylums, 22
Lunchrooms, 71
Luther, Martin, 148
Lutheran Church, 169
Lyman, Theodore, 192, 194
Lynch, Phelim, 34, 180
Lynn, 9, 79
McElheran, John, 149, 150
McGee, T. D., 144, 179, 180 McGinnis, 71
Mckay, Donald, 13, 85 M'Mahon, J. B., 171
MacMurrough, Dermot, 43
Maegher, T. F., 144, 180, 218
Maegher's Brigade, 219 Maegher's Irish News, 180
Magyar immigrants, see Hungarian immigrants Mahony and Kenna, 88 Maid of Erin, 161 Maine, 163, 186
28I
INDEX
Maine Law, 201, 205. See also Tem- perance Mainz's orchestra, 161 Malden, 105 Manchester, 48
Mann, Horace, 139 Mannheim, Karl, 128 Mansion House, 160
Manufacturers, 88. See also Mer- chants
Manufacturing, see Industry Margaret, 146
Maritime industries, 69
Maritime Provinces, 54. See also Brit- ish North Americans
Marquette, Jacques, 149
Marriage, see Intermarriage
Marriage rate, 12I
Martineau, Harriet, 13, 23
Mary, Queen of Scots, 147
Mason, Lowell, 152
Mason & Hamlin Organ Company, 84 Masons, 160, 18I
Massachusetts, constitution, 187, 202-5, 2II, 212, 213, 219; governor, 201, 2IO; house of representatives, 202; legislature, 21, 196, 198, 201, 202, 209; natives of, in building trades, 68; natives of, occupational disper- sion, 62 ; parties in, 199-204; senate, 202; state paupers, 122, 123, 124, 190
Massachusetts Bank, II
Massachusetts Council, Know-Noth- ing party, 21I Mather, Cotton, 19 Mathew, Theobald, 138, 175
Matignon, F. A., 170, 173
Maverick Congregational Society, 17I Mazzini, Giuseppe, 32, 144
Mechanics Court, 118
Mechanics' lien law, 201
Mechanization of industry, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83-6 Medford, 161 Mediai case, 145 Mediterranean trade, IO Melrose, 161 Mendelssohn Quintet Club, 152
Merchants, 4, 7, 10, 14, 15, 26; and immigration, 88, 89; foreign, 30, 70, 72, 73; ideas, 24 ff., 128; nativity
of, 70, 72, 73; Negro, 75. See also Manufacturers
Merchants Exchange Hotel, 72, 160 Methodist Episcopal Church, 131, 169, 18I Metternich system, 32
Mexico, 146, 200
Middlesex Canal, 73
Middlesex Railroad, 102 Militia, 161, 162, 181, 185, 197, 210. See also companies by name
Mill Dam, 14, 16, 93, 161 Mill Pond, 16, 18, 114
Milton, John, 147
Miscegination, see Intermarriage
Mitchel, John, 50, 144, 158, 180
Mobility, economic, 76, 89, 90
Moehler, J. A., 147
Montgomery Guards, 162, 196
Montgomery Union Association, 157
Montreal, 180
Moon Street Free Church, 171 "Moral lectures," 27 Morison, S. E., 204
Morris, Robert, 75
Morse, Leopold, 88
Morse, S. F. B., 193, 2II
Mortality, see Death rate ; Infant
mortality Morton, Marcus, 199
Mother Superior, 195
Mt. Benedict, 173. See also Charles- town Convent fire
Municipal government, 20, 21
Music, 28, 151-53
Musical instruments, manufacture of, 69. See also Piano industry Musicians, 74, 152, 153
Nancrede, Joseph, 176 Napoleon III, 146
Napoleonic exiles, 31
Nation (Boston), 179
Nation (New York), 179, 180
National convention, Know-Nothing party, 2II Nationalism, 156, 157, 158, 213, 214
Nativism, 197, 198, 206-13 Naturalization, 198
Nature, 24
Neck, see South End Neglect of Prayer, 146
282
INDEX
Negroes in Boston, and Irish, 137, 213,
221; barbers, 68; charities, 168; children, 185; churches, 181; crime, 125; distribution of, 100, 102 ; edu- cation, 181; emigration, 57; food dealers, 70; group consciousness, 180, 181, 182; housing, 100; ideas, 140; immigration, 57, 58, 185; in army, 185; in South Boston, 102 ; intermarriage, 182, 185; laborers, 65; Masons, 181; militia, 181, 185; newspapers, 181; number, 57; oc- cupational distribution, 62, 75; on railroads, 185; prejudice, 213 ; preju- dice against, 184, 185, 186; riots, 194; sailors, 69; schools, 181, 184, 185. See also Fugitive slaves
