USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wayland > Official reports of the town of Wayland 1919-1920 > Part 4
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100.00
Carles Holbrook Fund
150.00
Jude Damon Fund
100.00
Marshall Russell Fund
100.00
F. C. Hurd Fund
100.00
George Harrington Fund
100.00
A. H. Wellington Fund
-
100.00
A. C. Loker Fund
100.00
Eward Rice Fund
100.00
Bryand and Miller Fund
100.00
Ellen Ricker Fund
100.00
E. A. Wellington Fund
100.00
W. S. Wheeler Fund
100.00
Noyes Morse Fund
100.00
C. E. Miller Fund
50.00
Otis Locker Fund
100.00
W. B. Braman Fund
100.00
Francis Moore Fund
100.00
Edmund Rice Fund
100.00
Ira Underwood Fund
100.00
T. S. Sherman Fund
200.00
*Edward Carter Fund
100.00
*C. C. Ward Fund
100.00
₹
$4,550.00
*Invested in 434% Liberty Bonds (Reg.)
TRIAL BALANCE
Revenue Abatement of Taxes
$5,076.37
$1,170.94
86
1,082.30
Salaries
Fire Dept.
166.33
Police Dept.
481.51
Board of Health
227.96
Inpection of Animals
225.00
Tower Hill Road
95.54
Sidewalk
127.10
Main St.
277.88
Pond Street
1,631.17
Highways
2,219.97
Conduit
7.30
Street Lights
119.22
Tree Warden
124.6S
Poor Dept.
58.53
Incidentals
130.21
Town Houe Repairs
290.19
Education
1,028.55
Vocational School
1.88
Library
40.45
Soldiers Welcome
37.85
Memorial Day
1.91
Moth Dept.
236.38
Soldiers Relief
22.85
Cemetery
265.12
N. and C. Cemeteries
1.12
Lake View Cemetery
1.64
Water Dept.
317.93
Interest
205.45
Cash
2,647.57
Play Ground Notes
3,000.00
Trust Funds Income
789.35
Tax Loans
46,000.00
Highway Notes
6,000.00
School Bonds
15,300.00
Tax 1916
1,007.58
in
Tax 1917
Tax 1918 Tax 1919 Highway Notes Reimbursements Net Debt
7,663.99
18,834.90
31,515.47
6,000.00
24,300.00
$89,815.19 $89,815.19
,
APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1919
Additional credits thereto, and payments therefrom, and balances at end of year Dec. 31, 1919.
Addl.
Apprn.
Credits
Paymts.
Bal.
Aabatement of Taxes
$224.63
$1,395.57
*$1,170.94
Salaries
$3,500.00
99.66
2,517.36
1,082.30
Playground
1,000.00
3,000.00
4,000.00
Fire Dept.
1,500.00
8.77
1,342.44
166.33
Police
1,400.00
630.92
1,549.41
481.51
Board of Health
250.00
293.01
315.05
227.96
Inspection of Animals
75.00
200.00
50.00
225.00
Inspection of Schools
5.00
:
75.00
Tower Hill Road
1,000.00
1,095.54
*95.94
W. Plain Street Sidewalk
700.00
572.90
127.10
Main Street
6,385.19
6,107.31
277.88
Pond Street
1,000.00
2,000.00
1,368.83
1,631.17
Highways
7,000.00
1,100.86
10,420.83
*2,319.97
Sudbury Road Conduit
150.00
142.61
7.39
Street Light
3,000.00
453.19
3,035.97
417.22
Tree Warden
100.00
53.11
28.43
124.68
88
-
Poor Dept.
1,600.00
775.87
2,317.34
58.53
Incidentals
1,400.00
67.00
1,336.69
130.31
Town House Repairs
381.84
91.65
290.19
Education
19,000.00
4,434.73
22,406.18
1,028.55
Vocational School
175.00
176.88
350.00
1.88
Library and Reading Room
1,700.00
853.72
2,513.27
10.45
Soldiers Welcome
200.00
162.15
37.85
Memorial Day
200.00
4.31
202.40
1.91
Moth Dept.
967.98
1,108.11
2,312.47
*236.38
Soldiers' Relief
125.00
328.41
476.26
+22.85
Cemetery Account
368.29
103.17
265.12
North and Center Cemteries
250.00
.12
249.00
1.12
Lake View Cemetery
250.00
1.00
249.36
1 64
Water Dept.
