USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > Sketches of Boston, past and present, and of some places in its vicinity > Part 33
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33
POSTSCRIPT. - The writer of the foregoing article wishes it distinctly understood, that - being by nature extremely lazy himself, and entirely unscrupulous, withal, in the appropriation of the fruits of others' labors. when, without too much trouble, they can be turned to his own advantage - he has not hesitated to gather his materials wherever he could find them. availing himself, in the freest manner, not only of the researches of his predecessors, but even of their very language, whenever it happened to suit his purpose ; and he therefore lays claim to no other merit than that of in- genuity in making such a tolerable piece of patchwork out of so many scraps of divers colors and varying shapes : - in which he is responsible for nothing but the stitches.
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MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY.
MOUNT AUBURN.
THE Cemetery of Mount Auburn, justly celebrated as the most interest- ing object of the kind in our country, is situated in Cambridge and Water town, about four miles from the city of Boston. It includes upwards of one hundred acres of land, purchased at different times by the Massachu- setts Horticultural Society, extending from the main road nearly to the banks of Charles River. A portion of the land next to the road, and now under cultivation, once constituted the Experimental Garden of the Socie- ty. A long watercourse between this tract and the interior woodland formed a natural boundary, separating the two sections. The inner portion, which was set apart for the purposes of a Cemetery, is covered, throughout most of its extent, with a vigorous growth of forest trees, many of them of large size, and comprising an unusual variety of species. This tract is beautifully undulating in its surface, containing a number of bold emi- nences, steep acclivities, and deep shadowy valleys. A remarkable natural ridge, with a level surface, runs through the ground from southeast to northwest, which was for many years a favorite walk with the students of Harvard. The principal eminence, called Mount Auburn, is 125 feet above the level of Charles River, and conunands from its summit one of the finest prospects which can be obtained in the environs of Boston. On one side is the city in full view, connected at its extremities with Charlestown and Roxbury. The serpentine course of Charles River, with the cultivated hills and fields rising beyond it, and the Blue Hills of Milton in the dis- tance, occupies another portion of the landscape. The village of Cam-
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bridge, with the venerable editices of the University, are situated about a mile to the eastward. On the north, at a very small distance, Fresh Pond appears, a handsome sheet of water, finely diversified by its woody and irregular shores. Country seats and cottages in various directions, and es- pecially those on the elevated land at Watertown, add much to the pictur- esque effect of the scene. It is proposed at some future period, to erect on the summit of Mount Auburn, a tower, after some classic model, of suffi- cient height to rise above the tops of the surrounding trees. This will serve the double purpose of a land-mark, to identify the spot from a dis- tance, and of an observatory commanding an uninterrupted view of the country around it. From the foot of this monument will be seen in detail the features of the landscape, as they are successively presented through the different vistas which have been opened among the trees; while from ·its summit a magnificent and unbroken panorama, embracing one of the most delightful tracts in New England, will be spread out beneath the eye. Not only the contiguous country, but the harbor and the bay of Boston, with their ships and Islands, and, in a clear atmosphere, the distant moun- tains of Wachuset, and, probably, even of Monadnock, will be compre- hended within the range of vision.
The grounds of the Cemetery have been laid out with intersecting ave- nues, so as to render every part of the wood accessible. These avenues are curved and variously winding in their course, so as to be adapted to the natural inequalities of the surface. By this arrangement, the greatest economy of the land is produced, combining at the same time the pictur- esque effect of landscape gardening. Over the more level portions, the avenues are made twenty feet wide, and are suitable for carriage roads. The more broken and precipitous parts are approached by foot-paths, six feet in width. These passage-ways are smoothly gravelled, and planted on both sides with flowers and ornamental shrubs. Lots of ground, contain- ing each three hundred square feet, are set off, as family burial-places, at suitable distances on the sides of the avenues and paths ; the perpetual right of inclosing and of using these lots, as places of sepulture, being conveyed to the purchasers of them, in the first instance, by the Horticul- tural Society, and subsequently by the new proprietors.
