USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wayland > Official reports of the town of Wayland 1919-1920 > Part 16
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nature and for indugence for a short time that the real value of the service may be known and measured.
Impetigo has been very persistent in both schools this year and is not entirely eliminated at this time. We have been very particular the later weeks in the year to exclude every suspicious case. We have at times, seemed over par- ticular no doubt but the number of cases and the persistency of the affliction in cases seemed to warrant the position taken.
Another result of the study of the ladies of the Center District has brought to the schools the completion of the lunch room in the Center building. A sink has been installed with the necessary plumbing connections. An electric range has has been given the School Department and much equipment for preparing and serving luncheons donated ; also equipment for giving lessons in cookery. We should extend our ap- preciation of these gifts to those who gave and to those who labored for these ends. In behalf of the children I extend to the good citizens who have made these good things possible heartfelt and cordial gratitude. Visitors to the school will find much to make them thankful if the luncheon hour is observed. The children unconsciously speak for themselves. Plans are projected for making the luncheon serving even better than at present.
I refer you to Miss Allison's report for details regarding the cookery classes and the administration of the lunch room. The lunch room is self supporting, service and materials, and also pays for materials used in the cookery classes.
The current school year has seen the organization of a Parent-Teachers Association in the Center District. While anyone in town is eligible to membership in this As- sociation holding meetings in the Center district it has seemed more feasible to those instrumental in founding the Associa- tion to make this particular Branch interest itself in the Cen-
169
ter School, leaving the work of like character to be done by an association in the Cochituate District to the people of this District.
The Parent-Teachers Association should bring teachers and parents into close relationship which will permit the high- est possible grade of study of school problems and yield a maximum understanding of school conditions, needs and pos- sibilities. There are many methods and policies in vogue in different communities that give character to each paritcular school system, all cannot be employed in any one school sys- tem. The process of selection and adaption is a product of close study by the community and school officials.
In studying the administration of our schools it may be well to bring before the people again and again the fact that the geographical conditions of the two school districts is very different, hence the administration of school affairs must vary. The question of luncheon serving in the Center School will seem in all probability to people of the Cochituate Dis- trict unnecessary. An examination of the facts shows that 76% of the Wayland grade children partake of their noon meal at the school and nearly all of the high school pupils are school diners. On the other hand there are only about 11% of the children in the Cochituate School who do not reg- ularly go home for dinner. The school hours vary in the two schools, the sum total of hours schools are in session being the same in both instances. Then again conditions for the maintaining of a sub-primary grade in the Cochit !.; School are feasible and profitable to the children but entirely out of the question in the Center School. There are other diffeences but of minor importance.
It seems therefore a wise plan to have each school serve its particular community in the highest measure possible so long as there is proper balance as to cost and opportunities.
While the people of the Center District have been giving
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their School equipment for cookery and luncheons and have been giving also to the maintenance of the "Teacher's Lodge" the Cochituate people have been raising funds for placing fixtures for electric lights in their school. We hope later on to hold an evening session of school that the building may be open to the public for inspection while the schools are in session and the lights in use. In behalf of the Cochituate children I thank those who have given generously of funds and support to install the lighting fixtures.
The financing of the schools has been a most dffiicult problem the past five years as you, Gentlemen of the Com- mitee, very well know from your study and strugglies with costs, needs, wants, necessities, appropriations and balances. Last year we asked for $21,500. In view of the fact that about everything has doubled in cost during the past seven years in all lines of business it is reasonable to suppose that the school appropriations should advance at about the same rate. You have made note with regret in a way of the fact that there is an overdraft this last fiscal year of about $1200 if all bills had been settled. We should also make note of the fact that we had a balance last year of over $1000. These two items must appear in the grant this year as a regular charge. The present salary schedule if maintained will call for a further increase in the grant of $1600. Hence it.seems that the appropriation for the fiscal year 1921 must be about $4000 over that of the grant for 1920.
