Official reports of the town of Wayland 1919-1920, Part 4

Author: Wayland (Mass.)
Publication date: 1919
Publisher: Printed at the Middlesex Freeman Office
Number of Pages: 522


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wayland > Official reports of the town of Wayland 1919-1920 > Part 4


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100.00


Carles Holbrook Fund


150.00


Jude Damon Fund


100.00


Marshall Russell Fund


100.00


F. C. Hurd Fund


100.00


George Harrington Fund


100.00


A. H. Wellington Fund


-


100.00


A. C. Loker Fund


100.00


Eward Rice Fund


100.00


Bryand and Miller Fund


100.00


Ellen Ricker Fund


100.00


E. A. Wellington Fund


100.00


W. S. Wheeler Fund


100.00


Noyes Morse Fund


100.00


C. E. Miller Fund


50.00


Otis Locker Fund


100.00


W. B. Braman Fund


100.00


Francis Moore Fund


100.00


Edmund Rice Fund


100.00


Ira Underwood Fund


100.00


T. S. Sherman Fund


200.00


*Edward Carter Fund


100.00


*C. C. Ward Fund


100.00



$4,550.00


*Invested in 434% Liberty Bonds (Reg.)


TRIAL BALANCE


Revenue Abatement of Taxes


$5,076.37


$1,170.94


86


1,082.30


Salaries


Fire Dept.


166.33


Police Dept.


481.51


Board of Health


227.96


Inpection of Animals


225.00


Tower Hill Road


95.54


Sidewalk


127.10


Main St.


277.88


Pond Street


1,631.17


Highways


2,219.97


Conduit


7.30


Street Lights


119.22


Tree Warden


124.6S


Poor Dept.


58.53


Incidentals


130.21


Town Houe Repairs


290.19


Education


1,028.55


Vocational School


1.88


Library


40.45


Soldiers Welcome


37.85


Memorial Day


1.91


Moth Dept.


236.38


Soldiers Relief


22.85


Cemetery


265.12


N. and C. Cemeteries


1.12


Lake View Cemetery


1.64


Water Dept.


317.93


Interest


205.45


Cash


2,647.57


Play Ground Notes


3,000.00


Trust Funds Income


789.35


Tax Loans


46,000.00


Highway Notes


6,000.00


School Bonds


15,300.00


Tax 1916


1,007.58


in


Tax 1917


Tax 1918 Tax 1919 Highway Notes Reimbursements Net Debt


7,663.99


18,834.90


31,515.47


6,000.00


24,300.00


$89,815.19 $89,815.19


,


APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1919


Additional credits thereto, and payments therefrom, and balances at end of year Dec. 31, 1919.


Addl.


Apprn.


Credits


Paymts.


Bal.


Aabatement of Taxes


$224.63


$1,395.57


*$1,170.94


Salaries


$3,500.00


99.66


2,517.36


1,082.30


Playground


1,000.00


3,000.00


4,000.00


Fire Dept.


1,500.00


8.77


1,342.44


166.33


Police


1,400.00


630.92


1,549.41


481.51


Board of Health


250.00


293.01


315.05


227.96


Inspection of Animals


75.00


200.00


50.00


225.00


Inspection of Schools


5.00


:


75.00


Tower Hill Road


1,000.00


1,095.54


*95.94


W. Plain Street Sidewalk


700.00


572.90


127.10


Main Street


6,385.19


6,107.31


277.88


Pond Street


1,000.00


2,000.00


1,368.83


1,631.17


Highways


7,000.00


1,100.86


10,420.83


*2,319.97


Sudbury Road Conduit


150.00


142.61


7.39


Street Light


3,000.00


453.19


3,035.97


417.22


Tree Warden


100.00


53.11


28.43


124.68


88


-


Poor Dept.


1,600.00


775.87


2,317.34


58.53


Incidentals


1,400.00


67.00


1,336.69


130.31


Town House Repairs


381.84


91.65


290.19


Education


19,000.00


4,434.73


22,406.18


1,028.55


Vocational School


175.00


176.88


350.00


1.88


Library and Reading Room


1,700.00


853.72


2,513.27


10.45


Soldiers Welcome


200.00


162.15


37.85


Memorial Day


200.00


4.31


202.40


1.91


Moth Dept.


967.98


1,108.11


2,312.47


*236.38


Soldiers' Relief


125.00


328.41


476.26


+22.85


Cemetery Account


368.29


103.17


265.12


North and Center Cemteries


250.00


.12


249.00


1.12


Lake View Cemetery


250.00


1.00


249.36


1 64


Water Dept.


