USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Melrose > City of Melrose annual report 1908 > Part 3
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CITY OF MELROSE.
1
2. ITEMIZED PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE.
Year
Salaries
Books and Supplies
Fuel
Sundries
Repairs and Permanent Improve- ments
Total
1900.
$57.19
$8.42
$5.71
$1.36
$1.28
$73.96
1901
50.95
6.44
6.46
1.47
2.12
67.44
1902
42.68
4.75
5.68
2.08
1.06
56.25
1903.
37.98
3.23
4.53
2.18
.85
48.77
1904.
38.86
3.11
5.25
1.09
.96
49.27
1905.
40.49
3.44
3.60
1.01
.52
49.06
1906.
36.34
3.20
2.38
.78
. 47
43.17
1907.
39.37
3.93
4.33
.92
.88
49.43
1908.
40.23
3.39
3.42
.91
.90
48.85
Per cent. of increase ..
.
Per cent. of decrease. . . ..
29 6-10
59 7-10
40 1-10
33
29 6-10
33 9-10
SCHOOL REPORT.
47
48
-
C. Membership Data.
Year
Average Membership of all Schools
Average Membership of Elementary Schools
Average Membership of the High School
Per cent. of Total Av. Mem. in the High School
Per cent. of Total Av. Mem. in Elem. Schools
1900
2,540.57
2,290.31
250.26
8-10
90 2-10
1901
2,600.31
2,321.42
278.89
10 7-10
89 3-10
1902
2,715.05
2,375.38
339.67
12 5-10
87 5-10
1903
2,771.03
2,382.33
388.70
14
86
1904
2,842.76
2,438.77
403.99
14 2-10
85 8-10
1905.
2,920.50
2,514.92
405.58
13 9-10
86 1-10
1906 .
2,964.01
2,534.17
429.84
14 5-10
85 5-10
1907.
2,989.34
2,517.11
472.23
15 7-10
84 3-10
1908
3,020.63
2,520.08
500.55
16 5-10
83 5-10
Increase in average membership of all schools during nine years, 18 8-10 per cent.
Increase in average membership of elementary schools during nine years, 10 per cent.
Increase in average membership of high school during nine years, 100 per cent.
CITY OF MELROSE
EXHIBIT II. School Expenditure in the eleven cities of Middlesex County for the School Year, 1907-1908.
Note .- Data from latest report of State Board of Education. Expenditure for new buildings or permanent improvements is reckoned for year in which appropriation was made.
A. Per Capita valuation, expenditure per pupil, amount expended for each $1,000 of valuation, and average wages of teachers.
Cities
Average valuation per capita of the populat'n, May, 1907.
Amount raised by lo- cal taxation and expended for each child in av. mem- bership of schools for all school pur- poses.
Amount of taxable property appro- priated for all
Average Wages per Month of Teachers
school purposes for each $1,000 of valuation.
Men
*Women
Newton . .
$1,833.54
$43.02
$3.96
$203.61
$62.59
Medford . .
1,134.84
35.30
6.30
151.50
65.13
Melrose.
1,100.69
33.68
6.36
121.66
59.53
Cambridge .
1,098.27
37.51
5.24
163.80
71.23
Waltham .
949.55
34.22
4.35
157.27
62.81
Somerville .
888.21
33.13
6.34
171.36
72.87
Malden .
861.26
66.17
13.52
166.90
75.15
Everett ..
226.16
28.77
7.36
148.50
61.23
Lowell ..
795.1.4
36.06
5.44
177.62
68.44
Woburn.
.
757.15
39.19
9.84
134.00
55.39
Marlboro
702.72
24.91
5.97
99.28
55.01
.
.
SCHOOL REPORT
49.
1
50
B. Membership and Graduates of Schools. (Data from latest report of State Board of Education).
CITIES
Average membership,
schools,
Average membership of
Average membership of
High School, 1907-8.
Per Cent. of total aver-
age membership cred-
ited to High School,
No. of pupils graduated
from elemt'ry schools
Per Cent. of elementary
membership in those
No. of pupils graduated
from High School June,
Per Cent. of High School
graduates to member-
ship of that school,
1907-8.
Cambridge .
14,957
13,293
1,664
11 1-10%
735
5 5-10%
209
12 5-10%
Somerville .
