USA > Massachusetts > Chronicles of the first planters of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1623-1636 > Part 4
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2 To build furnaces, fire-places, and chimneys.
3 For the use of the smiths.
4 A term for a parcel of small bars of steel, weighing 120 pounds. 5 From the Dutch fuder, a cart- load. It relates properly to lead, and Ray says it signifies a certain weight, viz. eight pigs, or 1600 pounds. But Bailey and Dyche both say that the weight varies in different places, in London 1956
40
APPAREL FOR THE COLONISTS.
CHAP. III.
Red lead, 1 barrel,
Salt, sail-cloth, copper.
1629.
Francis Johnson.1
Raphe White, at corner of Philpot Lane, for aqua-vitæ.1
Apparel for 100 Men.
400 pair of shoes,
300 pair of stockings, whereof 200 pair Irish, about 13d. a pair, (Mr. Deputy,)2 100 pair of knit stockings, about 2s. 4d. a pair, (Mr. Treasurer,)2
10 dozen pair of Norwich garters,3 about 5s. a dozen pair,
400 shirts,
200 suits doublet and hose, of leather, lined with oiled-skin leather, the hose and doublet with hooks and eyes,
100 suits of Northern dussens, or Hampshire ker- seys, lined, the hose with skins, the doublets with linen of Guildford,4 or Gedlyman serges, 2s. 10d. to 3s. a yard, 4} to 5 yards a suit, at the George, in Southwark,
400 bands,5 300 plain falling bands, 100 [ 6 ] bands,
pounds, at Newcastle 2100, in Der- byshire 2400, sometimes more, sometimes less, according to the custom of the several liberties where it is melted or made. See Tyr- whitt's Chaucer, v. 94, and Ray's North Country Words, p. 31.
1 These are memoranda in the margin.
2 I suppose the Deputy Governor and the Treasurer were to provide these arti les.
3 At this time the stockings were gartered beneath the knee, and the garters fastened in a large bow or
rosette on one side. See the History of British Costume, in the Library of Entertaining Knowledge, xxiv. 275. 4 A town in Surrey, formerly cel- ebrated for its manufactures.
5 The great stiff ruffs of Queen Elizabeth's time were exchanged in James's reign for wide horizontal collars and broad falling bands. To these succeeded the small Geneva bands, like those worn by clergy- men, which have since been super- seded by stocks and neckcloths. See British Costume, pp. 274, 305. 6 Illegible.
41
APPAREL FOR THE COLONISTS.
100 waistcoats of green cotton, bound about with CHAP. III. red tape,
1629.
100 leather girdles,1
100 Monmouth caps,2 about 2s. a piece,
100 black hats, lined in the brims with leather,
500 red knit caps, milled, about 5d. apiece,
200 dozen hooks and eyes, and small hooks and eyes for mandilions,
16 dozen of gloves, whereof 12 dozen calf's leath- er, and 2 dozen tanned sheep's leather, and 2 dozen kid,
Ells sheen3 linen for handkerchers,
¿ a deker 4 of leather, of the best bend5 leather, 50 mats to lie under 50 beds aboard ship,
-
50 rugs,
50 pair of blankets, of Welsh cotton,
100 pair of sheets,
50 bed-ticks and bolsters, with wool to put them in, Scotch ticking,
Linen for towels, and tablecloths, and napkins, Sea chests,
3 c. Poppering hops, and 1 c. particular.
16th March. Agreed the apparel to be 100 man- Mr. dilions,6 lined with white cotton, 12d. a yard,
Vassal.
1 Girdles performed the office of our modern suspenders.
? " The best caps," says Fuller, " were formerly made at Monmouth, where the Cappers' Chapel doth still remain." They were formerly much worn, particularly by soldiers. " Wearing leeks in their Monmouth caps."
Shakspeare's Hen. V. Act iv. Sc. 7, Fuller's Worthies, ii. 116, (4to ed.)
3 Fair, shining.
4 A dicker is a term used by the tanners to express a quantity con- sisting of ten hides. See Bailey and Dyche.
5 Sole leather, cut from the best part of the hide - a technical word, still in use among leather- dealers.
6 A soldier's garment, a loose cassock or sack covering the whole
42
SUPPLIES FOR THE COLONY.