Neu England Demokrat, 140, 177
New Bedford Railroad, 185
New Brunswick, 54. See also British North Americans
"New colonial system," 4
New England, 15, 62
New England Herald, 195
New England Land Company, 73, 163
New England Reporter and Catholic Diary, 179
New Hampshire, brickmakers, 195 New Orleans, 42, 185
New York, 177; cholera, 118; clothing industry, 81, 83; immigrants in, 33, 42; Know-Nothing party in, 208; schools, 197; sugar industry, 83; trade, 4, 8, 10; wages, 81, 83
New York Albion, 177
New York Directory, 141, 157
New York Protestant, 187, 188
New York Protestant Association, 188 New Zealand, 43
Newfoundland, see British North Americans; Maritime Provinces Newman, J. H., 134
Newspapers, 26, 151, 176, 177, 181, 195, 204; anti-Catholic, 188, 194, 196; German, 140, 177; Irish, 76, 130, 141, 142, 144, 177-80
Nigger Hill, 18, 100
Ninth Massachusetts Regiment, 218
Noodle's Island, see East Boston Nora Brady's Vow, 137
Nordeutschen Lloyd Line, 53
Norris v. City of Boston, 191
North Chelsea, 17
North End, 18, 19, 98, 99, 106, 194, 204; churches, 171; death rate, 120; saloons, 125; schools, 174 Norway, see Scandinavia Norwegian deserters, 30
Notre Dame de Namur, Sisters of, I74 Nova Scotia, 54. See also British North Americans
Oak Hall, 83 O'Brien, W. S., 158
Catholic Ob- Observer, see Boston server
Occupational diversification, 61, 62, 75 Occupations, 60 ff.
O'Connell, Daniel, 136, 141, 157, 158, I79
O'Connellite and Irish Representative, 178
Odd Fellows' Hall, 161
O'Donovan, John, 51
Office-holding, 219
O'Flaherty, T. J., 178, 188
O'Keefe, C. M., 147 Old Countryman, 177
Omnibus lines, 99. See also Transpor- tation in Boston
Opera companies, 152
Opportunities, 15, 29, 40, 57
Optimism, 24, 128, 130, 134, 139
Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, see Know-Nothing Party
Orders in Council, of 1783, 5; of I795,35 Oregon, 6
O'Rourke, Judith, 135
Orphans, 167
Orr, J. S., 206
Outside shop, 83
Ouvre, Nicholas, 72
Overcrowding, 19, 112, 113
Oxford Movement, 193
Packet lines, 8, 9, 10, 53 Page, Richardson, Co., 53
Paisley, 35
Palfrey, J. G., 202
Papanti, Lorenzo, 74
Paper hangings industry, 84 Park Street Church, 184
283
INDEX
Parker, Theodore, 184, 206 Parker House, 160
Parochial schools, 173, 174
Parties, political, in Massachusetts, 199-204 Passage buildings, 107, 108
Pauperism, 22, 121-24, 167, 190, 19I, 192 Paupers, exclusion of, 122, 185, 2II; emigration of, 55 Pearl Street, 98 Peasants, emigration, 37-41. See also Cottiers; Farmers
Peddlers, 70, 71
Pendleton, W. S., 88
Pepper, George, 178
Periodicals, see Newspapers
Perkins House, 72
Personal liberty law, 201, 210
Pessimism, Irish, 51, 52, 129, 130, 134 Petit Courrier des familles et des pen- sions, 176
Phare de New York, 176
Philadelphia, cholera, 118; Irish Con- vention, 157; riots, 197; sugar in- dustry, 83 ; trade, 4
Philanthropy, see Charitable Societies ; Reform Phillips, S. C., 142, 200, 208 Phillips, Wendell, 177 Phillips Street, 100 Phillis, 137 Philo-harmonic Society, 151 Physicians, see Doctors Piano industry, 84, 88 Picnics, 161 Pierce, Franklin, 203 Pilot, see Boston Pilot Pionier, 177 Pius IX, 14I Plumbing, see Sewerage Poland, 25, 144. See also Emigration Police, 21, 210 Polish immigrants, 29, 34; Jews, 57, 169; nationalism, 156 Politics, Massachusetts, 199-204, 207- I3 Poor house, 122, 123, 166 Poor laws, 49, 50 Poor relief, 22, 23, 124 Pope, 187 Pope, J. E., 82
