USA > Massachusetts > History of the Military company of the Massachusetts, now called the Ancient and honorable artillery company of Massachusetts. 1637-1888, Vol. I > Part 13
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Hezekiah Usher (1638), of Cambridge, March 14, 1639, when he became a freeman, resided, in 1642, at the northeast corner of Dunster and Winthrop streets, Cambridge. About 1645, he removed to Boston, where his son John is recorded as dying in December, 1645. He was representative from Billerica from 1671 to 1673 inclusive, and died May 14, 1676. His tomb is in the chapel burial-ground, now the property of the Francis family.
Isaiah Thomas, in his History of Printing, Vol. II., p. 409, says, " Hezekiah Usher was the first bookseller in English America, of whom I can find any account." One of his daughters, perhaps Elizabeth, married Col. Samuel Shrimpton (1670), and another, Sarah, married Jonathan Tyng (1670). His son Hezekiah joined the Artillery Company in 1665, and another son, Col. John, in 1673. He was one of the founders, and a member, of the Old South Church, second sergeant of the Artillery Company in 1657, first sergeant in 1663, and its ensign in 1664. The inventory of his estate amounted
William Tyng (1638). AUTHORITIES: Sav- age's Gen. Dict .; Report of Rec. Com., Boston, 1634-1660; Josselyn's Voyages; New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1876; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist. of New Eng .; Hist. of Braintree.
Hezekiah Usher ( 1638). AUTHORITIES : New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1869; Mem. Hist. of Boston; Paige's Hist. of Cambridge; Sewall Papers, Vol. I., p. 104; Hill's Hist. of Old South Church; Thomas's Hist. of Printing.
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to more than fifteen thousand pounds. Capt. Hull (1660), in his contemporary diary, says, " 14th Mr. Hezekiah Usher [1638] died, a pious and useful merchant."
In the winter of 1657-8, Mr. Usher (1638) went to England as the agent of the commissioners of the united colonies, and bought, with money furnished by the London Corporation, a press, several fonts of type, and other printing materials. The new press was set up in 1659, and was given in charge of Samuel Green (1638), and in 1661 the New Testament in the Indian language was "finished, printed and set forth." Heze- kiah Usher (1638) was the agent of the society for propagating the gospel among the Indians.
He was much interested in town matters, held several subordinate positions, but was elected selectman in 1659, and was continued in that office eighteen years, until his decease. He lived on the north side of State Street, opposite the market-place, or old State House, having purchased a part of the estate which had formerly belonged to Rev. John Wilson, the first minister in Boston, brother-in-law of Capt. Robert Keayne (1637).
Feb. 10, 1676, Lancaster was laid in ashes by the Indians, and about fifty people killed or carried into captivity. Among the latter was Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, who, in a narrative of her captivity, which she afterwards published, says, "The twenty pounds, the price of my redemption, was raised by some Boston gentlewomen and Mr. Usher [1638], whose bounty and charity I would not forget to make mention of." Mrs. Rowlandson, after a captivity of eleven weeks and five days, arrived in Boston May 3, 1676.
Richard Waite (1638), of Boston, a tailor, joined the First Church Aug. 28, 1634, and became a freeman March 9, 1637. He served as a sergeant in the Pequot War, and for that service received a grant of three hundred acres of land. In November, 1637, for his adhesion to the party of Mrs. Hutchinson, he was compelled to surrender his arms to Capt. Robert Keayne (1637), and in January, 1639, was subjected to the censure of the church for " purloyning" a portion of buckskin leather to make gloves, and was " cast out." His next child, born in July following, was named Return (1662), possibly because the father returned loyally to the First Church. He was sheriff of the colony in 1653, and the next year was entrusted as a messenger to the Indians. The questions propounded or sent by the messengers, Sergt. Waite (1638) and Sergt. John Barrell (1643), together with the answers of the sachems thereto, are given in Drake's Book of the Indians of North America, Book II., p. 75, et seq. Again, in 1668, he bore a complaint to the Indians from the government of Massachusetts, which may be read on page 85 of the above-mentioned history. For this messenger service, they were allowed by the colony three shillings a day.