The present salary schedule of teachers in Wayland is about that paid first year trained teachers in other municipal- ities. This means then that gradually Wayland will employ the first year girl keep her one or two years, and begin over again. Thus far we have escaped this for the reason that Wayland schools have been attractive on account of the good conditions prevailing in town for school work and the location of the town. It is without doubt within the province of a
171
municipality to determine the type of teacher that is to be em- ployed in its schools. Should Wayland decide to take year after year the beginner and train her there should be no crit- icism of school authorities for so doing. The appropriation determines the type of teacher in a large measure that the Committee man employ. In order to maintain a teaching force of the high type desired by many of our townspeople who have talked with me about the situation it will be nec- essary to make the minimum salary about $1200 and the maximum salary as high as may seem best to the people. This estimate is based upon comparative figures recently com- piled by the State Board of Education in an exhaustive study of the teacher question. I trust you may find it within your province to lay this question before the town vigorously that a decision may be reached.
In view of the general lowering of prices and the busi- ness outlook the question may be raised as to there being some change in the shortage of teachers. I am advised by those who should know if it be possible to know anything of the future that there will be very little change in this respect for two or three years in the numbers entering the field of gram- mar work. Not until the salary question shall have attract- ed larger numbers into our normal schools and not until that number shall have completed the training may we hope to see conditions changed.
Some history student has said that it was more natural for the English American colonies to break away from the Mother Country than the colonies of other European nations, England having given her people greater freedom than had other nations of pre-Revolutionary War days. We need not discuss this here. There is an analogous situation in the school room however that is without doubt true. The Amer- ican home has been giving, during the past few years, and is giving the children great freedom. School room problems
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are greatly changed thereby. The discipline of yesterday no longer works. The autocracy of school control is passed, especially in the upper grammer and high school grades. It is irksome to the students and ineffective. It is not appreci- ated by parents and rarely supported. There is a control however that is democratic and effective, it is the con- trol of school activities akin to that of a well conducted busi- ness, eminating from a strong personality, a trained and efficient educator. To these types should the appeal be made for school teaching through the channels of a lucrative pro- fession if the great institution of Democracy is to endure.
A college education is a costly affair in time and invest- ment. Unless a young man or a young woman who must earn a living after college and perhaps pay back in part the cost of the training can see hope of meeting the expenses of that training and a comfortable living we cannot hope for strong types of men and women in our hig schools.
The Center building needs as you well know outside painting, varnishing of woodwork inside, the replastering of ceiling in room one, one hood, repairs of fixtures to outside doors, several door checks, and minor other repairs. Many parents have realized for some years the need of lights in the inner rooms.
The Cochituate School has seen eleven years of service. Very little has been expended for upkeep during that time. The outside woodwork should be painted as a matter of strict economy and some work done in the basement, made necessary by the flood of last winter. We believe that the flood was caused by a stoppage in the drain that takes the water from cur lot .. . d surrounding lots, augmented by the unprecedented high water. We are watching with much an- viety. however. developments that shall determine what can ho done to ensure the future against a repetition of last year's experience if the diagnosis is not correct.
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The appropriation for making the' Cochituate School grounds in keeping with the attractive building has not been expended. I trust that the town may see fit to allow this sum to be carried over to he credit of the Cochituate School for the purpose of the original grant.
In closing I find pleasure in commending the work of your teachers, janitors and transportation employees. The attitude of the boys and girls of the grades and of the young men and women in the high school is in general of high char- acter. The home should consider more positively that school business is the real business of the student, never for a minute secondary, and should arrange for daily study at home for high school students and insist that it be done.
Respectfully submitted, FRANK H. BENEDICT
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REPORT OF HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL
--
Mr. Frank H. Benedict,
Superintendent of Schools, Wayland, Mass. Dear Mr. Benedict :
I herewith submit to you my third report as Pricipal of the Wayland High School.
The total number of students attending the High School since Sept. 7 1920 is 59. The present enrollment is 53, of which 27 are girls and 26 boys. The four classes are repre- sented as follows: Freshmen 13, Sophomores 16, Juniors 16, and Seniors 8. The 53 students now attending are distribut- ed to the courses offered as follows: College Course 20. Science Couist. 5, and Commercial Course 28.
" As in the past the class work is in the charge of four full time teachers. Miss Brennan is instructing in French and Latin; Miss Caniffe in the Commercial subjects ; Miss Jerauld in English, History and German and I have the work in Science and Mathematics.
