Official reports of the town of Wayland 1942-1944, Part 6

Author: Wayland (Mass.)
Publication date: 1942
Publisher: Printed at the Middlesex Freeman Office
Number of Pages: 594


USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wayland > Official reports of the town of Wayland 1942-1944 > Part 6


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100.00


39.86


$664.44


Collections


$438.91


Abatements


168.92


607.83


56.61


TAXES OF 1942


Personal


4/21/42 Commitment


$13,586.63


Refund


1.44


$13,588.07


Collections


$12,408.27


Abatements


32.29


12,440.56


1,147.51


Real Estate


4/28/42 Commitment


$152,833.89


12/18/42 Commitment Refunds


215.82


607.17


23.30


117


Outstanding


Tax Title Disclaimed 5.74


$153,662.62


Collections


$116,107.15


Abatements


2,400.19


Tax Titles 3,548.34


122,055.68


31,606.94


Moth 4/28/42


Commitment


$510.00


Collections


$465.00


Tax Titles


12.00


477.00


33.00


Poll


2/27/42


Commitment


$2,300.00


4/13/42


66


12.00


5/4/42


66


4.00


6/23/42


66


2.00


7/31/42


66


2.00


8/5/42


2.00


12/14/42


2.00


$2,328.00


Collections


$1,970.00 290.00


2,260.00


68.00


Street Betterment Castle Gate South


4/28/42 Commitment


$27.50


Commitment Interest


2.20


$29.70


Collections


$22.50


Com. Interest


1.80


24.30


5.40


Street Betterment Nob Hill 4/28/42 Commitment $74.31


118


4.00


7/13/42


Abatements


Outstanding


Commitment Interest 20.81


$95.12


Collections


$74.31


Com. Interest


20.81


$95.12


Street Betterment Pineridge Road


4/28/42 Commitment Refund


.67


$1,470.67


Collections


$375.61


375.61


1,095.06


Street Betterment Lake Road


4/28/42 Commitment


$137.32


Commitment Interest


41.21


From "Deferred Revenue"


40.00


$218.53


Collections


$136.82


Com. Interest


27.83


Tax Title


10.20


174.85


43.68


Water Liens


4/28/42


Commitment


$1,393.18


Charges


84.00


Refund


35.19


$1,512.37


Collections


$580.69


Tax Titles


128.00


708.69


803.68


Excise


2/27/42


Commitment


$3,977.53


4/13/42


4,244.46


5/25/42


659.44


7/17/42 66


224.09


8/31/42


66


204.12


10/26/42


66


143.90


119


$1,470.00


Outstanding


12/28/42 Commitment Refunds


66.66 112.77


$9,632.97


Collections


Abatements


$8,934.74 285.96


9,220.70


412.27


12/31/42 Total Taxes Outstanding


$52,220.81


Respectfully submitted, THEODORE H. HARRINGTON,


Collector of Taxes.


120


ASSESSORS' REPORT For the Year Ending December 31, 1942


Real Estate Assessed January 1, 1941


$5,183,752.00


Personal Property Assessed January 1, 1941


493,332.00


Real Estate Owned by Commonwealth 40,740.00


$5,717,824.00


Real Estate Assessed January 1, 1942


Land Exclusive of Buildings


$1,665,581.00


Buildings Exclusive of Land 3,659,625.00


State Owned Land


45,588.50


$5,370,794.50


Personal Estate Assessed January 1, 1942


Stock in Trade


$ 21,800.00


Machinery


303,138.00


Live Stock 44,675.00


All Other Tangible Personal Property 103,787.00


473,400.00


Total Property Assessed January 1, 1942


$5,844,194.50


Total Property Assessed January 1, 1941


5,717,824.00


Increase $ 126,370.50


Number of Polls Assessed


1,150


Number of Live Stock Assessed :


Horses 45


Number of Neat Cattle :


Cows


284


Young Stock


99


Swine


862


Sheep and Goats


50


Fowl


6,415


121


All Other :


Mules


2


Turkeys


25


Mink


325


Ponies


3


355


Number of Acres of Land Assessed


8,683


Number of Dwellings Assessed


1,314


December Assessment


Real Estate Additional Polls


$7,520.00 28.00


Motor Vehicles :