3,043.06
2,725.13
317.93
Sinking Fund
1,408.08
1,408.80
School House Bonds
2,900.00
·
2,900.00
Interest
3,500.00
2,042.96
4,837.51
705.45
Bridge Note
1,000.00
1,000.00
Revenue Account
10,421.37
State Aid
224.00
Removal of Snow
72.60
Insurance and Bonds
694.61
89
Sinking Fund Legal Requirements Overdrafts of 1918
2,182.73
381.18
1,289.88
1,170.94
*Bal. overdrawn.
$5,345.00
5,076.57
90
91
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS
1918
1919
Taxes Current Year
$35,636.59 $32,870.72
Taxes Prior Years
22,240.64
26,003.65
Corporation Tax
546.05
938.29
National Bank Tax
2,981.10
3,029.66
Dog Licenses
384.56
424.27
Other Licenses
5.00
Town Adminsitration
Rent of Hall
8.00
62.00
Town Scales
9.40
Protection of Life and Property
Court Fines
12.07
Weights and Measures
17.91
23.24
Fire Dept.
14.60
8.77
Moth Dept. (from State)
24.00
21.00
Moth Dept. ( from others)
122.29
229.46
Moth Dept. ( from Tax Collector)
903.46
492.28
Inspector of Animals
75.00
Police
3.87
6.10
Highways
St. R. R. Excise Tax
From State and County
4,322.47
7,100.86
Charities
Poor Dept.
14.75
Other Cities and Towns
214.20
260.03
Income of Poor Trust Funds
178.50
173.95
Soldiers Benefits
State Aid, from State
1,062.00
1,739.00
Burial of Soldier from State
-
$4.00
1
92
Education
Tuition from Sate
440.05
289.25
Tuition from others
18.00
Salaries, from State
625.00
625.00
Income of Trust Funds
8.00
Refunds and Damages
11.47
5.35
Dog Licenses (1-2)
192.28
212.14
State School Fund
1,029.65
962.06
Vocational School from State
225.00
176.88
Income Tax, from State
1,270.00
Library and Reading Room
Dog Licenses (1-2)
192.28
212.13
Treasurer of Library Funds
314.50
568 10
Water Dept.
,2443.54
2,895.66
Cemeteries
Sale of Lots etc.
137.00
117.00
Income from Funds
141.73
189.74
Interest
On Treasurer's Bank Deposit
75.89
45.15
On Taxes
490.78
760.34
Town Indebtedness
Tax Notes
57,500.00
66,000.00
Highway Notes
6,000.00
Playground Notes
3,000.00
Trust Funds
Cemetery Funds Received
600.00
200.00
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF PAYMENTS
1918
1919
County Tax
3,543.38
2,825.68
State Tax
7,150.00
5,830.00
State Highway Tax
516.20
516.20
93
National Bank Tax
12.46
Town Administration
Moderator (5 years)
50.00
Selectmen, Salaries
325.00
325.00
Selectmen, Incidentals
162.48
219.45
Auditor, Salary
100.00
100.00
Auditor, Incidentals
1
12.59
7.50
Tax Collector, Salary
452.18
372.86
Tax Collector, Incidentals
93.39
32.50
Treasurer's Salary
500.00
250.00
Treasurer's Incidentals
33.76
59.19
Assessors, Salaries
1,180.70
892.50
· Assessors, Incidentals
52.50
25.38
Town Clerk, Salary
100.00
100.00
Town Clerk, Incidentals
144.33
125.54
Election and Registration, Salaries
248.00
277.00
Election and Registration, Incidentals
84.99
63.85
Insurance and Bonds
711.18
694.61
Town House and Clocks
317.18
226.60
Miscellaneous Incidentals
498.93
570.68
Town House, Repairs
218.16
91.65
Legal Requirements
381.18
Overseers of Poor, Salaries
150.00
150.00
Weights and Measures, Salary
50.00
50.00
Weights and Measures, Incidentals
6.00
Protection of Life and Property
Police
1,414.43
1,549.41
Fire Department
1,852.98
1,342.44
Fire Dept., Repairs
151.52
Weights and Measures
23.99
23.27
Moth Dept.
1,866.11
2,312.47
Tree Warden
122.26
28.43
Board of Health
338.42
315.05
94
Inspection of Animals
100.00
50.00
Inspection of Schools
75.00
75.00
Highways
Street Repairs etc.