CHAP. breeches and waistcoats, and 100 leather suits, III. doublets and breeches, of oiled leather, 100 pair 1629. breeches of leather,1 drawers to serve to wear with both their other suits.
[Send to] Sherbrooke by to-morrow in the after- noon.
Proclamation to hinder the selling guns and gun- powder.
[Nu]mber of cattle,
[Have] Blood here to help them.2
.
To provide to send for New-England.
MINISTERS,
Patent, under seal,
A Seal,3
Men skilful in making of pitch, of salt,
Vine-planters,
Wheat, rye, barley, oats, a hogshead of each in the ear ; beans, pease, stones of all sorts of fruits, as peaches, plums, filberts, cherries ; pear, apple, quince kernels ; pomegranates, woad seed, saffron heads, liquorice seed, (roots sent, and madder roots,) potatoes, hop roots, hemp seed, flax seed, against
of the body, and usually without sleeves.
" Thus put he on his arming truss, fair shoes upon his feet,
About him a mandilion, that did with buttons meet,
Of purple, large, and full of folds, curl'd with a warmful nap,
A garment that 'gainst cold in nights did soldiers use to wrap."
Chapman's Homer, Iliad, book x. ; Hist. of British Costume, p. 267.
1 On account of its durability, leather was for a long time the ordi- nary material for clothing among the common people of England. The leather breeches have come down to our own day.
2 Memoranda, written in the mar- gin.
3 This seal was of silver, as will be seen hereafter.
43
CANNON FOR THE COLONY.
winter, coneys, currant plants, tame turkeys, shoes, CHAP. III. linen cloth, woollen cloth, pewter bottles, of pints - and quarts, brass ladles and spoons, copper kettles, 1629. of [illegible] making, without bars of iron about them, oiled skins of leather, madder seeds.
23d February, 1628.
This day, delivered a warrant to Mr. George Har- wood, Treasurer, to pay [Mr.] Barnard Michell one hundred pounds, in part of the freight of the [Abi- gail,] Henry Gauden, master, from Weymouth to Nahumkeke, the goods shipped [per bill] of lading dated 20th June last, being per bill of lading 46} tons [of goods,] beside the charge of Captain John Endecott, his wife, and [blank] persons of his com- pany, their passage and diet.
26th. William Sherman hath liberty for fourteen 26. days to fetch his vines in Northampton, near [torn off ] ferry.
26th February, 1628. -
Necessaries conceived meet for our intended voyage for New-England, to be prepared forthwith.
For our five pieces of ordnance, long since bought and paid for, Mr. John Humphry is entreated and doth promise forthwith to cause them to be delivered to Samuel Sharpe, who is to take care for having fit carriages made for them.
Arms for 100 Men.
3 drums, to each two pair of heads, 2 ensigns,
Feb. 23.
44
ARMS FOR THE COLONY.
1
CHAP. III.
1629. Feb. 26.
2 partisans,1 for captain and leftenant,
3 halberds,2 for three sergeants,
80 bastard muskets, with snaphances,3 four foot in the barrel, without rests,
6 long fowling-pieces, with musket bore, six and a half foot long,
4 long fowling-pieces, with bastard musket bore, five and a half foot long,
10 full muskets, four foot barrel, with matchcocks and rests, 4
90 bandoleers,5 for the muskets, each with a bullet bag,
10 horn flasks, for the long fowling-pieces, to hold two pound apiece, and
100 swords, and belts,
60 corselets,6 and 60 pikes, 20 half pikes,
1 A variety of the pike or spon- toon, introduced in Henry the Eighth's time. Its blade was broader than that of the pike, and that part of it which was near the staff was formed in the manner of a crescent. It is still carried by the yeomen of the guard.
" Shall I strike at it with my partisan ?" Shakspeare, Hamlet, Act i. Sc. 1; See Meyrick, ii. 285.
2 A weapon consisting of a staff about five feet long, with a steel head, in the shape of an axe, for- merly carried by the sergeants of foot and artillery. See Crabbe's Technological Dictionary.
