History of Plymouth county, Massachusetts, with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Part 96

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton)
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, J.W. Lewis & co.
Number of Pages: 1706

USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > History of Plymouth county, Massachusetts, with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 96

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CHAPTER III.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

To present the full, as well as minute and true, story of ecclesiastical affairs in what is now the town- ship of Carver requires that we go back not only to that period of time when Carver was a part of the town of Plympton, but also to that still earlier and

Nathaniel S. Cushing.

Charles W. Griffith. Andrew Griffith.

452

HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY.

more remote date when Plympton was a part of the town of Plymouth, when, as early as 1698, the Rev. Isaac Cushman, a son of the venerable Elder Cush- man, of the Plymouth Church, had gathered a relig- ious congregation that was organized as a church, over which the Rev. Isaac Cushman was ordained as pastor.

About three years earlier that part of the old town- ship of Plymouth that subsequently became Plymp- ton, including the present town of Carver, was, by legislative enactment, incorporated as a preeinct " for the setting up of the worship of God and support of a learned and orthodox ministry," soon followed by the commencement of the ministerial labors of Rev. Isaac Cushman, whose preaching was indeed the voiee of one crying in a wilderness. Rev. Isaac Cushman remained with this flock, of which he had been made the spiritual leader and shepherd, until his death, that oceurred Oet. 21, 1732, he then being in the eighty-fourth year of his age, and the smiting by death of the shepherd doubtless had an influence to divide, if not to scatter, the floek, as another church was soon after formed, consisting mainly, if not entirely, of communicants residing in what was then the southerly part of Plympton, but now the township of Carver

Of that second church in Plympton, Rev. Othniel Campbell, a native of Bridgewater, and a graduate of Harvard College, was, in 1734, ordained pastor, and for the greater convenience of rendering a proper sup- port of the gospel in that part of the town wherein the new church was gathered, legislative action was asked for in incorporating a precinct, and responded to as follows :

"Nov. 15, 1732, Symonds Epes, Esq., brought down the Pe- tition of Jonathan Shaw, John Doten, and others of the Southerly part of Plympton, praying for a Precinct, as entered the 29th of June last, and referred, with the Report of the Com- mittee of both Houses thereon. Passd in Council, viz. In Council, Novemh. 8th, 1732.

" Read and Orderd That this Report be accepted, and that the Petitioners, with their Families and Estates, be set off a Separate Precinct by the following boundaries, Viz. : beginning at the Line of Plymouth or Kingston, where a West Line from thence will strike the head of Annesnappet Brook, and thence in a straight Line to the North side of the Land of Jacob Eddy, where he now dwells, and from thence, in the same range, to the Line of Middleborough, and so home to Rochester, and that the Inhabitants of the said Precinct be vested with all the Powers, Priviledges, and Immunities that other Precincts within this Province do or hy Law ought to enjoy.

" Sent down for Concurrence.

" Read and Concurd with the Amendments, viz. : Provided that Edmund Tilson and the other Petitioners with him, viz. : Elisha Wyton, Eleazer Cushman, Eleazer Rickard, and Eph- raim Tilson, be and remain in the old Precinct, according to their Petition, till the further Order of this Conrt, and also that

the Ministerial Lands belonging to the said old Precinct shall still Solely remain to them, and the new Precinct to have none of the Issues or Profits thereof.

"Sent up for Concurrence."

Of that body of thus organized worshipers, then the Second Church and Second Precinct of Plympton, but afterward the First Church and First Precinct of Carver, the succession of pastors were as follows: Othniel Campbell, from 1734-43; John Howland, from 1746-1804; John Shaw, from 1807-15; Luther Wright, from 1821-25; Plummer Chase, from 1828-35 ; Paul Jewett, from 1836-39; Jona- than King, from 1839-46; Ebenezer Gay, from 1846-51; Stillman Pratt, from 1851-54; William C. Whitcomb, Henry L. Chase.

This body of worshipers ereeted a church edifice in the northerly part of the precinct incorporated in 1732, as at that date probably most of the inhabitants of that precinct were settled in the northerly part thereof, but a few years later, when the southern part became more largely populated, a demand was made that the house or place of worship should be removed to the geographical eentre of the parish, which being refused, a part withdrew and erected what eame to be known as the South Church.

