History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. I, Part 137

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton), ed
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Philadelphia, J. W. Lewis & co
Number of Pages: 1034

USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. I > Part 137

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this thirty years there were 396 deaths, making the annual average 13.5. Of the 396 who died, ninety ar- rived at the age of seventy and upwards-more than 43 per cent. arrived at what is called the common age of man. Out of the ninety that lived to this age, fifty-two attained the age of eighty. Of the fifty-two that arrived at this age, twenty-seven lived to be eighty-seven and upwards, or one in 143 that attained this advanced age; twelve lived to be ninety and up- wards, making one in thirty-three. Three lived to be ninety-five and upwards, giving one in 132. One lived to be 102 years old.

The estimate which Dr. Kendall gives of the people of the town, is that they are mostly industrious farm- ers-a class of men which merits the high considera- tion and esteem of every other class. The character of its inhabitants would not suffer by a comparison with those of any other town in the Commonwealth.

In 1711 a committee, consisting of Captain Fullam, Lieutenant Josiah Jones and Daniel Estabrook, were appointed by the Farmers' District to present a peti- tion to the town-meeting in Watertown, held in May, 1711, and the following December the town "did by a free vote manifest their willingness that the said farmers should be a township by themselves, accord- ing to their former bounds," with the proviso and conditions, " Ist, that the farmers continue to pay a due share of the expense of maintaining the Great Bridge over Charles River; 2d, that they pay their full share of the debts now due by the town ; 3d, that they do not in any way infringe the right of proprietors having land, but not residing among the farmers." The petition was at once presented to the General Court, and the act incorporating the town of Weston was passed January 1, 1812, It is to be regretted that those who took part in organizing the new town, its officers, etc., are lost, little or nothing remaining to-day from that date to 1754, when the second volume of "Town Reports " commences. There were no Indian settlements within the limits of Weston; they had their hunting-gronnd higher up, on the banks of the Charles River. When the In- dians planned the destruction of Watertown and the outlying settlements in 1676, they entered the north- westerly part of the town and burnt a barn, but it does not appear that any other damage was done. In Captain Hugh Mason's return of his company in 1675 appear the names of seven men who were of the Wes- ton Precinct-John Parkhurst, Michael Flagg, John Whitney, Jr., George Harrington, Jacob Ballard, Nathaniel Hely, John Bigelow.

Jacob Fullam, of Weston, son of 'Squire Francis Fullam, joined the expedition, commanded by Cap- tain Lovewell, against the " Pequanket " tribe of In- dians in 1725. Fullam held the rank of sergeant. This tribe of Indians, with Pungus, their chief, had its home in the White Mountains, on the Saco River, in New Hampshire. They were very troublesome, and this expedition was undertaken to capture and

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destroy them, as well as to gain the large bounty of- fered by the Province of £100 for every Indian scalp. The expedition consisted of about forty men. They were led into an ambush by the savages, and the greater part were killed, including Captain Lovewell and Sergeant Fullam. Fullam is reported to have distinguished himself in the fight. He killed one savage in a hand-to-hand encounter, and when a sec- ond savage came to the rescue of his friend, Fullam and the second savage fell at the same time, killed by each other's shots. There was an old song about this fight, one verse of which runs as follows :

" Young Fullam, too, I'll mention, Because he fought so well, Trying to save another man, A sacrifice he fell."

