USA > Massachusetts > History of the Military company of the Massachusetts, now called the Ancient and honorable artillery company of Massachusetts. 1637-1888, Vol. I > Part 7
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In 1636, Capt. Gibbons (1637) and John Higginson were sent as ambassadors to treat with Canonicus that justice might be done to those who were guilty of the murder of Oldham. The ambassadors were received and treated with great pomp and state. " They arriving, were entertained royally, with respect to the Indian manner. Boiled chestnuts is their white bread, and because they would be extraordinary in their feasting they strove for variety, after the English manner, - boiled puddings made of beaten corn, putting therein great store of blackberries, somewhat like currants. They having thus nobly feasted them, afterwards gave them audience in a State House, round, about fifty feet wide, made of long poles stuck in the ground, like your summer houses in England, and covered round about and on the top with mats, &c." In November, 1639, the General Court ordered "that Capt. Gibons should trayne the band at Waymoth," and in 1646 " at Hingham."
In 1643, Capt. Gibbons (1637) was one of the committee appointed on behalf of Massachusetts, to receive and treat with the commissioners from the colonies of Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven. This convention of commissioners was composed of the leading men of the several colonies, whose consultations resulted in the formation of the Articles of Confederation or Congress of New England, which met annually for years and conduced essentially to the union, peace, and prosperity of these infant States.
When the Massachusetts Militia was first organized in 1644, Capt. Gibbons (1637) was made sergeant-major, or commander, of the Suffolk County regiment, and in July, 1645, he was placed in command of the joint colonial expedition against the Narra- gansets.
In 1649, he succeeded John Endicott as sergeant-major-general, or commander- in-chief, and held the office for three years. Speaking of his election as sergeant- major, Johnson observes: " The first chosen to the office was Major Gibbons, a man of resolute spirit, bold as a lion, being wholly tutored up in New England disci- pline, very generous and forward to promote all military matters; his forts are well contrived and batteries strong and in good repair, &c. His great artillery well mounted and cleanly kept, and his own Company are very complete in arms and many of them
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disciplined in the Military Garden [meaning the Military Company of the Massachusetts, which was thus called after the parent organization in London] besides their ordinary trainings." In 1641, he was "appointed to see the laying of the ordnance in Boston, that they might not be spoiled." Gen. Gibbons (1637) had undoubtedly received a military education in England, or such veterans as Standish, Atherton, Leverett, Mason, and Seely would never have served under him in subordinate capacities. He was one of Keayne's (1637) associates in forming the Artillery Company, and was its commander in 1639, 1641, 1646, and 1654. One of his grandsons, Lieut. William Gibbons, was admitted a member of the Artillery Company in 1691, and one of his great-grandsons, Mr. John Gibbons, was admitted in 1711. Whitman adds, " Col. Daniel L. Gibbons [1810] was undoubtedly a descendant."
Gen. Gibbons (1637), having been unsuccessful in his business ventures, losing large sums by the Chevalier La Tour, of Acadia, received from Lord Baltimore, whose brother, Mr. Calvert, was Governor of Maryland, " a commission offering him land in Maryland to any of ours that would transport themselves thither, with free liberty of religion, and all other privileges which the place afforded, paying such annual rent as shall be agreed upon." The offer was not accepted, nor did he remove thither.
Four years after the formation of the New England Confederacy, Gov. Winthrop wrote to the Governor of Canada, proposing free trade between the colonies. In 1650, Gabriel Druilletes, one of the Jesuit fathers, was sent to New England to negotiate upon the subject. In his narrative of his visit, he speaks of the hospitable entertainment of Gov. Endicott, at Salem ; of Gov. Bradford, at Plymouth, and of his spending the night with Rev. John Eliot, at Roxbury. He also says that in Boston he was the guest of Major-Gen. Gibbons (1637), who "gave me the key of a room in his house, where I might in all liberty pray and perform the exercises of my religion, and he besought me to take no other lodgings while I remained at Boston."
