History of the town of Oxford, Massachusetts with genealogies and notes on persons and estates, Part 21

Author: Daniels, George Fisher, 1820-1897
Publication date: 1892
Publisher: Oxford : Pub. by the author with the cooperation of the town
Number of Pages: 916

USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Oxford > History of the town of Oxford, Massachusetts with genealogies and notes on persons and estates > Part 21

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

Fair Oaks.

" About 2 o'clock P. M., 31st, ordered up double-quick through mud and water, crossed the Chickahominy on 'Sumner's Bridge,' water rising rapidly, formed lines just as action commenced in the battle of Fair Oaks. Fore- part of the engagement the regiment supported Battery ' I,' Ist U. S. Artil- lery, Kirby's. About dark regiment charged into the woods, remained in line until 3 o'clock A. M. Regimental loss 22 killed and wounded." 2

On 1 June the battle was renewed, 15th regiment not engaged. Remained in line of battle until the 9th, under very adverse condi- tions, " rainy weather, no shelter or overcoats, scanty rations, as the bridge behind had been carried away, little or no sleep on account of constant alarms. Aroused at 2 o'clock every morning, and were under arms until daylight," were marched and counter-marched, and employed in building breastworks, and on picket duty, and subject to frequent shellings from the enemy.

" June 27, attack on our right, went up as reserve, regiment not engaged.3 28, company on picket; was attacked about 11 o'clock, fell back a few rods . . . held our ground until next morning. 29. About 9 A. M. the line was ordered back, came to our camp, found the balance of the regiment and all

1 The pay-roll, 30 April, was dated at "Camp Winfield Scott," before Yorktown; sick 6; for duty 71. On 15 April, 1862, Col. Devens was pro- moted to Brig .- Gen., Col. Ward, his successor, was wounded at Ball's Bluff and incapacitated for service until 5 Feb., 1863, when he took the command. Lieut .- Col. John W. Kimball was acting Colonel in the interim.

2 Of Co. E, Luther C. Torrey and John Toomey were killed, and Pliny Allen, Henry J. Ball, corporals, and George W. Albee, wounded.

3 These were the beginnings of the "7 days' fight ". before Richmond.

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THE CIVIL WAR.

1862

the rest of the troops gone, did not stop to take tents, packed knapsacks, but as the Rebel Cavalry came in pursuit, threw away everything and double- quicked for Savage's Station. Arrived there, joined our brigade, and found the balance of the regiment destroying stores."

Savage's Station.

" About 5 o'clock battle of Savage's Station. After dark, line fell back and marched all night; crossed White Oak Swamp. 30, demolished the bridge, brigade deployed to prevent the enemy crossing at that point."

White Oak Swamp. Then occurred the battle of " White Oak Swamp," with heavy loss on both sides. In this contest Yeomans was taken prisoner. He says :-

" Ordered up to the left, double-quick, woods on fire; got exhausted and fell out. In a few moments went on to join the brigade, the woods were full of smoke, got lost, ran on to the Rebel line of battle, and was taken prisoner by the 28th North Carolina regiment."1

Malvern Hill. On 1 July occurred the battle of Malvern Hill, the last of the Richmond battles, in which the Confederates were repulsed at every point. The 15th regiment was engaged, but the loss was small. On the pay-roll, 31 Aug., 1862, is endorsed as follows :-

" Regiment engaged on Malvern Hill, Va., 1 July. From thence marched to Harrison's Landing. On 4 Aug. marched to Malvern Hill on a reconnois- sance in force; 6 Aug., returned to camp at Harrison's Landing; Aug. 15, marched across the Chickahominy through Williamsburg, Yorktown, Big Bethel, Hampton to Newport News, arriving 22d. 25, embarked for Alexan- dria, landed 28, marched about five miles on the Manassas turnpike, and encamped. 29, marched for Chain bridge, arriving 30; thence to Fairfax, and 31 to Centreville, and encamped near the enemy's old works."2

The efforts of the Union troops, in the early summer, to reach Richmond had failed. The Confederates were encouraged, and having raised the siege laid plans at once for removing the scene of action nearer the national Capital, and for the invasion of Maryland. The Union forces were now on their way northward, and a few weeks later the two opposing armies were arrayed in force at Antietam. The diary continues :-

