USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Oxford > History of the town of Oxford, Massachusetts with genealogies and notes on persons and estates > Part 26
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Sigourney Mill. The first trace we find of this property in the records was the purchase of it, 22 Aug., 1812, by Joseph Stone from Aaron Sibley, administrator of the estate of his father, Aaron. According to tradition Sibley built a grist-mill here in 1794, the stones of which were brought from Cape Cod, and had been used in a windmill which stood on the Jesse Eddy farm on Prospect Hill. The dam had been washed away in the freshets of the winter of 1806-7, and rebuilt by Sibley. Stone rebuilt the mill, adding
1 On 30 Jan., 1833, the owners were Stearns De- Witt. Alexander DeWitt, Hollis De Witt, Samuel Dowse, Benjamin F. Campbell and Archibald DeWitt.
2 The large house on the Charlton road was
built by Stephen Prince, Jr., but never occupied by him. It was sold in March, 1833, to the Thread Company, and was later the residence of Benja- min F. Campbell, Elias B. Crawford, Charles Harding and Col. Moses Buffum.
204
HISTORY OF OXFORD.
wool-carding and scythe grinding (in which he employed Amos Eddy), and operated carding machine and grist-mill until the close of 1821. In Jan., 1822, John Andrews of Douglas leased the place and began the first weaving of cotton on the power loom done in Oxford, operating six or eight looms, continuing for one year.1
In 1823 Benjamin Cragin and William Dudley, both of Douglas, succeeded Andrews, continuing until March, 1826, at which time Thomas Warner, having dissolved partnership with Jonathan A. Pope at the "Central" mill place, began on a lease and continued the spinning of cotton until the autumn of 1828. On 1 April, 1830, Asa Cutler and Joseph Stafford, in partnership, leased the mill and carried on a very prosperous business until the end of 1831. William K. Greene of Rhode Island succeeded them, with whom was associated in 1832-3 Robert D. Dorrance. In Aug., 1833, Ebenezer Henry of Northbridge and John A. Henry of West Boyl- ston, brothers, bought the estate, "factory, three houses and a store," and began the manufacture of cotton batting. On 15 April, 1835, Ebenezer Henry of Oxford and Frederick Purinton of Northbridge conveyed the property to Edward Denny, who, in partnership with Hiram A. Pettibone, fitted up the mill with new machinery and began the making of fine satinets, under the firm of H. A. Pettibone & Co. In 1838 the establishment was very much improved, the old mill was removed and fitted for dwellings and a new one built in its place for cotton manufacture. In 1842 it was leased by Charles Lawton, who made a good quality of cotton sheetings for one year. In Sept., 1843, Denny sold the mill to Waterman A. Fisher, previously of Killingly, Conn. Benedict & Drury of Millbury operated it as lessees in 1847, and from 1849 to 1851 Jonathan Williams & Co. had possession. On 22 May, 1852, the mill was burned, and in 1853 was rebuilt of stone, as now standing, and called Phenix mill. Horatio G. Sanford of Worcester took a lease of the new mill and operated it on knit goods, stockinet, etc., until 1856, when Fisher took posses- sion and manufactured cotton goods until his failure in 1857. In 1854 Elias B. Crawford occupied the basement as a twine factory. After Fisher's failure the property passed into the hands of his brother Erastus, who on 16 Jan., 1865, sold to Joseph Burrough and Edwin Bartlett. It was operated with the other mills of Burrough & Bartlett and sold with them to O. F. Chase & Co., from whom it passed, in Nov., 1885, to Edwin Bartlett, who is, 1890, proprietor. Until 1867 this mill was run on cotton sheetings ; at that date a change
1
1 Benjamin Cragin may have been interested in the business. Mr. Bradford G. Edson, who is good authority, says the first man to start a power loom in Oxford was Richard Robinson, an Englishman, whom he well remembers. We find no trace of him in the records ; he may have been foreman for Andrews.
A power loom was invented in England in 1785. In 1811 Francis C. Lowell went thither to investi-
gate. In 1831 he with Nathan Appleton and another formed a company for operations at Waltham, and soon began spinning and weaving. The crank loom, superior to that used by Lowell, was a Scotch invention introduced in Rhode Island by William Gilmore under the patronage of Judge Lyman in 1817. It came thence into this vicinity, and, as appears, to Oxford through Douglas, or men from that town.