6,897.14
10,420.83
Snow Removal
514.33
72.60
Pond Stret
4,489.39
1,368.83
Main Street
6,107.31
Tower Hill Road
1,095.54
Sudbury Road Conduit
142.61
West Plain St., Sidewalk
572.90
Street Lighting
3,198.28
3,035.97
Charities
Poor Dept.
1,815.33
2,317.34
Income of Poor Trust Funds
142.75
Soldiers Benefits
State Aid
1,787.00
24.00
Soldiers Relief
160.00
476.26
Soldiers Welcome
162.15
Education
School Committee Salaries
270.00
160.00
Teachers Salaries
11,023.83
12,631.30
Janitors Salaries
1,099.96
1,421.73
Supplies
884.10
930.04
Transportation
3,265.75
3,847.86
Superintendent
1,008.32
1,000.00
Repairs
674.70
474.54
Incidentals
426.83
365.76
Fuel and Light
1,100.34
1,574.95
Vocational School
352.50
350.00
Library and Reading Room
Payments by Town Treasurer
2,198.59
2,513.27
Memorial Day
195.00
202.40
95
Water Departmer .:
2,395.06
2,725.13
Cemeteries
Labor and Maintenance
525.00
601.53
Income of Trust Funds
122.74
124.28
Interest
On Tax Notes
1,448.19
3,190.01
On Town Bonds
1,680.00
840.00
On Highway Notes
163.67
On School House Bonds
620.00
560.00
On School House Bonds, Equipment
196.00
140.00
On Library Funds
110.00
110.00
On Bridge Notes
80.00
40.00
On Playground Notes
67.50
Sinking Fund
1,408.80
1,408.80
Town Indebtedness
Tax Notes Paid
55,000.00
62,500.00
Highway Notes Paid
3,500.00
School House Bonds Paid
1,500.00
1,500.00
School House Equipment Bonds Paid
1,400.00
1,400.00
Bridge Note Paid
1,000.00
1,000.00
Town Bonds Paid
42,000.00
Trust Funds
Cemetery Funds Invested
600.00
200.00
FRANK E. YEAGER,
Treasurer
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE AND THE
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
OF THE
PO
RATED
N
LA
ND
1635.
EAST SUDBURY
FOUNDED
178
18
TOWN OF WAYLAND
FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31. 1919
NATICK, MASS. PRESS OF THE NATICK BULLETIN 1920
$
98
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
LLEWELLYN MILLS, WAYLAND Term Expires 1030
RICHARD AMES, WAYLAND Term Expires 1021
EPNEST E. SPARKS, COCHITUATE Term Expires 1922
ORGANIZATION
Committee ERNEST E. SPARKS, Chairman RICHARD AMIES, Secretary
Superintendent FRANK H. BENEDICT, Cochituate Attendance Officers HENRY G. DUDLEY, Cochituate JAMES LINNEHAN, Wayland
School Physician W. H. SYLVESTER, M. D. Natick
99
REPORT OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE
To The Citizens of Wayland :
Your Committee submits herewith its report and that of the Superintendent, the School Physician and the Principal of the High School.
The most serious problem for! this school, and for every public school during the past year, has been to secure and retain teachers with the right qualifications. By substan- tially increasing salaries the Committee has been reasonably successful in meeting the situation.
Another factor that has helped solve the problem has been the establishment in Wayland Center of a boarding house for the teachers at which board and lodging could be obtained at as near cost as possible. The need for such a place became apparent last spring when several teachers were being deterred from coming to the school because of the diffi- culty of finding a suitable or indeed any place at all to live. The Bennett house in the center of Wayland village secmed best adapted to the purpose because of its location and the fact that it could be rented partly furnished. It was accord- ingly rented by private individuals who also furnished the coal needed for the year. The necessary furniture beyond that which came with the house was provided by the kindness of Mrs. H. C. Wells. A housekkeeper has been engaged with the expectation that her salary and the running expenses, apart from the rent and fuel, will be taken care of by the board paid. It is hoped that this home for the teachers may be
100
placed upon a permanent basis, as it is of great value not only in attracting teachers to Wayland, but in making them more contented when here and thus indirectly increasing their effi- ciency in the school room.
Again it is necessary to emphasize the need of liberality in the matter of salaries. Fewer and fewer persons are en- tering the teaching profession, and of those already in it many are leaving to take up other lines of work offering higher com- pensation. During the past year the enrollment in normal schools in the United States has been approximately only one third of what it was four years ago, and last year alone out of 650,000 teachers, 143,000 left the profession. It is only the towns that are willing to face this situation and pay what good teaching is worth, which are going to keep or get the kind of teachers worthy of the difficult and responsible task entrusted to them.