Number


Value


Excise


1942


1,397


$271,320.00


$ 9,532.20


1941


1,641


408,980.00


12,929.65


Decrease


244


$137,660.00


$ 3,397.45


Exempt from Taxes :


United States


$30,400.00


Commonwealth


15,000.00


Widows


30,200.00


Veterans


7,500.00


$83,100.00


Town-Personal and Real :


Schools


$194,500.00


Parks


25,800.00


Fire Department


21,300.00


Police Department


500.00


Water Department


358,500.00


Moth Department


2,000.00


Town Hall and Equipment


43,500.00


Highway Department


38,645.00


Library and Books


57,000.00


Cemeteries


3,500.00


Church Property


145,300.00


Hannah Williams Playground


2,200.00


Pequod Lodge, I.O.O.F .- Equipment


200.00


Parsonages


11,025.00


Wayland and Cochituate Legion


Building Association, Inc. 15,500.00


$919,470.00


122


Tax Levy of 1942


Appropriation for Town Purposes $226,811.61 Deficit on Overlay of Previous Years 1,558.29 6,149.62


Overlay for 1942


$234,519.52


State Tax


$13,650.00


State Park Tax


166.55


Refund-Corporation Tax


530.06


$14,346.61


County Tax


$7,126.01


County Tax-1941 Under-


estimate


55.92


Tuberculosis


2,506.78


9,688.71


24,035.32


To be Raised


$258,554.84


Estimated Receipts and Available Funds


Income Tax


$16,979.00


Corporation Tax


2,259.11


Gasoline Tax


10,494.31


Motor Vehicle and Trailer Excise


10,000.00


Licenses


4,000.00


Fines


300.00


Grants and Gifts


2,857.84


Special Assessments


800.00


Health and Sanitation


100.00


Old Age Assistance


10,000.00


Soldiers' Benefits


500.00


Schools


1,000.00


Libraries


80.00


Cemeteries


700.00


Interest


2,500.00


In Lieu of Taxes


1,308.38


State Park Tax-Over-estimate


8.47


Available Funds


15,947.21


Free Cash


10,000.00


89,834.32


To be Levied on Polls and Property


$168,720.52


123


Assessed on Polls


$ 2,300.00


Assessed on Personal Property


13,586.58


Assessed on Real Estate Gain on Fractional Divisions


152,833.42


.52


$168,720.52


Betterments:


Tax


Interest


Total


Castle Gate South


$27.50


$ 2.20


$29.70


Nob Hill


74.31


20.81


95.12


Lakewood


137.32


41.21


178.53


Pine Ridge Road


1,470.00


1,470.00


1,773.35


Water Liens Added to Taxes


$1,393.18


Water Lien Costs


84.00


1,477.18


Moth


510.00


Committed to Collector


$172,481.05


For abatements see Collector's Report.


Rate on Property


$28.70


Rate on Motor Vehicles :


$36.46


The 1941 Legislature makes it compulsory on the Assessors to classify, with the assent of the owner, all forest land which does not in value exceed twenty-five dollars per acre or is otherwise used. The law establishes a system of valuing and taxing classified forest land different from that which is required for other real estate. A production tax and a land tax may be levied. The production tax on a sliding scale of one per cent up to six per cent ; the valuation on a scale of ninety per cent down to ten per cent. Presumably this method of tax- ation is in favor of the tax payer. To encourage a growth of commercial forest products is undoubtedly good policy. How far owners of forest land will go in this direction depends on hw much they are willing to do for posterity.


In case of lands, a part of which is suitable for forest land and a part not suitable, either because it is swamp or used or may be used for other purposes, the Assessors must divide the land accordingly and describe the part to be classified with suf- ficient accuracy for identification. This means the services of an engineer which in time means money. Therefore, having no funds, we did little in the matter in the past year. And in


124


view of the fact that the town has ordered a survey and plot- ting of all individual holdings of real estate, the Assessors are of the opinion that in the current year, we should go slow in the matter of classifying forest lands, unless otherwise ordered by the town, doing only enough to defy the District Attorney.


If anyone is especially interested in forestry, we suggest he contact the State Forester.


Note: It is to be noted that the tax on State owned land is reflected in estimated receipts-"In Lieu of Taxes."


Respectfully submitted, DANIEL BRACKETT, WILLARD C. HUNTING, CHARLES M. MATHEWS,


Assessors of Wayland.


