USA > Massachusetts > Berkshire County > History of the county of Berkshire, Massachusetts, in two parts > Part 11
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|1764|
25|
49|
741
3| 0| 3| 3| 1| 0| 2| 7| 100|
30
Williamstown.
11765
157
269
426
4
41 00
8| 4į
121
01
33
315
0
Peru.
|1780
45
65 110
41 2 61
41
51
0 0| 7| 105
25
Windsor.
[1772
35
79 114 -
10
1| 11|
31
21
01
41
61
130|
0
Hinsdale.
1795
53
911
144|
18
2| 20|
1| 0|
6| 15| 100
18
Adams.
1827
10
18
28
1|
2 3
0| 3| 0|
1
0 60 60-30
Savoy
[1811
18
38|
56.
0| 0: 0 0| 1| 0| 0 1| 0; 25
Florida.
|1814|
3:
12
15
0| 1| 1 0| 0.
0| 0|
1Į 9|
26 Churches.
Total, 1546 2999 4545| 164|
53|
217|
64) 103
5|
63
*
.
NOTE .- The Sabbath Schools and Bible Classes are differently organized and in- structed. Some churches have no Bible Class distinct from the Sabbath School. In Adams, the class is instructed by a Biblical lecture.
144
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
·
145
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.
The Baptists have 20 churches, and 14 houses for public worship. besides a right in several union houses. They are Calvinistic in sentiment, and enjoy the servi- ces of 7 settled pastors, and 4 or 5 ordained elders and candidates, who preach in different churches for longer or shorter periods. Formerly, some were connected with the Shaftsbury, and some with the Westfield Asso- ciation, and through those bodies with the Massachu- setts Baptist Convention ; a few were unassociated. In May, 1827, the Berkshire County Baptist Association was formed, by delegates from ten churches. It now embraces fourteen, though one of the churches is at New Lebanon Springs, in the State of New York. To this body laymen are sent as delegates, as well as clergy- men. It holds one session annually in May, beside which the ministers hold quarterly meetings.
The following table will show when most of these chur- ches were formed. and very nearly the present number of members. The number of members is taken mostly from the printed minutes of he second anniversary of the County Association, held in: May of the current year, and from the notice of the Shaftsbury Association in the minutes of the Massachusetts Baptist Convention, held in October, 1828.
Berkshire Association.
Churches.
Formed.
No. of members.
Tyringham and Lee,
1827
37
Sardisfield, Ist church,
1779
54
Becket,
50
Pittsfield,
1801
102
Lanesborough,
· 1918
35
Cheshire, 3d church,
1824
45
Williamstown,
1813 or 14
43
Windsor,,
1823.
55
Hinsdale,
1797
76
1808
99
Adams, 1st church, do. 2d,
1826
47
Savoy,
1787
101
Florida,
1810
26
-- 770
Shaftsbury Association.
19
1787
133
Sheffield,
Egremont,
13
146
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
West. Stockbridge, about 1792
42
Sandisfield, 2d church, 1783
124
-318
Unassociated.
Cheshire, 1st church, 1769
about 30
· do. 2d,
1771
Hancock,
about 1768 about 30
The Episcopalians have four churches, four houses for public worship, and three clergymen.
Churches. Instituted.
Present No. of Communicants.
St. James' church, G. Barr., about 1760
about 100
Trinity church, Lenox, about 1767
about 35
St. Luke's church, Lanesborough, 1767 about 50
Otis Episcopal church, 1828 9
-- 194
The Methodists, (who have six houses of worship, and a right along with other denominations in several more) are universally the followers of Wesley. Most of them are still Episcopal Methodists ; though a few years since, a minority here, as well as in other parts of the country, withdrew from their brethren, and styled themselves Reformed Methodists. The ground of sep- aration was a difference of opinion in regard to church government and discipline. While they did not believe that episcopacy was binding upon them by the Scrip- tures, the Reformed Methodists complained especially of the power of excluding members from the churches, the power of excommunication, possessed by circuit preachers. They deemed this too enormous to be pla- ccd in the hands of individuals, even of ministers of the gospel, as very liable to abuse, and as often greatly abu- sed, as contrary to the gospel, and as opposed to the great principles of our free institutions.
Most of the Methodist preachers are circuit preachers, and supply several churches in rotation.