11,793
10,250
1,543
13%
742
7 2-10%
223
14 4-10%
Lowell .
11,375
10,290
1,085
9 1-2%
478
4 6-10%
168
15 4-10%
Malden
6,695
5,913
782
11 3-5%
352
5 9-10%
115
14 9-10%
Newton .
6,223
5,240
983
14 4-5%
317
6 2-10%
163
16 5-10%
Everett .
6,153
5,592
561
9 3-10%
330
5 9-10%
90
16%
Medford .
3,988
3,416
572
14 3-10%
228
6 6-10%
75
13 1-10%
Waltham .
3,172
2,719
453
14 1-5%
180
6 6-10%
65
14 3-10%
Melrose . .
2,974
2,474
500
16 4-5%
212
8 5-10%
79
15 8-10%
Woburn .
2,738
2,480
258
9 2-5%
138
5 5-10%
20
7 7-10%
Marlboro
2,368
1,980
388
16 2-5%
101
5 1-10%
43
11%]
1907-8.
elementary
1907-8.
1907-8.
June, 1908.
school graduates to
schools, 1907-8.
1908.
CITY OF MELROSE
EXHIBIT III. Comparative Study of School Expenditure in Melrose, Malden, Medford, and Everett, covering the past ten years. (Note .- Data from reports of State Board of Education).
A. Amount expended for all school purposes for each $1,000 of valuation. Note .- Expenditure for new buildings or permanent improvements is reckoned for year in which appropriation was made).
1898-9
1889- 1900
1900- 1901
1901-2
1902-3
1903-4
1904-5
1905-6
1906-7
1907-8
Average for 10 years
Melrose .
$9.87
$5.73
$6.02
$4.65
$5.28
$5.48
$5.57
$5.89
$5.22
$6.36
$6.01
Malden .
7.80
7.05
6.37
6.33
6.03
6.11
5.61
6.28
9.94
13.52
7.50
Medford .
9.10
7.66
5.20
4.44
7.38
5.65
5.23
6.73
5.49
6.30
6.32
Everett.
8.61
7.56
8.30
8.92
6.20
6.73
10.45
8.94
10.32
7.36
8.34
SCHOOL REPORT
51
52
B. Amount expended for "support of schools" for each $1,000 of valuation.
(Note. "Support of schools," as defined by the State Board of Education, includes teachers, wages, conveyance of pupils, fuel and care of school premises, School Committee expenses,-including clerical aid and truant service,- supervision, text-books and supplies, and sundries).
1898-9
1899 1900
1900- 1901
1901-2
1902-3
1903-4
1904-5
1905-6
1906-7
1907-8
Average for 10 years
Melrose .
$5.10
$5.82
$5.81
$5.07
$5.03
$5.17
$5.43
$5.67
$5.04
$5.99
$5.41
Malden .
5.81
5.95
6.06
5.98
5.62
5.88
5.45
5.75
5.95
6.27
5.87
Medford .
4.87
4.82
4.90
4.81
4.85
4.86
5.00
5.22
5.35
5.41
5.01
Everett.
5.72
5.51
5.73
5.94
5.99
6.49
6.55
6.79
6.96
7.05
6.27
CITY OF MELROSE
C. Per Capita expenditure for all school purposes. (Note .- Expenditure for new buildings or permanent improvements is reckoned for year in which appropriation was made).
1898-9
1899 1900
1900- 1901
1901-2
1902-3
1903-4
1904-5
1905-6
1906-7
1907-8
Average for 10 years
Melrose .
$49.16 $28.96
$33.05
$30.54
$30.59
$30.40
$29.95
$31.21
$27.36
$33.67
$32.49
Malden .
39.46
35.99
31.82
31.19
29.56
30.15
30.05
32.62
50.97
66.17
37.80
Medford .
56.02
49.31
34.49
28.84
42.25
32.02
28.98
36.40
30.31
35.30
37.39
Everett .
32.32
31.28
33.76
35.12
24.47
25.71
39.65
34.03
38.40
28.93
32.37
SCHOOL REPORT
53
54
D. Per Capita expenditure for "Support of Schools."
(Note. "Support of Schools," as defined by the State Board of Education, includes teachers' wages, conveyance of pupils, fuel and care of school premises, School Committee expenses,-including clerical aid and truant service-supervision, text-books and supplies, and sundries).
