USA > Massachusetts > Hampden County > Springfield > The first century of the history of Springfield; the official records from 1636 to 1736, with an historical review and biographical mention of the founders, Volume I > Part 2
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37
THE LANDS PURCHASED OF THE INDIANS.
Two months after the agreement of the eight persons to found the settlement. William Pynchon, Henry Smith, and Jeliu Burr, made an agreement with the Indians for the pur- chase of the lands on both sides of the Connecticut. The price paid, "eigheen fathoms of wampum, 18 coats, 18 hatch- ets, 18 hoes, and 18 knives," was not much of a burden to the settlers. Mr. Pynchon's payment was assessed on the lands as they were subsequently granted to the settlers. The Indian deed is given below :-
"AGAAM, alias AGAWAM, This fifteenth day of July, 1636.
It is agreed between Commucke and Matanchon, ancient Indians, & in particular for & in ye name of Cattonis, the right owner of Agawam & Quana, & in the Name of his mother. Kewanusk, the Tamaham, or wife of Wenawis, & Niarum, the wife of Coa, to & with William Pynchon, Henry Smith & Jehu Burr, their heirs & associates for ever, to trucke & sel al that ground & mucke of quittas or medow, accomsick, viz: on the other side of Quana; & al the ground & muck of quittas on the side of Agaam, except Cottiwack- esh or ground that is now planted, for ten fatham of Wam- pam, Ten coates, Ten howes, Ten hatchets & Ten knifes: also the said ancient Indians with the Consent of the rest & in particular wth the Consent of Menis & Wrutherna & Na- pompenam, do trucke & sel to Willam Pynchon, Henry Smith, & Jehu Burr, & their successors for ever, al that
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THE FIRST CENTURY OF SPRINGFIELD.
ground on the East side of Quinneticut River called Usqua- sok & Nayasset, reaching about four or five miles in Length, from the north end of Masaksicke up to Chickuppe River, for four fathoms of Wampam, four coates, four howes, four hatchets, four knifes: Also the Said ancient Indians Doe with the Consent of Machetuhood, Wenepawin, & Mohemoos, trucke & sel the ground & muckeosquittas, & grounds ad- joining, called Masaksicke, for four fatham of wampam, four Coates, four hatchets & four knifes.
And the said Pynchon hath in hand paid the said eighteen fatham of wampam, eighteen coates, 18 hatchets, 18 howes, 18 knifes to the said Commucke & Matanchan, & doth fur- ther condition wth the said Indians, that they shal have and enjoy al that Cotinackeesh, or ground that is now planted; And have liberty to take Fish & Deer, ground nuts, walnuts, akornes, & sasashiminesh, or kind of peas, And also if any of our Cattle spoile their corne, to pay as it is worth, & that hogs shal not goe on the side of Agawambutinakornetime: Also the said Pynchon, doth give to Wruththena two Coates over and above the Particulars expressed, & In witness hereof the two said Indians, this present 15th day of July, 1636."
This deed was signed by the marks of Menis, Kenix, Wesai alias Nepinam, Winepawin, Comink, Macossak, Wenewis, Cuttonis, Wrutherna, Coa, Keckusnek, and "that they under- stod al by Ahauton, an Indian of the Massachusetts," who came from the Bay to act as interpreter.
The witnesses to the signing of the deed by the Indians were John Allen, Richard Everet, Thomas Horton, Faithful Thayeler, John Townes, Joseph Parsons, and Ahanton.
Ahauton, Everet and Townes signed by making their marks. Allen, Thayler and Townes have no mention in sub- sequent records. This was the first mention of Joseph Par- sons and his name does not appear again for many years.
This deed was entered in the records of the county July 8. 1679, and is in the handwriting of John Holyoke, who was then the recorder. At a court held at "Northampton, March 1661-62, Joseph Parsons testify on oath that he was a witness
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HISTORICAL REVIEW.
to this bargaine between Mr. Pynchon & the Indians."
John Holyoke when he entered the deed, wrote the follow- ing underneath it :- "Memoranda .-- Agaam or Agawam, It is the medow on the South of Agawam River, where ye Eng- lish did first build a house, wch now we comonly cal ye house medow, That peice of ground is it weh ye Indians do cal Aga- wam & where ye English kept ye residents who first came to settle and plant at Springfield now so called: & at ye place it was (as is supposed) that this purchase was made of the In- dians. Quana is that middle medow, adjoining to Agawam or house medow: Masacksick is yt ye English call the Long- meadow below Springfield. on ye East side of Quinneticut River. Usquasok is the Mil River wth the Land adjoyning. Nayasset is the lands of Three Corner medow & of the plains." Three Corner meadow is our present Hampden Park, and the plain refers to the lands north of it, later known as Plainfield and Brightwood.