Pope's Day, 187
Population, of Boston, 15, 94; of Europe, 34; of Ireland, 43, 45, 46, 47 Portuguese, Jews, 57, 169 Post, see Boston Post
Post Office Commission of Inquiry, 53 Potatoes, 44, 45, 48, 50, 90
Poterie, see La Poterie
Precious metals, manufacture, 69 Prejudice, against Negroes, 184, 185, 186; anti-Catholic, 186-89, 196, 205, 2II; anti-Irish, 67, 196, 197, 198, 212, 213, 22I; color, 184; occupa- tional, 67; religious, 186, 187, 188, 189 Prepaid tickets, 52 Press, see Newspapers Price, Richard, quoted, 189
Priests, 64, 74 Prison reform, 138
Prisoners' Friend Society, 138
Privateering, 5
Professionals, 73, 74, 89
Progress, 25, 134, 140
Prohibition laws, 205, 210. See also Maine Law
Proletariat, 47, 60. See also Labor supply ; Labor surplus; Laborers Propaganda, College of the, 14I
Property, 26
Proselytizing, 166, 193. See also Con- versions
Prostitution, 23, 24, 126
Provincial Council of Bishops, 173
Prussia, 38, 177 Public education, see Common schools
Pulitzer, Joseph, 42
Purchase Street Unitarian Society, 171 Puritans, 186
Quakers, 186 Quebec, 54 Quincy, Edmund, 142 Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 21, 124 Quincy, Mass., 79 Quincy granite, 19
Racialism, 149, 150, 183, 214 Radetsky, J. J. W., 142 Rafferty, P., 218 Rail factories, 85
284
INDEX
Railroad crossings, 209
Railroading, 76, 77, 78
Railroads, 8, 12; horse, 99; Negroes
on, 185. See also by name; Trans- portation in Boston
Randolph, John, 4
Rantoul, Robert, 199, 203
Reading, Mass., 161
Reading, 146, 176
Real estate agencies, 73
Reason, 131, 134
Recruiting, 218
Reed, Rebecca, 195 Reform, 25, 134-38, 142, 199, 210, 2II, 212, 214, 22I
Reformation, 147, 148
Reggio, Niccolo, 30, 146
Religion, 130, 131, 169-72
Religious education, 203. Schools
See also
Religious liberty, 132, 133. See also Freedom of religion
Religious prejudice, 186, 187, 188, 189
Remittances, 157. See also Prepaid tickets
Rents, 17, 112; in Ireland, 44, 45, 49
Repeal Movement, 136, 140, 141, 157, 158, 179, 203
Republican Convention, 207
Republican Party, 154, 212, 213, 214, 216
Restaurants, 71 Restrictions, immigration, 122, 185. 190, 191, 210, 21I
Retributive justice, 130
Revere House, 71
Revolutions, 25, 31, 140-45, 186
Rhineland, 32; peasants, 38
Riots, 193-97, 22I
Robert Bishop and Company, 86
Roby, William, 125
Roddan, John T., 141, 144, 180
Rolling mills, 85
Roman Catholic Mutual Relief So- ciety, 167
Roman Republic, 142 Rousselet, Louis de, 170, 176 Rowing, 161
Roxbury, 17, 18, 19, 104, 105; church- es, 169, 171, 172; Colonel Corcoran in, 220; elections in, 208; repeal
movement in, 157; riots in, 194;
schools, 174; Ursuline Convent, 196 Rumpff, Rev. A., 169
Russia, 6
Russian immigrants, 29, 15I
Russworm, J. B., 181
Sacred Heart and Assumption Church, I71
Sailors, 69, 75, 194
St. Andrew's Day, 162
St. Augustine's Chapel, 171
St. Bartholomew's Massacre, 148
St. Brandon, 149
St. James Church (R. C.), 171
St. James Episcopal Church, 169
St. John, Agnes E., 137
St. Johns, N. B., 54
St. John's Church, 171
St. Mary's Church, E. B., 171
St. Mary's Church, N. E., 174
St. Nicholas Church, 171
St. Patrick's Day, 160, 162, 219
St. Peter's Church, 171
St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, 167, 173
Saints' days, 162
SS. Peter and Paul church, 171, 174
Salesmen, 72
Saloon keepers, 71
Saloons, 71, 124, 125. See also Bars
Salvation, 130
Sandwich Islands, see Hawaii
Sardinia, see Italy
Sargeant, L. M., 107