3 The snaphance was the Dutch name for the firelock. It differed from the modern firelock in the ham- mer not forming the covering of the pan. See Meyrick, iii. 101:
4 On account of the heaviness of the long matchlock muskets, a rest was used, which was a staff, on the top of which was a kind of fork to receive the musket, and at the bot-
tom a sharp iron ferule, for sticking it into the ground. Meyrick. iii. 41. 5 Bandoleers were little cylindri- cal wooden boxes, covered with leather, each containing one charge of powder for a musket, to facilitate the loading of the piece. Twelve of them were suspended to a belt worn over the left shoulder; and at the bottom of the belt, at the right hip, were hung the bullet bag and prim- ing box. These little cases were sometimes made of tin. They were used till the close of the 17th centu- ry, when they were superseded by the cartridge and cartridge-box. See Meyrick, iii. 77, British Cos- tume, p. 273.
6 " A kind of armour chiefly worn by pikemen. Strictly speaking, the word corselet means only that part which covered the corse or body ; but was generally used to express the whole suit, under the term of a corselet furnished or complete, which included the head-piece and gorget, the back and breasts, with skirts of iron, called tasses, hanging over the
45
ARMS FOR THE COLONY.
8 barrels for the fort,
12 barrels powder, 4 66 for small shot, 1629.
CHAP. III.
Shot, 1 lb. to a bandoleer,
8 pieces of land ordnance for the fort, whereof 5 already provided,
Feb.
26.
namely 2 demi-culverins,1 30 cwt. apiece, 3 sakers,2 each weighing 25 cwt.
to provide 1 whole culverin,3 as long as may be, 2 small pieces, iron drakes,
For great shot, a fit proportion to the ordnance, A seine, being a net to fish with.
For the Talbot,4 if 100 passengers and 35 mariners, three months, the mariners accounted double.5
45 tuns beer, whereof 6 tuns 4s. 39 tuns 6s. S
beer,
Malaga and Canary casks, 16s. a tun, 6 tuns of water,
12 m. of bread, after ¿ c. to a man,
22 hogsheads of beef,
40 bushels pease, a peck a man the voyage, 20 bushels oatmeal,
4 c. haberdine,6 62 cople each c .- (each cople makes 11 pound)- and half a pound a man per day,
8 dozen pounds of candles,
thighs." Meyrick's Ancient Ar- mour, iii. 21.
1 A piece of cannon four inches in diameter in the bore, and carrying a ball of 9} pounds. See Meyrick, iii. 65, 70.
2 A smaller piece of artillery, 3} inches in the bore, weight of shot 5} pounds. Meyrick, ibid.
3 A cannon 53 inches in the bore, weight of metal 4500 pounds, weight of shot 173 pounds.
4 The Talbot was a ship of 300 tons.
6 Because they must be supplied with provisions for the return voyage. 6 Salted cod-fish.
46
STORES FOR THE SHIPS.
CHAP. III.
2 tierces of beer vinegar, 1} bushels mustard seed,
20 gallons oil Gallipoli,1 or Majorca, two quarts a man,
1629. Feb. 26. 2 firkins of soap,
2 rundlets Spanish wine, 10 gallons apiece, 4 thousand of billets,2
10 firkins of butter,
10 c. of cheese,
20 gallons aqua-vitæ.
26th February, 1628.
Agreed with John Hewson to make eight pair of welt neat's leather shoes, crossed on the outside with a seam, to be substantial, good over leather, of the best, and two soles, the inner sole of good neat's leather, and the outer sole of tallowed backs,3 to be two pair of ten inches, two pair of eleven inches, two pair of twelve inches, and two pair of thirteen inches' size.
The proportions we intend is,
1 of 10 inches, 3 of 11 inches, 3 of 12 inches, 1 of 13 inches, J 2 of 8 inches, 2 of 9 inches, S 2s. 4d.
2s. 7d.
And he to refer it to the Company whether to allow 1d. per pair more.
1 Gallipoli, a sea-port in the king- dom of Naples, on the Gulf of Ta- ranto, is the chief mart of the oil produced in this region.
2 Of firewood, to be used on ship- board.
3 Hides, dressed with tallow in- stead of oil.
47
MONOPOLY OF SALT.
2d March, 1628.
Present,
CHAP. III.
THE GOVERNOR,
MR. ADAMS,
THE DEPUTY,
MR. NOELL, 1629.