The first step taken toward a military organization was in September, 1630, induced, probably, by the danger which was threatening the charter of the Province, which King Charles was said to be about to withdraw, which act on the part of the King would in all probability have brought matters to an early crisis. In 1636, at the time of the Peqnot war, a more general organization of the militia took place. In this year all able-bodied men in the Colony were ranked into three regiments, the Middlesex regi- ment being under the command of John Haines. This Middlesex regiment continued to exist down to the early years of this century, as one of the historic features of the county, and in its day having been commanded by such distinguished men as Brooks, Varnum, Barrett and others. In 1637 lieutenants and ensigns were appointed for the train-bands in the towns. All persons above the age of sixteen were re- quired to take the oath of fidelity, and that was prob- ably the age when they became subject to military duty. In 1643 the danger from the Indians and the scattered position of townships led to the league of the four Colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Con- necticut and New Haven, under the title of the " United Colonies of New England." These four Col- onies contaized thirty-nine townships, with a popu- lation of about 24,000 inhabitants. Of the 24,000 peo- ple in the Confederacy, 15,000 belonged to Massachu- setts, while the other three Colonies had only a pop- ulation of about 3000 each. In 1643 the thirty towns of Massachusetts were divided into four counties- Middlesex, Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk. The train- bands organized at this time in every part of the Col- ony; one-third of the band was set apart, under the title of "Alarm men," who were to be ready at a mo- ment's notice to repel any Indian invasion of the towns or settlements. They were the home-guard, and never took part on expeditions calling the train- band from home. The Alarm men took their arms to meeting on Sundays, and stacked them in the church during divine service. After meeting they formed in front of the church, and were inspected by the captain of the train-band, or, in his absence, by

one of the deacons of the church. Each man had to be provided with a certain amount of powder and ball, which ammunition was provided the men by the precinct. As the danger from Indian incursions had passed away, the "Alarm list" still continued down to the time of the Revolution. During the French and Indian wars, from 1735 to 1760, it became necessary to keep open direct ways of communication between Eastern Massachusetts and the frontiers of Canada. Massachusetts, from 1740, claimed all the territory that now constitutes the State of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. She manned and supported the forts on the Connecticut River at West- moreland, Keene and Charlestown, Fort Drummond at Vassalboro', Vermont, etc. The Indian trails which from the early period had been the principal roads of travel, were inadequate for the transportation of can- non and ammunition of war; Massachusetts con- structed roads through New Hampshire to Crown Point and Lake Champlain. Several of these roads ran through Middlesex County, and were the foundation of the principal thoronghfares we have in useto-day. The Main Road, Concord Road and Framingham Turnpike were largely in use in early times to reach distant points in the interior. These roads run through Weston to-day. The soldiers who had served in the Narragansett or King Philip's War were, for a number of» years, clamoring for the lands which had been promised them by the Province for their service, in this war. A large percentage of these old sol- diers had gone to their graves unrewarded, but there still remained some 840 claimants.

After a long delay it was finally decided to grant a township six miles square to every one hundred and twenty soldiers; seven townships were granted. The committee appointed to lay out these several town- ships reported in February, 1734. These Narraganset townships were distinguished by numbers from No. 1 to No. 7. No 2, at Wachusett, was ordered "to assign to His Excellency Jonathan Belcher, five hundred acres of land in said town, for his father's right." In this township there were seventeen grantees from Cambridge, thirty-three from Charlestown, twenty-six from Watertown, five from Weston, eleven from Sud- bury, seven from Newton, three from Medford, six from Malden and ten from Reading. John Sawin drew his father's rights in No. 2 in 1737; John Thomas and Manning Sawin owned the Livermore farm in Weston, afterwards sold to John Train. Mr. Abijah Upham, of Weston, was collector of the grantors of Weston. Benjamin Brown, of Weston, would seem to have been the principal manager of the Township No. 2. An interesting letter is addressed to him in 1737 by the clergyman of No. 2, who it, ap- pears, had received no salary for a number of years. It was not, however, till 1744 that any attention ap- pears to have been paid to the demands of the Rev. Elisha Marsh. In 1738 the bill for building the meeting-house appears among Mr. Brown's papers ;

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HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.