The proceedings of the body who erccted the South Church formed an official record as follows:

" PLYMPTON, July ye 21, 1772.

" We, The Subscribers, Being met together, Do agree to Build a Meeting House, and For to sett Sd House on the hill to the North of Mr. Peleg Barrows House for to Stand on the Rode that leads from Rochester to Plimouth, at the same time we, the subscribers, do chose a Committee of Five Persons to overece and carry on the Building sd House, which are as fol- loweth :

" Joshua Benson, John Shaw, Bartlett Murdock, Benjamin Ward, Joseph Barrows."

" Subscribers Names and sums.

" Barnabas Atwood

Peleg Barrows ..

Joshua Benson .. 13 6

Bartlett Murdock

Obediah Lyon

Francis Sturtevant

Salathiel Bumpus.

Joseph Barrows

10 13 4

John Bridgham

13 6 Seth Barrows

0 S

John Muxom.

Joseph Atwood

6 13

William Washburn

4 0

Peleg Barrows, Jr. 6 13

Bartlett Murdock, Jr.

6 13

Elkanah Lucas.

3 6

Jonathan Barrows

6 13

Simmons Barrows.

Elathan Benson.

Edmund Muxom.

1 6

Jabez Muxom.

.1 0

John Shaw, Jr.

James Murdock. 6 13

Benjamin Ward. 6

Samuel Lucas, Jr

13 6

453

HISTORY OF CARVER.

€.

Benjamin Barrows

Gideon Perkins, 3 Days work.

William Morrison

Ephraim Griffeth

Samuel Atwood ...

13 1

Joshua Benson, Jr

" Noremher ye 18, A.D. 1772.

"By a meeting of the Subscribers we did then, at Mr. Peleg Barrows, agree how large to build sd House, Namely, 42 By 37."

"November ye 23, A.D. 1772.

"Voted to give the Carpenters for Gitting Timher for sd House three Shillings three Farthings pr Day."

" Voted to give the Narrow ax men two Shillings & four pence three Farthings pr Day."

"Voted to give for oake Timber Five Shillings and fore pence pr Tun."

"Voted to give for Teamin Six Shillings and Eight pence pr Day."

" Voted to give for merchantahle Boards one Pound Seven- teen Shillings & fore pence."

" Voted to give for Intch & Quarter Boards two pound Six Shillings and Eight pence."

" Feh. ye 1, A.D. 1773.

" Voted for Benjamin Ward to set up sd Meeting-House and Finish the out side."

" June 21, A.D. 1773.

"Voted to Build sd House by the Pews For them men that Subscribed to have credit Toward their Pews if they Please to have any."

"Voted to Chose 50 men to Raise sd Meeting-House & to Provide for sd men a good Dinner and Drinks Sufficient for them."

" Voted to give Spectators that come to Raising sd House Licker Sufficient for them."

" Voted to Git two Barrells of Rnm for Raising sd House."

"Voted to Raise sd meeting-House as soon as it is Framed." " Octohr ye 12, A.D. 1774.

" Chose Mr. John Bridgham Vandue Master for to Vandue sd Pews in sd meeting-House."

" Voted if the sd Pews sell for more than sd House shall cost when it is Done for to Reduct out of Each Pew, Eaqnally, in Proportion, according to the Valley of them, and, Likewise, if Ed House cost more than the Pews sell for to ad on to sd Pews the snms Equal Proportion."

€

Pew No. 1. Sold to Mr. Peleg Barrows for. 27

2. Mr. John Muxom for. 13

3. Mr. Joseph Barrows for .. 16 0 0

4. Joshna Benson, Jr., for

16 0

66 Francis Sturtevant for 16 10

18 6. Mr. John Shaw for 0

"New Pew Sold to John Bent.

" Voted to Paint the Pulpit Mahogany Colour, Breastwork White.

" Pews White, Tops Mahogany.

" Posts, Braces, & Window-Cases, White.

" Gallery Pews tops only painted."

June 6, 1825, " Voted to alter the pulpit and repair flore.

"Voted that Lt. J. Murdock Shall Keep the Kee of sd Honse Sweep it and put in the Glass, and have the use of the Minis- ter's pew for his Trouble."