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ON THE MAANEXIT AT NORTH OXFORD-LOOKING NORTH.
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205
ROCKDALE MILL.
was made and the capacity increased to 3,300 spindles and preparatory machinery, and now produces satinet warps and cotton yarns, exclu- sively, employing 40 hands.
Rockdale Mill. The Oxford Cotton Manufacturing Company was the second legalized concern in Oxford for manufacturing pur- poses.1 On 28 Dec., 1814, the privilege, 16 acres with water-power, was bought of Joseph Stone, it being the upper portion of the Aaron Sibley grist-mill property. On 13 June, 1815, an act was passed incorporating the company, as follows : Charles Cleaveland, Jacob Rich of Charlton, Joseph Stone, William P. Rider of Charlton, Sylvanus Coburn, Jonathan Rice, Benjamin Eddy, Samuel Watson, 2d, of Leicester, Israel Stone, Jr., of Ward, Thaddeus Hall, Sylvester McIntire, Elijah Waters of Millbury, Jeremiah Stone, William Hall of Northbridge and Elijah Rich. Samuel Harris, Benjamin Benson, and Joseph Farnsworth of Millbury were also of the company. Operations began in May, 1814, before the purchase of the estate. Cleaveland was chief manager and during the summer and autumn of 1815 the dam, the factory building and two two-story houses were built. But the limited capital was soon expended, and in a year or two all operations ceased. The losses were serious to many of the stockholders and some absented themselves to avoid arrest for debt. Later, Samuel D., Joseph E. and Charles B. Elliott, brothers, of Leicester, came into possession and continued cotton spinning. In April, 1823, Charles B. Elliott of Oxford and Joseph E. Elliott of Leicester sold their interest to Samuel D. Elliott of Oxford, who con- tinued till Jan., 1825, when he sold to Calvin Leffingwell, Charles Preston and Asa Cutler, previously partners at the present Attawaugan, Conn. They were practical men and began the first power weaving at this locality. In Aug., 1825, Willard Arnold from Providence, who had previously lived in town, bought one-fifth, and in Sept. John Truesdell of Woodstock another fifth of the concern. The next Jan. Thomas W. Chapman of Thompson, Conn., became owner of one-fifth, Arnold at the same time purchasing another fifth. At about this time the concern assumed the name of "The French River Manufacturing Company." In March, 1826, Arnold was agent. The following September Leffingwell sold to Arnold and Cutler. In Jan., 1828, Truesdell bought a part of Chapman's interest, and in 1829 was taxed for one-fourth. Before 1830 a machine shop and several dwellings had been built. One after another the proprietors sold their shares to Arnold, Cutler in Jan., 1830, selling three-eighths and Truesdell all his interest in Nov., 1831, at which time Arnold became sole owner. He died Jan., 1832, and on 1 Oct., following, Ahab Arnold, his father, deeded the estate, "mill of 1,320 spindles,"
1 This enterprise was projected by Abisha Learned and Joseph Stone as early as 1812, and considerable progress had been made in pre- paratory work at Texas Village, then owned by
Learned. For reasons unknown the operations began in 1814 at the present Rockdale Village, and Learned's name does not appear.
206
HISTORY OF OXFORD.
to Col. Samuel Damon of Holden. At same date Damon deeded to Phinehas T. Bartlett and Thomas W. Chapman, and thereafter the business was conducted under the name of "Bartlett, Chapman & Co." until Dec., 1833, when Chapman sold to Damon and Bartlett. 1 This firm continued, making cotton cloths, with Bartlett as agent, until 1 April, 1845, when he sold to Damon and retired. For a time in 1845 Henry A. Naglee was manager, and later George Hobart had charge until 1853, when Col. Damon died. On 18 March, 1853, while under Hobart, the mill was burned. On 20 Aug. Damon's heirs sold to Waterman A. Fisher, who removed the machine shop to the mill-site and began twine making, "E. M. Smith & Co." being the firm name until 1857. In 1859 Fisher was operating the mill on twine.