There are portions of five circuits, belonging to the Episcopal Methodists in this County, viz : Salisbury, Tyringham, Pittsfield, Petersburgh, and Leyden cir- cuits, connected with the Rhinebeck and Troy districts, and the New York Conference. In Pittsfield, and in some other places, they are numerous : classes exist in the greater part of the towns. Complete returns have not been received from all the circuits; but from the
147
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.
statements of a number of the preachers who are now labouring in them, the members in all the classes in the County must be from 8 to 900.
The Reformed Methodists, according to the minutes of the Eastern Conference, published in 1825, (since which they have not greatly varied,) have five societies in the County, viz :
Sheffield Society, composed of 30 members.
Tyringham do.
15
Pittsfield do.
30
66
Cheshire do.
36
Savoy do.
15
126
The Quakers and Shakers do not admit of any out- ward ordinances. "The society of Quakers in Adams was formed in 1780, and has about 30 families belong- ing to it." The Hancock society of Shakers contains about 270 souls, and the Tyringham society about 100.
While the preceding denominations include the great mass of people in the County, it must be confessed, that individuals may be found in different places, who do nothing for the support of the gospel; who rarelv. if ever, attend upon its institutions, and who would be heathen, were it not that christians live about them. The lamentable situation of many persons of this des- cription, may be traced to an abuse of the tax laws of the Commonwealth, respecting the maintenance of reli- gious worship. Unwilling to pay their proportion of these taxes, though bound to do it by civil and moral obligations, or offended by something which had occur- red in the societies to which they belonged, they have certificated from one denomination to another, but in truth have joined none. The pride of self-consistency, combined with the causes now named, has kept them from returning to the societies from which they have withdrawn, and to others they have felt little attachment. Public worship has therefore been gradually forsaken, and finally abandoned ; and their children, in many in- stances, have grown up in ignorance and sin. If it be right and expedient to place the support of the gospel on
148
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
the same ground of public good with the support of schools and the support of government itself, and for civil rulers to call upon the people to pay for its support in proportion to their property, or as the Lord has prospered them, then the laws of the State on this subject ought to be re- vised, and so altered, that individuals, from the influ- ence of mere selfishness, or sudden passion, shall not evade them and bring mischief upon themselves and families, and upon community. Let all be taxed ac- cording to their property, the law reserving to individu- als the right of having it applied to the support of preach- ing in the denomination to which they belong, or which they prefer, and in case of no preference, to the princi- pal denomination in the town, and they would be likely to attend upon preaching, from the influence of the very consideration that they support it, if no other should operate upon them. The tax need not be pla- ved so high as to preclude all contributions, where peo- ple wish to make them ; nor so as to interfere with the different sums deemed suitable to be raised in different places.
COUNTY SOCIETIES, RELIGIOUS AND MORAL .- The Berkshire and Columbia Missionary Society was form- ed Feb. 21. 1793, for the purpose of sending the gospel to new and destitute settlements in our land, and was incorporated by the Legislature of Massachusetts, Nov. 27,1816.
This may now properly be considered as a society of this County, because almost all its present members live within our limits. It formerly had many suppor- ters, as might be supposed from its name, in the adjoin- ing county of Columbia, in the State of New York, who are now throwing their contributions into the treasury of benevolent societies, more recently formed, within their own bounds. Aid was also obtained from some other parts of the country.
The funds of the Society from the beginning up to April, 1829, amount to $13,776 03. These have been derived,
From the annuities of members, $1 each, 2264 50 donations of individuals, 799 45
public contributions, 2918 41
COUNTY SOCIETIES. 149
charitable societies,
$2818 10
legacies, 1505 80
profits on sale of Panoplist, 216 00
do.
Vincent's Catechism, 13 00
collections of missionaries, 3240 17
Of the donations, ten dollars a year, for thirteen suc- cessive years, were received from a friend of missions in Williamstown ; ten dollars a year, for four success- ive years, from a female friend of missions in Catskill, New York, and twenty at another time, (as was suppos- ed,) from the same individual, and one hundred dollars from Mrs. Sarah Taylor, of Union, New York.
The contributions and donations of Charitable Soci- eties were received from the following towns :
Contributions. Dona. of C. S.
Total.