It appears to be generally conceded that MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY owes its origin to Dr. Jacob Bigelow, of Boston, a gentleman who early became impressed with the impolicy of burials under churches or in grave- yards approximating closely to the abodes of the living. By him the plan for the rural cemetery was first conceived, and the first meeting on the sub- ject called at his house, in November, 1825. The project met the favorable consideration of his friends, among whom may be mentioned the late Judge Story, General Dearborn, John Lowell, George Bond, and William Sturgis, Esqrs., the Hon. Edward Everett, Nathan Hale, and others, men whose judgment in such matters was known to be correct, and whose influence
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MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY.
proved to be finally effective : although it was not until the lapse of nearly five years that a suitable place was fixed upon, when Dr. Bigelow ob- tained from George W. Brimmer, Esq., the offer of the land then called " Sweet Auburn," for the purpose of a cemetery.
In the year 1829, the Massachusetts Horticultural Society was estab- lished; and while in its infancy, and when the project for the Cemetery, also, was but in embryo, it was thought by the parties concerned, that by an union of the objects of each, the success and prosperity of both would be finally insured. The Horticultural Society, therefore, after due consid- eration, decided to purchase the land of Mr. Brimmer, (then comprising about 72 acres,) for $ 6,000; and it was determined to devote it to the pur- poses of a rural cemetery and experimental garden. The ground was in- closed and consecrated in September, 1831 ; on which occasion an eloquent address was pronounced by Mr. Justice Story. The Experimental Garden, for reasons unnecessary to mention here, was subsequently given up; and, after a certain time, the proprietors of the Cemetery lots resolved to purchase the land from the Horticultural Society, and to appropriate its whole extent as a place of interment. This arrangement was amicably made, and an Act of Incorporation was obtained from the Legislature by the new proprietors in 1835, by which the Cemetery is exempted from pub- lic taxes, and its management vested in a Board of Trustees.
It is now twenty years since the place was first set apart for the purpose of sepulture. The enterprise appears to have been the first of the kind in this country ; and it is, perhaps, the first example in modern times of a large tract of ground selected for its natural beauties, and submitted to the processes of landscape gardening, to prepare it for the reception of the dead. The success of the undertaking, and its acceptance with the pub- lic, have been sufficiently manifest in the large list of its proprietors, and in the numerous imitations which may be found in different parts of the United States.
By the Act of Incorporation of the Cemetery of Mount Auburn, it is provided that the moneys which shall arise from the sale of lots shall be for ever devoted to the preservation, improvement, embellishment, and en- largement of the said Cemetery, and to the incidental expenses thereof. In pursuance of these provisions, the Trustees have expended a large por- tion of the surplus income derived from sales, in carrying into effect, as far as practicable, the original objects which were announced to the pro- prietors at the commencement of the undertaking.
The first inclosure of Mount Auburn was of pales, with a lofty en- trance gate in the centre, constructed of wood, but rough-cast, in imitation of stone. In 1843, the portal was reconstructed of Quincy granite, after the saine design, and in the same style of architecture, - the Egyptian, -- as at first ; and it presents to the eye of the beholder an imposing struc- ture, whose very massiveness and complete workmanship insures a dura-
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tion to be measured by ages. It is less heavy, however, than the common examples of that style, and its piers have not the pyramidal or sloping form so common in Egyptian edifices, but are vertically erect, in imita- tion, essentially, of some of the gateways of Thebes and Denderah. The massive cornice by which it is surmounted is of a single stone, measuring 24 feet in height by 12 in breadth. It is ornamented with the " winged globe," and fluted foliage of the Egyptian style, and bears underneath this inscription, in raised letters, between its filletted mouldings : --
" THEN SHALL THE DUST RETURN TO THE EARTH AS IT WAS, AND THE SPIRIT SHALL RETURN UNTO GOD WHO GAVE IT."
" MOUNT AUBURN, Consecrated September 21, 1831."'
The two low structures at the sides are rooms occupied as the Porter's lodge and the office of the Superintendent.
The gateway of Mount Auburn opens from what is known as the Old Cambridge road, and in front of Central Avenue, on the north boundary line of the Cemetery. This avenue forms a wide carriage-road, and is one of the most beautiful openings ever improved for such a purpose. With the exception of the necessary grading, levelling, and cutting down of the brushwood, and the planting of a few trees, it has been left as nature made it. On either side it is overshadowed by the foliage of forest trees, firs, pines, and other evergreens ; and here you first begin to see the monu- ments, " starting up from the surrounding verdure, like bright remem- brances from the heart of earth."