After Fisher's failure in 1857 the estate passed to his brother Erastus, who in 1864 sold to Edwin Bartlett, "factory, 7 houses and 2 barns." Later the estate was owned by Burrough and Bartlett, and 20 Feb., 1880, was reconveyed to Bartlett, who now, 1890, owns and operates the mill on cotton warps and yarns. Number of spindles, 2,300 ; hands employed, 22; the estimated value of the annual pro- duction in this and the Sigourney mill combined, $125,000.
Acworth Mill. The site of this mill was sold in 1752 by Ebenezer Coburn to William Lamb, and later was owned by Lamb and Joseph Rocket in partnership. In making a division of this property Rocket received the west part and a saw-mill and yard on the river. This he deeded, 30 Aug., 1762, to Benjamin Davis, who in Sept., 1763, conveyed the same to Phinehas Ward. In Jan., 1764, Ward deeded to Ebenezer Learned, Jr., " a saw-mill standing on . . . French river, with the privilege of the dam, and liberty of the waters running in the ditch to the said mill, with a piece of land about half an acre for a mill yard." In April, 1764, Davis and Lamb quitclaimed to Learned as follows :-
" all their right in and to the stream and rocks in the river in Oxford, in the farm they had of Joseph Rocket, and since we have sold all on the west side to Daniel Phillips and to others all on the east side, the river and privi- leges thereof not included, and whereas the said Learned owns a saw-mill on said river and the stones and privileges of the stream will be of advantage to him and as his land joins upon it, etc."
Here for many years, excepting when in the public service, Gen. Learned managed his saw-mill. In June, 1799, he sold 24 acres, including, as supposed, the Phillips house, to Thomas Parker.
In April, 1802, Gen. Learned having died, Sylvanus, his son and executor, sold at auction the saw-mill "near the house of Thomas Parker" to Andrew Sigourney. It later came into the possession of Parker, who in Oct., 1811, deeded the "Phillips place " 76 acres
1 During the ownership of Damon & Bartlett, beginning before May, 1839, Day Harris & Co., and beginning in 1848 and continuing for 18
months, H. G. Otis Taft and Silas S. Taft, his brother, occupied a part of the premises as a thread manufactory.
207
LAMB MILL.
with the saw-mill to Sylvanus Pratt, who built a blacksmith shop with two tilt-hammers and dug the canal from the pond, now in use, and for a time manufactured scythes. In April, 1814, he sold to Abijah Abbott and Jonathan Rice, brother-in-law of Pratt, who con- tinued the making of scythes. Abbott sold 7 April, 1817, to Rice, who continued blacksmithing in its various branches until 1831, and returned to Millbury. On 5 Feb., 1831, Rice sold to Asa Cutler and Joseph Stafford (to Cutler two-thirds), 34 acres of land with water- power and buildings. They at once built on the site of the present mill a stone factory 84 by 37 feet, three stories, for making print cloths. In 1831 Cutler sold one-fourth to George Torrey, his brother- in-law, of Killingly, Conn., who removed hither and was overseer in the mill.
In 1833 Cutler sold to Joseph Rogers of Providence one-fourth, and in 1837 the mill was taken on a five years' lease by Rogers and a partner who continued making print cloths for Providence market. On 20 March, 1839, the mill was partially burned and soon after Cutler came again to town, rebuilt it, and, about 1843, erected the large dwelling house east of the mill, burned in 1883. On 1 Oct., 1839, Cutler and Torrey bought out Stafford, and continued until Nov., 1843, when Torrey retired. On 1 May, 1844, the firm was Cutler & Rogers. On 1 July, 1846, Cutler & Rogers sold each one- eighth to Thomas Moies and Theophilus W. Wilmarth. On 1 April, 1847, Cutler sold another eighth to the same and removed to Putnam, Conn. Moies and Wilmarth continued about ten years, when Moies sold to Rogers and Wilmarth, who under the name of " Protection Mills, Joseph Rogers & Co.," built a new dam and continued until early in 1864, when Rogers sold five-eighths to John Rhodes of Mill- bury, and the firm became Rhodes & Wilmarth. On 1 July, 1870, Wilmarth sold to Rhodes, who became sole owner. The mill was nearly destroyed by fire 22 Sept., 1870, and soon rebuilt in its present condition. The old mill contained 64 looms. The present one, with new machinery, was operated on yarns by Rhodes until 10 May, 1888, when it was purchased by Frank E. Lancaster of Worcester, present owner and occupant. Capacity, 4,000 spindles ; hands em- ployed, 43 ; estimated value of annual production, being yarns and warps, $100,000.