Sheffield,
$103 22
$23 37
$126 59 4
Great Barrington,
2 10
2 10
Stockbridge,
424 22
334 38
758 60
West Stockbridge,
71 70
16 71
88 41
Tyringham,
17 77
4 00
21 77.
New Marlborough,
101 67
151 86
253 53
Sandisfield,
23 00
23 00
Becket,
97 70
4 25
101 95
Otis,
10 12
10 12
Richmond,
101 39
237 77
339 16
Lenox,
186 86
92 00
278 86
Pittsfield,
443 20
443 20
Dalton,
37 07
37 07
Washington,
14 78
14 78
Lee,
341 56
367 17
708 73
Lanesborough,
55 18
37 05
92 23
Williamstown,
35 00
168 50
203 50
Williams College,
20 00
20 00
Windsor,
20 34
34 07
54 41
Hinsdale,
13 10
13 10
Hampshire and Hampden Counties,
Goshen,
15 39
15 39
Middlefield,
144 49
17 59
162 08
Chester,
53 97
53 97
State of New York.
Canaan,
98 21
98 21
Chatham,
50 91
30 00
80 91
13 *
.
150
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
Catskill,
$63 87
$203 51
$267 38
Greenville,
172 63
6 43
179 11
Durham,
20 06
42 00
62 06
Kingsborough;
43 23
171 99
215 22
Spencertown,
19 07
19 07
Green River,
36 16
36 16
New Lebanon,
27 97
27 97
Hudson,
150 75
150 75
Windham,
23 778
23 78
Cairo,
69 50
69 50
Delhi,
5 00
5 00
Walton,
33 25
33 25
Lewis,
32 33
32 38
Aux. Miss. Soc. of Montgomery
and Saratoga counties,
268 18
268 18
· Cornwall, Vermont,
62 54
62 54
Legacies.
From Rev. John Stevens, of New Marlboro', $50 00 Mr. Benjamin Tobey, of Canaan, N. Y., 200 00
Mr. Joel Baldwin, of Williamstown,
110 00
William Williams, Esq. of Dalton,
20 25
Woodbridge Little, Esq. of Pittsfield,
100 00
William Ingersoll, Esq. of Lee,
205 55
Ashbel Strong, of Pittsfield,
300 00
Mr. Nathan Wright, of Middlefield, Rev. James Davis,
500 00
20 00
Some of the missionaries employed by the Society have labored statedly in particular places for several months, and have not related minutely their services. Where they have itinerated, they have given an account of their services from day to day. They have been en- gaged by the week, and have laboured in all 2013 weeks. Deducting the stated labours, just mentioned, they have preached 8382 sermons, attended 1333 con- ferences, made 15050 family and 631 school visits, formed 23 churches, and admitted, beside the admis- sions when churches were formed, 231 persons into the church, administered the Lord's supper 196 times, and baptized 1004 persons, adults and infants. They have also attended many church meetings and funerals, dis- tributed many religious books, procured by the Society,
151
COUNTY SOCIETIES.
either by purchase or solicitation, and established sever- al charity libraries.
The Society holds its annual meeting on the third Tuesday in September, at such place as is agreed upon by the members. Besides meeting on this day, the Trustees have a semi-annual meeting in April.
The operations of the Society have been performed generally in the destitute parts of the State of New York. For several years past they have been dimin- ished for the want of funds, occasioned by the rise of other benevolent institutions. The Society. however, richly deserves patronage, and it is hoped will be instru- mental of accomplishing much good hereafter.