In 1844, the increasing funds of the Corporation having been found suf- ficient to justify the expenditure, a massive iron fence, about ten feet iu height, with pales nearly two inches in diameter, was erected on the whole front, measuring about half a mile in length. It is supported on granite posts, extending four feet underground, each having a base three feet wide in a direction transverse to the fence. Owing to the favorable time at which the contracts were made, the whole cost of this fence did not exceed $ 15,000; that of the gateway was about $ 10,000. The iron fence has since been extended along the eastern side, and a more conven- ient entrance for carts, &c., there provided. On the south and west boundary a substantial timber fence has been erected, in place of the light palisade of former days.
The first monument which meets the eye after entering the Cemetery is that of SPURZHEIM, situated on the left of the main avenue. It is con- structed of polished Italian marble, and is a copy of the tomb of Scipio Af- ricanus, at Rome. The simple name is the only record which it bears,
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MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY.
"all other inscription or epitaph being left to the hand of fame, or to the suggestive imagination and peculiar feelings of such as may visit the shades where rest the remains of an energetic and hopeful foreigner."
SHURZHEIN
TOMB OF SPURZHEIM.
John Gaspar Spurzheim was born in December, 1776, near Treves, in Prussia, where he received his education. He afterwards studied Medicine at Vienna, where he became the pupil of the celebrated Dr. Gall, and em- braced with zealous enthusiasmn the peculiar doctrines of that Professor. In 1505, the master and pupil undertook a course of travels through various parts of central Europe, for the purpose of disseminating phrenological doctrines, and examining the heads of criminals and others in the public institutions. In 1807, Dr. Gall, assisted by Spurzheim, delivered his first public lectures on Phrenology, in Paris. Dr. Spurzheim afterwards lec- tured in various places in Europe, and received the honors of a number of literary institutions ; but determining to try a new field of labor, he em- barked at Havre for the United States, and arrived at New York, August 4th, 1832. While in Boston he tasked himself severely in public lectures before schools and societies; and his great intellectual efforts, together with the effects of our climate, seriously impaired his health. Being at- tacked by fever, medical assistance proved unavailing, and after a short illness he breathed his last on the 10th of October, 1832. His body was embalmed, and a cast of his head taken. Appropriate services were per- formed at the Old South, in the presence of an immense concourse of spec-
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CAMBRIDGE.
tators; after which his remains, escorted by the Boston Medical Associa- tion, as a body, and by a procession of citizens, were conveyed to the cemetery of the Park Street Church, where they were deposited until the tomb at Mount Auburn could be prepared for their reception. The monu- ment represented in the engraving, was the result of a movement among. the friends of the deceased, who admired him as a man and a lecturer, irre- spectively of his peculiar tenets ; but the expense was eventually defrayed by the liberality of the Hon. William Sturgis, of Boston.
With the double purpose of affording a suitable place for funeral services, which are often most conveniently performed within the grounds, and in order to provide for the reception of statues, busts, and other delicate pieces of sculpture, which are liable to injury from exposure to the weath- er, a Chapel has been erected at Mount Auburn. It is situated upon ele- vated ground, on the right of Central Avenue, not far from the entrance, and with its slender pinnacles, forms a picturesque object, as a view of it is caught ever and anon from the various turnings. It is built of granite, measuring 66 feet by 40, and about 80 feet in height. The details are mostly those of the continental Gothic, taken chiefly from approved examples in Germany and France. The exterior is surrounded with a row of octagonal buttresses and pinnacles, and the clerestory is supported by Gothic pillars. In reference to the proposed appropriation of the interior, the light is ad- mitted only from the ends, and the clerestory ; and care has been taken to give it that mellow and solemn tint which is most consonant with the es- pecial object of the edifice, and, at the same time, is the most favorable for statuary and other sculptural decorations. The windows, which are of stained glass, with emblematic designs, were made under the direction of Mr. Hay, of Edinburgh, and executed by Messrs. Ballantyne and Allan, of Glasgow. In the head of the large nave window is a beautiful allegorical representation of peaceful death. The outline of this design is taken chiefly from Thorwaldsen's celebrated bas-relief of "Night"; and con- sists of a winged female figure, asleep, and floating in the clouds, bearing in her arms two sleeping infants. In the centre of the large ornamental rose-window, which forms a conspicuous part of the front, is a painted de- sign, emblematic of immortality, consisting of two cherubs from Raphael's Madonna di San Sisto. gazing upwards, with their well-known expression of adoration and love, into what, in this instance, is a light or " glory," proceeding from beyond the picture. - The entire cost of the Chapel was about 825,000 ; nearly a third of which sum was obtained by subscription.