3,043.06


2,725.13


317.93


Sinking Fund


1,408.08


1,408.80


School House Bonds


2,900.00


·


2,900.00


Interest


3,500.00


2,042.96


4,837.51


705.45


Bridge Note


1,000.00


1,000.00


Revenue Account


10,421.37


State Aid


224.00


Removal of Snow


72.60


Insurance and Bonds


694.61


89


Sinking Fund Legal Requirements Overdrafts of 1918


2,182.73


381.18


1,289.88


1,170.94


*Bal. overdrawn.


$5,345.00


5,076.57


90


91


COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS


1918


1919


Taxes Current Year


$35,636.59 $32,870.72


Taxes Prior Years


22,240.64


26,003.65


Corporation Tax


546.05


938.29


National Bank Tax


2,981.10


3,029.66


Dog Licenses


384.56


424.27


Other Licenses


5.00


Town Adminsitration


Rent of Hall


8.00


62.00


Town Scales


9.40


Protection of Life and Property


Court Fines


12.07


Weights and Measures


17.91


23.24


Fire Dept.


14.60


8.77


Moth Dept. (from State)


24.00


21.00


Moth Dept. ( from others)


122.29


229.46


Moth Dept. ( from Tax Collector)


903.46


492.28


Inspector of Animals


75.00


Police


3.87


6.10


Highways


St. R. R. Excise Tax


From State and County


4,322.47


7,100.86


Charities


Poor Dept.


14.75


Other Cities and Towns


214.20


260.03


Income of Poor Trust Funds


178.50


173.95


Soldiers Benefits


State Aid, from State


1,062.00


1,739.00


Burial of Soldier from State


-


$4.00


1


92


Education


Tuition from Sate


440.05


289.25


Tuition from others


18.00


Salaries, from State


625.00


625.00


Income of Trust Funds


8.00


Refunds and Damages


11.47


5.35


Dog Licenses (1-2)


192.28


212.14


State School Fund


1,029.65


962.06


Vocational School from State


225.00


176.88


Income Tax, from State


1,270.00


Library and Reading Room


Dog Licenses (1-2)


192.28


212.13


Treasurer of Library Funds


314.50


568 10


Water Dept.


,2443.54


2,895.66


Cemeteries


Sale of Lots etc.


137.00


117.00


Income from Funds


141.73


189.74


Interest


On Treasurer's Bank Deposit


75.89


45.15


On Taxes


490.78


760.34


Town Indebtedness


Tax Notes


57,500.00


66,000.00


Highway Notes


6,000.00


Playground Notes


3,000.00


Trust Funds


Cemetery Funds Received


600.00


200.00


COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF PAYMENTS


1918


1919


County Tax


3,543.38


2,825.68


State Tax


7,150.00


5,830.00


State Highway Tax


516.20


516.20


93


National Bank Tax


12.46


Town Administration


Moderator (5 years)


50.00


Selectmen, Salaries


325.00


325.00


Selectmen, Incidentals


162.48


219.45


Auditor, Salary


100.00


100.00


Auditor, Incidentals


1


12.59


7.50


Tax Collector, Salary


452.18


372.86


Tax Collector, Incidentals


93.39


32.50


Treasurer's Salary


500.00


250.00


Treasurer's Incidentals


33.76


59.19


Assessors, Salaries


1,180.70


892.50


· Assessors, Incidentals


52.50


25.38


Town Clerk, Salary


100.00


100.00


Town Clerk, Incidentals


144.33


125.54


Election and Registration, Salaries


248.00


277.00


Election and Registration, Incidentals


84.99


63.85


Insurance and Bonds


711.18


694.61


Town House and Clocks


317.18


226.60


Miscellaneous Incidentals


498.93


570.68


Town House, Repairs


218.16


91.65


Legal Requirements


381.18


Overseers of Poor, Salaries


150.00


150.00


Weights and Measures, Salary


50.00


50.00


Weights and Measures, Incidentals


6.00


Protection of Life and Property


Police


1,414.43


1,549.41


Fire Department


1,852.98


1,342.44


Fire Dept., Repairs


151.52


Weights and Measures


23.99


23.27


Moth Dept.


1,866.11


2,312.47


Tree Warden


122.26


28.43


Board of Health


338.42


315.05


94


Inspection of Animals


100.00


50.00


Inspection of Schools


75.00


75.00


Highways


Street Repairs etc.