MR. WRIGHT,
MR. WHETCOMBE,
March 2.
MR. VASSALL,
MR. PERRY,
MR. HARWOOD,
MR. HUSON.1
MR. COULSON,
This day James Edmonds, a sailor, fisher, and a cooper, was propounded to serve the Company ; as also Sydrach Miller, a cooper and a cleaver ; who demanding £45 for him and his man the first year, £50 a year the second and third year, and Ed- monds's demands being £10 the first year, £15 the second, and £20 the third year, both held too dear for the Company to be at charges withal.
Also, for Mr. Malbon, it was propounded, he hav- ing skill in iron works, and willing to put in £25 in stock, it should be accepted as £50, and his charges to be borne out and home from New-England ; and upon his return, and report what may be done about iron works, consideration to be had of proceeding therein accordingly, and further recompense, if there be cause to entertain him.
Touching making of salt, it was conceived fit that commodity should be reserved for the general stock's benefit ; yet with this proviso, that any planter or brother of the Company should have as much as he might any way have occasion to make use of, at as cheap rate as themselves could make it ; provided,
1 " This is the first account of names set down at their meetings, in the Massachusetts Court Records. By Governor is doubtless meant Mr. Cradock, and by Deputy Governor, Mr. Goff; who seem to be chose to
those offices by virtue of their pa- tent from the New-England Coun- cil." Prince, p. 254. What precedes seems to be the notes and memoran- da of Washburne, the Secretary.
48
THE BOSTON MEN.
CHAP. if the Company be not sufficiently provided for them- III. selves, then particular men may have liberty to make .1629. for their own expense and use any way, but not to transport nor sell.
March 2.
Touching John Oldham,1 the Governor was order- ed to confer with him upon any indifferent course that might not be prejudicial to the Company.
Also, it being propounded by Mr. Coney,2 in behalf of the Boston men,3 (whereof divers had promised,
1 Oldham, after his expulsion from Plymouth with Lyford in the sum- mer of 1624, retired, as we have seen, to Nantasket. Returning in the spring of 1625, without leave, he was ejected a second time from the colony in a summary and igno- minious manner. After declining, the same year, the invitation of the Dorchester adventurers, to trade for them with the Indians, he sailed in 1626 for Virginia, and on his voyage being delivered from extreme dan- ger, he becomes penitent, and "after carries himself fairly to us," says Bradford, " and we give him liberty to come and converse with us when he pleases." After this reconcilia- tion, so great was the confidence of the Plymouth people in him, that in June, 1628, when Morton, the rioter of Merry Mount, was arrested and sent prisoner to England, he was committed to Oldham's custody. At this time he seems to be prosecuting his own private affairs. See Prince's Annals, pp. 231, 236, 252 ; Morton's Memorial, p. 120 ; Mass. Hist. Coll. iii. 63.
2 This was probably the " Mr. Thomas Cony," who at an assembly held at the Guildhall of the borough of Boston on the 22d July, 1633, communicated to the mayor and bur- gesses an intimation from the Bishop of Lincoln, that Mr. John Cotton, late vicar of Boston, had resigned his vicarage on the 8th of that month. For this as well as for many other new facts illustrative of our early
annals, we are indebted to Mr. Sa- vage's filial pilgrimage to our father- land, the fruits of which he has em- bodied in his delightful Gleanings for New-England History, contained in Mass. Hist. Coll. xxviii. 243-348. See particularly page 343.
' It is gratifying to find "the Bos- ton men " so early engaged in the work. "Lincolnshire," says Hutch- inson, "contributed greatly, and more of our principal families derive their origin from thence than from any part of England, unless the city of London be an exception." Among the prominent Boston men, who came to this country, besides Cotton, were Thomas Dudley, Richard Bel- lingham, John Leverett, with his father Thomas, William Codding- ton, and Atherton Hough. The three first named were governors of Mas- sachusetts, and Coddington was the father and governor of Rhode Island. Hough was mayor of the borough in 1628, Bellingham was recorder from 1625 to 1633, and Thomas Leverett was an alderman. The Rev. Sam- uel Whiting, who had been minister of Skirbeck church, less than a mile from Boston, and was afterwards the minister of Lynn, in our Colony, had a father and brother both may- ors of the borough. Under these circumstances it is not surprising that the name of the native place of so many of the prominent colonists should have been given to the pen- insula which even then to their im- agination " presaged some sumptu-
*
49
THEIR PROPOSITION ACCEPTED.