Gen. Gibbons died in Boston, on the 9th of December, 1654, while commander of the Artillery Company. His will was proved in January, 1654-5, at Boston.
William Spencer (1637), the fourth person named in the charter, and the sixteenth on the original roll, resided in Cambridge, at the northeast corner of Mount Auburn Street and Brattle Square, where he was a merchant. He was admitted freeman March 4, 1632-3; was selectman in 1635, and a representative to the General Court from Cambridge, then called "Newtown," from 1634 to 1637.inclusive. He was one of the committee to frame a code of laws, and was lieutenant of the first train-band in Cam- bridge, commanded by Capt. George Cooke (1638), in 1636. He was doubtless then advanced in years. In 1639, he moved to Hartford, where he was selectman, deputy, and one of a committee to revise the laws of the colony, and died there in 1640. The fact that his name was associated with those of Keayne, Duncan, and Sedgwick, proves that he must have been a man of note in the colony. "Thus it appears," says Whitman, after having given sketches of the before-mentioned four charter members, "that the charter was given to four persons, one in each of the principal towns in the county with their associates, and may serve to correct a mistaken idea prevalent, that the Military Company of the Massachusetts, in its origin or progress, has been confined to Boston."
William Spencer (1637). AUTHORITIES : Paige's Hist. of Cambridge; Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company Ed. 1842.
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Robert Harding (1637), the seventeenth signer of the original roll, came over from England in 1630 with Gov. Winthrop, and his name appears as the eleventh sub- scribed to the covenant signed at Charlestown, Aug. 27, 1630, by those who afterwards became the First Church of Boston. He was admitted a freeman May 18, 1631. In October, 1634, John Coggan (1638) was elected sergeant "in place of Harding now in Virginia," but he returned before 1636, when he was chosen ensign of the train-band under Capt. Underhill (1637) and Lieut. Gibbons (1637).
Robert Harding (1637) was, as others, disarmed for his heterodoxy by order of the General Court in 1637. He doubtless was one of those who recanted, as he was received back into the church, and permitted to join the Artillery Company. He was elected a member of the first board of selectmen of Boston, Sept. 1, 1634, and was re-elected in March, 1637, and continued to serve until 1640, except one term of six months. At this latter date, his love for the anabaptistic doctrine again triumphed, and he left Boston for Aquiday, R. I., where he became an assistant in 1641. In November, 1646, he returned to England, and in 165 1 was a merchant in London.
He married, May 18, 1631, Philippa Hammond, "widdow," who came over to New England in the same ship with him. Her name is the fortieth on the membership list of the First Church. Capt. Harding (1637) married, second, on the 17th of October, 1645, Esther Willis, of Hartford.
Thomas Cakebread (1637), of Watertown, was the eighteenth signer of the original roll of the Artillery Company. He became a freeman May 14, 1634. He was a pro- prietor in Watertown in 1636-7, in Dedham in 1637, and in Sudbury in 1639. In Mr. Haven's address, 1836, he is called " a renowned soldier of Watertown," and he was "invited to be at the head of the military affairs in Dedham." He signed the town covenant of Dedham, and was considered an efficient man, for, " 1 1th of 3ª mo. 1637," a committee was appointed to treat with him in regard to managing the military affairs of the town, and soon after was admitted a townsman. In 1637, he married Sarah, daughter of Nicholas Busby.
He removed from Dedham to Sudbury soon after, for a grist-mill was erected by Thomas Cakebread (1637) in the spring of 1639, in that part of Sudbury now called Wayland. In consideration of his building the mill, he was given forty acres of upland adjoining the mill, and "a piece of meadow downwards and a piece of meadow upwards " - sixteen to twenty acres. Also there were given him thirty acres of meadow and forty acres of upland.
The Colony Records state that, in 1642, "Ensign Cakebread was to lead the Sudbury company." He died in that town Jan. 4, 1643-4. His widow, Sarah, married Sergt. John Grout, who took charge of the mill property.