6,897.14


10,420.83


Snow Removal


514.33


72.60


Pond Stret


4,489.39


1,368.83


Main Street


6,107.31


Tower Hill Road


1,095.54


Sudbury Road Conduit


142.61


West Plain St., Sidewalk


572.90


Street Lighting


3,198.28


3,035.97


Charities


Poor Dept.


1,815.33


2,317.34


Income of Poor Trust Funds


142.75


Soldiers Benefits


State Aid


1,787.00


24.00


Soldiers Relief


160.00


476.26


Soldiers Welcome


162.15


Education


School Committee Salaries


270.00


160.00


Teachers Salaries


11,023.83


12,631.30


Janitors Salaries


1,099.96


1,421.73


Supplies


884.10


930.04


Transportation


3,265.75


3,847.86


Superintendent


1,008.32


1,000.00


Repairs


674.70


474.54


Incidentals


426.83


365.76


Fuel and Light


1,100.34


1,574.95


Vocational School


352.50


350.00


Library and Reading Room


Payments by Town Treasurer


2,198.59


2,513.27


Memorial Day


195.00


202.40


95


Water Departmer .:


2,395.06


2,725.13


Cemeteries


Labor and Maintenance


525.00


601.53


Income of Trust Funds


122.74


124.28


Interest


On Tax Notes


1,448.19


3,190.01


On Town Bonds


1,680.00


840.00


On Highway Notes


163.67


On School House Bonds


620.00


560.00


On School House Bonds, Equipment


196.00


140.00


On Library Funds


110.00


110.00


On Bridge Notes


80.00


40.00


On Playground Notes


67.50


Sinking Fund


1,408.80


1,408.80


Town Indebtedness


Tax Notes Paid


55,000.00


62,500.00


Highway Notes Paid


3,500.00


School House Bonds Paid


1,500.00


1,500.00


School House Equipment Bonds Paid


1,400.00


1,400.00


Bridge Note Paid


1,000.00


1,000.00


Town Bonds Paid


42,000.00


Trust Funds


Cemetery Funds Invested


600.00


200.00


FRANK E. YEAGER,


Treasurer


ANNUAL REPORT OF THE


SCHOOL COMMITTEE AND THE


SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS


OF THE


PO


RATED


N


LA


ND


1635.


EAST SUDBURY


FOUNDED


178


18


TOWN OF WAYLAND


FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31. 1919


NATICK, MASS. PRESS OF THE NATICK BULLETIN 1920


$


98


SCHOOL COMMITTEE


LLEWELLYN MILLS, WAYLAND Term Expires 1030


RICHARD AMES, WAYLAND Term Expires 1021


EPNEST E. SPARKS, COCHITUATE Term Expires 1922


ORGANIZATION


Committee ERNEST E. SPARKS, Chairman RICHARD AMIES, Secretary


Superintendent FRANK H. BENEDICT, Cochituate Attendance Officers HENRY G. DUDLEY, Cochituate JAMES LINNEHAN, Wayland


School Physician W. H. SYLVESTER, M. D. Natick


99


REPORT OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE


To The Citizens of Wayland :


Your Committee submits herewith its report and that of the Superintendent, the School Physician and the Principal of the High School.


The most serious problem for! this school, and for every public school during the past year, has been to secure and retain teachers with the right qualifications. By substan- tially increasing salaries the Committee has been reasonably successful in meeting the situation.


Another factor that has helped solve the problem has been the establishment in Wayland Center of a boarding house for the teachers at which board and lodging could be obtained at as near cost as possible. The need for such a place became apparent last spring when several teachers were being deterred from coming to the school because of the diffi- culty of finding a suitable or indeed any place at all to live. The Bennett house in the center of Wayland village secmed best adapted to the purpose because of its location and the fact that it could be rented partly furnished. It was accord- ingly rented by private individuals who also furnished the coal needed for the year. The necessary furniture beyond that which came with the house was provided by the kindness of Mrs. H. C. Wells. A housekkeeper has been engaged with the expectation that her salary and the running expenses, apart from the rent and fuel, will be taken care of by the board paid. It is hoped that this home for the teachers may be


100


placed upon a permanent basis, as it is of great value not only in attracting teachers to Wayland, but in making them more contented when here and thus indirectly increasing their effi- ciency in the school room.


Again it is necessary to emphasize the need of liberality in the matter of salaries. Fewer and fewer persons are en- tering the teaching profession, and of those already in it many are leaving to take up other lines of work offering higher com- pensation. During the past year the enrollment in normal schools in the United States has been approximately only one third of what it was four years ago, and last year alone out of 650,000 teachers, 143,000 left the profession. It is only the towns that are willing to face this situation and pay what good teaching is worth, which are going to keep or get the kind of teachers worthy of the difficult and responsible task entrusted to them.