though not in our book underwritten, to adventure CHAP. III. £400 in the joint stock,) that now their desire was that ten persons of them might underwrite £251 a 1629. man in the joint stock, they withal promising with March 2. these ships to adventure in their particular above £250 more, and to provide able men to send over for managing the business ; which, though it be pre- judicial to the general stock, by the abatement of so much money thereout, yet appearing really to con- duce more to the good of the Plantation, which is most desired, it was condescended unto.
ous city." It was probably for this reason, and not for the one common- ly assigned, viz. out of respect for Mr. Cotton, who did not come over till three years afterwards, that at a Court of Assistants held at Charles- town, Sept. 7, 1630, it was “ordered that Trimountain shall be called Boston." See Hutchinson's Hist. of Mass. i. 18, Mass. Hist. Coll. xxviii. 343, and Snow's History of Boston, pp. 32, 33.
Boston is a borough town in Lin- colnshire, 116 miles north of Lon- don, and 36 south-east of Lincoln, situated on both sides of the river Witham, five miles from the sea. It sends two members to Parliament. The parish church in which Cotton preached, built in 1309, is 382 feet in length by 99 in breadth, and the tower is 262 feet in height, and re- sembles that of the cathedral at Antwerp. It forms a conspicuous landmark for sailors, being visible at sea for forty miles. " Among the parish churches of England," said Edward Everett, in his beautiful
Address at Plymouth, Dec. 22,1845, " there is not a finer than the church at Boston, almost a cathedral in size, and unsurpassed by any of its class in the beauty of its architecture. I went many miles out of my way to behold this venerable pile ; and while I mused beneath its arches, ascended its grand tower, and stood before the altar at which Cotton ministered, I gained new impressions of the Christian heroism, the spirit- ual grandeur of the men, who turn- ed their backs on all this sacred grandeur and beauty, as well as on all the comforts and delights of civ- ilized life, that they might freely worship God in cabins and garrets, under exile and penury in the old world,. and in face of the gaunt ter- rors of this unsubdued wilderness." See Thompson's Hist of Boston, in Lincolnshire, and the Parliamentary Gazetteer of England, i. 229.
1 Prince, quoting this record, page 254, says, £10 a man -one of the very few errors that I have detected in the accurate Annalist.
4
50
AGREEMENT WITH SAMUEL SHARPE.
CHAP. III.
The 3d March, 1628. Present,
1629. March 3.
THE GOVERNOR,
MR. NOELL,
MR. DEPUTY,
MR. SHARPE.
MR. WRIGHT,
It was at present debated how some good course might be settled for the division of the lands, and that all men intending to go in person or to send over, might underwrite and seal some instrument to be made, whereby every man to be tied to such Or- ders as shall be agreed upon here ; and that a copy of this agreement be sent to Dorchester,1 for all men to underwrite and seal, that intend to take their passage in the Lion's Whelp,2 or else order to be taken that the ships proceed without them.
Mr. Samuel Sharpe, with whom there hath been an agreement made in the behalf of the Company to give him £10 per year for three years, to have the oversight of the ordnance to be planted in the fort to be built upon the Plantation, and what else may concern artillery business to give his advice in ; but for all other employments was left to be entertained by any particular brethren of the Company, who for other occasions had entertained him already, and held not fit to be at further charge in that kind. The said Sharpe is also entertained to oversee the [servants] and employments of certain particular 3
1 Dorchester, which may be con- sidered the cradle of the Massachu- setts Colony, is a borough town in Dorsetshire, on the southern bank of the river Frome, 120 miles from London, and having in 1831 a popu- lation of 3033. It is under the gov- ernment of a mayor, and sends two members to Parliament. Trinity
Church, in which patriarch White preached, was pulled down in 1824, and a new church erected on the site. See Parl. Gaz. of England, i. 602.