April 16, 1840, " Voted to repair the roof hy shingling the front-side and patching the back-side, repair the Glass, Floors, and such other repairs as the Committee think necessary."

The two religious assemblies, already noticed, were I considered to be of the order denominated " Trini-

" Voted, for Mr. Peleg Barrows to take care of the Meeting- house for one year to open and ehnt the Doors and Sweep sd house for two Dollars."

"CARVER, May ye 17, A. Domne 1792.

"Voted, to Finish the meeting-House as soone as the Pews that we Sell will Do it."

"Sot up the Pew No. 14 on the Lower Floor to be Vandued, & it was Bid of by Joseph Ellis & Elisha Murdock In partner- ship For Eleven pounds Six Shillings."

"Sot up the Pew No. 4. It was Bid of hy Levt Ichabod Benson For nine Pounds five Shillings."

"Sot up the half Pew No. 19 on the Lower Floor, and it was Struck of to Bartlett Murdock For Fore Pounds."

"Sot up a Pew in the Gallery, No. 1. It struck to Levt John Shaw for fore Pounds."

Meetings of the proprietors continued to be held for several years, and votes passed to build additional pews, that were sold to raise funds to finish the house, and at a meeting in January, 1820,

"Voted, to give up this meeting-house, and Build one in the Centre of the Town, providing the North End of the town will Join in Building sd house."

Nov. 22, 1823. "Voted, to Rase three hundred Dollars to Repair the meeting-house."

April 6, 1824. "Voted, to Repair the outside of the meet- ing-house ;" and that "the Assessors should prise the pews and make the taxes in four weeks from this Date."

May 17, 1824. "Voted, that the Commity Lay out the money that is assessed."

Aug. 24, 1824. "Voted, to Raise one Hundred Dollars, in addition to the ahove money Raised, to make out the Repairs of the Meeting-House."

Dec. 20, 1824. "Voted, to plaster and under-pin the meet- ing-house."

Jan. 10, 1825. " Voted, to Paint the inside of the Meeting- House."

"Voted, to build 5 new Pews, one at the place where the east door entered and 4 in front of the front Pews."

The records contain the following concerning the new underpinning :

" Underpining Joh. The Front & West end to he under- pined with hewn stone 12 Inches deep."

" Upper Front Door-Step to he thirty Inches wide and Inches thick, in Length to extend to the outside of the Door- Cases, Under Step, same length, four inches thick, fifteen inches wide.

" West door-step, Top Stone, twenty-four Inches wide, under step, fifteen Inches wide four Inches thick."

April 5, 1825, "Voted to Sell the New Pew where the East Door Stood, together with all the Boards, Nails, etc., remaining on hand.

13. 66

Mr. James Murdock for

24 13

15.

66 Mr. Elkanah Lucas for 15 12

16.

18.

66 Mr. Bartlett Murdock for.

19.

17 66 Mr. Chediah Lyon for. 6

20.

16 Mr. Joshua Benson for

24 18 8

21.

Mr. Simmons Barrows for. 8 14 8

22.

66 Mr. Peleg Barrows for. 8 13

Mr. Samnel Lucas for. 8 13

" PLIMPTON, March ye 23, 1779.

Mr. Benjamin Ward for. 14 18 8

9. 10.

Mr. William Morrison for .. 14 13 4 8

Salathiel Bumpus for. 6 7

12.

Joseph Atwood for. 2 8

13 Mr. Seth Barrows for. 6

17.

66 Mr. Bartlett Murdock for 6 17

0 8

8. Mr. Bartlett Murdock for.

21 6

11.

14.

Mr. John Bridgham for. 27 6

454

HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY.

tarian Congregationalists," although the mecting-house of the Second Church and society appears to have been occupied by the " Calvinistic Baptists" much of the time for many years.

Calvinistic Baptist Church .- Among the earliest Dissenting ministers, who were sometimes termed "New Lights," that visited and preached in that see- tion of the country now Carver was Richard Lee, who, in 1782, was by a mob foreibly taken from a religious meeting in Hingham, shamefully abused, clothes torn, carried out of that town, and life threatened should he ever return. And, obedient to the command, if persecuted in one eity flee to another, so that which the people of Hingham were not then in a condition to receive was dispensed to the inhabitants of Carver by Richard Lee, while fleeing from a dragon persecu- tion, and some of those converts to the doetrines he taught subsequently became Baptists.