ERNEST E. SPARKS, Chairman RICHARD AMES, Secretary LLEWELLYN MILLS
Wayland School Committee
101
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
1919
EXPENDITURES
· SALARIES
لا حد
School Committee
Llewllyn Mills
$50.00
Richard Ames
60.00
Ernest E. Sparks
50.00
$160.00
Teachers
David J. Allen
$1,873.75
Ruth L. Ranger
500.00
Lillian L. Decatur
380.00
Gladys MacMillan
850.00
M. Helena Lyons
425.00
Veronica M. Caniffe
360.00
Ethel M. Hamilton
342.00
Estella Teeter Bill
114.00
Helen Thissell
296.03
Mildred A. Winslow
391.00
Alice C. Molloy
296.03
Helen C. O'Hare
723.88
Mabel C. Whitten
741.38
Russell E. Tupper
1,140.63
Jane E. Oakes
692.03
Sylvia E. Prescott
741.38
102
Janet M. McNamara
729.88
Jane Noel
687.03
Gladys Cann
607.28
Agnes E. Boland
254.00
Marjorie A. Blanchard
300.00
Florence A. Hosmer
1
186.00
$12,631.30
Superintedent
Frank H. Benedict
$1,000.00
$1,000.00
Janitors
Thomas Metcalf
$756.00
James Metcalf
15.75
Henry G. Dudley
649.98
$1,421.73
Transportation
Alexander Sauer
$1,578.00
Harry Carter
360.00
Ralph N. Yetton
420.00
Mrs. Flora M. Yetton
390.00
Alexander W. Holmes
468.00
Frank Bigwood & Son
304.25
Middlesex and Boston Street Rail-
way Company
323.55
Estella Teetoer Bill
4.06
$3,847.86
Supplies
H. I. Dallman Company
$31.17
Silver, Burdett & Company
47.38
D. C. Heath & Company
38.69
J. L. Hammett Company
195.47
American Book Company
58.56
103
Joseph L. Drew & Company
10.14
Chandler & Barber Company
6.75
The Macmillan Company
37.36
Funk & Wagnalls Company
9.24
Edward E. Babb & Company
256.87
Cambridge Botanical Supply Co.
88.89
The Office Appliance Company
4.08
C. C. Birchard Company
4.28
Oliver Ditson Company
4.83
Ward's
3.00
Ginn & Company
51.24
F. J. Barnard Company
42.64
Benj. H. Sanborn Company
12.49
Allyn and Bacon
19.11
Wright and Potter
2.85
Remington Typewriter Company
5.00
$930.04
Fuel-Light-Power
Dexter & Carpenter Inc.
$331.98
Boston & Maine R. R.
388.76
A. W. Atwood
88.88
William A. Jepson Corporation
495.20
Boston & Albany R. R.
159.14
L. A. Brown
41.25
Ralph N. Yetton
8.00
M. A. Loker
7.00
The Edison Electric Illuminating
Company of Boston
54.74
$1,574.95
Repairs
T. Weld Frost
$4.65
C. H. Batchelder Company
1.35
Remington Typewriter Co.
15.86
104
D. W. Richardson
171%
Llewellyn Mills
4. 5.
The Fiske Corporation M. Shain Edward Lareau
422.00
3.00
6.00
$17.1.54
Incidentals
Burdett & Williams
$2.50
Howe & Company
3.87
Lynch & Woodward
26.73
Napoleon Perodeau
2.28
N. E. Tel. and Tel. Company
23.25
D. W. Richardson
3.62
The Wayland Water Board
30.00
The Suburban Press
40.00
A. W. Atwood
39.63
Thomas Metcalf
2.31
The Fiske Corporation
46.35
G. F. Marston
2.08
Geo. T. Johnson Company
17.00
The Prudential Trust Company
16.10
Marjorie A. Blanchard
1.50
Agnes E. Boland
14.00
D. J. Allen
1.30
Frank H. Benedict
59.24
Estella Teeter Bill
11.02
Russell E. Tupper
1.00
E. W. Jennison
.63
Cochituate Grange
10.00
Colby & Company
2.40
India Alkali Works
6.15
H. W. Flagg
2.50
$305.56
105
RECEIPTS
Town Grant
$19,000.00
1-2 Dog Fund
212.14
Income Mass. School Fund, 1918
1,029.65
Income Mass. School Fund, 1919
962.06
Tuition, State Wards
289.25
State, Account of Superintendent 625.00
Balance, 1918 41.28
Mrs. G. D. Richert, Tel. Rebate
2.70
John Foley, Damaged Book 1.00
F. H. Benedict, Arts-Crafts Class Paper
1.65
Portion of the Income Tax
1,270.00
$23,434.73
RECAPITULATION
School Committee
$160.00
Salaries of Teachers
12,631.30
Salary of Superintendent
1,000.00
Salary of Janitors
1,421.73
Transportation
3,847.86
Supplies
930.04
Fuel-Light-Power
1,574.95
Repairs
474.54
Incidentals
365.76
Balance
$22,406.18
$1,028.55
The passage of an Act by the last General Court pro- viding for a distribution of a portion of the Income Tax, the distribution determined by the salaries paid teachers for the school year ending June 30, 1919, accounts for the large bal- ance.