John Holman (1637), of Dorchester, the nineteenth signer of the original roll of the Artillery Company, was one of the emigrants from the English counties of Dorset and Devon, who came in the advance ship of the Winthrop fleet, and, landing at
Robert Harding (1637). AUTHORITIES : Savage's Gen. Dict .; Savage's Edition of Winthrop's Hist. of New Eng .; Drake's Hist. of Boston; Whit- man's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660.
Thomas Cakebread (1637). AUTHORITIES :
Bond's Watertown; Dedham Records; Hudson's Hist. of Sudbury; Hist. of Middlesex Co., by D. II. Hurd.
John Holman (1637). AUTHORITIES: New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1851; Hist. of Dor- chester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc.
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Mattapan, called it Dorchester. He is mentioned in Pynchon's papers as a collector of furs, in 1633, at Dorchester. In 1634, his residence was "by the Rock." He was selectman in 1636-7 and 1642. He was ensign of the first military company in Dor- chester, under Capt. Israel Stoughton (1637) and Lieut. Nathaniel Duncan (1638). He was concerned in navigation, and left a good estate. In his later years, he seems to have lived on Adams Street. In 1637, the town gave Mr. Holman (1637) twenty acres of upland, "next to Mr. Hutchinsons." He probably died in 1652, for his will was probated on the 10th of June of that year.
Richard Collicott (1637), of Dorchester, whose name is the twentieth on the roll of the Artillery Company, was born in England in 1603, and was admitted a freeman March 4, 1632-3. He was a sergeant in the Pequot War, selectman of Dorchester in 1636-7 and 1641 ; was a deputy to the General Court in 1637, and a member of Mr. Warham's church, Dorchester. He is also mentioned, in 1633, as a collector of furs. In 1634, he had leave to build two houses, one near "the burying-ground" (Indian), and the other "without the pale." In October, 1636, acting as a trustee for the town, he received the grant from Cutshumaquin of the whole territory of Unquety, Milton, including forty acres for himself, conferred by the town, which, in the July previous, gave him six other acres. He represented the Dorchester church at the Cam- bridge Synod, held in 1637, for the trial of Mrs. Ann Hutchinson. His fur trade prob- ably brought him into much intercourse with the Indians, with whom he had great influence, which was called into use by Eliot in his endeavors to Christianize them. In 1645, he accompanied Atherton's (1638) expedition to Narragansett.
It was doubtless on a fur-trading expedition to Maine, in 1648, that the remarkable providence mentioned by Winthrop occurred to Mr. Collicott (1637). He was somewhat identified with Maine, for he was elected to represent Falmouth in the General Court in 1669, and Saco in 1672. His residence in Dorchester was near the corner of Cottage and Pleasant streets. He appears to have resided in Boston in 1651, and in Milton in 1664.
His first wife, Joanna, died Aug. 5, 1640, and by his second, Thomasin, who survived him, he had five children, the youngest of whom, Bethia, married, July 21, 1692, Rev. Daniel Gookin as his second wife. He moved again to Boston a few years before his death, which occurred on the seventh day of July, 1686. He was buried on Copp's Hill.
Joseph Pendleton (1637), the twenty-first signer of the original roll, left no trace, as yet found, except the following : -
In 1651, Joseph Pendleton, of Boston, witnessed the will of Robert Turner, who joined the Artillery Company in 1640.
Mr. Savage suggests that Joseph may have been a son of Major Bryan Pendleton (1646). Major Pendleton's will (New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., Vol. III., p. 122) clearly implies that the major had but one son, whose name was James.
Edward Tomlins (1637), of Lynn, the twenty-second signer of the original roll of the Artillery Company, came in the fleet with Winthrop; was an Englishman by birth, and a carpenter by trade. He was one of the original settlers of Lynn, and received
Richard Collicott (1637). AUTHORITIES : Hist. of Dorchester, by Antiq. and Hist. Soc .; Win- throp's Hist. of New Eng .; Hutchinson's Hist., II., 515; Copp's Hill Burial-Ground, by Bridgman; Spark's Biography of Eliot; Records of the Col. of
Mass. Bay; Hist. of A. and H. A. Company, by Whitman (1810).