"1 Sept., 1862, Brigade went out reconnoitering, back at night; marched all night to Fairfax. On morning of 2d, formed line of battle and remained all day; . . . at nearly dark the Rebels brought up their Flying Artillery and annoyed the rear of our column; the 1st Minn., with one section of artillery, formed across the road, and our regiment took a cross road and formed, and waited an attack. The enemy's cavalry came upon the Minn. regiment, who gave them a volley and fell back. We joined the column and marched until 2 o'clock; halted about two miles from Chain bridge.3 On 3d, crossed the

1 Yeomans, with other prisoners, was 1 July taken to Richmond, and on 15th to Belle Island, remaining there till 5 Aug., when 3,000 were marched to Aiken's Landing, 16 miles, in great heat, from which many died, and were thence transported in U. S. vessels to Harrison's Land- ing, where Yeomans, having been exchanged, joined his regiment.

The pay-roll, 30 June, 1862, dated "on the

march." Albert Prince in command. Storer detailed to Devens' staff. Missing in action, 30 June, Dodge, Ellis, Yeomans, Henry Hoyle wounded. Sick 6, for duty 58.

2 This roll gives sick 27, for duty 63.

3 In the confusion which prevailed in this re- treat the 1st Minn. fired into the 15th Mass., but with no serious result.

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HISTORY OF OXFORD.

1862

bridge and camped at Tenellytown, Md .; 5, marched on to near Rockville; 6, moved a few miles and camped; 9 and 10, moved slowly; 11, near Clarks- burg, shelled the Rebel cavalry; 12, went on through Hyattstown; 13, through Frederick City, and encamped near the city; 14, marched through Middle- town; battle of South Mountain, arrived on the field after dark, just after firing had ceased; relieved line of battle; 14, during the night, the enemy left; 15, went on in pursuit, through Boonsboro and Keedyville, bivouacked ; 16, artillery fight all day ; 17, battle of Antietam."1

Antietam. This was one of the great battles of the war. Each army numbered about 100,000 men, and the contest continued from morning till night. During the night the Confederates retreated. In this struggle the 15th lost heavily. The casualties in Co. E were : Killed, Serg. Amos H. Shumway (buried on the field) ; Alfred W. Davis, d. of wounds 22 Sept. ; John H. Curran, James H. Davis, Alexander Thompson, Conrad Amptaeur, Charles H. Wheelock, Edwin E. Rindge, d. of wounds 21 Oct. Wounded, Lieut. Albert Prince ; Corps. Edward Cudworth, Simon Carson and Horace P. Howe ; privates Matthew Brennan, Cyrus J. Dodd, Edward Ennis, Frank Eaton, Fred. A. Hall, Joseph E. Haskell, John W. Humphrey, John B. Marcy, Elliot F. Mckinstry, Jerome P. Southwick, John Sullivan, Marquis E. Steere, Stephenson Sill, Luther Stone, George O. Williams, William Y. Woodbury, Oliver L. White. Yeomans says : "On the 18th only 10 from Co. E were present for duty ; 19th, detailed to the battle-field to bury the dead and care for the wounded. Bivouacked until the 22d," at which date the regiment marched through Sharpsburg, down the Potomac valley toward Harper's Ferry, and again encamped on Bolivar Heights, where it continued until 30 October. At that date camp was broken and a line of march taken through the Loudon Valley toward Fredericksburg.2

Falmouth. After moving in different directions to meet the motions of the enemy, the regiment skirmishing, acting as picket guard and rear-guard for wagon-trains, etc., the vicinity of Fal- mouth, opposite Fredericksburg, was reached on 20 Nov., where preparations were made to go into winter quarters.

Fredericksburg. On 13 Dec., 1862, occurred the first battle of Fredericksburg (Gen. Burnside being in command), in which the fifteenth was engaged. The Confederates fought behind entrench- ments and the Unionists in the open field, with great loss. One, Edward Lovely, wounded, and one, Emory F. Bailey, missing, in Co. E. A note [in Co. E Records], dated 11 Dec., says : " Regi- ment marched across the river to Fredericksburg,-in active service till the 16th,-then ordered to old camp near Falmouth."