Coal was purchased in April at a great saving to the.
106
town in view of later prices. We have a considerable num- ber of tons on hand in excess of the amount at this time last year.
ACCOUNT OF INCOME OF THE MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL FUND
Receipts
Massachusetts School Fund, 1918 $1,029.65
Massachusetts School Fund, 1919 962.06
$1,991.71 -„¢91.71
Expenditures
MEDICAL INSPECTION
Receipts
1
Town Grant
$75.00
Expenditures
Paid W. H. Sylvester, M. D.
75.00
.
107
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
To the School Committee of the Town of Wayland,
Gentlemen :
The twenty-third Annual Report of the Superintendent of Schools is respectfully submitted. It is my tenth report.
Out of the intensive recent studies men have made of our educational institutions and our future national and in- dividual educational needs there are two proclamations by not- ed educators from which quotations have been taken and used in this report. Certain ideals and principles involved in the college training of young men and young women are very potently stated. These ideals and principles are embodied in both the elementary and secondary school work in but a slight- ly less degree.
From an article in the October World's Work by Pres. A. Lawrence Lowell, Harvard University, the following quo- tations are taken :
"Education in a democracy may be regarded from two points of view : the welfare of the comunity as a whole, and the welfare of the individuals of whom it is composed. These two ought in the main to coincide, and must do so if the hopes of democracy are to be realized. It is not difficult to show that this is the case in respect to education. The welfare of the community requires the best equipped men that it can procure : men who will place at its disposal in the largest measure the
108
resources of nature, or the arts, of the manifold benefits ac- quired by the slow progress of civilization ; men whose minds are trained to see clearly and think straight; men of wide knowledge and interests, with a broad and kindly outlook upon life and its problems.
"Without academic instruction these qualities may be derived in part from natural capacity, and they may be culti- vated by contact with men and affairs; but systematic edu- cation is able to produce them more rapidly and effectively, and if it does not do so has failed of its end.
"The welfare of the individual boy or girl lies in the same direction. It can be attained completely only by a full developement of their natural faculties; and since these vary greatly in different children, and all of them ought to have an opportunity to make the utmost of themselves, the means of education must not be uniform. The dull ought not to be neglected for the more capable, nor the more gifted held back for the slower progress of others.
"The college should aim to promote intellectual persis- tence, moral character, and a sense of responsibility both for the sake of the student's own growth and for the benefit of the community about him.
"The experience of the war has shown that college men possess a resourcefulness which has enabled them to serve effectively in military and civil positions wholly different from the life to which they have been accustomed. This is the time to raise the level of undergraduate achievement and to make college life as serious and stimulating as it should and can be made."
It is within the bounds of conservatism to say that never before has an academic education been considered of greater value than today. As we review the past we may do so with complacency and satisfaction not alone in the things the coll-
109
ege has done for men and women but in the excellent found- ation laid for college work by the secondary and elementary schools, both public and private. In our retrospection we must be mindful of that vast number of men and women who have not taken full academic courses because of circum- stances beyond their control or because of natural ability and tendencies drawing them into other lines of business who have learned to do the world's great work at the bench and in the shop and on the farm. The elementary school has given them the beginnings of an education and they have obtained the remainder of their trainning through contact with men and affairs, in trade schools, vocational schools, evening schools, through correspondence schools, and the floods of literature in every community library and home. Thus has educatio i bee i taking on a new significance the while we have been working academically.
To-day we need to examine critically our school work to see wherein we are falling short of the great demands made upon us and the greater ones that the future will inevitably bring to the public schools. Are the plans for the future broad and big and benevolent? In what things have we failed in the past? How far short are we in the accomplishment of those things we have earnestly sought to do?