" [1686] July 9 [Friday]. Mr. Richard Colli- cot buried." - Sewall Papers, Vol. I., p. 144.
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considerable grants of land, including Tomlins Pond, " sixty feet above the ocean." He was admitted a freeman May 18, 1631. In 1633, he built the first mill in Lynn, - but not on Strawberry Brook, as Whitman asserts, - and erected several large wooden bridges in different towns. He was a deputy in the first General Court in the colony in 1634, and for seven terms afterward, during one of which the charter of the Artillery Com- pany was granted. His son Edward came from England in 1635, aged thirty, and returned to London in 1644, and in 1679 was in Dublin. In 1640, Edward, Sr. (1637), went with a party of emigrants from Lynn, led by Rev. Abraham Pierson, to Long Island, but he returned in 1641. He was arraigned for expressing opinions against singing in churches, but he retracted, and was discharged "the Ist of the 4th month, 1641."
In 1634, he was appointed by the General Court keeper of "ordinances, powder and shott," and was authorized to impress men to build gun carriages ; and, in 1637, was chosen cannoneer at the Castle.
In 1643, he was sent by the General Court, of which he was that year a member, with Humfrey Atherton (1638), to visit the Indians at Gorton's Plantation, Warwick, R. I., where, we are told, he " catechized them." The same year he was appointed clerk of the writs in Lynn, where he probably died.
Nicholas Upshall (1637), of Boston, the twenty-third signer of the original roll of the Artillery Company, sailed from England on the 20th of March, 1630, in the largest vessel of Winthrop's fleet, the "Mary and John," with other emigrants from Dorsetshire. They founded the town of Dorchester, where he was empanelled as a juror in September, 1630. Under the colonial charter, applicants "could become members of the corporation, and this membership made them freemen. They then could vote for assistants ; subsequently, they were allowed to vote for Governor, and were themselves eligible to the office of assistants. Members of the company had the exclusive right of suffrage, were members of the General Court, and owned the public and undivided land." It was determined on the day that Nicholas Upshall (1637) became a freeman, Oct. 19, 1630, that none should thereafter be made freemen who were not church members. This act reduced the government at once to a theocracy. Nicholas Upshall (1637) was a member of the church in Dorchester.
He also appears on the town records as a grantee of land there, in 1633, and was the first bailiff and rater in Dorchester in 1634. "It is ordered by the town of Dor- chester," April 17, 1635, "that Nicholas Upshall and Matthew Grant [an ancestor of Gen. U. S. Grant] shall p'ceed in the measuring of the great lotts as they have begun."
Nicholas Upshall (1637) was licensed as innkeeper in the town, in the years 1636, 1637, and 1638. "It is ordered," June 27, 1636, by the town, "that Nicholas Upshall shall keep a house of entertainment for strangers." He was selectman in 1638 and 1642. In 1637, he was a member of the jury of " Life and Death "; i. e., of a coroner's jury, or jury as distinguished from the grand jury.
On the 7th of December, 1641, Nicholas Upshall (1637) joined with other persons
Edward Tomlins (1637). AUTHORITIES : Whitman's Hist. A. and H. A. Company, Ed. 1842; Lewis's Hist. of Lynn; Savage's Gen. Dict .; Sav- age's Winthrop; Records of Mass. Bay.
Nicholas Upshall (1637). AUTHORITIES : New Eng. Hist. and Gen. Reg., 1851, 1861 (will),
1880 (the latter being illustrated with pictures of the gravestones of Nicholas and Dorothy Upshall); Bridgman's Copp's Hill Burial-Ground; Report of Boston Rec. Com., 1634-1660; Drake's llist. of Boston; Drake's Gen. Dict.