the sum of its cost is stated as £366 IOs. Od., with vouchers attached. Mr. Brown continues in general management of the township, now Westminster, from 1736 to 1750, when he transfers his accounts to Mr. Cook, treasurer of the proprietors. Beginning with the year 1734, the inhabitants of the northerly part of Weston complained of the distance which sepa- rated them from the place of public worship, and the condition of the roads leading to the meeting-house. Repeated presentments to the General Court were made concerning the condition of these roads. These complaints carry us back to the separation of Weston from Watertown, and resulted in 1746, in the formation of the town of Lincoln, and the loss to Weston of a large tract of land granted to Lincoln which had formerly formed a part of that town. The custom prevailed before the Revolution, and for some years later, for the inhab- itants, in town-meeting, to draw up instructions for their representative to the General Court to follow, and regulating their actions and votes on particular subjects of general interest, and not infrequently the representative was called upon in open town-meeting to explain his votes, while the extreme leaders of rebellion against Great Britain were fulminating their action in Boston, sending letters and broadsides into every town. The Stamp Act, the Tea Party and the Boston Massacre do not seem to have created a very marked ruffle in the town-meetings of Weston ; in fact, they are not mentioned on the town records. It required the march of the British regulars on Lexing- ton and Concord to arouse the sleeping lion, who, when once thoroughly aroused, as became the case on the ever memorable 19th of April, 1775, never again drew in his claws until every vestige of British and royal dominion had been torn from the soil. A few days previous to the battle of Concord, Sergeant How, of the British Army, in Boston, was sent as a spy through the western part of Middlesex to discover the best means for a force to reach Worcester, there to destroy the provisions and ammunition which were stored at that place. This spy, whose journal is still in existence, met with his first mishap in Weston, when he was spotted as a spy, and his movements reported by the Liberty men of the town throughout his journey. The Weston men so thoroughly aroused the towns through which How traveled to Worcester and Con- cord, that it caused him to make a report to General Gage that to go to Worcester and back, not a man he would send there would come back alive. It was this report of How, that caused General Gage to make the attack on Concord instead of Worcester. On the morning of the 19th of April, 1775, on the alarm that the "British were coming," the inhab- itants of Weston gathered to the number of one hundred at the house of Captain Samuel Lamson ; among them the Rev. Samuel Woodward, who after offering a prayer, took a musket and fell into the ranks with the company. The list of these men who marched from Weston for the defence of the Colony

against the ministerial forces, will be found in Lex- ington Alarm, vol. xii. p. 170.

Captaio, Samuel Lamson ; Lientenants, Jolin Fiske, Matthew Hobbs ; Sergeants, Jostah Steadman, Josiah Severn, Joho Wright, Abraham Ilews ; Corporals, Abijah Steadman, Simon Smith ; Drummer, S. muel Nutting ; Privates, Nathan Hager, Jonathan Stratton, Isaac Bullard, John Allen, Jr., John Warren, Jr., Jonathan Warrey, William Hobert, Micah Warren, John Frost, Abijah Warren, Isaac Flagg, Isaac Walker, Isaac Cory, James Jones, Amos Jones, David Sanderson, Abraham Harrington, John Walker, Jr., Samuel Underwood, Eben Brackett, Oliver Curtis, Josiah Corey, Reuben Hobbs, Thomas Rand, Thomas Rand, Jr., Benjamin Dudley, William Lawrence, Nathl. Parkhurst, Samuel Fiske, Elias Bigelow, Wm. Whitney, Abraham Sanderson, Ben- jamin Rand, Benjamin Pierce, David Fuller, Saml. Child, David Liver- more, Jonas Harrington (3d), Jacob Parmenter, Thomas Corey, Roger Bigelow, Elijah Kingsbury, Jonas Underwood, Converse Bigelow, Wil- liam Pierce, John Stimpson, Thomas Williams, Increase Leadbetter, Elisha Stratton, Isaac Hobbs, Benjamin Bancroft, Daniel Twitchel, William Bond, Jr., John Flint, John Norcross, William Carey, John Bemis, Daniel 'Lawrence, Jedh. Demis, Lemuel Stimpson, Samuel Train, Jr., Josiah Allen, Jr., Daniel Benjamin, Joseph Whitney, Josh . Steadman, Jonas Pierce, Nathl. Boynton, Eben Phillips, Jedh. Wheeler' Benjamin Pierce, Jr., John Pierce, William Jones, John Gould, John Lainson, Soln. Joces, Phineas Ilager, Paul Coolidge, Samuel Taylor, Josh, Lovewell, Peter Cary, Thadus. Fuller, Joseph Pierce, Saml. Wood- ward, Elijah Allen, Hozekh. Wyman, Ebear. Steadman, William Bond, Joel Smith, Josephi Jennison, Moses Pierce, Daniel Bemis, Daniel Strat- ton, Amos Parkhurst.