The Berkshire Bible Society, auxiliary to the Amer- ican Bible Society, was organized June 17, 1817. Ac- cording to the constitution then adopted, the members (at first 64 in number,) were to pay annually into the treasury one dollar each ; and the money was to be ex- pended, as far as necessary, in the purchase of Bibles for the supply of the necessitous among ourselves and on our borders, and the residue was to be transmitted as a free donation to the parent institution. The condition of membership was too high for the people at large, and many subscribers were not obtained. Those who sub- scribed, being widely dispersed, but few attended the anniversaries, and little interest was felt, compared with the importance of the subject. In order to raise the So- ciety, efforts were made in the winter of IS27-8, agree- ably to the recommendation of the Managers of the Na- tional Society, to form Branch Societies in the various towns and parishes, of such persons as should be willing to pay any sum, more or less, for the Bible cause, whose presidents and delegates should constitute the County Society, and which should have depositories of Bibles among themselves, supplied by the County depository, where the members might receive their subscriptions, should they wish it, in part or in whole, and purchase Bibles at cost, and where the poor might be gratuitously supplied. A considerable number were formed, which brought nearly 1100 dollars into the treasury in May following. At this anniversary, the Society voted to conduct their proceedings in future upon the new plan proposed by the Managers of the National Bible Soci-
152
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
ety. That their collections might not interfere with the collections for Foreign Missions, which are made in the spring, it was also voted at this meeting that the anniver- sary of the Society shall be on the first Wednesday im- mediately succeeding the first Sabbath in January. This arrangement will doubtless prove, on the whole, beneficial to the interests of the Society. But it brought the anniversary in January last so near the anniversary in 1823, that two Branches, whose aid may be confi- dently expected in future, did not make any collection for the occasion ; and the collections of some others were diminished. Several new branches, however, were formed, and the whole amount collected exceeded 1200 dollars.
The whole sum collected by the Society, from its or- ganization up to January 7th, 1829, and on that day, is $3306 18}; of which $1697 78 have been transmitted, as a donation, to the National Society, and $2015 24} (including incidental expenses) have been paid for the purchase of Bibles and Testaments for distribution in the County. A small balance remains in the treasury.
The whole number of Bibles and Testaments pur- chased from the beginning, is 4137 ; the whole number distributed up to this time, (July 24) is 3636, leaving 451 now on hand.
As it may be gratifying to know what the Branches severally paid at the anniversaries in 1928 and 1829, the subjoined table is given. A few Branches which did not pay on the day, or near the day of the anniversa- ries, may not be found on this list.
Branches.
Sum in 1828.
Do. 1829.
Sheffield,
$82 15
Egremont,
13 06
Stockbridge,
87 01
90 64
do. North Society,
54 52
West Stockbridge,
54 46
43 58
Tyringham South,
19 28
do. North,
11 56
New Marlborough, N. Parish,
16 92
31 34
do.
South,
-
30 00
Sandisfield,
87 77
45 73
Becket,
10 00
34 22
Otis,
39 80
36 72
153
COUNTY SOCIETIES,
1
Richmond,
· $70 94
$50 40
Lenox,
161 92
100 00
Pittsfield,
143 18
205 66
Dalton,
38 00
21 00
Washington,
15. 03
Lee,
81 88
109 31
Lanesborough Con. Society,
11 87
48 00
do. Episcopal,
21 29
Williamstown,
24 40
Peru,
97 21
Windsor,
73 41
56 48
Hinsdale,
S1 61
43 85
Savoy,
35 12
1075 16
1201 06
This Society, if duly sustained by different denomin- ations of Christians, will accomplish much good. It is a matter of convenience to have a deposit of Bibles of- different sizes and types, in every town and parish. These are sold at cost, and lower than they can be af- forded by individuals and private companies. Besides, the plan proposed by the National Society, if faithfully prosecuted, (and to be faithfully prosecuted, it must be aided by its various auxiliaries, larger and smaller, ) pro- mises the best results to our country and to the world.
The anniversaries are held at Lenox.
The County Education Society for aiding indigent pious young men in their education, preparatory for the ministry, was formed July 6, ISIS. The annual meet- ing is at Lenox, on the third Wednesday of May. It is auxiliary to the American Education Society, to which its funds have been transmitted. These have been de- rived from the following sources, viz :
From the annuities of members, a dollar each, $345 00 life members, 230 00
students in Williams College, 44 50
an aged lady in Richmond, 30 00
a person unknown, avails of ornaments sold, 11 00 legacy from the Rev. Daniel Collins, of Lenesborough, 50 00
contributions from churches, congregations and societies in several towns, viz ;
154
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
Stockbridge,
$159 98 )
Sandisfield,
78 19
Otis,
8 37
1 Lenox,
53 13
Pittsfield,
585 40
Lee,
356 39
Lanesborough,
47 80
1
Peru,
73 81 5
divers individuals and places, mostly small sums, 134 74
2208 31
Since the Society has been in operation, individuals and associations in various parts of the County, whose liberality does not appear in this account, have aided youth of the above description with money, board, and articles of clothing and furniture.