Lamb Mill. At the second 60-acre division of lands among the proprietors, 12 Dec., 1720, John Town drew lot No. 30. On 1 March, 1735, he deeded to Caleb Lamb of Pomfret, Conn., what is supposed to have been the same. Lamb sold, 29 April, 1736, to Jacob Cum- mings "with a saw-mill thereon," undoubtedly built by Lamb. In 1742 Cummings deeded the same to Samuel Baker of Ashford, joiner, who built a grist-mill, and 3 Oct., 1749, sold it with two dwelling houses and 35 acres of land to John and Joseph Edwards. These added clothiers' works and carried on milling and cloth dress- ing. On 30 May, 1760, Joseph Edwards sold the west part to Asa
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208
HISTORY OF OXFORD.
Conant, who continued the clothiers' business, having in his deed " full liberty to carry on clothing business on the east side of the river, where the fulling-mill and shop now stand." In 1765 Edwards deeded to Conant the remaining portion, being 44 acres of land, dwelling, barn and corn-mill. Timothy Sparhawk, son-in-law of Conant, lived near the mill and conducted the business after Conant's decease in 1810, and later Chester Boyden of Ward managed for a time, employing Peleg Foster, and was the last to do cloth dressing at this locality.
In March, 1766, Conant sold the corn-mill, a house, shop and barn and six acres of land, chiefly west of the river, to Jonathan Phillips, reserving the clothier's works. On 21 June, 1769, Phillips deeded the same to Reuben Lamb, who operated the grist-mill (adding also a malt-house) for many years. On 12 Feb., 1812, he sold to his son, Joseph .Lamb, and Stephen Atwood a lot 20 x 26 feet, south of the road, on which to set a shop, with the privilege of water-power, also the "Malt house lot" of six square rods. At about the same time Sparhawk deeded to these land and use of water-power. Lamb and Atwood erected a building and began chair making by machinery, continuing two or three years.
In 1814 Reuben Lamb sold to his son Joseph " one-half the pond room, the benefit of the dam and liberty to take water to the grist- mill, reserving to Atwood one-half the stream and the spot for the chair shop." In 1822 Joseph Lamb sold to his nephew, Cyrus Lamb, the mill property, and soon after opened the tavern on a part of the estate near the mill. In 1824 Atwood, then of Merrimac, N. H., deeded to Cyrus Lamb his rights, thus giving to Cyrus the full owner- ship. He was a millwright, a skillful mechanic and in addition to milling carried on to some extent machine making and repairing, until 7 Jan., 1832, when the mills were burned.1
In 1874 the heirs of Cyrus Lamb sold the privilege, it having then stood unused for over 40 years, to Nathaniel E. Taft, present owner, who built and operated a shoddy mill, and, 1890, enlarged the build- ings and put in machinery, one set, for making satinets, and also added a dyeing establishment. He employs 22 hands, produces 800 yards of satinets per day ; estimated value per annum, $24,000.
Texas Mills. These mills are in the eastern portion of the large estate bought in 1754 by Ebenezer Learned and Edward Davis of the heirs of Robert Thompson, original township grantee. The water- power descended to Gen. Ebenezer Learned and to his son Sylvanus, who in 1803 built here a dam and a saw-mill. In 1810 the estate was bought by Abisha, son of Sylvanus, Joseph Stone having been associated with him in the mill. This saw-mill was operated by
1 He it is said had in his shop nearly completed at the time of the fire a remarkable clock of his own designing, which it was supposed would run for several years with once winding.
In the winter of 1840-1 the dam and a building which stood below it were swept away by high water.
209
TEXAS MILLS.
Learned until his decease in 1854, and afterward by his heirs and later owners, until its removal, its last occupant having been Joseph S. Swain in 1868.