The Weston company did not reach Concord ; they struck the retreating British at Lincoln and followed them.to Charlestown, and were on this duty for three days.

The Weston artillery company also marched to Concord on that day under command of Captain Israel Whitemore,-

Captain, Israel Whitemoro; Lieutenants, Josiah Bigelow, Jobo George ; Privates John Whitehead, John Pownell, Nathan Weston, Joseph Russell, Nathan Smith, John Flagg Jonathan Lawrence, James Smith, Jr., Thaddeus Garfield, Alpheus Bigelow, Thomas Russell.

This company received for their services £5 17s. 2d. 3f.

At a town-meeting held on the 25th of May, 1775, Colonel Braddyll Smith was chosen to represent the town at a Provincial Congress, to be held in Water- town on May 31st, to deliberate, consult and resolve upon such further measures as under God shall be effectual to save this people from ruin. The whole warlike stores iu Massachusetts on April 14, 1775, were a little over half a pound of powder to a man,-

Fire-arms, 21,549 ; pounds of powder, 17,441 ; pounds of ball, 22,191 ; number of flints, 144,699; number of bayonets, 10,108 ; number of pouches, 11,979.

In town meeting held June 18, 1776, it was voted to intrust their Representative to use his influence for the independence of Great Britain, if the honorable Congress thinks it best for the interests of the Colony, and also that their Representative should not be paid out of the public chest, which is still in the hands of the Royal Governor, and that he be allowed four shillings a day for 137 days' services out of the town rates, General Washington, having decided to fortify Dorchester Heights, the Third Middlesex Regiment was ordered, on March 4th, to occupy the Heights. This old regiment was at that time commanded by Eleazer Brooks, of Lincoln; Nathan Barrett, of

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Concord, was lieutenant-colonel and Samuel Lam- son, of Weston, was major. The names of the Wes- ton company were as follows (State Records, vol. xix. p. 88):

Captain, Jonathan Fiske; Sergeants, Samuel Fiske, Josiah Seaverns ; Corporals, Abijah Steadman, Simon Smith ; Fifer, Abijah Seaverns; Privates, Isaac Cory, William Bond, Benjamin Dudley, Isaac Walker, Uriah Gregory, Solomon Jones, Edward l'ierce, Nathan Hager: Jona- than Stratton, Jr., Isac Flagg, Ebenezer Steadman, Nathaniel Howard, Joshina Pierce, Thaddeus Fuller, Abraham llarrington, James Cogswell, Joshua Cogswell, Joshua Jennison, John Allen, Jr., James Hastings, Joseph Steadman, John Warren, Jr., Michael Warren, Jonathan War- ren, Thomas Russell, Jr., Benjamin Stimpson, David Steadman. Benja- min Pierce, Jr., Reuben Hobbs, Silas Livermore, Samuel Woodward, Benjamin Rand, John Wright, John Stimpson, Lemuel Stimpson, John l'ierce, Thomas Williams, Abel Flint, Jolin Hager, William Hobbs, Thomas Rand, Jr., Jonas Underwood, Joseph Russell. ,

The company traveled twenty-eight miles, and served five days. It is to be regretted that the town records do not give the organizations, companies and regiments to which the Weston men who fought in the Revolution were assigned. We have the pay- ments made to all who served in the war, and men- tion is made of some of the campaigns in which they took part, but nothing very definite.

At a town-meeting July 1, 1776, it was voted to give £6 6s. Sd. to each man, in addition to the bounty granted by the General Court to those men that are to go to Canada. The Weston men who went to Canada at this time are as follows :

Converse Bigelow, John Warren, Jr., Samuel Train, Matthew Hobbs, John Hager, Lemnel Stimpson, James Cogswell, Benjamin Band, Samuel Danforth, William llelms, P. Coolidge, John Baldwin, Benja- min Bancroft, Daniel Sanderson, Reuben Hobbs, Elias Bigelow, Thomas Russell, Jr., John Stimpson.