His will was proved in 1680.
Richard Walker (1638), of Lynn in 1630, became a freeman March 14, 1634. In the first-mentioned year, a military company was formed in Lynn, of which Richard Wright was appointed captain, Daniel Howe (1637) lieutenant, and Richard Walker (1638) ensign. The last named became a lieutenant in 1646, and a captain in 1652.
Richard Waite (1638). AUTHORITIES: New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1847, 1870, 1877; Report of Rec. Com., Boston, 1634-1660; Hurd's Hist. of
Middlesex Co., Vol. III .; New Eng. Magazine, January, 1886; Drake's Book of the Indians of North America.
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In Hurd's History of Essex County, Vol. I., p. 292, we are told the above-mentioned company " was provided with two iron cannon." In 1631, there was a report that some Indians intended an attack on Lynn, and Walker (1638), with a suitable number, was detailed for the night guard. He at one time, while on duty, had an arrow, shot froin among some bushes, pass through his coat and " buff waist-coat," and afterwards another arrow was shot through his clothes. It being quite dark, after a random discharge or two of their muskets, the guard retired. The next morning the cannon was brought up and discharged in the woods, and nothing more came of the attack. After that the people of Lynn suffered little or no molestation. It is of him that Edward Johnson (1637), of Woburn, speaks : -
"He fought the Eastern Indians there, Whose poisoned arrows filled the air, And two of which these savage foes Lodg'd safe in Captain Walker's clothes."
He was representative for Lynn in 1640, 1641, 1648, and 1649. He was blessed with a most vigorous constitution, for he lived until May 13, 1687, when he died at the age of ninety-five years.
John Whittingham (1638), of Ipswich in 1637, was a son of Baruch, and grandson of William Whittingham, the distinguished reformer in the English Church, who, having been exiled in the time of Mary, was recalled in the reign following, and rewarded with the deanery of Durham. It is said that the latter married a daughter of John Calvin. John Whittingham (1638) came from near Boston in Lincolnshire, England, and married Martha Hubbard, a sister of Rev. William, an early historian of New England. He was ensign of the train-band in Ipswich in 1644, and lieutenant in 1645. May 14, 1645, he was one of the petitioners to the General Court, with Mr. Bradstreet, Capt. Daniel Denison (1660), and others, for the formation of the Military Company of Ipswich, Newbury, Rowley, Salisbury, and Hampton. The petition was granted. He died in the early part of 1649. His will was proved March 27 of that year.
William Wilcox (1638), of Cambridge, was admitted to be a freeman May 25, 1636, and died in that town Nov. 28, 1653. He married Mary Powell, Jan. 22, 1650, and resided on the southerly side of Brattle Street, near Ash Street. He probably had no children, as none are mentioned in his will, and he devised his whole estate to his wife so long as she remained his widow; upon her death or marriage it was to be distributed, but not to any by the name of Wilcox.
Richard Walker (1638). AUTHORITIES: Savage's Gen. Dict .; New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1847, 1877; Lewis's Hist. of Lynn; Records of Mass. Bay.
"In 1631, Richard Walker of Lynn, as he was upon watch, about midnight, was shot at by an Indian, and the arrow passed through his clothes. He gave an alarm, and a small cannon called a culverin, was discharged, and nothing further was heard of an enemy." - Notes on Indian Wars in New England.
" [1687] May 16, Monday. ... this day Capt Walker, a very aged planter, buried at Lin." -- Sewall's Papers, Vol. 1., p. 177.
John Whittingham (1638). AUTHORITIES : Savage's Gen. Dict .; New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1848, 1851, 1857, 1873.
William Wilcox (1638). AUTHORITIES: Sav- age's Gen. Dict .; Paige's Hist. of Cambridge.