Miss Boland meets the students one period Mondays for chorus work. Miss Hosmer is with us Wednesday four periods for drawing. Miss Allison meets four classes of girls three periods each week for instruction in cooking. Be- sides instructing in cooking Miss Allison has charge of the lunch room and is furnishing the students a wholesome, warm lunch at a very reasonable price.
During the year the students have held a number of very
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pleasant dances at the Town Hall and at the Grange Hall in Cochituate. These have been enjoyed by the students and their friends. In the Spring we hope to have other dances. Since the close of the football season I have occasionally granted the request of the students for a social time at the school. After the dismissal of school for the day the boys have cleared the study hall and the room has been used for dancing and games for an hour or two. The students have enjoyed these times very much.
This year the boys have formed teams for base ball and foot ball. In base ball the boys worked hard but were hampered because there was no one to coach them and go with them on some of their trips. In the fall Mr. Robert Stearns took charge of the boys for foot ball work. They turned out well and worked hard. He developed a very good team from his small squad. The foot ball season was a very successful one from the stand point of the good the school received from this sport.
Steps are being taken now to arrange schedules for next year's games and there is some agitation about ice hockey and basket ball. For these sports the only obstacle is a place to play. Ice hockey would require a basin that could be easily flooded and it has been suggested to make such a basin on the play ground of the school. For basket ball a room of good size is required. Some day the school may have a gym- nasium building and then winter athletic sports can be taken care of.
In closing I wish to point out that the Parent-Teacher organization that has been recently formed should receive the support of the parents of the high school students. It seems to me that many of the parents take too little interest in the school and the students. Many of the parents do not know the teachers, who are giving instruction to their children. I think the parents of our high school students should feel
176
enough interest in their children to meet with the teachers occasionally to talk over school problems. The understand- ing that will result from these meetings cannot help having a good influence upon the work of the school.
Respectfully submitted, DAVID J. ALLEN
Wayland, Mass. December 20 1920.
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REPORT OF COOKERY CLASS
Mr. Benedict, Supt. of Schools :
I herewith submit a report of the Cookery Classes and the School Lunches.
The classes in cookery are open to the High School, and the eighth grade of both schools. The number enrolled from the High School is seventeen, and an equal number from the eighth grades making a total of thirty four.
The time requirement for the High School is three per- iods a week, two of which are spent in practical work in the labratory, the third is devoted to recitations and lectures ; the work in the grades is confined to the laboratory period.
The course of study is arranged that the work shall be of pratical rather than theoretical value. An effort is made to have the pupils become skilful in the preparation of a few dishes in preference to preparing once a large number of dishes. It is gratifying to hear reports of dishes prepared for the family because of the results obtained at classes.
The course will include instruction in the following :
Canned fruits and vegetables.
Jelly making.
Cooking fruits and vegetables for the table
White sauce: creamed dishes, cream soups, escalloped dishes.
Proper cooking of cereals.
Quick bread : examples ; muffins, baking powder biscuits. Raised breads.
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Proper cooking of eggs, custard, baked, soft. Cake.
Frosting.
Cooking of meats.
Cooking left overs.
Simple deserts.
The one hour periods have been spent on recitations and lectures on the nutritional requiremets of the body and the foods which meet them, also general information in regard to the production and preservation of foods, and the dis- cussion of prices and computation of costs of recipes.
The pupils have assisted in the preparation of the lunches. The gradual increase in the number of children tak- ing the lunch is quite gratifying in that it shows that the ef- fort to supply a nourishing meal at minimum cost has been ap- preciated. At the beginning of the school year the menu con- sisted of sandwiches, cake, cocoa and milk. We are nov werving " addition to the abn ( one hot disa either a cream soup or a scalloped dish such as macroni and cheese. Candy and fruit have also been added, the candy being selected for its purity and food value. It is planned to serve other sim- ple deserts in place of cake on some days ..
The charge made is just enough to cover the cost of materials ; the overhead expense has not been considered.
COST OF CAKE
2-3 c. butter $.21
1 2-3 c. sugar .082
2 eggs .14
1 1-4 c. milk .05
3 1-4 c. flour .058
6 t B. P. .01
24 servings $.580
Cost of serving .024
Sold for $.03 a serving.
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SANDWICHES Chesse and Pinento
Cheese $.54
Pimento
.22
Bread
.45
30 Sadwiches
$1.21
Cost of one
$.04
Sold for $.05.