In 1844, a channel six feet deep was dug from Forest Pond, in Mount Auburn, into Charles River. It is ascertained that there are within the inclosure of the Cemetery about eight acres of boggy, or inundated land. By the aid of the new channel, these acres can at any time be drained, and the whole, or any part of them, raised by new earth so as to become of equal value with the rest of the Cemetery. The cost of this channel was
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FRESH POND.
about $ 3,000, including the perpetual right of drainage through the inter- vening estates.
The improvements next contemplated are, 1. To erect a tower or ob- servatory on the top of the highest hill, from which a view may be ob- tained of the whole Cemetery, and of the surrounding country. 2. To drain and raise the low land within the inclosure, so as to make it availa. ble for Cemetery purposes. 3. To extend, improve, and adorn the avenues, walks, and watercourses, which the picturesque character of the place has rendered capable of almost indefinite improvement. 4. To reserve from the proceeds'of sales a sufficient sum to constitute a permanent fund, the income of which may be for ever adequate to keeping the cemetery in good order, and its structures in proper repair.
The present price of a lot is $ 100 for 300 superficial square feet, (15 by 20,) and in proportion for a larger lot ; with $ 21 additional for a deed, and the choice of location. It is not the intention of the Trustees to allow sinaller lots to be laid out, but it necessarily happens, at times, that spots of land remain untaken which are less than the standard size. Where this is the case, such lots may be purchased at the same rate, and a pur- chaser is entitled to admission as a proprietor, though not a member of the Cemetery Corporation. The construction of tombs is not now allowed by the Trustees, upon any newly purchased lots, except those along the west- ern line of the cemetery.
Each proprietor is entitled to receive from the Secretary one ticket of admission into the cemetery with a vehicle, under certain regulations, the violation of any of which, or the loan of the ticket, involves a forfeiture of the privilege. Strangers can receive, on application to any Trustee, or to the Secretary, a permit to enter with a carriage, on any day other than Sundays or holidays; on which days no persons are adinitted to the ceme. tery except proprietors and members of their household, or persons accom- panying them. The gates are opened at sunrise and closed at sunset. The gate-keeper is allowed to receive no money, except the price which may be affixed to the various guide-books, deposited with him. for sale; some one of which is indispensable to the stranger, and, indeed, to any one who is not perfectly familiar with the intricacies of this Labyrinth of the Dead.
FRESH POND.
THIS beautiful sheet of water, in size more like a lake than a pond, is situated on the borders of Cambridge and Watertown, and distant from Boston about four miles. It lies directly north of Mount Auburn, from which it is separated by a small tract of land, so that strangers visiting the Cemetery generally take the same opportunity for seeing Fresh Pond. It is, besides, a favorite resort of parties from Boston and Cambridge, who are
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desirous of enjoying the sailing, fishing, &c., for which ample accommo- dations are afforded at the Fresh Pond Hotel, on the east side of the Pond.
The water is remarkably clear and transparent, and the ice which it pro- duces is considered equal to any in the world. It is well worth a visit to the Pond in winter to see the wonderful apparatus of Mr. Wyeth for cutting blocks of ice of suitable size and shape, which are afterwards packed in his warehouse by steam machinery. Mr. W. has the largest ice- house in the world, and annually exports. The Pond itself is divided into lots, which are owned by different individuals in the vicinity, principally by Mr. Wyeth, by which each owner is entitled to the ice covering his lot.
It is also a favorite resort of the University students, being a pleasant walk from the College buildings. In winter many agreeable parties are formed for enjoying the skating, which is unusually fine at this Pond.
On the south and east shores the land is hilly and well cultivated, but on the other sides it is low and marshy, affording a capital place for gath- ering the celebrated " Pond Lilies," which are among the most beautiful flowers in New England.
Fresh Pond ice is now an article of every-day use by almost every family in Cambridge, Boston, and other towns. It may also be found among the luxuries of the West India Islands, South American ports, Mexican ports, and the East Indies, as well as Europe.
In 1817, there was stored in the several ice-houses near Fresh Pond, $6.700 tons ; at Spy Pond, 23,000 tons ; at Wenham Pond, 13,000 tons; at Little Pond, Cambridge, 2,400 tons ; at Medford Pond, 4,000 tons ; at Eel Pond, Malden, 2,000 tons ; at Horn Pond, Woburn, 4,000 tons; at Summers Pond, 1,200 tons ; an aggregate of 141,300 tons. In the winter of 1850-51, Fresh Pond alone produced 86,000 tons of ice.