The first Baptist minister who preached in Carver was Rev. Abraham Cummings, whose labors here were brief, and the principles of this denomination appear to have been of slow growth, for it was not until July 13, 1791, that a Baptist Church was formed that at first consisted of only twelve members.

Of this Baptist Church Rev. John Tripp was, on the 28th of September, 1791, ordained pastor, and upon the 3d of October, in that year, Rowland Ham- mond and B. Bryant were chosen deacons.

In 1793 came a "revival," from the effects of which the membership of this church was increased to fifty-two persons.

Rev. Mr. Tripp remained as pastor until 1799, when he was dismissed to become the pastor of a church in Hebron, Me. He sustained the reputation of being a man of talents, piety, and devotion, and was greatly beloved by his people. In 1802, Jacob Shaw was chosen deaeon.

In 1804, Ezra Kendall temporarily supplied the pulpit with unusually fruitful results, as twenty-four were added by baptisur to the church, and in June, 1806, David Bursell was ordained pastor, and he eon- tinued as such until 1810. During his ministrations (viz., in 1808) Joseph Robbins was made deacon.

One of the articles of this church's faith was that " No foree or compulsion is to be used in moving any" to the support of the ministry, and to relieve themselves from taxes assessed upon them by the Congregationalists this Baptist society, in 1811, ob- tained from the State Legislature an aet of incorpora- tion. , March 1, 1820, Ebenezer Shurtleff was elected deaeon.

In 1823 this ehureh and society (that had long worshiped in the South meeting-house) united their

efforts with some members of the Congregational so- eiety and erected the Centre Church, that was oeeu- pied by both denominations, sometimes together and sometimes separately.

Samuel Glover preached to this Baptist Church in years 1838 and 1839, and at the last date Ebenezer Atwood was chosen deacon.

Rev. John B. Parris was ordained pastor in 1848, but remained only one year. He was a native of that part of Middleboro' now Lakeville, and resides in Westport, having given up preaching and engaged in medical practice.

Ephraim Dunham chosen deacon in 1850, and this year and the next Caleb Benson prcached half of the time.

In 1852 or 1853, J. M. Maee became their pastor, which office he retained three years, during which time twenty persons were added to the church.

For a time the pulpit was not regularly supplied, after which Rev. William Leach became the pastor.

Mr. Lot Shurtleff, formerly of Carver, in his " last will and testament," bequeathed to this Baptist Church the sum of five thousand dollars, to be made a fund for the support of a preached gospel.

The Central Church .- In 1823 was commenced the building of a church edifice at or near the geo- graphieal centre of the town, which enterprise was undertaken by the united efforts of Congregationalists and Baptists, with the understanding that when com- pleted each denomination should oceupy it for public religious worship one-half of the time, which for a while was practiced, but in a few years the Baptists came to use the church edifice three-fourths, and finally nearly or quite all the time. This place of public worship was deemed an elegant structure at the date of its erection, some of the best mechanics of that time being employed in the labor of building, which was prolonged into the next year after that of its commencement.

The Methodist Church .- May 1, 1831, a class was formed in Carver, with Charles Rider as class- leader, and not long after Charles Rider, Thomas Maxim, Jr., Sumner Atwood, Sullivan Gammons, Anna Rider, Mary Atwood, Susanah S. Maxim, Pa- tience Maxim, Sylvia Shurtleff, and Alice Bumpus were embodied as a " Reformed Methodist" Church.

Their meeting-house was commenced in May, 1843, and dedicated in the month of October of the next year, the sermon ou that occasion being deliv- ered by Rev. William Tozer

The pulpit has been occupied by the following ministers : L. D. Johnson, Nathan Clark, Presbury Clark, Pliny Brett, William Tozer, John MeLeish,

S B E T

(

455

HISTORY OF CARVER.