Recrossing the river, the regiment remained in winter quarters near Falmouth until 2 May, 1863. On that day marched to the

1 In reference to this season's movements, a writer in the Spy said: "It was the fortune of the Fifteenth to be exposed to constant march-

ing and skirmishing till the battle of Antietam closed the year's campaign."

2 Pay-roll, 31 Oct., 1862, " on the march "; sick 30, for duty 34.

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THE CIVIL WAR.

1863

river bank, and at daylight on the 3d crossed to Fredericksburg and joined, under Gen. Hooker, in the second attack on the Confederate works. Failing in the attempt, it recrossed the river the same night, and for four days acted as picket guard and support of a battery near the river. On the 8th, " moved back to the hill opposite the Lacy house," where an encampment was made, continuing about five weeks.1

Marches. The movements of the Confederates at this time indi- cated another invasion of the North, and on 15 June camp was broken, and the tedious marches began backward toward the old scenes of conflict. Yeomans says :-

"Started at 2 o'clock A. M .; hot, hard march through Stafford Court House, 18 m. ; 16, started at 2 A. M. through Dumfries, Wolf Run Ford, etc., 19 m .; 17, to Fairfax Station, 6 m .; 19, to Centreville, 6 m .; 20, through Gainesville to near Thoroughfare Gap, 17 m .; staid till 25, on through Hay- market, Rebels shelled our rear, camped near Gum Springs, 14 m .; 26, crossed the Potomac at Edwards' Ferry, 13 m .; 27, through Poolesville to foot of Sugar-loaf Mountain, 12 m .; 28, through Barnesville to near Frederick, 12 m. ; 29, long, hard march through Liberty, Union Bridge, 35 m. ; 1 July, through Taneytown to near Gettysburg, 17 m. ; 2, battle of Gettysburg."

Gettysburg. Fighting had begun the previous day, and not- withstanding the strain of long continuous marches in the rain and heat, these men joined "early in the morning," says the diary, of the 2d of July, in this greatest battle of the war. Starting at daybreak they marched several miles and at sunrise had joined a portion of their second corps, in its position behind Cemetery Ridge. Skir- mishing began early, but the hard fighting of the day, in which the 15th took a part, was not until the afternoon and continued until night without decisive results. On the 3d the contest was renewed and in the forenoon the Unionists gained some advantage. At 1 o'clock began the final struggle, and for two hours a terrific cannon- ading from 150 Confederate and 80 Union guns continued. At 3 o'clock Gen. Lee, thinking the Union lines weakening, precipitated upon their left centre his reserve of 18,000 of his best troops, intending to sweep the field. The Union veterans were equal to the emergency, met the assault with coolness and bravery, forced back the attacking column and decided the fortunes of the day. In a Spy editorial, 23 July, 1864, occurs the following :-

" The next day [3 July] the battle was renewed. The shock was terrible. Late in the afternoon, when the rebel lines showed signs of wavering, the colors of the Fifteenth were ordered [by Gen. John Gibbon] to advance. The remnant of the regiment rallied to their support, and as if by one impulse the whole line pushed forward with a shout and carried the position. The rebel army was defeated."

1 Pay-roll, 31 Dec., '62, "near Falmouth, Va." Prince, Captain; A. A. Smith, 2d Lieut., assigned to Co. E, 24 Oct .; Bernard B. Vassall resigned 31 Oct., '62. Sick and wounded 44, for duty 38.

Pay-roll 28 Feb., '63, same place. Capt. C. H.

Watson resigned 21 Jan., '63; Lieut. William B. Storer resigned. Sick 28, for duty 35.

Pay-roll 30 April, '63, same place. Geo. W. Brown, 2d Lieut., trans. 9 April from Co. A to Co. E. Sick and wounded 19, for duty 33.

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HISTORY OF OXFORD.