In 1831 Learned built a four-story stone mill 100 by 40 feet, which in May, 1832, he leased to Edward Denny of Oxford and Henry B. Stone of Boston, for making broadcloths.1 On 13 March, 1833, the new mill, three sets of machinery, was burned, but was immediately rebuilt, and the manufacture of broadcloths under the name of the "Denny Manufacturing Company," continued until March, 1836, when Denny retired. Robert Appleton and Montgomery Newell, both of Boston, having bought the lease continued the business until the latter part of 1839, Capt. Stearns De Witt having been their agent, when their operations terminated. Afterward little was done for
several years. In 1841 a company consisting of Abisha Learned, Asa Cutler and George Torrey, "their associates and successors," was incorporated under the name of the " North Oxford Manufactur- ing Company," but no progress seems to have been made under this arrangement. In 1843 a second company was organized consisting of Abisha Learned, who was the principal stockholder, Jasper R. Rand of Westfield, his brother-in-law, and Lucius O. Ackley, with a nominal capital of $30,000. Preparations began in Aug., 1843, and in the spring of 1844 the mill was started on fine cotton goods. On 18 Sept., 1844, Learned conveyed to the company real estate as follows : the stone factory, store, seven dwelling houses and other buildings, with ten acres of land. The capacity of the mill was 60 looms. Rand was treasurer and Ackley agent, the latter continuing as man- ager until 25 Feb., 1847, when he retired and Abisha Learned suc- ceeded him for one year, Joseph Brown, 3d, being supervisor under him. In Feb., 1848, Loren C. Parks, who had been for several years overseer in various departments, bought one-third of the concern and assumed the management, Learned, Rand and Parks then constituting the company. The business continued thus, Parks manufacturing by the yard, until 8 Oct., 1850, when the mill was burned and operations suspended.2
On 1 Dec., 1862, Betsey, widow of Abisha Learned, and Elizabeth R., his daughter, deeded the water-power, saw-mill, nine houses, a store and two stone shops to Chamberlin & Burrough. In 1864 the same went into the possession of Burrough & Bartlett, and in 1870 of O. F. Chase & Co. On 10 Feb., 1882, Oscar F. Chase and Edwin Bartlett conveyed the same to Frederick Thayer, the present owner, who did not immediately occupy. In 1886, after a period of 35 years, business in the village was revived, and a large brick mill erected, which is now, 1890, being operated by Mr. Thayer on
1 This lease describes "a stone factory, 4 pairs of fulling-mills, 2 water-wheels, a stone dry house, a store, blacksmith shop, 3 double tene- ment houses, dwelling occupied by Learned, barn 28
and sheds, and 5 acres of land," Learned retain- ing the saw-mill.
2 The saw-mill was burned in the fall of 1853 and immediately rebuilt.
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210
HISTORY OF OXFORD.
satinets. A considerable addition was made to the mill in 1887 ; present capacity, six sets ; number of hands employed, 140; annual production, 800,000 yards ; estimated value, $240,000.
North Oxford Optical Works. As early as Sept., 1844, Henry M. Paine in a shop near the Texas mill site began the manu- facture of spectacles and philosophical instruments. In 1845 a company was formed under the name of the "North Oxford Optical Works," and with a large outlay for machinery and experimenting, began operations under the management of Phinehas T. Bartlett, who was the principal capitalist. At the close of the year 1846 the company was embarrassed financially, and Mr. Bartlett took the assets and wound up its affairs. Later Francis Clark and son carried on pistol and rifle making, repairing, etc., at this place for a time. Thereafter until 1886 the water-power was unimproved.