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John Winchester (1638), of Hingham in 1636, came to America the year before, in the ship " Elizabeth." He had a grant of land in Hingham in 1636, and was admitted to be a freeman March 9, 1637. He married, Oct. 15, 1638, Hannah Sealis, of Scituate. He took an active part in the military troubles in Hingham in 1644-5, for which he was fined, but was subsequently released therefrom. Soon after 1650 he moved to Muddy River, now called Brookline, and died there, April 25, 1694, aged seventy-eight years.
Edward Winship (1638), of Cambridge in 1635, became a freeman March 4 of that year. He was one of the most active and energetic citizens of that town for many years ; was commissioned by the General Court, May 26, 1647, ensign of the Cambridge company ; became lieutenant of the militia in 1660; selectman for fourteen years, between 1637 and 1684, and representative in 1663, 1664, and from 1681 to 1686,- in all, eight years. He died Dec. 2, 1688, aged seventy-five years. He bought, in 1638, an estate containing nearly three acres, at the easterly corner of Brattle and Mason streets, and extending through to the Common.
His daughter, Joanna, born Aug. 1, 1645, became greatly distinguished as a teacher of youth. The tombstone of this maiden school-mistress still stands in the ancient cemetery, bearing the following inscription : -
"Here lyes the body of Mrs Joanna Winship aged 62 years, who departed this life November the 19th, 1707.
"This good school dame No longer school must keep Which gives us cause For children's sake to weep."
Rev. John Wilson, who is believed to have preached the sermon before the Artillery Company in 1638, was born at Windsor, England, in 1588. His father was a clergyman, and his mother a niece of the Archbishop of Canterbury. He was educated at the University of Cambridge. Having been several times suspended, or silenced, for non-conformity, he came to New England in 1630, with John Winthrop, arriving at Salem on the twelfth day of June. He settled at Charlestown, where, with others, July 30, a church was formed. This was afterwards known as the First Church in Boston, to which place most of the members removed. Mr. Wilson was chosen teaching elder.
In 1631, he returned to England, but came back to America the next year. July 3, 1632, he took the freeman's oath. Nov. 22, 1632, he became pastor of the First Church, and held that relation until his decease, Aug. 7, 1667. He visited England again in 1634, and, returning, arrived in Boston Oct. 3, 1635, in company with Mrs. Wilson. During the Pequot War, he was appointed by lot to act as chaplain of the expedition.
Rev. Richard Mather preached the funeral sermon at the decease of Mr. Wilson, taking as his text, "Your fathers, where are they? and the prophets, do they live for ever? "
John Winchester (1638). AUTHORITIES : Hist. of Ilingham, by George Lincoln; Savage's Gen. Dict .; Records of Mass. Bay, Vol. III., p. So. Edward Winship (1638). AUTHORITIES : Paige's Hist. of Cambridge; Savage's Gen. Dict.
Rev. John Wilson. AUTHORITIES: Mather's Magnalia; Sprague's Annals of the American Pul- pit; Hist. of the First Church, Boston; Savage's Gen. Dict .; Eliot's Biog. Dict.
" 7th 6m 67. About two of ye clock in ye
Morning, my honoured Father, Mr John Wilson, Pastour to ye church of Boston, aged about 78 years & an half, a man eminent in Faith, love, humility, self-denyal, prayer, soundnes of minde, zeal for God, liberality to all men, esp'ly to ye s'ts & ministers of Christ, rested from his labors, & sorrowes, beloved &' lamented of all, and very honourahly interred ye day following." - Roxbury Church Records (written by Rev. Samuel Danforth, who married Mr. Wilson's daughter Mary).
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The officers elected were Capt. Edward Gibbons (1637), captain ; 1039-40. Capt. Thomas Clarke (1638), lieutenant; Thomas Hucken (1637), ensign. The sergeants were John Oliver (1637) and Thomas Savage (1637) ; the clerk, John Johnson (1638), and the drummer, Arthur Perry (1638).