At the last anniversary of the Society, a committee was appointed to devise ways and means for establish- ing a school in the County, on the same general princi- ples with the school at Whitesborough, in the State of New York, in which indigent young men of pious char- acter and fair promise, especially such as shall have the ministry of the gospel in view, shall have an opportuni- ty to support themselves by labouring on a farm, or at some mechanic art, certain hours daily, while prosecu- ting their studies, to fit themselves for college, or for en- trance upon business for life, should not some or other of the learned professions be contemplated. In the opinion of many judicious and pious men, it is better for the individuals themselves and for the cause of reli- gion, to place indigent youth in circumstances to support themselves, than to undertake to aid them by donations or loans of money.
The Berkshire Missionary Society, auxiliary to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sions, was formed at Pittsfield, June 15, 1825, by dele- gates from the town associations, which had been formed the preceding winter and spring, by Mr. Geo. Cowles, an agent of the Board. For many years previous, some individuals and churches had contributed liberally for the support of missions abroad. In the hope of ob- taining stated and generous contributions from the
-
1363 07
155
COUNTY SOCIETIES.
churches at large, the associations were established. In most of the towns there are both male and female asso- ciations, which make separate contributions yearly. The County Society, composed of delegates from the inale associations, meets on the second day of the June session of the Berkshire Association of Congregational Ministers, that is, on the Wednesday following the sec- ond Tuesday in this month. It meets of course where the Association meets. In connection with the contribu- tions of the associations, the donations of individuals, and of some other benevolent societies, collections at the monthly concert, &c., are sometimes given. In the ta- ble which follows, the sumns from these sources, where they have been given, are put together, under the con- tributions of the male and female associations.
1825.
1826
1827.
1828.
1829.
Sheffield M. A.
$52 35
$40 0:
$47 00
$57 26
7.4/ 44
do.
F. A.
73 03
50 00
58 44
58 08
46 96
other con.
22 00
26 20
Egremont.
10 87
10 :7
6 6
6 8:
5 75
Great Barrington
38 00
17 33
22 6.
26 13
23 00
37 00
35
32 34
30 75
40 00
Stockbridge.
29 25
45
54 6%
41 93
47 64
51 89
43 2-
53 3:
58 35
62 65
do. N. Society.
30 22
19
23 76
18 02
24 20
22 00
14
13 95
11 30
18 37
W Stockbridge [con.
2!
16 56
15 86
18 00
15 12|
10 84
6 59
35 12
30 96
24 88
23 46
19 .0
N. Marlboro' N. ..
35 00
12 00
42 10
24 34
34 00
19 00
40 75
29 25
24 64
do.
South.
14 92
6 20
7 7.
/ 9 32
Sandisfield.
64 70
33 50
23 00
43 15
28 45
62 65
45 00
38 25
41 58
44 0%
Becket.
17 00
21 28
11 10
14 00
21 CU
12 80
15 92
14 66
14 00
Otis.
:٠٠ ١٫
8 98
7 67
9 98
19 34
9 79
15 13
14 10
Richmond.
50 00
31 46
84 001
22 00
22 301
:
12
4 26
02
14 10
12
7
2 4%
"
10
7 33
4 09
Tyringham South.
1 50
3 79
1 25
18 8-
36 00
16 50
16 00
26 50
156
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
-
Lenox. ,
$79 25
$67 26
$103 52
$5: 08
$5- 93
60 80
51 80
71 95
42 46
4] 25
Pittsfield.
98 25
103 55
76 88
141 00
74 26
61 93
58 0
92 70
13? 89
60 52
81 42
90 6-1
72 16
Dalton.
11 72
13 19
23 31
21 75
S
1
Washington.
$
99 78
74 42
87 90
85 36
96 64
73 84
41 29
57 61
46 18
50 05
Lanesborough.
11 37
20 50
22 13
15 96
27 07
23 75
14 47
30 00
17 83
25 37
Williamstown.
58 29
62 00
71 69
57 21
63 58
72 41
76 21
75 42
55 05
62 25
Peru.
48 33
45 00
53 00
52 93
36 61
22 67
18 00
26 00
26 10
25 31
Windsor.