Chase Mills, No. 2. These mills, the lowest two at North Oxford, stand on the original home lot of Ebenezer Learned, who as early as 1728, according to tradition, built here a saw-mill, which was operated by himself, his son and grandsons for a hundred years. The last survivor of his grandsons, Jeremiah Learned, died in 1829. In March, 1830, his administrator sold the home farm, 275 acres, with the mill, through a third party, to Sylvester McIntire, who soon conveyed it to Capt. Stephen Barton. On 17 Aug., 1833, Barton deeded to his sons Stephen and David 25 acres of the same, including mill and water-power. The Barton brothers were energetic men, and for several years transacted a large business in lumber. Soon after their purchase they built in the rear of the saw-mill a grist-mill, a part of which was after a short time utilized as a satinet manufactory, they in partnership with Parsons brothers running it on a contract for Sylvanus Holbrook of Northbridge, who stocked the concern, one run of stones being in the meantime operated in the grist-mill. This mill was burned 17 March, 1839. It was at once rebuilt and leased to Royal Chapin of Providence and Orsamus Taft of Uxbridge for cot- ton manufacturing, who occupied in 1849. Later, Waterman A. Fisher was lessee and was occupant 10 March, 1852, when the second mill was burned. The present one, of stone, 108 by 40 feet, three stories, with an L 150 by 28 feet, was soon after erected by Barton brothers, and leased to Mr. Fisher, who continued cotton business until his failure in 1857, William C. Tucker having been superin- tendent until 1855, and Thomas Harrington afterward.
The lower mill was built by Stephen and David Barton in 1848, and leased with the upper one to Fisher. On 22 Jan., 1856, it was burned, and 1 Oct., 1856, Henry D. Stone of Worcester bought the whole estate. The following winter he rebuilt, 80 by 60 feet, two stories, at the lower site, Otis Learned having been the contractor, and the new mill was filled with six sets of new wool machinery. Stone failed soon after, and on 26 July, 1858, his assignees deeded
211
STONE'S MILLS.
the estate, one-half to Henry H. Chamberlin of Worcester, and one- half to Edward H. Tower of Boston and John A. McGaw of Oxford. Business began under the name of Chamberlin, McGaw & Co., the cotton mill with 100 looms being started as soon as practicable. After a few months Tower sold out to Joseph Burrough. The woolen mill was started in the spring of 1859, and on 1 Feb., 1860, McGaw sold to Chamberlin and Burrough. In 1861 the cotton machinery was sold from the upper mill and woolen machinery placed instead, and the mills were operated together on fancy cassimeres.
On 1 Dec., 1864, Chamberlin sold to Burrough and Edwin Bartlett, and the firm became Burrough & Bartlett. This company became the proprietors of the four lower mills at North Oxford and of the Texas Village, so called, and continued cotton and woolen manu- facturing with varied success (E. Harris Howland having been for a time associated with them under the name of the " Huguenot Manu- facturing Company"), until 10 Jan., 1870, when one-third of the property was sold to Oscar F. Chase, and the firm became O. F. Chase & Co. On 19 Sept., 1874, Burrough retired, selling his interest to the company. On 1 March, 1880, Bartlett conveyed his interest in the Huguenot Mills, 100 acres and buildings, to Oscar F. Chase. They were occupied on a lease by Briggs brothers of North Adams until April, 1881, and later, until Dec., 1885, by Haines, Maxwell & Hallowell, who in 1886 were succeeded as lessees by Learned, Howard & Co., Oscar F. Chase being an active member of the firm. In the spring of 1887 this firm dissolved.
John Chase & Sons of Webster now, 1890, own and operate the mills, producing fancy cassimeres. Capacity of both mills, nine sets ; hands employed, 170 ; annual production, 190,000 yards ; estimated value, $370,000.1
Stone's Mills. The water-power near Leicester line was first utilized by Uriah Stone, who purchased in 1754, and built there a dam and a saw-mill. In 1807 Luther, son of Uriah, Jr., in partner- ship with his uncle Samuel, built at the same location a new saw-mill, adding a grist-mill. These they operated together until the decease of Samuel in 1820, after which Luther bought his rights and contin- ued the business until Oct., 1848, when the mills were burned. He then built at a new location a few rods lower on the stream, and con- tinued milling until his decease in 1853, after which the property came into the possession of his grandson, William H. Rice. On 15 April, 1854, Rice deeded to William B. Field and James Shaw of Andover. On 29 Oct., 1859, Field sold to Isaac B. Hartwell " the mill lot" of five acres. Hartwell sold the same 21 Nov., 1863, to William B. Field of Stow, who soon sold one-half to Shaw of Ballard- vale. They, in 1865, removed the grist-mill, erected a small factory and began making flannels. This building was burned 19 April, 1872, and for nearly ten years the place was unoccupied. In 1880-81
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