We have failed in a great measure to do the work of Americanizing all those who have come to our shores from foreign lands. We have said "Come." They have come. And then we have left them alone to dream and to long for the land afar; to magnify its joys and to minimize its sorrows and to magnify their disappointment in the land of promise if theirs has been the lot of exploitation of human energy. This great work so long delinquent as to our adult foreign citizenship is for the future educational leaders and workers to perfect. The past with its errors of thoughtless- ness lies behind us; the pregnant future with its hope and possibility is all before us. Already Massachusetts is leading
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in this work with a Department of Americanization busily engaged in the prosecution of this vital project.
Not only have we failed to Americanize all those who have come to us from other countries but we have failed to Americanize all of our own natural born citizens. Special privileges and semi class legislation have been part of our free governmental institution so that some have been op- pressed and others depressed at the partial failure of the doctrine of equal rights. The Americanization movement recognizes not alone the foreign born who do not know and understand and appreciate the ideal democracy but reaches out to our own who have failed to comprehend the ideal and so have helped to make the real democracy fall short of the ideal.
Let me repeat a few words of Dr. Lowell, "The college should aim to promote intellectual persistence, moral charac- ter, and a sense of responsibilty for the sake of the student's own growth and for the benefit of the community about him."
This should be the aim of the secondary and elementary schools and the home. The home should demand that the schools give the instruction that will develope these traits ; the home should demand of itself training that will lay the foundation for such school training. The easier path is the road of indulgence, a course of procedure which does not de- velop either muscular or intellectual fibre. Intellectual and manual skill come only through self sacrifice. Our minds and bodies must know the weariness of toil to know the joy of accomplishment. Skill of hands and keenness of mind come not in capsules neither are they passed to us on a serving tray nicely wrapped in oiled paper.
The strong teacher is a kind but hard task master. The powerful school is the joyful but stern institution whose doors say to all, "Those who enter here must leave strengthened through their own personal effort. The golden touch of in-
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fluence is here; the tools for labor are here; directors and directions are here ; the sunlight of centuries of human achieve- ment are here; but the individual must bring with him per- sonal determination and a desire to master himself."
Have not schools and homes been lacking in some measure in these important characteristics ?
Our examination of the schools of the past and in great measure of those of to-day proves to us that we have sought and are still seeking to make men and women intellectually perfect but have neglected the developement of the perfect physique. The future school must attend to physical develop- ment as well as intellectual growth.
The value of healthy vigorous dynamic bodies is appre- 'ciated as · never before.' A health campaign is launched through visiting nurses, dental clinics, school physicians, and a State Director of Physical Education. Dietetic courses are offered in all household departments. The purpose ? That disease may be prevented through the natural resistance of the body. That your home and my home may be safe from infection because all the homes of the community are occupied by people intelligent as to the laws of health and vigorous as to the resisting diesase germs. The purpose? That in the end a citizenship may be produced in the coming generations that shall possess nerve, brain, and muscle of such vigor and tenacity that the maximum of skill and endurance shall prevail quite generally.
Then shall there be joy in living and delving to make our national and home life like unto the dreams of our nation- al forbears.
Dr. Lowell mentions in the section of his article quoted in this report that children vary greatly in their natural faculties ; that all should have the opportunity to make the utmost of
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themselves ; that the dull should not be neglected or the more gifted held back.
Teachers realize keenly the great differences in children even in the· same home as to intellectual power, physical condi- tion, and natural tendencies, likes and dislikes, disposition. We also realize great differences in children from different homes in the experiences of life. The method of handling children at home in the matter of discipline and control, habit forming instruction, and all that goes to make for strength of character varies greatly in homes. So that children come to the school equipped most variedly at the same age. We real- ize that no system of instruction fits all children. A system of reading closely adhered to may make one child an excellent reader and another child a dullard.
So I face the "dull child" phrase skittishly and as I peer to make out what it means I behold a phantom shape take form and I see the several hundreds of occupations open to men and women whereby to make a living and to gain the joy and satisfaction of having contributed their share to the world's production for man, his wants and his entertainment. The occupations of man are varied. Man in his tendencies and desires to do that work is a wonderful being of likes and dis- likes. Are there any dull children, dull young men, and young women? If so shall we classify them as mental de- fectives or as beings who if given their opportunity in the educational world will know how to do some kinds of work far better than many who are rated more intellectual.
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