1898-9
1899- 1900
1900- 1901
1901-2
1902-3
1903-4
1904-5
1905-6
1906-7
1907-8
Average for 10 years
Melrose .
$25.39
$27.81
$31.92
$29.85
$29.17
$29.24
$29.14
$30.05
$26.44
$31.69
$29.07
Malden .
29.40
30.35
30.27
29.13
27.66
29.17
29.34
29.87
30.77
30.66
29.66
Medford .
29.73
30.37
32.54
28.14
27.66
27.61
27.70
28.28
29.62
30.33
29.20
Everett.
23.84
22.81
23.30
23.42
23.64
24.78
24.85
25.33
25.96
27.60
24.55
CITY OF MELROSE.
1
-
E. Average wages of teachers per month, based on the school year of ten months.
1898-9
1899- 1900
1900- 1901
1901-2
1902-3
1903-4
1904-5
1905-6
1906-7
1907-8
Per Cent. of inc. in 10 years
Average for 10 years
$108.33 $118.89 $118.89 $124. 44 $129.38 $117.50 $123.00
Melrose
ยง Male Fem.
52.39
53.47
52.15
53.08
53.85
55.00
55.00
55.00 $127.08 $125.56 $121.66 55.54
59.53
12 3-10 13 6-10
$121.47 54.50
Malden
Male Fem.
141.25 59.88
141.25 59.48
144.16 59.11
149.17 60.86
148.46 60.61
149.68 65.63
172.71 70.91
166.98 70.55
162.25 76.27
166.90 75.15
11 25 5-10
154.28 65.84
Medford
Male Fem.
130.83 57.30
140.45 60.53
140.45 60.34
138.07 62.21
139.38 59.35
137.32 60.42
131.61 61.69
131.14 61.13
141.54 63.80
151.50 65.13
15 7-10 13 6-10
138.22 61.19
Everett
Male Fem.
132.00 53.50
135.00 52.74
140.00 53.09
128.66 58.61
136.25 59.69
146.25 53.70
151.25 53.26
145.50 56.91
145.50 60.62
148.50 61.23
12 5-10 14 4-10
140.89 56.37
SCHOOL REPORT.
55
56
CITY OF MELROSE.
Comment on the Foregoing Exhibits.
Deductions from Exhibit I .- A study of this exhibit reveals the following facts.
1. While the gross expenditure for schools has increased 12.6 per cent. in 8 years, the increase in the expenditure per pupil has been only 2.7 per cent. This shows that relatively we are conducting the schools upon a more economical basis today than 9 years ago.
The 'total expenditure for schools in Middlesex County during this time has increased 28 per cent. and for the State at large the increase is 33.9 per cent., i.e., our gross expenditure has increased a little less than one half as fast as that for the County, and a little more than one third as fast as that for the State.
It is interesting to note also that while the expenditure increase for the above period has been 12.6 per cent., the increase in the membership of the schools has been 18.8 per cent., i. e., the membership of the schools during the past eight years has increased 6.2 per cent. faster than the ex- penditure has increased.
2. With the exception of Salaries and Repairs, we spent less per pupil for every item in 1908 than in 1900 for the same item. This leaves out Transportation and Tuition for which we were then paying nothing.
The increases for Salaries and Repairs were due to necessary increases in salaries in order to protect the schools and to the natural increase to be expected with advancing age of build- ings.
It appears also that our per capita cost increase is 2 7-10 per cent., while that for the County is 10 per cent. and that for the State is 14.7 per cent., i. e., our per capita cost has in- creased a little less than one third as rapidly as the County and a little less than one seventh as rapidly as the State.
3. The increase in the membership of the schools for Melrose during the past eight years is 18 8-10 per cent .; the increase in the membership of schools for the County during the same period is 17.3 per cent., and the increase in the
57
SCHOOL REPORT
membership of the schools in the State during the same time is 16.7 per cent., i. e., while our gross expenditure has not increased as rapidly as the expenditure in either County or State, our membership increase has been more rapid, which serves to emphasize the conclusion that our schools are being conducted on a relatively economical basis.