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in a grant of land to Dorchester, for the establishment and support of a free school. In the language of the deed, the grant was "for and Towards the maintenance of a free schoole in Dorchester aforesayed for the instructinge & Teachinge of Children and Youth in good literature & Learninge." In the year 1639, a vote had been passed by the town taxing the proprietors of said land for the same purpose. The town, the pro- prietors, and the grantors in the above deed, were substantially the same persons. The historian of Dorchester believes this to have been "the first provision for a free school in the world by a direct tax or assessment on the inhabitants of a town." Nicholas Upshall (1637) removed to Boston in 1644, and, with his wife Dorothy, was admitted on the last Sunday of July in that year, by recommendation of the Dorchester church, to the church in Boston. He was, however, a large property holder in Boston before his removal, for, in 1637, he owned the land from the northeast side of Richmond Street, and from Hanover Street to the sea. He became noted as the keeper of the " Red Lyon Inn," "at the corner of Red Lyon Lane and the Town street next the Sea." His wharf, near by, was bordered by what is now called Richmond Street, and is covered by Fulton and Commercial streets. The Red Lyon Inn was regarded as the best "ordinary " in Boston, and the host was becoming quite wealthy when his sympathies were excited by the persecutions of the Quakers.
When the General Court, in 1656, passed an act against the Quakers, it was ordered that it be publicly proclaimed, with beat of drum, in different places in Boston. One of these places was in front of the Red Lyon Inn, and Nicholas Upshall (1637), hearing the act read before his own door, said "that he did look at it as a sad foreboding of some heavy judgment to fall on the country." On the following morning, he was called before the court and charged with having expressed his disapprobation of the law against the Quakers. He, "in much tenderness and love," warned the magistrates to take heed lest they should "be found fighting against God." In the New England Tragedies, his words are thus expressed in verse :-
"I testify against these cruel laws ! Forerunners are they of some judgment on us; And in the love and tenderness I bear Unto this town and people, I beseech you, O Magistrates, take heed, lest ye be found As fighters against God."
A fine of twenty pounds was exacted from him, Gov. Endicott saying, " I will not bate him one groat." He was also banished, to depart in thirty days, including four in prison, and was fined three pounds more for not attending worship after banishment.
An exile and a wanderer, Nicholas Upshall (1637) sought refuge in Rhode Island, and on his return to Boston, in about three years, he was thrust into prison. Because "many Quakers & others affected to that sect" visited him in his confinement, he was removed to Castle Island, " there to remain vpon his own charge." His wife and family petitioned for his release, and, in 1662, he was moved, by order of the court, "ovt of prison forthwith to ye house of John Capen [1646]," in Dorchester, "provided he does not corrupt any with his pernicious influences," or does not teach "the diabolical doctrines and horrid tenets of the cursed sect, the Quakers."
Mr. Upshall (1637) resided at Mr. Capen's (1646) from 1662 until his death, Aug. 20, 1666, "aged 70 years." He and his wife, with their friend Copp, were buried in
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that part of Copp's Hill Burial-Ground appropriated for people of color, where their gravestones still remain. His property inventoried, after deducting debts, £543 105., no inconsiderable property in those days. His friends, "the Quakers," were remem- bered by him in his will.
Edward Johnson (1637), of Charlestown, whose name is the twenty-fourth and last in the list of founders of the Artillery Company, came to New England with the Winthrop immigration from the parish of Herne Hill, in Kent County, England. He was admitted a freeman May 18, 1631. Not long after, he returned to England ; but came back in 1636 or 1637, bringing with him his wife Susan, seven children, and three servants, and settled at Charlestown. His possessions there were two dwelling-houses, with garden plots, " on the south side of mill-hill," " butting South upon Charles River," and about two hundred acres of land. In 1642, he removed to what was at first called Charlestown Village, but which was soon organized as a town and called Woburn.