The first shipment of ice was made by Frederic Tudor, Esq., (the Ice King.) in 1805, from a pond in Saugus. His shipment resulted in a loss of $ 4,500. In 1815, he made shipments of ice to Cuba; in 1817, to Charles- ton ; in 1818, to Savannah; in 1820, to New Orleans; and in 1833, the first shipment was made to the East Indies. In the year 1817, the export of ice from Boston alone amounted to 74,478 tons, - 51,887 of which was coast- wise, and 22,591 tons to foreign ports, - the average rate of freight was about $ 2.50 per ton, equal to $ 186,000. The export of ice is accompanied by exports of fruits, vegetables, and provisions to the West Indies, Calcut- ta, &c., which otherwise could not be made. Of these there were, in 1847, no less than twenty-nine cargoes. In Havana, ice sells at 6} cents per pound, being a monopoly, while in New Orleans it sells at 1 cent per pound, and the annual consumption there is upwards of 30,000 tons. In Calcutta the consumption is about 3,000 tons, at 6 cents per pound ; Boston about 30,000 tons.
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WALTHAM,
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
WALTHAM was formerly the West Parish of Watertown, until the year 1733, when it became incorporated as a separate town. There is a railroad communication with Boston, ten miles distant, by means of the Fitchburg Railroad. The surface of the town is uneven, with numerous elevations, which afford beautiful sites for residences, farms, and gardens. Prospect Hill, within the limits of the town, is 482 feet above the level of the sea, and affords an extensive view of Boston, its harbor and islands, and of some few towns adjacent. The first cotton-mill upon an extensive scale, in this Commonwealth, was erected at Waltham, in 1814. For many years the Waltham cotton-mills enjoyed a high reputation for sheetings and shirtings.
The comparative population of various towns described in this volume, for 1310 and 1850, was as follows : --
1840.
1850.
Cambridge,
8,127
14,825
Charlestown,
10,872
15,933
Lowell,
20,981
32,620
Waltham,
2,593
4,483
Watertown,
1,896
2,592
Roxbury,
8,310
18,316
Lynn,
9,075
13,613
Brookline,
1,123
2.353
The first ministers settled in the town of Waltham were as follows : - Rev. Warham Williams, in 1723. Rev. Jacob Cushing, D. D., in 1752, and Rev. Samuel Ripley, in 1809.
Waltham Plain is a beautiful tract of land, two and a half miles in length, and one mile in breadth, containing many elegant dwellings and highly cultivated gardens. Among the latter is the well-known garden of the late Theodore Lyman, comprising several acres, and embellished by nearly all the varieties of fruit trees, shrubs, and flowers, both native and exotic. This garden is not probably exceeded in costliness and beauty by any private establishment of the kind in the United States.
Waltham has of late years become the residence of many Boston mer- chants, and may be considered one of the most desirable retreats from the noise and bustle of the city. The common roads in the vicinity are re. markably good, and the town is improving and increasing rapidly in popu-
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lation and wealth. The following cut represents a neat specimen of the rural architecture which prevails in the neighborhood of Boston.
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CHRIST CHURCH, WALTHAM.
This Church was erected in 1849. It was designed by Mr. Billings, of Boston, and built by Mr. Gideon Johnson, of Walthamn. It is a very neat Gothic structure, containing sittings for about 300 people. It is 76 feet long by 32 in width ; with a tower on one corner, and a vestry of the same style and finish in the rear. It is very pleasantly situated, in a spacious lot on Central street, and is one of the most beautiful rural Churches in the vicinity of Boston. The parish with which it is connected was organized a little more than two years since, under the ministry of the Rev. A. B. Patterson. Its present Rector is Rev. Thomas F. Fales. Although the services of the Protestant Episcopal Church had never been held in Wal- than previous to the first Sunday in December. 1818, they are now quite fully attended, and the prospects of this young parish are full of promise.
THE WIRE
LIFE INSURANCE.
ARTICLES UPON THE SUBJECT OF LIFE INSURANCE, CON- TAINED IN THE BANKERS' MAGAZINE AND STATISTICAL REGISTER.
I. Recent Cases in the English Courts in reference to Life Insurance, - Construction of "Commit Suicide," -Premiums on Policies, - &c.