T. M. Hall, S. Y. Wallace, Joseph Eldridge, R. H. Dorr, and Elijah W. Barrows.

This church, as early as about the year 1836, took to itself the name of " Protestant Methodists." and it so continued until about 1866, or a period of some thirty years, since which the preachers have been supplied by the " Episcopal Methodist" Conference in the persons of the following-named clergymen : Charles Carter. - Tirrell. E. M. Dunham, E. Williams, A. B. Bessee, W. J. Ward, H. W. Hamb- lin. J. B. Hamblin. Jr., Charles Smith, and Ephraim Hunt. the present pastor. This church now numbers fifty-two members.

The Advent Church .- Meetings by the people of this faith were held in Carver from about the year 1844, but no church formed until Nov. 4, 1870, when a church organization was effected. that took upon itself the name of the " Advent Christian Church." The following are the names of its first or earliest members: Levi Ransom, Eliel Benson, Winslow Pratt, William Eunis Hatheway, Atwood Shaw. James Breach, Lucy Ransom, Louisa Ransom, Betsey S. Hammond, Lncy P. Hathaway, Lucinda E. Morse, Sarah A. Hammond. Chloc Shaw, Abby T. Wade, Eunice Vaughan, Sally D. Dunham, and Lucy Chace.

The pastors have been William Ennis Hatheway, J. J. Leslie. J. R. Boynton, W. F. Smith, and C. W. Sweet, who now supplies the pulpit.

The church now numbers about fifty members, and has a comfortable and convenient chapel at North Carver, Sunday services being quite fully attended.

The Union Society .- This religious body erected a church edifice, concerning the construction of which its records contain the following :

"Commenced Stone Work for new church Monday, 15th Angust, 1854. hy Seth S. Maxim, of Carver, by whom it was executed and completed.

" Commenced Framing new church Monday, 21st Aug., 1854. " Raised the frame of new church, 14th Sept., 1854, and the carpenter's work was finished Jan. 15, 1855.

"The church was all completed, ready for occupation and delivery to the proprietors on the 12th day of May, 1855.

"On Friday, the 20th day of July, 1855, a Bell weighing 1175 lbs. cast by H. Wiltorpe & Co., Boston, was put in the church Tower, and a Church Bell was for the first time sounded or rung in the Town of Carver since its organization, and the only one at present in the Town; also a Reed Organ was placed in the Organ Gallery. The above Bell and Organ were presented to the church by Jesse Murdock, Esq., and William Savery, Esq.

" Saturday, July 28th, 1855, According to arrangements made by the Committee, the Church was Dedicated to the Public Worship of God, services as follows :

" 1. Voluntary by the Choir.

"2. Reading of the Scriptures by Prof. J. W. P. Jenks, of Peirce Academy, Middleborongh, Baptist.

3. Introductory Prayer by Rev. Nathaniel Coggswell, of North Carver, Orthodox

" 4. Sermon by Rev. A. A. Miner, of Boston, Universalist.

"5. Consecrating Prayer by Rev. Isaac Kendall, D.D., of Plymouth, Unitarian.

"6. Address to Society & Benediction, Rev. W~ Tozer, South Carver, Methodist.

" The day was fine and a larger number of people present Than the Church could contain, and every thing passed off har- moniously and pleasantly and to universal satisfaction.

" On the following Sabbath, Rev. Hosea Ballou, D.D., of Somerville, officiated A.M. & P.M.

" Saturday, P.M., August 4th, 1855.

" Met agreeably to notice.

" On motion of S. F. Jenkins, it was seconded and carried that this Society be known and distinguished as the Union Society of South Carver."

The pulpit was occupied during the season between the date of dedication and the last of November, 1855, as follows : July 29th, Rev. Hosea Ballou, Universalist ; August 5th, Rev. William Spencer, Bap- tist ; August 12th, Rev. William Tozer, Methodist ; August 19th, Rev. Samuel Nott, Congregationalist ; August 26th, Rev. H. V. Dean, Methodist ; Septem- ber 2d, Rev. James Kendall, D.D., Unitarian ; Sep- tember 9th, Rev. R. Tomlinson, Universalist ; Sep- tember 16th, Rev. William Tozer, Methodist ; Sep- tember 23d, John W. P. Jenks, Baptist ; September 30th, - Vose, Universalist ; October 7th, Rev.