4. The increase in the gross expenditure for the high school during the period under consideration is 31.5 per cent. While this is a considerable increase in the amount of money devoted to high school purposes, it is not surprising when one notes that the membership of this school has increased 100 per cent. in the same time.
The cost per pupil is the proper standard by which to estimate care in expenditure, and in that respect it will be noted that the per capita cost in 1908 was $48.85 as against $73.96 in 1900, i. e., the cost per pupil for high school purposes has decreased 33.9 per cent. in eight years.
It has sometimes been stated that the Committee was putting money into the high school to the neglect of the elementary schools. The following facts, shown in Exhibit 1, are interesting as bearing upon this statement.
1. During the past eight years the increase in the average membership. of the high school has been ten times as rapid as that in the lower grades. Therefore, since salaries for high school teachers average higher than for grade teachers and since high school books and appar- ratus cost higher than for the grades, it might fairly be expected that a much larger proportion of the total expenditure for schools was required for the high school in 1908 than in 1900, even if the per capita cost remained unchanged, whereas in 1900, with 9 8-10 per cent. of the membership in the high school, we put 24 per cent. of the total expenditure into the high school, while in 1908, with 16 5-10 per cent., or 6.7 per cent. more, of the membership in the high school, we put only 25 per cent. of the total expenditure into the high school, or one per cent. more.
MELROSE PUBLIC LIBRARY MELROSE, MASS.
58
CITY OF MELROSE
2. As has been previously pointed out the per capita cost of the high school has decreased 33.9 per cent. in eight years. During this same period the per capita cost in the elementary schools has decreased only 2.4 per cent.
These facts effectively refute any charge that the high school has been absorbing an undue amount of the school expenditure.
Deductions from Exhibit II. The following facts appear from a study of Exhibit II.
1. Melrose is to be ranked as one of the wealthiest cities in the County, only two cities, Newton and Medford, exhibit- ing a higher per capita valuation for 1907.
2. Seven of the eleven cities, viz., Malden, Newton, Woburn, Cambridge, Lowell, Medford, and Waltham, for the school year 1907- 1908, raised by local taxation and expended more per child for all school purposes than Melrose.
3. Three of the eleven cities appropriated more for all school purposes for each $1,000 of valuation than Melrose.
4. In only one of the eleven cities is the average of the monthly wages for male teachers less and in only two is the average for female teachers less than in Melrose.
It appears, therefore, that the expenditure for public schools in Melrose is not excessive as compared with that in the other cities of the County.
Some interesting facts tending to show that we might fairly expect the cost of schools in Melrose to be relatively higher than it is appear in table B of Exhibit II.
1. The membership of the Melrose High School for the school year 1907-1908 was 16.8 per cent. of the total school membership. This is above that for any other city in the County. This operates to raise both gross and per capita cost, because it costs to educate a child in high school nearly double what it costs in the lower grades.
2. The most expensive grades in the elementary schools are the upper grammar grades. Now, from the above-men- tioned table, it appears that the per cent. of graduates from the grammar schools in Melrose is greater than in any other
59
SCHOOL REPORT
of the cities under consideration, an indication that we have relatively more pupils in our upper grammar grades than the other cities. This fact also operates to raise both our gross expenditure and per capita cost.
Deductions from Exhibit III. From this exhibit it appears (1) that, in the amount expended for all school pur- poses for each $1,000 of valuation, Melrose, during the past ten years, has been lowest five years, number three for four years, and number one, or highest, for one year; (2) thatin the amount expended for "support of schools," i. e., for wages of teachers, conveyance of pupils, fuel and care of school premises, School Committee,-including clerical help and truant service,- supervision, text-books and supplies, and sundries,-Melrose has been lowest one year, number three for seven years, and number two for two years, and that the average for the ten years is number three; (3) that in the per capita expenditure for all purposes, based on the average membership for the school year, Melrose has been number four, or lowest, for three years, number three for four years, number two for three years, and that the average for the ten years is number three; (4) that in per capita cost for "support of schools" as previous -. ly defined, Melrose has been number three, or next to thelowest, for three years, number two for two years, and number one for five years, and that the average for the ten years is number three; (5) that the average monthly wages of male teachers in Melrose has been the lowest for each of the ten years and that the average monthly wages of female teachers has been the lowest for seven of the ten years and during the re- maining three years next to the lowest, and further that the average for the ten years is lowest.