TOMATO SOUP
1 qt. Tomato
$.20
2 qts. milk
.28
1 onion .005
1-6 1b. butter
.12
4 t. flour
.01
2 t. salt
14 servings $.615
1 serving
.043
Sold for $.05.
Although the selling price so slightly exceeds the cost price the money obtained from the luncheons and the sale of candy has maintained the cookery classes ; and equipment amounting to eleven dollars has recently been bought.
The short recess allowed at noon has made the problem of providing a suitable luncheon for the teachers a serious one which has been satisfactorily taken care of by the present method of providing luncheons for both teachers and pupils.
Respectfully submitted
J. OLIVE ALLISON
Teacher of Cooking
January 6, 1921.
180
REPORT OF SCHOOL PHYSICIAN
To Frank H. Benedict, Superintendent of Schools of Way- land :
Herewith I have the honor to give you my report as School Physician for the year 1920.
The Schools were never in better condition, physically and mentally, than this year. This is due largely to the ex- cellent organization by the superintendent and committee, and the exceptionally good work done by the teachers in carrying out this organization. In my examinations I have found the pupils improving year by year in every way. In many cases the parents have responded to the notices sent out by the school physician to take their children to the dentist or fam- ily physician. This year, particularly . in Wayland, I have been surprised to see how many of the first graders show evidence of dental work, indicating that the advanced ideas of today on the treatment of the first teeth of children are gaining ground. I wish it was possible for all children to have the same care in regard to their teeth. Some of the grades still show a very undersirable lack of care in that re- spect. All can not, some will not attend to the first teeth of children.
Some of the grades in Cochituate have been quite broken up by the prevalence of whooping cough. Fortunately the epidemic has not been serious. There have been a number of cases of ringworm and impetigo, both highly contagious, that have interfered with the attendance, mostly in Cochit- uate.
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The buildings are both in excellent condition, being un- usually well cleaned and kept so. In all the visits I have made this year I have never found dirt, dust or odors. This shows faithful janitors, and perhaps watchfulness on the part of the Superintendent and teachers.
At the date of writing this Mrs. Mary McNeil is about starting in as a school nurse. She will aid the teachers and the school physician in watching over the health and well be- ing of the pupils. I am expecting a good deal of aid from her in carrying out some parts of the school work that I have never been able to do. For instance; in many cases I send out disease or dental cards where I am sure the parents do not understand, or sometimes they do not read English. The nurse can enter these families and she may be able to explain our wishes so that the children will get results that we wish, but have never been able to obtain.
I have made examination as follows :
Wayland. High School 54 pupils examined Grades 105 puils examined
Cochituate Grade Schools 196 pupils examined
Total number of pupils examined in the whole town 355.
In the whole town I have found 190 pupils who ought now to have dental treatment, or they should have had it in years back. The children are quite free from many of the defects found in larger places. I have found a number of cases of adenoids and diseased tonsils. On the whole, how- ever, I consider the children above the average in physical condition.