2 The Lion's Whelp was a vessel of 120 tons.
3. Sharpe was Cradock's agent, as will be seen hereafter.
51
SIR WILLIAM BRERETON.
men of the Company. But for the general,1 present- CHAP. III. ed a bill for three drums and other particulars,~ amounting to five pounds, nineteen shillings ; which 1629. the Treasurer hath order to pay.
The 5th March, 1628. Present, March 5.
THE GOVERNOR,
MR. WRIGHT,
MR. DEPUTY,
MR. NOWELL,
MR. TREASURER,
MR. WHITE,
SIR RICHARD SALTONSTALL,
MR. WHETCOMBE.
CAPT. VENN,
A new proposition being made in the behalf of Mr. Oldham to be entertained by this Company, it was deferred to further consideration.
Also, John Washburne being propounded for Sec- retary to the Company, it was conceived fit to en- tertain him, but deferred till another [time.]
A proposition being made by Sir William Brere- ton2 to the. Governor, of a patent granted him of
1 The general stock, the Compa- ny's concern.
2 Captain Robert Gorges, son of Sir Ferdinando, obtained a patent from the Council of Plymouth, dated Dec. 13, 1622, ten miles in breadth and thirty miles into the land, on the northeast side of Massachusetts Bay. On the death of Robert, his patent descended to his brother John, who by a deed dated Jan 10, 1629, con- veyed to Sir William Brereton, of Handforth, in the county of Chester, Bart., and his heirs, " all the land in breadth lying from the east side of Charles river to the easterly part of the cape called Nahant, and all the lands lying in length twenty miles northeast into the main land from the mouth of the said Charles river, lying also in length twenty miles
into the main land northeast from the said cape Nahant." Now the grant made by the Plymouth Coun- cil to the Massachusetts Company, March 19, 1628, covered this same territory, and also the tract granted by John Gorges to John Oldham ; and hence the disputes of the Com- pany with Brereton and Oldham. It appears that Brereton sent over sev- eral families and servants, who pos- sessed and improved large tracts of the said land, and made several leases. He seems to have been preparing to come over himself, but on the breaking out of the civil wars, taking the popular side, he found employment in the Long Parliament and the army, and was at the head of the forces that reduced Chester. See Mass. Archives, Lands, i. 1 ;
52
JOHN PRATT, THE SURGEON.
CHAP. lands in the Massachusetts Bay by Mr. John Gorges, III. and that if this Company would make him a promise, 1629. March® 5. so as he consent to underwrite with this Company, it might not be prejudicial to his patent, it was re- solved this answer should be given him, namely, that if he please to underwrite with us without any con- dition whatsoever, but to come in as all other adventurers do, he should be welcome upon the same conditions that we have.
A proposition being made to entertain a surgeon for the Plantation, Mr. [blank] Pratt1 was propound- ed as an able man, upon these conditions, namely, that £40 should be allowed him, viz. for his chest £25, the rest for his own salary for the first year, provided he continues three years, the Company to be at charge of transporting his wife and a [servant,] and to have £20 a year for the other two years, and to build him a house at the Company's charge, and to allot him a hundred acres of ground. But if he stay but one year, then the Company to be at charge
Hutchinson's Mass. i. 6, 18; Haz- ard's State Papers, i. 152 ; and Mass. Hist. Coll. xxvi. 75.
1 Pratt's name was John. He settled at Newtown, or Cambridge, but removed to Connecticut in 1636. In Nov. 1635, he was cited before the Court of Assistants for a letter which he had written to England, " wherein he raised an ill report of this country." He made an equivo- cal and rather unsatisfactory apolo- gy, which is printed at length in Mass. Hist. Coll. xvii. 126. In Nov. 1644, he sailed from Boston with his wife, for Malaga, in a new ship of 400 tons, which was lost on the coast of Spain, and they were both drowned. Governor Winthrop
says, " This man was above sixty years old, an experienced· surgeon, who had lived in New-England many years, and was of the first church at Cambridge in Mr. Hook- er's time, and had good practice, and wanted nothing. But he had been long discontented, because his employment was not so profitable to himself as he desired, and it is like he feared lest he should fall into want in his old age, and therefore he would needs go back into Eng- land, (for surgeons were. then in great request there by occasion of the wars,) but God took him away child- less." See Savage's Winthrop, i. 173, ii. 239, and Hutchinson's Col- lection of Papers, p. 106.
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