Nearly all the above were members of the Wes- ton company. The Weston men who were in Cap- tain Asabet Wheeler's company, Colonel John Rob- inson's regiment, in 1776, at the siege of Boston, and stationed at Cambridge, were :

Josialı Cary, Roger Bigelow, Paul Coolidge, Converso Bigelow, Na- thaniel Parkhurst, Oliver Curtis, Phineas Hager, Lemnel Jones, Na- thaniel Bemis, Elias Bigelow, Daniel Benjamin, Daniel Livermore, Thomas Bigelow, A. Faulkner.j

The three months' men at Cambridge received £346 11s. 2d,-

Edward Cabot, Joseph Coburn, Isaac Gregory, Isaac Peirco, Artimus Cox, Daniel Beviis, John Bemis, Joseph Mastick, Peter Cary, Simeon J'ike, Keene Robinson, Daniel Rand, Thomas Harrington.

The five months' men at Cambridge were paid £200 18s. 0d .-

Philemon Warren, Joseph Stone, John Hager, George Farrer, Nathan Ilager, Jedediah Warren, Nathan Fiske, Henry Bond, Josiah Jennison.

The Weston men who guarded the beacon on San- derson's Hill, in Weston, were as follows ; they were paid £127 88. 0d .-

Jonas Sanderson, Nathaniel Fetch, Joel Harrington, Nathaniel P'ar- menter, Thaddeus Pierce, Daniel Raud.

This beacon is spoken of in General Sullivan's " Memoirs " as the connecting link of signals between the army at Cambridge and Sullivan's command in Rhode Island. The nine months' men from Weston

were paid £900 as bounty-money ; their names are as follows :

Keen Robinson, Jeduthen Bemis, Joseph Mastick, James Bemis, Samnel Bailey, Daniel Davis, Peter Cary.

. There were eight Weston men in Captain Jesse Wyman's company, Colonel Josiah Whiting's regi- ment, serving in Rhode Island. They were discharged at Point Judith,-

Oliver Curtis, Joseph Mastick, Buckley Adams, Joseph Stone, George Farrer, Amos Hosmer, Josiah Parks, Eleazer Parks.

A draft was ordered by Colonel Brooks, of the Third Middlesex Regiment, of one sixth of Captain Fiske's company, under date of August 18, 1777, as follows (S. R. vol. hiii. p. 192) :

William HIobhs, Samuel Nutting, Silas Livermore, Alpheus Bigelow, Nathan Warren, Daniel Benjamin, Joel Harrington, Isaac Jones, Jr., Phineas Hager, Phineas Upbam, Isaac Flagg, Thomas Hill, William Bond, Amos Harrington, Isaac Harrington, Jr., John Allen, Jr., Jedu- then Bemis, Daniel Weston.

At the defeat of Washington at Brooklyn, New York, his army eame near being broken up in eonse- qnenee of short-term enlistments, and he appealed to Congress to organize an efficient army. As an in- dueement to enlist for the term of the war, Congress offered a bounty of £20 at the time of muster, and the following grants of land: To a colonel, 500 acres ; to a major, 400 aeres : to a captain, 300 acres ; to a lieutenant, 200 aeres, and 100 acres to privates. Massachusetts passed a resolve requiring eaeb town to furnish every seventh man of sixteen years of age, excepting Quakers. Under this order Weston qnota was eighteen men. The town borrowed money of the town people to pay these men to the amount of £69 5s. 6d .; the full amount borrowed for the use of the town from 1778 to 1779 was £4281 5s. 0d.

The town debt at this time was £3965 9s. 11d. The army of General Burgoyne, which surrendered at Sar- atoga in October, was marched to Winter Hill, Som- erville, in two divisions. One wing, under General Briekett, was marched over the Framingham Turn- pike through Newton ; the other wing, under General Glover, passed over the main road of Weston to the same destination. Drafts were frequently made on the Weston Company to guard these prisoners at Winter Hill, being relieved from time to time.

October 3, 1778, Colonel Brooks, of the Third Mid- dlesex Regiment, was made brigadier-general and was succeeded in command of the 'regiment by Nathan Barrett, of Concord. At a town-meeting in May, 1779, it was voted that £3000 be devoted to the support of the war.