Respectfully submitted W. H. SYLVESTER
School Physician
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CHART I
CURRENT REGISTRATION
School
Room
Grade No. in Grade Total
Wayland Center
1
I
10
26
II
16
26
2
III
14
IV
17
31
4
3
V
10
VI
12
22
4
VII
15
VIII
11
26
Total
105
Cochituate
1
Sub-I
32
32
2
I
31
31
3
II
16
III
19
35
4
IV
34
34
5
V
17
VI
16
33
6
VII
16
VIII
19
35
Total
200
High School
Freshmen
16
Sophomores
18
Juniors
17
Seniors
8
Total
59
Grand Total
364
Total in Grades
305
CHART II EYE AND EAR TESTS
Number of children examined 290
183
Number found defective in vision 21
Number found defective in hearing Number of parents notified
5
19
CHART III
Roll of Students Perfect in Attendance 1919-1920 Wayland Grades
Otis Porter
High School
Dorothy Havener
Margaret Leadbetter
Cochituate Grades
Henry F. Perodeau
Lois M. Valentine
Ernest R. Coakley
John F. Yeager
Rose Alma Lizotte
Albert J. Lizotte
Alma V. Spear
Grace E. Morrison
Harlan G. Valentine
Donald Valentine
Evelene A. Perodeau
Arline Perry
Edwina C. Marchand
Bessie Perry
Evelene A. Perodeau
Kenneth Atwell
Thomas Bowles
CHART IV Roll of Graduates Grammar Schools
Sona Veronica Antis Mildred Blanche Buck
Elwin Osborn Clarke
Arthur Charles Dusseault Eunice Veronica Minon Mildred Phylis
Viola Alice Sumpter Thelma Isabel Valentine Mildred Pearl Woodmancy
Mary Frances Dolan
Malcolm Lyon Ide ~~~ Charles Farrah
Arnold Ensor Pond
Harold Arthur Simpson
Willis Maurice Soule
Howard Burton Lyford Jeanne Mildred Poutasse Trueman Lloyd Sanderson
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High School
Esther Frances Commo Marjore Morrell
Martin Alexander Holmes Marjorie Morrell
Ellen Margaret McSweeney George Tatnall
CHART V From the Cencus
Boys over five and under seven years of age 16 Girls over five and under seven years of age 23 39 Boys over seven years of age and under fourteen 99 Girls over seven and under fourteen years of age 87 186
Boys over fourteen and under sixteen years of age 24
Girls over fourteen and under sixteen years of age 29 53 Illiterate minors 0
CHART VI
Name
School
Department
Elected Salary Educated
David J. Allen, Principal
1 ligh
Mathematics-Science
1918
$2100
Brown University
Alice M. Brennan
High
Latin-French
1919
1300
Boston University
Phyllis Jerauld
High
English-History-German
1920
1100
Tufts College
Veronica M. Canniffe
High
Commercial Subjects
1919
1100
Salem Normal
Estella Teeter Bill
Center
Grades VII-VIII
1920
1100
Wilson College
Anne J. Burns
Center
Grades V-VI
1020
1000
Framingham Normal
Alice C. Molloy
Center
Grades III-IV
1919
1000
Lowell Normal
Mabel C. Whitten
Center
Grades I-II
1910
1100
Johnson Normal
185
Mary Kerr, Principal
Cochituate
Grades VII-VIII
1920
1400
Framingham Normal
Margaret B. Fiske
Cochituate
Grades V-VI
1920
1000
Framingham Normal
Sylvia E. Prescott
Cochituate
Grade IV
1911
1100
Quincy Training
Janet M. McNamara
Cochituate Grades II-III
1914
1100
North Adams Training
M. Jane Noel
CochituateGrade I
1916
1050
Framingham Normal
Ethelyn M. Morrill
Cochituate Sub-Primary
1920
1000 Framingham Normal
Agnes E. Boland
Supervisor Music
1904
320
N. E. Conservatory
Florence A. Hosmer
Supervisor
Drawing
1909
546
Mass. Normal Arts
J. Olive Allison
Center
Household Arts
1920
600
Simmons College
BY-LAWS
OF THE
TOWN OF WAYLAND
APRIL 2, 1920
1$9
BY- LAWS OF THE TOWN OF WAYLAND
Article 1. Town Meetings and Notice Thereof
Section 1. In the annual town meeting in which there is precinct boting the matter of election of town officers and the determination of such matters as by law are required to be elected or determined by official ballot shall be in order only on the first Monday of March in each year, and all other bus- iness shall be in order only at a meeting held on the follow- ing Wednesday at 7.45 o'clock in the afternoon.
Section 2. Service of the warrant for every town meet- ing and every annual election shall be made by posting attest- ed copies thereof at the Town Hall, at the voting place in Cochituate, and at each Post Office seven days at least before the time appointed for such meeting.
Article 2. Procedure at Town Meeting
Section 1. All reports of town officers, agents or Com- mittees which are to be considered at any town meeting shall be reduced to writing and a copy thereof deposited with the town clerk before such report is presented for action.
Section 2. All motions shall be reduced to writing if so requested by the presiding officer or any legal voter.
Section 3. Articles in the warrant shall be acted upon in the order in which they stand, unless the meeting shall direct otherwise by a two-thirds vote, provided, however, that bal- loting for town officers and on questions submitted on the official ballot shall always precede the transaction of other business.
Section 4. If an article of the warrant has once been
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