1863

The Spy of 23 Nov., 1883, contained notes of a visit of several members of the regiment to the battle-field to fix the location of a monument. We quote :-

"Another point established was where the final charge of Pickett's division was repulsed at the summit of the hill near a clump of trees, mentioned in most accounts of the battle, called ' the high-water mark of the rebellion.' Here the 15th made a heroic stand at the crisis of the fight, and the spot was selected to be marked by a permanent memorial in its honor." 1

Of Co. E, privates Geo. W. Cross and Michael Flynn were killed ; and Capt. Prince, Corp. Anthony Murphy and Owen Tonar, Robert Lusty and Thomas King, privates, wounded ; Flynn was on detached service in a R. I. Battery and is said to have been among the bravest. On the 5th a line of march was taken southward again, through Taneytown and Frederick and across Antietam Creek, near the battle- field, where they were on the 10th. On the 18th Harper's Ferry was reached, and keeping almost continuously on the move southward on the 23d an encampment was made near Warrenton Junction, about 60 miles south from Harper's Ferry. Here they remained until 12 Sept., making marches in different directions to meet exigences.2 At this date a movement was made, crossing on the 13th the Rappahannock to Culpepper Court House, and on the 17th going on to near the Rapidan and Cedar Mountain. Oct. 5, says Yeomans :-

"Returned through Culpepper. 10, marched up through the town, formed line of battle, at night sent out pickets. 11, at 2 A. M. withdrew pickets, marched back, recrossed the Rappahannock . . . and marched back . . . beyond Bealton Station, hard march of 18 m. with 8 days rations on our backs. 13, marched to near Sulphur Springs between Warrenton and Warrenton Junction and bivouacked."

Bristow Station. On 14 Oct. occurred the battle of Bristow Station in which the Confederates attacked and were repulsed with great loss. Henry Jirvensen, in Co. E, wounded.3

During the few succeeding weeks the position of the regiment was often changed, but did not remove far from Warrenton Junction. The diary continues :-

"Nov. 27, went on through the Wilderness to near Locust Grove, came on the enemy, formed line, the regiment advanced as skirmishers,-heavy skir- mishing all day-regiment relieved at 9 at night-loss small. [Leander T. Kirby, wounded; Serg. James Comrie and Louis Jaquier, missing.] 28, advanced in line of battle through thick swampy woods . . . heavy skirmishing all day, remained in line all night. 29, moved out through the woods by White Hall Church on to plank road to Orange Court House, our corps and one division of 6th Corps intending to flank the enemy's right; skirmishing-first division slightly engaged. 30, turned out at 2 A. M. intending an assault, but as the enemy had been heavily reinforced during the night did not attack. Fell

1 The pay-roll for May and June, '63, was dated at Pleasant Valley, Md. George W. Brown, sec. Lieut., in command; sick and wounded, 19; for duty, 30.

2 The pay-roll, 31 Aug., 1863, was dated at

"Morrisville, Va."; sick and wounded, 22; for duty, 39.

3 The roll for 31 Oct., 1863, was dated " Near Warrenton, Va."; sick and wounded, 17; for duty, 33.

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THE CIVIL WAR.

1864

back after dark and marched from 8₺ P. M. all night. 2 Dec., crossed the Rapidan at Culpepper, Mines Ford, and reached old quarters at 83 P. M., having had a hard 24 hours' march of 35 miles. On 5 Dec. moved 4 miles to near Stevensburg and went into winter quarters.1

" On 6 Feb. marched six miles to Morton's Ford, on the Rapidan, after dark crossed the river and engaged the enemy; 7th, recrossed and were on river bank all day, and in the evening returned to camp."

Campaign of 1864. Until early in May, 1864, the encamp- ment continued near Stevensburg with only occasionally an incident to break the monotony of camp life. Then came the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania. Gen. Grant was now in command. The Union army, with recruited ranks, crossed the Rapidan, and Gen. Lee fell back toward Richmond. C. C. Coffin says :-

" The month of May, 1864, will be remembered on account of the momen- tous events which took place in one of the greatest military campaigns of history. We are amazed by a succession of events unparalleled for rapidity. We cannot fully comprehend the amount of endurance, the persistency, the hard marching, the harder fighting, the unwearied, cheerful energy and effort which carried the Army of the Potomac from the Rappahannock to the James in forty days, against the stubborn opposition of almost equal numbers. . . . Morning, noon and midnight the boom of cannon and the rattling of mus- ketry echoed unceasingly through the Wilderness, around Spottsylvania, along the North Anna, and among the groves of Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor."