Voted to choose a committee to put in force the subject of domestic trade which had been considered at the convention in Concord: the scarcity of money, the high rates the town was obliged to pay for monsy to support the war, and the unreasonable prices charged for all produce of daily consumption. The convention fixed a scale of prices for goods and . merchandise, for farm produce and wages. Weston

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HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.

put in immediate force this regulation, and it was ordered that the names of those persons who did not comply with the rules be published. The currency of that date in depreciated money was about twenty shillings paper to one shilling in silver. This brought the price of tea to $1.33 per pound, and wages in summer at fifty-eight cents. West India rum at £6 9s. per gallon. New England rum £4 16s. per gallon ; coffee, eighteen shillings per pound ; mo- lasses £4 15s. per gallon ; brown sugar, ten to fourteen shillings per pound ; salt, £10 8s. per pound ; beef, five shillings per pound ; butter, twelve shillings per pound ; cheese, six shillings per pound ; men's shoes, £6 per pair ; women's the same. Flip per mug, fif- teen shillings ; toddy in proportion. Extra good din- ner, £1; common, twelve shillings. Best supper and breakfast, fifteen shillings; common, twelve shillings. Horse-keeping twenty-four hours on hay, fifteen shil- lings; on grass, ten shillings. The greater part of the men hired after this date to serve in the Conti- nental Army were hired by the town, strangers to the town. The new Constitution was voted yeas fifty- four, nays twenty, with the proviso that it should be revised within ten years.

In 1780 the Weston Company of the Third Middle- sex Regiment enlisted for three years or the war, and were commanded by Captain Matthew Hobbs, the two Livermore brothers heing the lieutenants. This company took part in the campaigns along the wes- tern and northern borders of New York, and were discharged at Newburgh on the Hudson in 1783. Captain Hobbs died in 1817.

At a town-meeting on December 27, 1780, it was voted to grant money to purchase Weston's quota of beef for Washington's army-7930 cwt. It was also voted to raise £50,000 for the support of the war. It had now become difficult to find men willing to enlist and equally difficult to hire men. The cur- rency had so far depreciated as to have become almost worthless, and loans of money on any terms ex- tremely difficult. The times were hard and the necessaries of life exhausted. The year closed in gloom. It is to be regretted that we have no record of the men from Weston who were killed or who died in the Army of the Revolution. The Rev. Mr. Woodward gives the names of only two, Daniel and Elisha Whitehead. In 1781 took place the sale of the estates in Weston of conspirators and Tory ah- sentees. Seven lots were sold in the town. The bill relating to the sale of all such estates throughout Massachusetts was proposed and passed in the Legis- lature in 1780 by the action of the. Representative from Weston. At the time of the Shays' Rebellion the State debt was enormous, and the people were saddled with taxes beyond endurance-farmers espe- cially felt the burden, and many were sold out of their farms on account of not being able to pay their taxes and personal debts ; discontent was universal. Massachusetts' proportion of the Federal debt was

about £1,500,000, private debts were computed at £1,300,000 and £250,000 was due to the old soldiers. Dr. Samuel A. Green estimates from 1784 to 1786 every fourth if not every third man in the State was subjected to one or more executions for debt. In 1784 there were 2000 actions pending at the Worces- ter Court, and in 1785 over 1700 more. Executions could be satisfied by cattle and other means besides money, thus placing the creditors at the mercy of the debtors. The militia of the State had become of very little account since the peace, and what there was of it could not be depended upon at the Shays' crisis, and Governor Bowdoin enlisted 4400 troops and two companies of artillery for thirty days; £6000 was raised in Boston by subscription and General Lincoln placed in command. Weston refused to offer any bounty to the men who enlisted. It was at this period that independent companies were organized; among these was the Weston Company of Light Infantry, its formation encouraged by Colonel Samuel Lamson who was at the time colonel of the Third Middlesex Regiment. This company received its arms from the Harvard College Company, which organization dates back to the year 1770. The Weston Light Infantry continued to hold its charter until the 13th of May, 1831, when it was disbanded for insubordination at the muster at Watertown. The names of its several commanders were as follows :

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History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. I, Part 137

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton), ed Publication date: 1890 Publisher: Philadelphia, J. W. Lewis & co Number of Pages: 1034

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton), ed
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Philadelphia, J. W. Lewis & co
Number of Pages: 1034