II. Life Insurance, - Tables of Mortality, - Life Annui- ties, - Probabilities of Human Life. From the French of M. A. QUETE- LET. With the Belgium Tables of Mortality, Dr. Halley's Tables of Breslau, and the Netherlands Tables.
III. Life Insurance, - Its Benefits, - Its Commencement, - Suicide of an Insurer, - Insurance of Invalid Lives. - The Gresliam, - The West Middlesex Delusion. By JOHN FRANCIS, Esq., Author of His- tory of the Bank of England.
IV. Life Insurance. Review and Analysis of an His- torical and Statistical Account of the Population, the Law of Mortality, and the different Systems of Life Insurance; including the Validity and non-Validity of Life Policies. With Observations on Friendly Societies and Savings Banks, &c. By ALFRED BURT, Esq., Secretary to a London Life Office.
V. Tables adopted by St. Clement Danes Savings Bank Government Annuity Institution ; also, Comparative View of the Expec- tation of Life according to the Northampton, Carlisle, and Government Annuity Tables. From Gilbart's Practical Treatise on Banking.
VI. Remarks on the Unfitness of Life Policies as a Se- curity for loans. By JAMES W. GILBART, Esq., Manager of the London and Westminster Bank.
VII. History of Bills of Mortality. By JOSHUA MILNE, Esq .. Actuary to the Sun Life Assurance Co. From the Encyclopedia Britannica. Seventh Edition.
VIII. Remarks on the Law of Population and Mortality as evidenced in the Health Reports of Baltimore, Md. By JOHN II. ALEXANDER, Esq.
IX. Remarks on Life Insurance. By ROBERT CHAM- BERS, Esqq., of Edinburgh.
X. Principles of Life Insurance, - Mutual and Proprie- tary Systems. Fromn Chambers's Edinburgh Journal.
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Life Insurance.
XI. Remarks of the London Spectator on the Eighth An- nual Report of the Registrar General, - On the Defects in the Practice of Life Insurance, and Suggestions for their Remedy. By ALEXANDER ROBERTSON. And BURT's Historical and Statistical Account of Popula- tion and the Law of Mortality.
XII. Life Insurance, - Its Advantages to the Working Classes ; a Lecture delivered to the Mechanics' Institute and Library Association of Quebec. By the Rev. Dr. Cook.
XIII. On the Moral Duty of Life Insurance. From Chambers's Edinburgh Journal.
XIV. The Law of Life Insurance. Fourteen Cases in the English Courts. 1. Concealment of facts. 2. Misrepresentation of Medical referee. 3. Residence of the assured party. 4. Misrepresenta- tion affects the interest of third parties. 5. Agency. 6. Verbal misrep- Presentation. 7. Concealment of immaterial facts vitiates a policy. 8. What is to be considered " a disorder tending to shorten life " 9. Epi- lepsy. 10. Unintentional concealment of material facts. 11. False state- ment by a wife not to prejudice a claim on a Company by the husband. 12. Unintentional misrepresentation. 13. Insurable Interest. 14. Re- fusal to pay policy on the ground of fraud.
XV. Principles of Life Insurance, - Rate and Tables of Mortality, - Rate of Interest. Examples of Life Insurance Calculation, - Formation of Rates, - Moral Duty of Life Insurance. From Chum- bers's Information for the People.
XVI. The Law of the State of New York, passed April, 1851, " in relation to all Companies transacting the business of Life In- surance within this State."
XVII. Four important Cases before the English Courts upon Life Insurance, viz. : -
1. Misrepresentation of facts, in answer to parol inquiries at time of effecting insurance, an avoidance of the policy.
2. Bankruptcy of insured, no defence in an action to recover subse- quent premium paid by assignee of policy.
3. Construction of words importing disease.
4. Declaration as to habits of the insured, material, though shown not to have affected the risk.
XVIII. Extracts from Report of a General Plan for the Promotion of Public and Personal Health, devised, prepared, and recom- niended by LEMUEL SHATTUCK of Boston, NATHANIEL P. BANKS, and JEHIEL ABBOTT, a Board of Commissioners appointed under a Resolve of the Legislature of Massachusetts relating to a Sanitary Survey of the State, 1850.
The Bankers' Magazine will contain all new cases in Life Insurance.
Published Monthly, Five Dollars per annum. J. SMITH HOMANS, Boston.
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