125


JOINT REPORT OF THE WAYLAND BOARD OF ASSESSORS AND PLANNING BOARD For the Year 1942


The preparation of Assessors' Maps was by far the most important project launched in 1942 under joint supervision of the Board of Assessors and the Planning Board. After care- ful consideration the Boards jointtly selected Mr. Everett M. Brooks of Newtonville as Civil Engineer in charge. Most of our efforts during the first six months, moreover, went into setting up the many details of may layouts, size, indexing, and so on, which are so essential to the clarity and usefulness of finished maps. The maps themselves will consist of about 55 separate sectional maps which, on completion some time in the future, will fit together into one large accurate map of the whole Town. Each sectional map, which covers an area of about 250 acres, shows the boundaries of individual house lots and other lands, the area and frontage of each lot, the name of the owner, the locatiton and nature of buildings situated there- on, and other pertinent information. In addition, these maps are planned in such a way as to make possible an eventually complete and flexible plan for house numbering in the Town.


During 1942 six of these sectional maps were completed and five others partially completed. In the north end of the Town the area covered by the completed work is a section along the Weston line, about three-quarters of a mile wide east and west, and extending from the Lincoln line on the north to State Road on the south. The western boundary of this section is roughly Concord Road from the Lincoln line to Lincoln Road and then a line southerly to State Road, lying 100-300 fest west of Draper Road. In Cochituate the completed work covers the Mansion Inn, Shore Acres, and part of the Castle Gate devel- opment areas, to the west and southwest of Dudley Pond. Because of the far greater number of buildings and separate lots involved, the area covered in the southernpart of the Town, while smaller, required approximately as much time to com-


126


plete as all the rest of the area covered during 1942. All of the work completed during this first year may be seen and con- sulted at the Town Hall at any time during Assessors' office hours, and we urge the townspeople to make full use of these valuable maps.


A thoughtful glance at these maps clearly shows the im- mense amount of survey and other work that has been done. More important, it shows their real value to the Town as a whole and its residents individually. Any property owner who, for any reason, requires an accurate survey of his prop- erty will find the cost of such a survey greatly reduced by this work. Moreover, they provide an accurate basis for all future Town improvement projects. Finally, by outlining more accur- ately the ownership of each piece of property, they provide a fairer basis for tax assessments. In fact, the experience of other towns which have prepared such maps has occasionally been that enough previously unassessed land has been discovered by the surveys to yield new taxes equal to a significant part of the actual cost of preparing the maps.


The Board of Assessors and Planning Board feel that this report would not be complete without mention of the fact that, in preparing these maps Mr. Brooks, because of his keen inter- est, has contributed a large amount of his personal time at no cost to the Town, over and above the regular compensation to his organization for survey work.


The Boards jointly look forward to extending this valuable work on Assessors' Maps to additional areas during 1943.


Respectfully submitted, By the Board of Assessors, DANIEL BRACKETT, WILLARD HUNTING, CHARLES M. MATHEWS.


By the Planning Board, HOWARD S. RUSSELL, Chairman, ALLAN R. FINLAY, Clerk.


127


REPORT OF THE WAYLAND PLANNING BOARD For the Year 1942


In additional to its work in connection with Assessors' Maps the Planning Board, in conjunction with the Board of Selectmen acting under powers of sub-division control granted by the General Laws of Massachusetts, made a layout for a proposed sub-division of the area on the north side of State Road Fast and between White Road and the Sanderson prop- erty ; also a proposed relocation of the road to be known as Rich Valley Road on the latter property. This latter relocation project, which was put into effect during the year, should facili- tate the future development of this area to the advantage of all abutting property owners.


During the past year increasing restrictions on normal civilian activities finally produced two conditions which altered considerably the policy of the Planning Board with respects to new projects. The practical elimination of home building and of so-called Chapter 90 highway maintenance and construction work, not only put an end to sub-division layout projects, but also increased the desirability of putting our emphasis on road and sidewalk improvement projects to encourage the most effec- tive use of the Town's Highway Department equipment and manpower. Projects not requiring scarce road-surfacing ma- terials seemed particularly desirable. With this in mind, the Planning Board surveyed numerous possible projects and selected several of these for which proposed improvement lay- outs have been drawn up out of the Board's funds available during the year. Some of these have already progressed to the point where actual Highway Department work may be started on them early in 1943. Others may be put into effect later in the year, or used as a basis for possible post-war public works projects.