ERNEST E. SPARKS, Chairman RICHARD AMES, Secretary LLEWELLYN MILLS


Wayland School Committee


101


FINANCIAL STATEMENT


1919


EXPENDITURES


· SALARIES


لا حد


School Committee


Llewllyn Mills


$50.00


Richard Ames


60.00


Ernest E. Sparks


50.00


$160.00


Teachers


David J. Allen


$1,873.75


Ruth L. Ranger


500.00


Lillian L. Decatur


380.00


Gladys MacMillan


850.00


M. Helena Lyons


425.00


Veronica M. Caniffe


360.00


Ethel M. Hamilton


342.00


Estella Teeter Bill


114.00


Helen Thissell


296.03


Mildred A. Winslow


391.00


Alice C. Molloy


296.03


Helen C. O'Hare


723.88


Mabel C. Whitten


741.38


Russell E. Tupper


1,140.63


Jane E. Oakes


692.03


Sylvia E. Prescott


741.38


102


Janet M. McNamara


729.88


Jane Noel


687.03


Gladys Cann


607.28


Agnes E. Boland


254.00


Marjorie A. Blanchard


300.00


Florence A. Hosmer


1


186.00


$12,631.30


Superintedent


Frank H. Benedict


$1,000.00


$1,000.00


Janitors


Thomas Metcalf


$756.00


James Metcalf


15.75


Henry G. Dudley


649.98


$1,421.73


Transportation


Alexander Sauer


$1,578.00


Harry Carter


360.00


Ralph N. Yetton


420.00


Mrs. Flora M. Yetton


390.00


Alexander W. Holmes


468.00


Frank Bigwood & Son


304.25


Middlesex and Boston Street Rail-


way Company


323.55


Estella Teetoer Bill


4.06


$3,847.86


Supplies


H. I. Dallman Company


$31.17


Silver, Burdett & Company


47.38


D. C. Heath & Company


38.69


J. L. Hammett Company


195.47


American Book Company


58.56


103


Joseph L. Drew & Company


10.14


Chandler & Barber Company


6.75


The Macmillan Company


37.36


Funk & Wagnalls Company


9.24


Edward E. Babb & Company


256.87


Cambridge Botanical Supply Co.


88.89


The Office Appliance Company


4.08


C. C. Birchard Company


4.28


Oliver Ditson Company


4.83


Ward's


3.00


Ginn & Company


51.24


F. J. Barnard Company


42.64


Benj. H. Sanborn Company


12.49


Allyn and Bacon


19.11


Wright and Potter


2.85


Remington Typewriter Company


5.00


$930.04


Fuel-Light-Power


Dexter & Carpenter Inc.


$331.98


Boston & Maine R. R.


388.76


A. W. Atwood


88.88


William A. Jepson Corporation


495.20


Boston & Albany R. R.


159.14


L. A. Brown


41.25


Ralph N. Yetton


8.00


M. A. Loker


7.00


The Edison Electric Illuminating


Company of Boston


54.74


$1,574.95


Repairs


T. Weld Frost


$4.65


C. H. Batchelder Company


1.35


Remington Typewriter Co.


15.86


104


D. W. Richardson


171%


Llewellyn Mills


4. 5.