Summarized the following facts seem to be demonstrated by the above tabulations.
1. That the amount of local tax appropriated for all school purposes in Melrose is not excessive as compared with that in other cities working under somewhat similar condi- tions.
2. That while the expenditure for schools during the past eight years has increased considerably (12.6 per cent.)
60
CITY OF MELROSE
this increase is less than the average increase, either for the County (28 per cent.) or for the State (33.9 per cent.), and further that the per cent. of increase in expenditure for the eight years (12.6 per cent.) has been less rapid than the in- crease in the average membership of the schools (18.8 per cent.)
3. That there is absolutely no ground for the charge which has been made at times that money was being put into the high school at the expense of the grades, as shown by the fact that relatively we are spending much less money upon that school today than we have in years past,-the table showing that the per capita expenditure for high school purposes has been steadily decreasing during the past nine years from $73.96 in 1900 to $48.85 in 1908.
4. That although we have increased the salaries of our teachers during this period of nine years, the average month- ly wages paid our teachers at present is below the average paid in each of the ten other cities with which comparisons have been made.
Another interesting fact in connection with the foregoing study is the following. In 1902 a Committee of ten was ap- pointed by the National Educational Association to study conditions with respect to school expenditure throughout the country. The membership of this Committee contained such men as William T. Harris, at that time United States Commissioner of Education, Nathan C. Shaeffer, then State Superintendent of Schools in Pennsylvania, and William H. Maxwell, Superintendent of Schools of New York City. In 1905 this Committee issued a report based upon a study of twenty-nine cities in different parts of the country.
In considering the proper division of funds for school purposes this Committee showed that the average per cent. of resources expended in these twenty-nine cities for in- struction,- i.e., for salaries of teachers, superintendent, supervisors, and special teachers,-was 75.1 per cent., and for books and supplies 7 per cent.
From the above tables it is found that the expenditure for Melrose during 1908 for instruction was 73.8 per cent. and for books and supplies 5.8 per cent.
61
SCHOOL REPORT
It appears therefore that we are maintaining a reasonable division of funds in our school expenditure.
While the foregoing study indicates as I have suggested that the school system in Melrose is administered with a reasonable degree of economy, it may be well to point out a few facts which might be fairly urged as justifying a relatively high expenditure.
1. According to the latest report of the State Board of Education, there are only four out of the 354 towns and cities in the Commonwealth in which the ratio of attendance to the number of children between 5 and 15 is as large as it is in Melrose.
2. Unlike many cities, Melrose has had no parochial school up to the present time, so that we have educated prac- tically all of our children at public expense.
3. The attendance in the upper grades of our schools, as has been pointed out, is unusually large; and these are the most expensive grades.
4. The per cent. of male teachers in our high school is larger than in most high schools. This is a condition to be desired, from the point of view of the best educational results, but it tends obviously to increase the cost for support, since salaries for men average higher than for women.
5. The school buildings in Melrose average smaller than in the majority of cities; and this tends to increase the cost for school maintenance, since it costs more relatively for the heating and care of small buildings than it does for large ones.
62
1
THE TEACHERS. A. Changes during 1908. I. Withdrawals.
Name
Position Held
Date of Withdrawal
Marguerite E. Hill
Grade 7, Lincoln School
.January 31
G. Rose McConnell
. Grade 1, Warren School ..
. May 15
Annie L. Dinnie ..
Grade 6, Franklin School .
. June 26
Horace Kidger .
History Dept., High School. .June 26
Bessie Lynde .
Grade 7, Horace Mann School.
.June 26
Christine D. Ross .
Modern Language Dept., High School .
. June 26
Elizabeth G. Saunders,
Grade 8, Franklin School . .
. June 26
Aimee L. Sears . ,.
Assistant, Grade 8, Livermore School
June 26
Lillian M. Tufts
Grade 1, Horace Mann School.
. June 26
Frederic R. Willard
English and Science, High School
.June 26
Annie M. Coveney .
Grade 9, Washington School .
. October 9
C. Ross Appler
. Business Dept., High School .