The net effect of carrying out these projects should be a marked increase in safety and convenience for the townspeople and others, not only autoists but also bicyclists and pedestrians.


128


In laying out these projects careful consideration has been given by the Planning Board to preservation of the rural nature and rustic beauty of the Town. The Planning Board hopes that funds appropriated for its use in 1943 will be adequate to continue this work.


Late in the year, severe restrictions on the use of automo- biles under war conditions greatly increased the use of inter- urban bus services. Under these conditions the Planning Board recognized the serious need for a bus station shelter at the cor- ner of Cochituate Road and State Road. Immediate construc- tion of such a shelter has been strongly recommended to the Board of Selectmen and it is hoped that it will be provided in the very near future.


Respectfully submitted, HOWARD S. RUSSELL, Chairman, ALLAN R. FINLAY, Clerk.


129


REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF POLICE For the Year Ending December 31, 1942


Assault


7


Assault to Rape


3


Using Motor Vehicle Without Authority 2


Driving Motor Vehicle to Endanger Life 1


Driving While Intoxicated 7


Drunkenness


17


Lewdness


2


Motor Vehicle Laws Violating


7


Non-support 5


Stubbornness 1


Vagrant 1


Insanity


4


Runaway Boys


4


61


This list includes arrests made by the State Police.


HARRY W. CRAIG, Chief of Police.


130


REPORT OF THE BOARD OF FIRE ENGINEERS For the Year Ending December 31, 1942


The year of 1942 showed a sharp decline in the number of calls on the Wayland Fire Department. There were 102 calls in 1942, as against 152 in 1941.


There were 30 fires in buildings. This included chimney, oil burner and electric motors. Woodland, grass and brush areas accounted for 54 calls which figure was 27 less than the previous year.


This was largely due to the fact that a forest fire patrol was maintained during the very dry period in the spring. This patrol car, plainly marked, acted as a warning to residents of the hazard which existed. Several small fires were spotted and cared for by this patrol and many fires in incinerators and back yards were investigated. The Engineers feel that the small amount of money used to maintain this patrol was well spent.


We wish to call your attention to the need of extra caution to prevent the occurence of needless fires. Almost all fires are preventable. We are seriously undermanned, having lost heav- ily from the regular force and the Auxiliaries, as a large num- ber of men are in the armed forces and others away from town on defense work.


A 45-foot ladder and considerable small equipment have been purchased which have helped to make the department more efficient.


All apparatus is in fine condition.


Respectfully submitted, T. H. HARRINGTON, Chief, THOMAS E. HYNES, ERNEST H. DAMON, HOMER L. MacDONALD, Board of Engineers.


131


REPORT OF THE MOTH DEPARTMENT


The Gypsy Moth condition the past year was quite improved. Out of 125 acres in the east section of the town, 25 per cent were very light feeding, and 50 per cent were light to general feeding; there was no heavy feeding, and no com- plete defoliation. The State Supervisor examined all sections of the town and gave a very satisfactory report.


To conform with the gasoline requirements, I am asking the property owners who desire spraying done, to contact me in advance. It will eliminate a lot of unnecessary driving.


The financial report follows :


Town Work-Appropriated


$600.00


Expended :


Labor


$265.85


Trucking


83.00


Equipment


50.30


Insecticide


200.00


599.15


Balance


$ .85


Private Work-Appropriated


$500.00


Expended :


Labor


$90.40


Trucking


85.00


Equipment


3.00


Insecticide


249.98


428.38


Balance


$71.62


Elm Tree Work-Appropriated


$400.00


Expended :


Labor


$100.25


Trucking


87.00


132


Equipment Insecticide


19.88 192.87


$400.00


Hose Appropriation


$100.00


200 feet high pressure hose


96.00


Balance


$ 4.00


From Reserve


$540.00


Insecticide for future use


534.60


Balance


$ 5.40


Respectfully submitted,


CHARLES L. FULLICK, Moth Superintendent.


REPORT OF THE TREE WARDEN


The general routine of Tree Work has been done. Sev- eral dangerous trees were taken down. Also, trees were pur- chased to be set out in the spring to replace those taken down.