The Fiske Corporation M. Shain Edward Lareau


422.00


3.00


6.00


$17.1.54


Incidentals


Burdett & Williams


$2.50


Howe & Company


3.87


Lynch & Woodward


26.73


Napoleon Perodeau


2.28


N. E. Tel. and Tel. Company


23.25


D. W. Richardson


3.62


The Wayland Water Board


30.00


The Suburban Press


40.00


A. W. Atwood


39.63


Thomas Metcalf


2.31


The Fiske Corporation


46.35


G. F. Marston


2.08


Geo. T. Johnson Company


17.00


The Prudential Trust Company


16.10


Marjorie A. Blanchard


1.50


Agnes E. Boland


14.00


D. J. Allen


1.30


Frank H. Benedict


59.24


Estella Teeter Bill


11.02


Russell E. Tupper


1.00


E. W. Jennison


.63


Cochituate Grange


10.00


Colby & Company


2.40


India Alkali Works


6.15


H. W. Flagg


2.50


$305.56


105


RECEIPTS


Town Grant


$19,000.00


1-2 Dog Fund


212.14


Income Mass. School Fund, 1918


1,029.65


Income Mass. School Fund, 1919


962.06


Tuition, State Wards


289.25


State, Account of Superintendent 625.00


Balance, 1918 41.28


Mrs. G. D. Richert, Tel. Rebate


2.70


John Foley, Damaged Book 1.00


F. H. Benedict, Arts-Crafts Class Paper


1.65


Portion of the Income Tax


1,270.00


$23,434.73


RECAPITULATION


School Committee


$160.00


Salaries of Teachers


12,631.30


Salary of Superintendent


1,000.00


Salary of Janitors


1,421.73


Transportation


3,847.86


Supplies


930.04


Fuel-Light-Power


1,574.95


Repairs


474.54


Incidentals


365.76


Balance


$22,406.18


$1,028.55


The passage of an Act by the last General Court pro- viding for a distribution of a portion of the Income Tax, the distribution determined by the salaries paid teachers for the school year ending June 30, 1919, accounts for the large bal- ance.


Coal was purchased in April at a great saving to the.


106


town in view of later prices. We have a considerable num- ber of tons on hand in excess of the amount at this time last year.


ACCOUNT OF INCOME OF THE MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL FUND


Receipts


Massachusetts School Fund, 1918 $1,029.65


Massachusetts School Fund, 1919 962.06


$1,991.71 -„¢91.71


Expenditures


MEDICAL INSPECTION


Receipts


1


Town Grant


$75.00


Expenditures


Paid W. H. Sylvester, M. D.


75.00


.


107


REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS


To the School Committee of the Town of Wayland,


Gentlemen :


The twenty-third Annual Report of the Superintendent of Schools is respectfully submitted. It is my tenth report.


Out of the intensive recent studies men have made of our educational institutions and our future national and in- dividual educational needs there are two proclamations by not- ed educators from which quotations have been taken and used in this report. Certain ideals and principles involved in the college training of young men and young women are very potently stated. These ideals and principles are embodied in both the elementary and secondary school work in but a slight- ly less degree.


From an article in the October World's Work by Pres. A. Lawrence Lowell, Harvard University, the following quo- tations are taken :


"Education in a democracy may be regarded from two points of view : the welfare of the comunity as a whole, and the welfare of the individuals of whom it is composed. These two ought in the main to coincide, and must do so if the hopes of democracy are to be realized. It is not difficult to show that this is the case in respect to education. The welfare of the community requires the best equipped men that it can procure : men who will place at its disposal in the largest measure the


108


resources of nature, or the arts, of the manifold benefits ac- quired by the slow progress of civilization ; men whose minds are trained to see clearly and think straight; men of wide knowledge and interests, with a broad and kindly outlook upon life and its problems.


"Without academic instruction these qualities may be derived in part from natural capacity, and they may be culti- vated by contact with men and affairs; but systematic edu- cation is able to produce them more rapidly and effectively, and if it does not do so has failed of its end.


"The welfare of the individual boy or girl lies in the same direction. It can be attained completely only by a full developement of their natural faculties; and since these vary greatly in different children, and all of them ought to have an opportunity to make the utmost of themselves, the means of education must not be uniform. The dull ought not to be neglected for the more capable, nor the more gifted held back for the slower progress of others.


"The college should aim to promote intellectual persis- tence, moral character, and a sense of responsibility both for the sake of the student's own growth and for the benefit of the community about him.


"The experience of the war has shown that college men possess a resourcefulness which has enabled them to serve effectively in military and civil positions wholly different from the life to which they have been accustomed. This is the time to raise the level of undergraduate achievement and to make college life as serious and stimulating as it should and can be made."


It is within the bounds of conservatism to say that never before has an academic education been considered of greater value than today. As we review the past we may do so with complacency and satisfaction not alone in the things the coll-


109


ege has done for men and women but in the excellent found- ation laid for college work by the secondary and elementary schools, both public and private. In our retrospection we must be mindful of that vast number of men and women who have not taken full academic courses because of circum- stances beyond their control or because of natural ability and tendencies drawing them into other lines of business who have learned to do the world's great work at the bench and in the shop and on the farm. The elementary school has given them the beginnings of an education and they have obtained the remainder of their trainning through contact with men and affairs, in trade schools, vocational schools, evening schools, through correspondence schools, and the floods of literature in every community library and home. Thus has educatio i bee i taking on a new significance the while we have been working academically.