The Company was undoubtedly formed in accordance with the regulation established by Major Henry Tellier, of the " London Military Garden," for "The Way and Manner of Drawing Up a Company," viz .: "When the Drums are beating about the town, and in several places make Proclamation, (as by order from their Captain) for all Gentle- mens Souldiers that are under his command, to repair unto his Randevous, unto such a place, and at such an hour ; then it must be the immediate care of every Officer under his command, punctually at that hour and place, thither to repair, for the more encourag- ing of the souldiers as they shall come in, and not to stir themselves from thence, without some order from their Captain, for fear of giving bad examples unto others. And when they shall perceive some considerable number of men to come in, the Sergeants then may take advice of their Lieutenant and Ensign, which of them they will appoint out to draw forth the Muskettiers, and which the Pikes, and whom they shall make the right hand File-leader of the Muskettiers, and who shall be the left; and again who shall be the Leader of the right hand File of Pikes, and who shall be the left : For these four, being such remarkable places of Honour unto the knowing Souldier, that special care must be had in placing deserving men to be there. Now it is, or ought to be the discretion of every Lieutenant, and Ensign, (as being commissioned Officers) to resolve the Sergeants herein, that they may with more alacrity go on to draw the rest up between ; and so to order unto each of them their particular duties, as to carry equal pains in drawing forth the files. Therefore in respect that for the most part in every company, they have three Sergeants, two of them ought to take charge in drawing forth the Muskettiers, (being helpt by the advice of their Lieutenant,) and the other to draw forth the Files of Pikes, being assisted in counsel by their Ensign : for at such times the Officers ought not to be idle, and to stand gazing upon each other ; but everyone, according to his particu- lar place and relation, should be very active and assisting to each other."
The tactics and drill of the Artillery Company, when it was first organized, were undoubtedly those of the Low Countries, which had just been adopted in England. The artillery was heavy, and could be moved only with considerable difficulty, and the members of the Company were divided into pikemen and musketeers. The masses of pikemen, formed in accordance with the ancient systems of the phalanx, were flanked by the musketeers. Sometimes the two wings of musketeers were advanced until their rear ranks were on the same alignment as the front rank of the pikemen ; on other occasions, the musketeers were drawn up all around the square, of which the pikemen formed the centre.
No evidence of the use of pikes by the Artillery Company has been handed down. There was no occasion to resist calvary when fighting Indians. The men were armed and equipped as musketeers, and were formed in four ranks, as was directed in The Compleat Body of the Art Military, by Lieut .- Col. Richard Elton.
Each musketeer was to be provided with a musket, priming wire, worm, scourer, and bullet-mould, a rest, bandoleers, a sword, one pound of powder, twenty bullets, and two fathoms of match rope. The musket was a matchlock, the cock holding by a screw, and the burning match rope was applied to the powder in the pan. Muskets were generally large and heavy, and a forked staff, or rest, was required to support them when
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presented to fire. The staff, or rest, had a crotch or crescent at the top, and a sharp iron at the bottom to fasten it in the ground. Musketeers carried their powder in little wooden, tin, or copper cylindrical boxes, each containing one charge ; twelve of these boxes were fixed to a belt two inches wide, worn over the left shoulder, and the boxes and belt were called bandoleers. Usually the primer containing the priming powder, the bullet-dog, and priming-wire were fastened to the leather belt. These, and the little long boxes hung upon the belt, made much rattling. This belt, with its dangling appendages, had some resemblance to a string of sleigh-bells.
" Military organization was at first the only social distinction in the infant colony, for while all acknowledged allegiance to God and to the Commonwealth, there were no forms in religion, no nobility in the government. The clergy pointed out their narrow road to heaven, and the drill-sergeants taught men of dauntless energy how to use weapons for their self-defence while on earth. The early confederation of the United Colonies of New England, for mutual military self-defence against savage foes and French invaders, finally resulted in independence."