Were it possible it would be interesting to trace the sour- ces of the emigration from the mother country which ulti- mately found its way to Springfield. Most of those who came here within the first ten or fifteen years after the arrival of Pynchon from Roxbury, were young unmarried men. Of these, and a few who were married, several were from Wales, or were of Welsh descent, including Thomas Merrick, Alex- ander Edwards, Roger Prichard and perhaps others, but the great majority were English in birth and training, and all possessed that element in character which triumphs over ob- stacles. They were the yeomanry of the mother country, who held that all labor was honorable and ennobling.
It was several years after the settlement was begun before many additions were made to those first arriving here. A few came and a few went away, and it was not till 1640 that there began to be any perceptible change for the better. Less than twenty of those who came brought families. Of those who were married prior to their arrival, and who brought chil- dren with them were: William Pynchon, Henry Smith, John Cable, Samuel Hubbard, Rev. George Moxon, Henry Burt,
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THE FIRST CENTURY OF SPRINGFIELD.
Benjamin Cooley, Robert Ashley, John Harmon, Samuel Chapin. Samuel Wright, Richard Sikes, James Bridgman, George Colton, Rowland Stebbins, Roger Prichard, Griffith Jones, and Obadiah Miller. All of these, with the exception of Pynchon, Stebbins, and Prichard, had children born here.
Among the young men whose marriages were recorded here were the following: Elizur Holyoke. William Warriner, Thomas Merrick, John Leonard, Alexander Edwards, Fran- cis Ball, Thomas Cooper, Edmund Haynes, Thomas and John Stebbins, John Pynchon, Reice Bedortha, Samuel, Law- rence and John Bliss, Joseph and Benjamin Parsons, Row- land Thomas, John Lombard, George Lancton, Hugh Par- sons, James Osborn, John Clark, Benjamin Munn, Thomas Miller, Richard Exell, Samuel Marshfield, John Bagg, Wil- liam Brooks, Hugh Dudley, Samuel Terry, Morgan Jones, Richard Everett, John Searle, Charles Ferry, Thomas Ban- croft, Thomas Day, Thomas Noble, Judah Gregory, John Mathews, Simon Beaman, Jonathan and Nathaniel Burt, Samuel Ely, and possibly a few others.
Nearly all the above have descendants in Springfield or its vicinity at the present time. Several of these married young widows, whose husbands had died soon after their arrival. Others married the daughters of the older settlers, or found wives in some of the Connecticut towns, or in the eastern part of the Colony.
Before proceeding farther it may be of interest to know what constitute the first records of the town. They extend over the first hundred years, from the foundation of the town in 1636, and include the doings of the first settlers in public meetings, the transactions of the selectmen in ther official capacity, and the record of births, marriages and deaths. For many years town government included church government, until early conditions and opinions were outgrown. The first two books cover nearly the first half century of the exist- ence of Springfield, including what may be termed the legis- lative acts of the town, the granting of land to the settlers, and bringing all public concerns of the community into har-
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HISTORICAL REVIEW.
mony with the enactments of the "Great and General Court." The pages of the two first books are six by eight inches and bear marks of their long usage. They are more or less ink- stained, and their pages have grown yellow with age, and yet considering the mutations of time and the careless hands through which they have some times passed, they are in a fair state of preservation. They are difficult to read unless one has become familiar with the names of the settlers, the idiom of the times, and the peculiarities of each recorder, easily understood in some instances and excedingly difficult in others. When the recorder turns his h's bottom end up, makes the letter "s" in at least four different ways, and adds the peculiar custom prevalent in his day of contracting many words, follows an orthography of his own, and oftentimes inconsistent with himself, the task of transcription becomes slow and difficult.
The third volume is more than double the size of the two that precede it, and the three bring the record down to 1736. These records open in the handwriting of Henry Smith, un- der date of May 14, 1636, being the agreement of the eight persons to found the settlement. The handwritings of sev- eral of the early recorders are particularly noticeable for ele- gance, and as the original pages are noted in the transcript as printed in the records which form the larger part of this volume, they can be easily found in the manuscript volumes, in the possession of the city clerk.