William Tozer, Methodist; October 14th, Rev. - - Nott, Episcopalian ; October 21st, Rev. N. Coggswell, Congregationalist ; October 28th, Rev. - - Gilbert, Congregationalist ; November 4th, Rev. R. Tomlin- son, Universalist ; November 11th, Rev. - Rich- ards, Methodist ; November 18th, Rev. William Tozer, Methodist; November 25th, Rev. J. C. Ball, Unitarian.

The same liberality in religious sentiment by the foregoing shown to have been put in practice at the commencement has continued to characterize the conduct of this Union Society until the present time. Jesse Murdock, a valuable member, who died a few years since, left five thousand dollars, the interest of which to be appropriated to the support of public worship carried on here, and five thousand dollars more, the income of which to be devoted to improving the cemetery grounds.

CHAPTER IV.

EDUCATIONAL.

AT a town-meeting in Carver, held in the autumn of 1790, voted to appropriate thirty pounds for the support of schools, and also made choice of " Capt.

1 e

456

HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY.

Benjamin Crocker, Consider Chase, Samuel Lueas (3d), Capt. William Atwood, Mr. Benjamin White, and Mr. Caleb Atwood as a committee to Moddle the School Districts and to proportion the Money to each distriet, and provide a sehool in each district."

In Mareh, 1791, the town voted to raise forty pounds for the support of sehools, and in November of that year voted to divide the territory of the town into, or to provide for schools in, six districts. Forty pounds for the same purpose was voted in 1792, and fifty pounds in 1793.

At Mareh meeting in 1794, the appropriation was sixty pounds, and six sehool agents were chosen to proportion the money.

In 1795 the appropriation was only forty pounds, but the next year raised to sixty pounds, and thus it seems to have continued to and inelnding the year 1803.

In 1804 voted two hundred dollars for sehools, and this sum was probably the yearly appropriation until 1818, when the sum was inereased to two hundred and fifty dollars, and in 1834 to three hundred dollars.

In 1837 voted to receive this town's proportion of the " surplus revenue" money, and that it be put on interest and the ineome appropriated to the support of schools in addition to the present appropriation, but this was afterwards reconsidered. The appropria- tion was in 1838 inereased to three hundred and seventy-five dollars, in 1840 to four hundred dollars, in 1842 to four hundred and sixty dollars, and in 1845 to six hundred dollars.

The town in 1856 voted to appropriate eight hun- dred dollars for the support of schools, and in open town-meeting, Mareh 7, 1859, voted an appropriation of one thousand dollars for schools, at which time William Savery, Esq., proposed to make the gift of one hundred dollars per year toward the support of sehools to be kept in the town of Carver, which gift shall continue yearly to be made as long as the giver shall feel able and willing, and he to give to the town due notice of his intention to suspend further or longer provision, said sum of one hundred dollars each and every year to be placed in the hands of the school committee.

The town voted thus to aceept the gift and passed a vote of thanks to the giver, and it was determined upon that one-third of the school money should be divided upon the schools, and two-thirds upon the seholars, and the several school districts authorized each to choose its own school agent.

William Savery, Esq., showed his liberality and publie spirit on another oceasion in the generous gift of forty volumes to each sehool distriet in town, in

consideration of which testament the voters in open town-meeting passed the following: "Resolved that we cordially aceept of these libraries, and direet the superintending sehool committee that they see the same placed in the several sehool-houses, and that the design and wishes of the donor be fully earried out."

The appropriation for the support of sehools was in 1871 twelve hundred dollars, and in 1874 inereased to eighteen hundred dollars.

CHAPTER V.

INDUSTRIAL HISTORY.

AT a comparatively early date in its English settle- ment, and perhaps even before that settlement was begun, that traet of country now the township of Carver was found to abound with valuable ores, chief, and the most readily available, of which was that of iron.

This iron ore was found imbedded in the ground, so near the earth's surface that neither prolonged nor very arduous effort nor costly machinery were required in its proeurement, added to which the bottom of Sampson's Pond, so ealled, was found to teem with the erude metal, that could be had for the labor of seraping it together.

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History of Plymouth county, Massachusetts, with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Part 96

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton) Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Philadelphia, J.W. Lewis & co. Number of Pages: 1706

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton)
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, J.W. Lewis & co.
Number of Pages: 1706