Sarsfield Guards, 162, 205
Sarsfield Union Association, 162
Saxony, 38
Scandinavia, 38. See also Emigration Scandinavian Benevolent Relief So- ciety, 165
Scandinavian immigrants, benevolent societies, 165; number, 57
Schools, 172-74, 175, 181, 184, 185, 197, 209, 219. See also Common schools
Schutzenverein Germania, 161 Scollay Square, 99
Scotch immigrants, 29; and Civil War, 216; assimilation, 183; fraternal so- cieties, 160; newspapers, 177; num- ber, 57
1
285
INDEX
Scotch-Irish, 149, 150; emigration, 48 Scotch-Irish immigrants, 29; assimila- tion, 183; brickmakers, 195 Scotland, immigration, 48 Scots Charitable Society, 160, 162, 165 Scottish-American, 177 Seamen, 69, 75, 194 Seamstresses, 86, 87
Seaver, Nathaniel, 207
Secrecy, Know-Nothing, 208, 212
Secret ballots, 203
Selectmen, see Board of Selectmen Selectmen, Charlestown, 195
Seminary, theological, 174
Senate, Massachusetts, 202
Senatorship, U. S., 201, 210
Servants, 66, 67, 89, 193
Service trades, 67, 68
Sewerage, 20, 113, 114, 115, 118, 119 Sewing, 86, 87 Sewing machine, 82, 86
Shadrach, 18I
Shakespeare, William, 147
Shales and May Furniture Company, 86
Shamrock, 178 Shamrock Society, 160, 162
Shattuck, Lemuel, 94, 112
Shawmut Street, 104, 169, 172
Shillaber, B. P., 209
Shipbuilding, 12, 13, 85, 86
Shipping firms, 19I Shoe industry, 9, 13, 79, 86
Shooting, 161
Shopkeepers, see Merchants Silversmiths, 88
Simmons, George, 83 Simmons, John, 80
Sisters of Charity, 166, 167
Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, 174
Six Months in a Convent, 196
Slave trade, 5
Slavery, 5. See also Abolition
Slaves, fugitive, 57, 181, 185, 205, 210 Slops, 80 Slums, 16, 94, 98, 106-17 Smallpox, 20, II7 Smith, Abiel, 181 Smith, J. V. C., 73, 209 Smiths, 68 Smuggling, 4 Società Italiana di Benevolenza, 165
Societies, see Abstinence societies ; Benevolent societies ; Charitable societies; Fraternal societies ; Immi- grant aid societies Society of Jesus, 174, 186
Society of St. Vincent de Paul, 167 Society of United Irishmen, 31, 32 Solo-Club, 175
Somerville, 17, 102 South, Know-Nothings in, 2II
South America, 42
South Boston, 16, 17, 18, 19, 93, 102, 104, 166; churches, 170, 171; indus- tries, 86, 92; repeal movement in, 157; schools, 174 South Boston Bridge, 16
South Cove, 17, 19, 98, 114
South End, 18, 104, 169, 171, 172, 194, 204 Southac Street, 100
Souther, John, 85
Spain, 145
Spalpeens, 47, 77
Spanish immigrants, 29; Jews, 57; newspapers, 177; sailors, 194
Spring Hall, 161
Springfield Republican, 214
Stable keepers, 68
Stablers, 68
Stanton, E. M., 216
Star of the Sea, church, 17I
State Paupers, 122, 123, 124, 190
State Street, 96, 204
State Temperance Committee, 205
Statistics of immigration, 55, 56
Stevedores, 64 Stillman Street, 107
Story, Joseph, 196
Streets, see by name
Strike, journeymen tailors, 82
Sub-lease system, 106, II2
Suburbs, 17, 99 ff. See also by name
Suffolk County, 197
Suffolk Street, 104, 169, 172
Sugar boilers, 84 Sugar industry, 83, 84
Sumner, Charles, 200, 201, 207, 208
Sunday schools, 173
Superintendent of Alien Passengers, I90 Superior, 161 Supernaturalism, 13I
286
INDEX
Surplus labor, 64, 79-82, 83, 88 Surrender and regrant, 43 Swedish immigrants, 29. See also Scandinavian immigrants Sweepers, 78 "Swindling shops," 64
Swiss immigrants, 29; benevolent so- cieties, 165; nationalism, 156 Switzerland, immigrants in, 32; revo- lution, 145 Synagogues, 169
T. F. Maegher, 16I
Tailors, 81, 82, 83, 164
Tanning industry, 86 Tappan, Lewis, 10 Taylor, Zachary, 200