Twenty-one members were added to the Company in 1639-40, viz. : John Allen, Samuel Bennett, Richard Brackett, - Bridemore, Robert Child, Thomas Coitmore, Richard Davenport, Thomas Fowle, John Greene, Walter Haines, John Leverett, Robert Long, John Musselwhite, Thomas Owen, Herbert Pelham, William Rainsburrow, Henry Saltonstall, Robert Sampson, Anthony Stoddard, Robert Thompson, Francis Willoughby.
John Allen (1639), of Charlestown, came over probably in the " Abigail," in 1635, aged thirty years, with wife, Ann, from Kent County, England. He became a member of the church May 22, 1641, and was admitted a freeman on the second day of the next June. In 1640, he had a wife Sarah. In 1657, he was the richest man in the town. He was representative from 1668 to 1674 inclusive, and in 1668 was captain of the Charlestown company.
For services rendered the colony, Capt. Allen (1639) was granted, in 1668, one thousand acres of land by the General Court; the same year he was appointed a commissioner on import duties ; in 1669, one of a committee to prevent the exportation of coin, and also, with James Russell (1669), was authorized to collect the contributions for his Majesty's fleet at Barbadoes.
He died March 27, 1675. Judge Sewall (1679) calls him a brother of Rev. Thomas Allen.
Samuel Bennett (1639), of Lynn, was a carpenter by profession, but he worked in the iron mills at Lynn. He came in the " James," in 1635, from London, aged twenty- four years. He owned a large farm at Rumney Marsh, now Chelsea. A pine forest in the northern part of the town still retains the name of "Bennett's Swamp." He resided
John Allen (1639). AUTHORITIES : Buding- ton's Ilist. of First Church, Charlestown; New Eng. Ilist. and Gen. Reg, 1853; Savage's Gen. Dict .; Frothingham's list. of Charlestown.
Samuel Bennett (1639). AUTHORITIES : Lewis's Ilist. of Lynn; Hurd's Hist. of Essex Co., Art., Lynn; Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660.
"In 1644" Mr. Bennett (1639) " was presented by the Grand Jury as 'a common sleeper in time of exercise,' and fined two shillings and sixpence."
"There was a law Iorbidding the sale of com- modities at too great a profit. For a breach of this law, he appears to have once or twice suffered prosecution," and the court refused to remit the fine.
"In 1671, he sued John Gifford, former agent of the iron-works, and attached property to the amount of four hundred pounds, for labor performed Ior the company." - flurd's Hist. of Essex Co., I., 293.
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in the western part of Saugus, and when the towns were divided the line passed through his land, eastward of his house, and afterwards he was called an inhabitant of Boston. He was indicted at the Quarterly Court at Salem, July 5, 1645, for saying, in a scornful manner, he " neither cared for the town, nor any order the town could make." Mr. Bennett (1639) was a surveyor of highways at Rumney Marsh in 1657, and April 24 of that year he, with Edward Hutchinson (1638) and John Tuttle (1644), was ordered to "goe the bound line between Malden and Rumney Marsh and Lin and Rumney Marsh."
Richard Brackett (1639), of Boston in 1632, probably a brother of Peter (1648), was a member of the First Church in Boston, and was admitted a freeman May 25, 1636.
Drake, in his picture of Spring Lane, as he recalls the first settlers visiting the spring, concludes, "And grim Richard Brackett, the jailer, may have laid down his halberd to quaff a morning draught." He was appointed keeper of the prison Nov. 20, 1637. He sold, in 1638, to Jacob Leger, a house with a garden on Washington Street, midway between the present West and Boylston streets.
Dec. 5, 1641, he, with his wife, Alice, was dismissed by the Boston church to join the church in Braintree, where he was ordained deacon July 21, 1642. He was town clerk for many years, third captain1 of the town militia, and a deputy in 1655, 1665, 1667, 1671, 1672, 1674, and 1680. Oct. 15, 1679, he was appointed to join persons in marriage in the town of Braintree, and to administer oaths in civil cases.
Capt. Brackett (1639) died in Braintree, March 5, 1691.
Bridemore (1639). In the oldest roll of the members of the Military Com- pany of the Massachusetts, it is plainly, " Mr. - Bridemore." Nothing concerning him has been discovered.