The entries made by the selectmen are in the handwritings of Thomas Cooper, Henry Burt, Samuel Marshfield and sev- eral others. While Deacon Samuel Chapin was for a long time one of the selectmen his hand does not appear in any of the town records. A recently discovered deed of his lands to his son Japhet Chapin, which is entirely in his hand, indi- cates that he had received a better education than many of the early emigrants to New England.
The records of births, marriages and deaths are in the handwriting of Henry Smith, from the beginning to 1649. when Henry Burt, by virtue of his office, as Clerk of the
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THE FIRST CENTURY OF SPRINGFIELD.
Writs, became the recorder for that purpose. He continued to make the entries until his death in 1662; the last entry by him was that of Susannah Swink, whose death occurred nine days before his own. After the death of Henry Burt, Thom- as Cooper was chosen Clerk of the Writs, but the entries ap- pear to have been made for some time by John Pynchon, and later by Elizur Holyoke, his son John Holyoke, and Jonathan Burt, the three last as town clerks.
THE EARLY MINISTERS OF SPRINGFIELD.
The regularly settled ministers during the first century in Springfield, were George Moxon, Pelatiah Glover, Daniel Brewer, and Robert Breck. Mr. Hosford, Thomas Tomson, Mr. Hooker, and John Haynes severally officiated for a short time, but appear to have gone away on their own desires. Mr. Moxon's pastorate was from 1638 until his return to England in 1652. He was succeeded by Mr. Hosford, whose given name and previous residence are not stated in the rec- ords, and whose stay was not long. He evidently came from Connecticut. John Pynchon made this entry in his account book: "February 10, 1653. Mr. Hosford's mainte- nance and bringing up his goods."
Next came, in 1655, Thomas Tomson, who remained a year or more. He was given grants of land and the homelot which afterwards went to the ownership of Widow Margaret Bliss. He went to Connecticut when he left here, and was succeeded by Mr. Hooker. At a town meeting held February 7. 1659, "there was full and unanimous acceptance of Mr. Hooker to dispense the word of God. He will not engage longer than 3 months. He agrees to stay three months for £20." It does not appear that he remained longer, al- though efforts were made to have him make a permanent set- tlement. Pelatiah Glover, son of John Glover, who was one of the Assistants in the General Court, came next. in 1660, and continued in active service until his death in 1692, and he was greatly esteemed. John Haynes filled the position after Mr. Glover's death for a few months, and he was suc-
-
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HISTORICAL REVIEW.
ceeded by Daniel Brewer, who served nearly 40 years. He was followed in 1734 by Robert Breck, who saw a half cen- tury in the pastoral office in Springfield. The dates of ser- vice of each minister, so far as can be stated, are given in the following table :-
George Moxon,
1638-1652.
Mr. Hosford, 1653.
Thomas Thomson,
1655 -- 1656.
Mr. Hocker,
1656 -- three months.
Pelatiah Glover, 1660-1692.
John Haynes,
1693-a few months.
Daniel Brewer,
1694-1733.
Robert Breck.
1734-1784.
THE SELECTMEN-FIRST AND SUCCEEDING BOARDS.
While Springfield was without a distinctive name for four years, it being known as "the plantation," it was eight years before authority to govern was delegated to a board of select- men. Leading individuals were at an early date chosen to allot planting grounds and make grants of land to the inhab- itants, but town affairs appear to have been discussed for a long time by the whole number in general town meetings. The selectmen and all others when placed in charge of any affair touching the interests of others, paid regard to dealing justly with them. There could have been no greater regard for equity as between man and man. There was no disposi- tion manifested to overreach a neighbor or any member of the community in any transaction, and differences were set- tled in the most equitable way. This feature of those early days stands out in bold relief, shedding honor and respect upon those plain people, to whom every descendant can turn with honest pride. The men who were chosen by the town to manage its public affairs, were sometimes designated "Select Townsmen," but more generally "Selectmen."