November 1
Anastatia G. Riley .
Grade 4, Lincoln School ..
. November 20
CITY OF MELROSE
2. Appointments.
Name
Former Position
Position to which Appointed
Began Work
Mary I. Coggeshall .
Not teaching .
Grade 8, Lincoln School .
January 14
Robert F. Allen .
Maine Wesleyan Seminary ..
Assistant, High School .
September 9 September 9
Ina E. Cobb. .
Grade 8, Groton, Mass.
Grade 7, Horace Mann School .
Mary I. Lynch .
Not teaching .
Grade 8, Franklin School .
September 9
W. Henry H. Peirce.
Quincy High School.
History Dept., High School .
September 9
Elizabeth H. Scott.
Grade 2, Revere, Mass.
Grade 1, Horace Mann School .
September 9
Helen F. Warren . .
Not teaching .
Assistant, High School ...
September 9
Laura G. Willgoose .
Danielsonville, Conn., High School .
Modern Language Dept., High School
September 9
Melvina E. Williams.
Mixed Grade, Cape Elizabeth, Me ..
Grade 7, Washington School ..
September 9
*Harold C. Spencer
Business Dept., High School ...
November
*Mabel F. Hutchinson ..
Spencerian Business College, Boston . . Not teaching .
Grade 4, Lincoln School ...
November 23
*Substitute teachers.
SCHOOL REPORT
63
64
CITY OF MELROSE
Comment on Changes.
Of the thirteen teachers who have retired from the corps during the past year, as indicated by the above tabulation, five only left for salary reasons. Of these five, four were teachers in the high school and one was a teacher in the grades below the high. Formerly it was not an uncommon experience to have from six to ten grade teachers resign an- nually to accept higher salaries in other communities. These facts indicate that the higher salary schedule for teachers in our elementary schools has operated to protect the city to a considerable degree from the loss of efficient teachers from the corps.
In addition to the changes indicated in the above tabula- tions, Lucy E. Shute of the fifth grade in the Mary A. Liver- more School, and Eva R. Crane, Principal of the Washington School, were granted a year's leave of absence. Both are ex- pected to resume work in their former positions in September, 1909.
During the year Harriet Buck Witham, formerly teacher of grade VII in the D. W. Gooch School, has taken Miss Shute's place, and Rose D. Lanphear, formerly assistant in grade IX at the Washington School, has taken Miss Crane's place.
During the latter part of the school year, Mrs. Mary R. Clarke, who had served the city faithfully and efficiently for a period of nearly fourteen years, died after an illness of several months. Mrs. Clark's death was a serious loss to the schools.
I am glad to report that, without exception, the new teachers who have received permanent appointment during the year are doing satisfactory work.
B. Qualifications for Eligibility .- Teaching is not only a highly responsible vocation but also one that demands special training in the preparation of the teacher in order that the best results may be secured in the schools. Professional training will not necessarily insure a teacher's success but it is certainly a helpful element in the teacher's equipment.
It has been thought too commonly in the past that any- one who had fair knowledge of the subject-matter to be
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SCHOOL REPORT.
taught was fitted to teach; and there are many today who do not fully understand that one may know well the subject- matter of teaching and yet be an inferior teacher.
Previous to 1899 there had been no definitely formulated requirements for eligibility to a position as teacher in the pub- lic schools of Melrose. As a result teachers were receiving appointment to the corps who were simply high school gradu- ates with no special professional training beyond a few months of observation and practice as assistant in some of the schools.
Such a policy of administration seemed to me a mistake, and, in accordance with a suggestion upon the desirability of defining the requisites of eligibility for appointment to the teaching staff in our schools, the Committee, early in 1899, adopted the following rule governing such appointments :- "Every appointee for a vacancy in the High School, except in the Commercial Department, shall be a college graduate or shall possess the equivalent of a college training. Every appointee to a vacancy in the Grammar or Primary schools shall have graduated from a Normal School, or shall have had a good high school education, and at least two years' experience in teaching in full charge of a room. Every appointee as a regular teacher in the Kindergarten Schools shall be a gradu- ate of some accepted Kindergarten Training School."
This regulation is in force at the present time, and steady adherence to its provisions has helped to strengthen our corps. of instructors.
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