Robert Child (1639), of Boston, physician, came from Northfleet, Kent County, Eng- land, and was bred at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, England. He received the degrees of A. B. in 1631, and of A. M. in 1635, and was made a Doctor of Medicine at Padua. He resided for a short time at Watertown, and was one of the petitioners for the grant of the town of Lancaster in 1644. In October, 1645, he purchased a large tract in Maine, known as the Vines Patent. The next year he greatly alarmed the government of Massa- chusetts by presuming to petition Parliament for an enlargement of privileges.2 He was
Richard Brackett (1639). AUTHORITIES : Hist. of Braintree; Savage's Gen. Dict.
Feb. 24, 1639, the selectmen voted, "There is leave granted to our brother Richard Brackett to mowe the Marsh lying in the Newfield, which he hath usually mowen, for the next Summer time."- Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660.
Robert Child (1639). AUTHORITIES: Mem. Hist. of Boston; Drake's Hist. of Boston; Win- throp's IIist. of New England; Savage's Gen. Dict .; Hutch. Coll., 211; Wilson's New England Sala- mander Discovered; New England's Jonas Cast Up at London.
This name is spelled Chidley on the original roll, and the name is so spelled in Col. Rec., Vol. I .: " Mr Chidley for confederating and concealing," was fined £13 6s. Sd. It is often spelled Childe in early books.
1 " On the request of Capt Richard Brackett, being ahoue seventy-three yeare of age, & infirmi-
tjes of age vpon him, hauing desired formerly, & now also, to lay downe his place as cheife military commander in Braintry, the Court grants his re- quest." -- Records of Mass. Bay, Vol. V., p. 459. 2 The principal point of the petition was, " that civil liberty and freedom might be forthwith granted to all truly English, and that all members of the Church of England or Scotland, not scandalous, might be admitted to the privileges of the churches of New England."
The synods of 1657 and 1662 practically adopted this view.
There were eight persons who joined in this petition, of whom the following were members of the Military Company of the Massachusetts, viz., Dr. Robert Child ( 1639), Samuel Maverick (1658), Thomas Fowle ( 1639), David Yale ( 1640).
Winthrop relates, Vol. II., p. 322, that after Dr. Child (1639) had arrived in London he met Francis Willoughby (1639) on the Exchange, and
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fined and confined ; his study was broken open, and papers taken away, and every hindrance was placed in his way to prevent his going to England to present his petition to Parliament ; but at last he did present it, and was unsuccessful. The General Court of Massachusetts issued a declaration against him, a portion of which was that he was a bachelor. In 1647, he went home, did not return, and probably died in England, Oct. 27, 1647, the General Court ordered, that, whereas Dr. Child (1639) owed a fine of fifty pounds to the country, which was unpaid, and he had gone out of the jurisdiction, and whereas he had stock (four hundred and fifty pounds) in the iron-works, therefore the attorney-general was given power to sell so much of said stock as would yield the fifty pounds due to the country.
Thomas Coitmore (1639), of Charlestown in 1636, was a brother of Elizabeth, who married William Tyng (1638). Thomas (1639) was admitted a freeman May 13, 1640, was selectman of Charlestown, 1640-2 inclusive, and representative to the General Court in 1640 and 1641. In 1644, he was proposed as the commander of the fort at Castle Island. He was an enterprising merchant, and went on several voyages to distant lands. In 1642, he sailed master of the "Trial," the first ship ever built in Boston. He was lost on a voyage to Malaga, by shipwreck on the coast of Spain,1 Dec. 27, 1645. His inventory was £1,266 9s. 7d. His wife, by whom he had two sons, was Martha, daughter of Capt. Rainsburrow (1639). Upon the death of her husband, Thomas Coitmore (1639), she married Gov. Winthrop2 ; and after his decease she married, March 10, 1651, John Coggan (1638). After his decease in 1658, " she wished to be married again," as related by Rev. John Davenport, and, it is said, "poisoned herself for her ill success."
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