Wilderness and Spottsylvania. On the 5th and 6th was fought the battle of the Wilderness, with many losses and no decided advantage to either side.2 On the 9th, after three days hard fight- ing, the Confederates retreated with 13,000 loss. On the 11th and 12th occurred the battle of Spottsylvania, when 4,000 Confederates were captured. Of these movements Yeomans says :-

" 3 May broke camp at 9.30 P. M., marched to Corps headquarters; 4, went on about midnight, crossed the Rappahannock at Ely's Ford, marched to Chancellorsville, halted and formed lines; 5, went on about five miles to Todd's Tavern, took another road, came back, fight began about 5 P. M., regiment engaged slightly ; 6, hard fight, regiment engaged all day-battle of the Wilderness-regimental loss about 50 killed and wounded; 7, the fight

1 Pay-roll 31 Dec., '63, dated "Stevensburg, Va.," William R. Steele, 1st Lieut., assigned to Co. E 9 Dec .; same date, James May, Lieut., transferred to Co. B; sick and wounded, 17; for duty, 32.

Roll 29 Feb., '64, same place. Capt. Prince and Melvin R. Rowe absent in Mass. on re- cruiting service; rejoined Co. 12 April. Daniel W. Knight, Lieut., in command; Lieut. William R. Steele on Div. Staff; sick and wounded, 7; for duty, 30. On 30 April, '64, when all its force was rallied for the opening of the great campaign the company numbered 40 in rank and file.

2 Of the battle of the Wilderness, a recent writer has said: "It was the most strange and indescribable battle in history. A battle which no man saw, and in which artillery was useless. A battle fought in dense woods and tangled

brake, when manœuvring was impossible, where the lines of battle were invisible to the com- manders, and whose position could only be determined by the rattle and roll and flash of musketry, and where the enemy was also invisi- ble." Another says: "Nothing can be stranger or more difficult to understand and picture mentally than this death grapple between 200,- 000 men in virtual darkness, this desperate struggle, costing from 12.000 to 15,000 lives, fought out without perception on either side of the entities that were moving rifle-trigger and gunlock. The firing was guided wholly by the flashes of the opposing volleys. No men were to be seen. Yet death was everywhere. In no battle of the war could the courage of the com- batants have been so severely tried as here." -[N. Y. Tribune, 22 June, 1888.

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HISTORY OF OXFORD.

1864

still continues, regiment changed position several times, but not engaged ; 8, moved down by Todd's Tavern supporting cavalry; hot, hard march; 9, early in morning went back a short distance, formed lines, remained a short time, came back and moved down near River Po, and laid there all night; 10, crossed the Po, formed lines, staid but a short time, recrossed the river, and moved up to the left-Spottsylvania-hard fight, Capt. Prince wounded, charged breastworks, Henry Koch and Corp. Geo. S. Williams killed [the latter] on picket front of breastworks, remained till 12 at night; 12, at daylight charged the enemy's works successfully, captured Maj .- Gen. Johnson, Gen. Stuart, and many other officers, 18 pieces artillery, and many prisoners. In the afternoon attacked by the enemy-hard fight all the afternoon, regi- mental loss large, remained in line all night; 13, engaged slightly ; 14, in line all day, not engaged; 17, remained quiet till dark, moved up to the Rebel breastworks; 18, at daylight moved on the enemy's works again-hard fight all the forenoon, at night moved further towards the left, about seven or eight miles by Mary's bridge; 20, moved on; 21, marched all night through Guiney's Station, Bowling Green, Milford, etc., crossed the Mattapony river, went on picket at night; 23, moved at 7 A. M. to North Anna River, some skirmishing; 24, crossed river, built breastworks, went out to support skirmish line, out all night; 26, recrossed the river; 28, crossed the Pamunkey near Newmarket, regiment deployed as skirmishers, got shelled, out all night as pickets ; 29, joined Brigade; 30 and 31, moved each day, on night of 31 deployed as skirmishers, dug rifle-pits, out all night and next day ; June 1, unsuccessful charge on the enemy's works ;1 3, battle of Cold Harbor; at day- light made unsuccessful charge on enemy's works, at night dug rifle-pits within 50 yards of works, hot, hard, rainy time, constant sharp shooting; 7, flag of truce to bury dead; 8, quiet; 9, firing resumed on both sides, remained till night of 11, moved back."