53 07
47 50
61 46
54 00
44 00
51 83
53 00
54 00
51 00
44 00
Hinsdale.
49 15
51 13
60 00
46 01
47 25
41 62
46 87
39 18
28 36
39 07
Coll. at anniversary.
40
261 40
5 82
1747 82 1478 30
1846 23 2009 21
1544 08
Ded. bad notes dis.
17 00
15 00
1 75
5 00
3 12
1730 82
1463 30 1844 48 2004 2111540 96
At the anniversary in 1828, the members greatly re- gretted that the collections of the associations fell short of what they were the year preceding. To remedy the evil, the collection stated, was obtained on the spot. At the last anniversary. the occasion for regret was greater ; and it became a matter of inquiry and discussion what should be done. In the result, the Society voted ;
That they would use all lawful measures to persuade the members of the associations to double their sub- scriptions the next year; particularly to persuade all professors of religion, male and female, to contribute to the glorious object of spreading the gospel through the world.
On the 21th of April, 1323, the organization of the Berkshire County Sabbath School Union, auxiliary to
1825.
1826
1827.
1829
.1829.
22 00
8 44
60 10
59 25
25'50
24 37
32 07
27 35
2 22
20
Lee.
9 67
15 86
13 00
28 50
28 00
157
COUNTY SOCIETIES.
the Massachusetts Sabbath School Union, took place at Lenox. The objects stated in the constitution are, to promote the establishment of sabbath school associa- tions in all the towns and parishes in the County ; to open new and increase the existing schools within the limits of the County ; to open an easy channel of com- munication with all the schools in the connection, by which improvements in the mode of teaching, and all the advantages suggested by experience, may be spec- dily and simultaneously introduced ; to furnish desti- tute schools with a small library, when the funds of the Union or the circumstances of the schools shall justify such a measure ; to stimulate and encourage the friends and patrons of sabbath schools in the instruction of the ignorant; to correspond with the Massachusetts Sabbath School Union in Boston, and to transmit its surplus funds to that institution.
The Society held its first anniversary at Lenox, on the 20th of May last. Hitherto it has done little more thau to send out committees to visit the sabbath schools in the County. - Should suitable measures be adopted, it may be instrumental of much good to the rising gen- eration, and to the community at large. For although sabbath schools now exist in nearly all our towns and pa- rishes, and are patronized by different denominations of Christians ; although they are furnished, in many in- stances, and perhaps in all, with libraries, larger or smaller, and are exerting a happy influence, there is no doubt that the number of scholars may be greatly in- creased, and the instruction rendered much more thor- ough and useful. The condition of membership is, the contribution of something annually to its funds. Five dollars, contributed at one time, constitutes the contrib- utor a member for life.
On the 25th of June last, the A xiliary Union of Berk- shire County for promoting the observanceof the Chris- tian Sabbath, to be connected with the General Union formed in the city of New York in 1823; and the Berk- shire Temperance Society. auxiliary to the American Temperance Society, were organized at Lenox. Thus recently organized, nothing can be said of their proceed- ings ; but a vast field of usefulness is opened before them.
14
159
HISTORY OF BERKSHIRE.
The sabbath is probably observed as generallypu a as faithfully in Berkshire, as in almost any other part of the country. But still a lamentable departure is ob- servable here from the exemplary conduct of our fath- ers, and a greater one from the strictness and holiness prescribed in the word of God. Aside from the neglect of the institutions of public worship, chargeable on no inconsiderable number, many persons do not scruple to travel on the Lord's day, when, in their judgment, either convenience or interest require it. Some here and others there, drive loaded teams back and forth to the market towns on the Hudson, and scarcely a finger is raised to punish the enormity. Though post-offices are not often opened, and stages do not often travel, yet we are far from being secure from evils from these quar- ters, unless the public mind can be aroused to the duty and importance of sanctifying the Sabbath. The great means which the Society proposes to employ for effect- ing their design, are ; the influence of personal exam- ple, of moral suasion, with arguments drawn from the oracles of God, from the existing laws of our country, appeals to the consciences and hearts of meu, and fer- vent supplications to the Lord of the Sabbath. The people at large need to be shown that the best interests of individuals, temporal and spiritual, of families and communities, are connected with remembering the sab- bath-day, and keeping it holy.
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