Teachers, 74
Temperance, 23, 125, 138, 140
Temperance law, see Prohibition laws
Tenantry, Irish, 44, 45, 46
Tenements, 19, 106-16
Tests, religious, 187
Texas, 146, 200; Germans in, 42
Textile industry, 9, 78, 79
Thayer, John, 170, 173, 188
Thayer and Warren, 52
Theatres, 27, 184
Thermidorians, 31
Thompson, T., 107
Thoreau, H. D., quoted, 59, 156
Three-month volunteers, 216
Ticknor, George, 15, 26, 150 Tighe, J., 148 Timber ships, 54
Tippling shops, 159 Tithes, 187
Tolerance, 133, 134, 186-90, 199
Tom Moore Club, 175
Touro, Abraham, 72, 169 Trade of Boston, 3-10
Traders, see Merchants
Train, Enoch, 13. See also Enoch Train and Company
Transatlantic travel, 53, 54. See also Packet lines
Transport workers, 69
Transportation in Boston, 21, 22, 99- 105 Travel accounts, 40, 41, 60 Travers, 156 Treanor, B. S., 34, 164, 218
Tremont House, 71 Tri-Mountain Insurance Company, 73 Trinity Church, 172 Truancy, 174 Truck system, 77 Truckmen, 69, 194, 195
Tuberculosis, 118
Tucker, John C., 157, 198, 217
Turin, 3I Turner Hall, 161
Turnverein, 161
Twenty-one year amendment, 2II
Twenty-Eighth Massachusetts Regi- ment, 218 Two-year amendment, 213, 219 Tyrone, 55, 56
Ulster, 48, 55, 56 Underground railway, 57. See also Fugitive slaves
Unemployment, 59, 64, 92
Union Bank, II
Unions, 164
United Irishmen, see Society of United Irishmen
United States Catholic Intelligencer, I78
Unskilled laborers, 65, 75
Urban improvements, 16, 93
Ursuline Convent, 173. See also Charlestown Convent fire
Vaccination, 20, 210
Van Buren, Martin, 200 Vanderbilt Line, 53
Vendée, 31
Vermont Central Railroad, 9
Vigne, Antoine, 72
Virginia, Know-Nothing party, 2II Vocations, see Occupations
Volunteers, 216 Voters, 197, 198, 199, 207
Wages, 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91 Waiters, 68, 164 Walden, 59, 156 Waltham, II
Walworth, James J., 86
Ward Eight, 196 Ward Six, 185 Ward Three Association, 204
Wards, 204
287
INDEX
Warren Bridge, 102 Wars of Liberation, 39 Washington Street, 96, 104 Washington Village, 18, 104 Water Street, 96, 98 Water supply, 20, 116, 197 Waterston, R. C., 189 Watertown, 100, 102 Waverly Grove, 161 Wealth, of Boston, 10-14 Webb, Seth, Jr., 208 Webster, Daniel, 200 Webster, J. W., 125 West Cambridge, 157 West End, 18, 19, 100, 102, 181, 194 West Indies, emigration, 32; trade, 3,4,5 West Roxbury, 17, 105 Western Railroad, 9 Western Star and Harp of Erin, 178 Western trade, 7, 8, 9 Wharfingers, 64 Wheeler & Armstrong, 53 "When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again," 220
Whig Party, 197, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209, 216 Whiting, Kehoe and Galouppe, 87 Whitman, Walt, 75 Whittier, J. G., 201, 202 Wide Awake, 206 Wiget, Bernard, 174, 219
Williams (of London), 74 Wilmot Proviso, 200 Wilson, Henry, 201, 208, 210, 21I Winchester, 161
Winnisemet Ferry, 105 Winthrop, John, 3 Winthrop, R. C., 202 Winthrop Railroad, 105 Women, employment of, 66; in indus- try, 13, 14, 78, 86, 87; property rights, 201 Women's clothing industry, 87
Women's rights, 138, 139
Women's rights law, 210 Woodbridge, W. C., 152
Woolen industry, see Textile industry
Worcester, 2II
Worcester Spy, 206
Workhouses, 50. See also Almshouses Württemberg, 38
Young, Arthur, 135 Young Catholics Friend, 178 Young Catholics Friend Society, 173, 175 Young Ireland, 141, 142, 144, 158, 179 Young Italy, 142 Young Men's League, 207
Zerrahn, Carl, 153 Zeuner, Charles, 74, 152 Zion Church, 169
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