The financial report follows :


Appropriation


$700.00


Labor


$600.61


Truck hire


53.50


Equipment


6.25


Trees


36.00


696.36


Balance $ 3.64


Respectfully submitted,


CHARLES L. FULLICK,


Tree Warden.


133


SEALER OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES


Report of work performed by the Sealer for the year 1942.


Scales


Total Sealed


Not Sealed


Platform scales over 5,000 lbs.


1


Platform scales 100 to 5,000 lbs.


5


1


Counter scale under 100 1bs.


4


Spring scale 100 to 5,000 lbs.


3


1


Spring under 100 lbs.


19


Computing scales under 100 lbs.


11


Person weigher (slot)


2


Prescription


1


Weights


Avoirdupois


39


Apothecary


15


Metric


16


Volumetric Measures


Liquid measure over 1 gallon


9


Liquid measure under 1 gallon


10


Oil jars 8


Liquid Measuring Devices


Stops on pumps


4


Gasoline meter systems


26


4


Oil pumps


13


Tank truck meter systems


3


Kerosene pumps


8


Grease measuring devices


12


Yard sticks


1


134


Trial Weighings and Measurements of Commodities Sold


Total No. Number


Tested


Correct


Under Over


Bread


4


4


Coal (in paper bags)


2


2


Flour (in bags)


3


2


1


Ice


3


1


2


Potatoes


4


4


-


16


13


0


3


This year, in connection with my regular work of sealing weights and measures, when gasoline rationing came, I was requested by John Paul MacBride, State Director of Standards, to check the town gasoline tanks to obtain the supplies on hand. Later, when kerosene and fuel oil also were rationed, I was required to check the stores and gasoline stations for the sup- plies of these commodities also.


ALBERT B. MARCHAND,


Sealer of Weights and Measures.


135


REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH


Cochituate, Mass., December 31, 1942.


The Board of Health submits the following report for the year ending December 31, 1942.


Licenses Granted


Alcohol 9


Permits Issued


Conducting undertaking establishment 1


Keeping swine 6


Building cesspools


1


Record of Diseases Dangerous to the Public Health


Chicken Pox


11


Dog Bites 14


Lobar Pneumonia 1


Measles


62


Mumps


6


Scarlet Fever


27


Whooping Cough


9


The Board has investigated many complaints during the year, and all were taken care of.


The children entering school received the Anti-Toxin test for the prevention of diphtheria, recommended by the State Board of Health.


The Board believes that the different clinics held in the schools are a great help to the children, and it hopes that they will be continued.


The Board feels that there are many cases of diseases dangerous to the public health that are not reported. If you have a case of this nature in your house and you do not have a doctor, it should be reported by the head of the family.


We have had numerous complaints concerning the manner


136


in which people dispose of their garbage. The town does not provide means of collecting garbage, so we ask you to please bury it. In this way, garbage will not be a nuisance around your home and neighborhood.


WALDO L. LAWRENCE, Chairman, ERNEST H. DAMON, Clerk, JOHN J. LINNEHAN,


Board of Health.


REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR OF ANIMALS


Wayland, Mass., December 31, 1942.


I wish to submit my report as Animal Inspector for the year 1942.


Number of dogs quarantined 12


Number of interstate cattle inspected 75 Number of stables supervised, disin- fected after Tuberculin Test of Reactor Cattle found 2


I wish to say, at a request of Massachusetts Live Stock Disease Control, I omitted the annual Native Stable Inspection, owing to the gasoline and rubber rationing.


Respectfully submitted, WARREN F. LAWRENCE,


Inspector of Animals.


137


REPORT OF WAYLAND DISTRICT NURSE For the Year Ending December 31, 1942


Nursing visits, bedside care,


dressings, and other treatments 1,003


Prenatal calls 28


Deliveries attended 2


Pre-school visits


31


Advisory visits


46


Friendly visits


10


Patients accompanied to hospitals 22


Social Service calls


21


Patients accompanied out-of-town 4


During the year several maternity cases, that were booked to enter hospitals, were supplied with sheets and baby clothes. These were furnished by the Red Cross.


I have had three conferences during the year with a repre- sentative of a charitable organization concerning a local prob- lem. I have also had many meetings with Miss Wheeler of the M.S.P.C.C.


Respectfully submitted,


MARY E. McNEIL,


Wayland District Nurse.