Change of plan. At this point Gen. Grant altered his plan and suddenly moving by a circuitous route to the southward of Richmond, began the attack on Petersburg. The diary continues :-

" 12, marched all night; 13, crossed the Chickahominy in the morning on pontoons, below Bottom Bridge, marched to Charles City Court House; 14, at 5 P. M. crossed the James on transports and moved up about two miles; 15, marched towards Petersburg till 12 at night, built breastworks; 18, routed at 1 A. M., moved on enemy, regiment under fire all day, loss small; 19, at night moved out in front of rifle-pits, staid all day and all night; 20, moved back and camped; 21, in the morning crossed Norfolk railroad, moved up Jerusalem Plank road [nearly south of Petersburg], regiment laid in woods all night ... ; 22, at 2 A. M. moved on through thick swamp to skirmish line, threw up breastworks, Rebs came in through a gap in our lines and took us all prisoners-77 in our regiment."

Thus ends the diary, so far as it describes the movements of the regiment. The prisoners were taken to Richmond, and thence toward Andersonville. On 1 July, while being marched around a break in the railroad under a guard of old men, boys, etc., Yeomans made a dash for the woods, was fired upon, but escaped, reaching the Union lines near Knoxville on 11 August.

Twenty days after the capture the time of their enlistment expired,

1 These movements were mainly in a southerly but failed. The works here alluded to were direction, the object being to flank Lee's army, along the Totopotomoy River.

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BATTLES AND SKIRMISHES.

and some of the prisoners having been paroled, they, with others from different posts to which they had been assigned, started home- ward via. Baltimore, arriving by steamer at Boston on 21st July. On 22d a grand reception was given them at Worcester. On 28th they were mustered at Brinley Hall, in that city,-7 officers and 80 privates,-paid off, and honorably discharged. The efficiency of this stanch Corps cannot be overrated. It distinguished itself for bravery on many occasions, and was one of the half-dozen regiments in the Union army which sustained the heaviest losses during the war.

Battles and skirmishes in which the 15th was engaged :-

Ball's Bluff, 21 Oct., '61; severe.

Siege of Yorktown, 5 April to 5 May, '62.

Fair Oaks, 31 May, '62; severe. Savage Station, 29 June, '62.

White Oak Swamp, 30 June, '62.

Glendale, later, same day.

Malvern Hill, 1 July, '62; severe.

Vienna, 2 Sept., '62; on retreat from Fairfax.

South Mountain, 14 Sept., '62.

Antietam, 17 Sept., '62; very severe.

Fredericksburg, 11 to 16 Dec., '62.

Second Fredericksburg, 3, 4 May, '63.

Haymarket, 25 June, '63; skirmish.

Gettysburg, 2, 3, 4 July, '63; very severe.

Culpepper Court House, 13 Sept., '63; skirmish.

Bristow Station, 14 Oct., '63.

Second Bull Run, 15 Oct., '63.

Mine Run or Locust Grove, 27, 28, 29 Nov., '63; heavy skirmishing.

Morton's Ford, 6 Feb., '64; skirmish.

Wilderness, 5 to 9 May, '64; severe.

Laurel Hill, 10 May, '64; charge, severe.

Ferna Hill, 11 May, '64; severe.

Spottsylvania, "Bloody Angle," 12, 13, 18 May, '64; charge on the 12th, very severe.

Milford, 21 May, '64; skirmish.

North Anna River, 24 to 27 May, '64; heavy skirmishing.

Pamunkey River, 28 May, '64; skirmish.

Hanover's Farm, 30, 31 May, '64; skirmish.

Same, 1 June, '64 ; unsuccessful charge.

Cold Harbor, 3 to 11 June, '64; severe, charge repulsed, approaches by entrenchments.

Before Petersburg, 18 to 22 June, '64; regiment captured 22d.

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HISTORY OF OXFORD.

List of Members of Co. E.

Compiled from the pay-rolls and Adjutant General's Report. Many dis- crepancies exist between these rolls and the report, and in many cases it has been difficult to ascertain the facts.

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History of the town of Oxford, Massachusetts with genealogies and notes on persons and estates, Part 21

Author: Daniels, George Fisher, 1820-1897 Publication date: 1892 Publisher: Oxford : Pub. by the author with the cooperation of the town Number of Pages: 916

Author: Daniels, George Fisher, 1820-1897
Publication date: 1892
Publisher: Oxford : Pub. by the author with the cooperation of the town
Number of Pages: 916