To-day we need to examine critically our school work to see wherein we are falling short of the great demands made upon us and the greater ones that the future will inevitably bring to the public schools. Are the plans for the future broad and big and benevolent? In what things have we failed in the past? How far short are we in the accomplishment of those things we have earnestly sought to do?


We have failed in a great measure to do the work of Americanizing all those who have come to our shores from foreign lands. We have said "Come." They have come. And then we have left them alone to dream and to long for the land afar; to magnify its joys and to minimize its sorrows and to magnify their disappointment in the land of promise if theirs has been the lot of exploitation of human energy. This great work so long delinquent as to our adult foreign citizenship is for the future educational leaders and workers to perfect. The past with its errors of thoughtless- ness lies behind us; the pregnant future with its hope and possibility is all before us. Already Massachusetts is leading


110


in this work with a Department of Americanization busily engaged in the prosecution of this vital project.


Not only have we failed to Americanize all those who have come to us from other countries but we have failed to Americanize all of our own natural born citizens. Special privileges and semi class legislation have been part of our free governmental institution so that some have been op- pressed and others depressed at the partial failure of the doctrine of equal rights. The Americanization movement recognizes not alone the foreign born who do not know and understand and appreciate the ideal democracy but reaches out to our own who have failed to comprehend the ideal and so have helped to make the real democracy fall short of the ideal.


Let me repeat a few words of Dr. Lowell, "The college should aim to promote intellectual persistence, moral charac- ter, and a sense of responsibilty for the sake of the student's own growth and for the benefit of the community about him."


This should be the aim of the secondary and elementary schools and the home. The home should demand that the schools give the instruction that will develope these traits ; the home should demand of itself training that will lay the foundation for such school training. The easier path is the road of indulgence, a course of procedure which does not de- velop either muscular or intellectual fibre. Intellectual and manual skill come only through self sacrifice. Our minds and bodies must know the weariness of toil to know the joy of accomplishment. Skill of hands and keenness of mind come not in capsules neither are they passed to us on a serving tray nicely wrapped in oiled paper.


The strong teacher is a kind but hard task master. The powerful school is the joyful but stern institution whose doors say to all, "Those who enter here must leave strengthened through their own personal effort. The golden touch of in-


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fluence is here; the tools for labor are here; directors and directions are here ; the sunlight of centuries of human achieve- ment are here; but the individual must bring with him per- sonal determination and a desire to master himself."


Have not schools and homes been lacking in some measure in these important characteristics ?


Our examination of the schools of the past and in great measure of those of to-day proves to us that we have sought and are still seeking to make men and women intellectually perfect but have neglected the developement of the perfect physique. The future school must attend to physical develop- ment as well as intellectual growth.


The value of healthy vigorous dynamic bodies is appre- 'ciated as · never before.' A health campaign is launched through visiting nurses, dental clinics, school physicians, and a State Director of Physical Education. Dietetic courses are offered in all household departments. The purpose ? That disease may be prevented through the natural resistance of the body. That your home and my home may be safe from infection because all the homes of the community are occupied by people intelligent as to the laws of health and vigorous as to the resisting diesase germs. The purpose? That in the end a citizenship may be produced in the coming generations that shall possess nerve, brain, and muscle of such vigor and tenacity that the maximum of skill and endurance shall prevail quite generally.


Then shall there be joy in living and delving to make our national and home life like unto the dreams of our nation- al forbears.


Dr. Lowell mentions in the section of his article quoted in this report that children vary greatly in their natural faculties ; that all should have the opportunity to make the utmost of


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themselves ; that the dull should not be neglected or the more gifted held back.


Teachers realize keenly the great differences in children even in the· same home as to intellectual power, physical condi- tion, and natural tendencies, likes and dislikes, disposition. We also realize great differences in children from different homes in the experiences of life. The method of handling children at home in the matter of discipline and control, habit forming instruction, and all that goes to make for strength of character varies greatly in homes. So that children come to the school equipped most variedly at the same age. We real- ize that no system of instruction fits all children. A system of reading closely adhered to may make one child an excellent reader and another child a dullard.


So I face the "dull child" phrase skittishly and as I peer to make out what it means I behold a phantom shape take form and I see the several hundreds of occupations open to men and women whereby to make a living and to gain the joy and satisfaction of having contributed their share to the world's production for man, his wants and his entertainment. The occupations of man are varied. Man in his tendencies and desires to do that work is a wonderful being of likes and dis- likes. Are there any dull children, dull young men, and young women? If so shall we classify them as mental de- fectives or as beings who if given their opportunity in the educational world will know how to do some kinds of work far better than many who are rated more intellectual.




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