Capt. Johnson (1637), who had evidently received a military training, was the captain of the first train-band of Woburn, and was captain in the Middlesex Regiment at the organization of the militia in 1644. He was ensign of the company commanded by Capt. George Cooke (1638), with Humfrey Atherton (1638) as lieutenant, on the expedition, in 1643, for the arrest of Samuel Gorton and his followers, who had estab- lished an independent settlement in the Indian country. After enduring a siege in their block house for several days, Gorton and his men surrendered, and were taken to Boston, where they were brought before Gov. Winthrop "in a military order, viz., the soldiers being in two files, and after every five or six soldiers, a prisoner." The soldiers, after having delivered their prisoners to the civil authorities, saluted the Governor with "three vollies of shot, and so departed to the inn where he had appointed some refresh- ing to be provided for them above their wages." These "wages" were ten shillings, or about two dollars and a half a week, the soldiers to victual themselves. "Very liberal," says Winthrop; "as is needful in such commonwealths as desire to be served by volunteers."
Capt. Johnson (1637) took such an active part in establishing the church in Woburn that some have supposed he was a clergyman ; but he was not, although it is possible he might have officiated occasionally as a ruling elder. He was the town clerk of Woburn for thirty years, and represented that place in the General Court from 1643 to 1672, with the exception of 1648, serving as speaker of the House of Deputies for a short time in 1655.
When the revolution in Great Britain restored King Charles II. to his father's throne, Capt. Johnson (1637) was appointed by the General Court, with Gen. Gookin (1644), Mr. Danforth, Major Lusher (1638), and Capt. Hill (1647), a committee in relation to sending Messrs. Bradstreet and Norton (1643) as agents to England. This committee met at the Anchor Tavern, in Boston, Jan. 4, 1662, to adopt measures and hasten the journey of their agents. The subject was very important, considering that by the temporizing policy of the Massachusetts colonists, as it respects the King and Parliament, they had everything to apprehend on the restoration. They had prudently
Edward Johnson (1637). AUTHORITIES : New Eng. Ilist. and Gen. Reg., 1847; Hurd's Hist. Middlesex Co., Vol. I., p. 337; Drake's Gen. Dict .; Report of Boston Rec. Com., Vol. III .; Savage's
Ed. of Winthrop's Ilist, of New Eng .; Mcm. Ilist. of Boston; Records of Mass. Bay; Sewall's list. of Woburn.
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and cautiously acknowledged Oliver Cromwell and the Parliament, but from 1656 to 1660 they were silent, and abstained from saying or doing anything that would give offence to either party, and they had declined to acknowledge Richard Cromwell as Protector. Their instructions, address to the King, and letters to divers lords, are preserved in Hutchinson's Collections. Capt. Johnson (1637) was one of the four to whom the original charter and a duplicate of it were delivered for safe keeping in 1664. The Colonial Records give frequent evidence of his public services and the confidence he enjoyed from the people of Massachusetts.
Capt. Johnson (1637) is best known as the author of the Wonder-Working Provi- dence of Zion's Saviour in New England, the original edition of which was printed in London in 1654. This first published history of the planting of Massachusetts is written in military style, " rude in speech," and laudatory of the spiritual, material, and martial condition of the colony. "The Lord has been pleased," the captain tells us, " to turn all the wigwams, huts, and hovels the English dwelt in at their first coming into orderly, fair, and well-built houses ; well furnished, many of them, with orchards filled with goodly fruit-trees and garden flowers." The military organization of the colony is graphically described by Capt. Johnson (1637). "None are exempt," he says, "except a few timorous persons that are apt to plead infirmity if the church choose them not as deacons, or they cannot get to serve some magistrate or minister ; but, assuredly, the generality of this people are very forward for feats of war, and many, to further this work, have spent their time and estates." Each soldier was required to keep constantly by him " powder, bullets, and match." "There are none chosen to office in any of these bands but such as are freemen, supposed to be men endued with faith in Jesus Christ "; whereupon the captain adds this weighty caution : " Let all people know that desire the downfall of New England, they are not to war against people only exercised in feats of arms, but men, also, who are experienced in the deliverances of the Lord from the mouth of the lion and the paw of the bear. And now, woe be to you ; when the same God that directeth the stone to the forehead of the Philistine guides every bullet that is shot at you, it matters not for the whole rabble of anti-Christ on your side, the God of armies is for us, a refuge high ; Selah !"
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