138


REPORT OF THE MILK INSPECTOR


December 31, 1942.


I herewith submit my report for 1942. There have been twenty licenses issued to dealers to sell milk in the Town of Wayland.


This is a list of names to whom milk licenses were issued during 1942 :


H. P. Hood and Sons, Charlestown $ .50


Whiting Milk Company, Charlestown .50


J. H. Clark, Weston .50


D. J. Johnston, North Natick .50


Valley Farm, Dover .50


Deerfoot Farm, Southboro


.50


W. S. Pollock, Cochituate


.50


George L. Chapin, Waltham


.50


Dean Dairy, Weston


.50


Melville Loker, Cochituate


.50


First National Store, Wayland .50


Benson's Store, Wayland


.50


First National Store, Cochituate


.50


J. Tiverton, Cochituate


.50


L. R. Gerald, Cochituate


.50


H. Nisbit, Cochituate


.50


Dorothy E. Kohler, Cochituate


.50


L. Collins, Wayland


.50


Mrs. Kendrick, Cochituate .50


A. E. Peck, Cochituate


.50


Total $10.00


Respectfully submitted,


JOHN J. LINNEHAN,


Milk Inspector.


139


REPORT OF THE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT


The general appropriation for Highways and Bridges was used for gravelling, brush cutting, roadside cleaning and clear- ing of drainage systems.


It was necessary during the past year to obtain a govern- ment release in order to purchase Bituminous materials. Appli- cation was made for a total of 56,000 gallons, of which 40,000 were granted. This amount was distributed as surface treat- ment on the following :


Pemberton Road


Pelham Island Road


West Plain Street Plain Road


Pine Brook Road


Pine Ridge Road


River Road School Street


Sherman Bridge Road Connecticut Path


Millbrook Road was widened, regraded, gravelled and surfaced.


All construction on Lakeview Road has been completed with the exception of a small amount of fine grading.


Under Chapter 90 Maintenance, sections of Common- wealth Road, East and West, Connecticut Path, Concord Road, Sudbury Road, and Main Street, at Wayland Center were sur- face treated. Drainage systems were cleaned, brush out and railings repaired on all Chapter 90 roads.


Necessary repairs were made on sidewalks throughout the town. Approximately one thousand feet of sidewalk is under construction on the Concord Road, which, when completed, will eliminate a hazardous condition.


On Pine Ridge Road, we have erected 550 feet of new fence, consisting of cement posts and 2x6 railings.


A priority was granted by the War Production Board for the purchase of a 2-ton Chevrolet Dump Truck which was obtained from Cochituate Motors. In regard to a new Ford Pick-Up truck, the priority was denied by both the War Pro- duction Board and the Board of Appeals, due to the fact that


140


these trucks are considered necessary to direct War effort. A 1941 Chevrolet Pick-Up truck was therefore purchased at Way- land Motors. A 9-foot reversible blade was added to our snow removal equipment.


In May, we were fortunate in being able to obtain a gasoline pump and storage tank which was installed at the Highway Department Garage. This has meant a saving of approximately 51/2 cents per gallon, plus the convenience of having an available supply.


Respectfully submitted,


ALBERT E. POTVIN, Highway Surveyor.


141


REPORT OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WELFARE For the Year 1942


The Welfare Department has operated in the same man- ner as described in last year's report. The increase in the Old Age Assistance minimum went into effect in May and all recip- ients have been put upon a budget basis as required by the State authorities.


The Old Age Assistance cases have increased, slightly, from 88 cases at the beginning of the year to 92 at the end. It is hoped that the increase hereafter will be small and that the entire load will remain nearly the same, as Social Security help should soon begin to be effective.


The General Welfare load has materially decreased, begin- ning in the Spring when the results of available War Work resulted in the employment of nearly all employables. The amount now being expended has reached nearly an irriducible minimum and should so remain as long as War Work continues to furnish employment to all those able and willing to work.


The usual statistics and accounting of departmental expen- ditures and reimbursements appear in this report and in the figures of the Town Accountant and Town Treasurer. Every effort has been made to keep the expenditures at the lowest point commensurate with fair treatment of the unfortunates who must rely upon welfare in order to survive and, in particu- lar, so that those too young to be responsible for their position will not suffer for the fault of their parents or the lack of financially responsible relatives.




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