William Pynchon, who wrote the record of the names of the first board of selectmen, laid down the rules to govern them in brief and plain language: "They shall have power,"
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THE FIRST CENTURY OF SPRINGFIELD.
says the record, "to order in all prudential affairs of the town, to prevent anything that they shall judge to be to the damage of the town, and to order anything they shall judge to be for the good of the town." And the five, or any three' of them, shall be given full power to hear complaints, to arbi- trate controversies, to lay out highways, to make bridges, to repair highways, specially to order the making of the way over the Muxie meadow, to see to the scouring of ditches, to the killing of wolves, to training up children in some good calling, or any other thing they shall judge to be of profit to the town." The "way over Muxie meadow," refers to the road from Main street across what was then a meadow, to the Bay Path, which is now our State street. The first men- tion of the "Bay Path," by that designation, in the records, was in 1647, in connection with building this road over the Muxie meadow, which was alluded to as "a horse-way," and subsequently mentioned as the "causey," or causeway. "Scouring of ditches," refers to the keeping of what has been known in later years as the "Town Brook," clear, and to pre- vent an overflow of its banks.
September 4, 1646, William Pynchon, whose handwriting is seen in the town records on only three or four pages, lays down the rules to the board of selectmen that year, as fol- lows :--
"They shall reach to reconcile disagreements & disputes between neighbor & neighbor.
They shall take care to find out some convenient way to separate oxen from cows in their daily feeding.
They shall judge where bridges & highways are to be made or mended, how it may be done & they shall call upon the surveyors, it to be their affair.
They shall also advise about some course about destroying of meadows, & how hogs may be kept with most profit & least damage to the plantation.
They shall have power to see that men's chimnies be kept clean, and to fine them for their neglect, the fine to be under five shillings a tymne.
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HISTORICAL REVIEW.
They shall have power to higher a cow-keeper for the keeping of cows of the plantation.
The making of all rates for the plantation shall belong to their affairs, & in general for the making of rates for the Smith.
They shall have power to fine such persons as carry fire uncovered, providing it be under 5 shillings a tyme, & who- soever shall refuse to pay the fines shall be complained of to the magistrate who will grant his warrant to distraine for ye said fines."
"Making rates for the plantation," refers to what we now call taxes, to meet the expenses of the town. This term long since obsolete here, is still in common use in England. In the above rules we see many of the simple customs of the people of the town at the beginning. The want of fences made the cow-keeper a public necessity, and whatever was regarded as a benefit to the whole was held to be a legitimate public charge.
John Pynchon and Deacon Chapin were elected on the board of 1652, but having been appointed commissioners,- magistrates,-they could not serve, and Thomas Stebbins and Joseph Parsons were chosen in their places. In 1653 the town adopted, among other rules, the following :-
"It is ordered, that when any many shall be fairly and clearly chosen to any office, & place of service, in and to the Towne, if he then refuse to accept the place, or shall after- wards neglect to serve in that office to which he shall be cho- sen, every such person shall pay 20 shillings fine for refusal unto the Town Treasurer, unless he had served in that office the year before, no person being compelled to serve two years together in the same office, except Selectmen, two whereof if chosen again are to stand two years together, so there may be always some of the old Selectmen who are ac- quainted with the Town affairs."
In 1655 the town chose Thomas Cooper, Miles Morgan, Benjamin Cooley, Robert Ashley and John Dumbleton se- lectmen. Some dissatisfaction was created and Thomas
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THE FIRST CENTURY OF SPRINGFIELD.
Cooper, Robert Ashley and Benjamin Cooley promptly re- fused to serve. The town recorder took notice of the refusal and in his record says: There was a choice made of five Townsmen," naming them, "and Thomas Cooper, Robert Ashley and Benjamin Cooley refused to serve in that place, being fairly chosen by a vote of the town, for which refusal they are liable to the fine of 20 shillings apeice." The rec- ords do not show that it was collected, but if the authorities were as zealous in respect to this infringement of their rules as they were in others, the probabilities are that it was. The breach in the board was filled by making choice of George Colton, Thomas and John Stebbins.
That it may be readily seen who were the "Fathers of the Town" during the first century, the entire list of selectmen, from the first board chosen in 1644, to that of 1737, is here given. It may be of interest to the many descendants of those worthy men, to know when their ancestors served and who were their associates in the management of town af- fairs. The government of the town was handed down from father to son through many years, as will be seen in the list which follows :-
1644 .- Henry Smith, Thomas Cooper, Samuel Chapin. Richard Sikes, Henry Burt.
1645 .- No record of election. The old board held over.
1646 .- Henry Smith, Elizur Holyoke, Samuel Chapin, Henry Burt, Benjamin Cooley.
1647 .- Henry Smith, Samuel Chapin, Thomas Cooper, Henry Burt, Benjamin Cooley.
1648 .- Henry Smith, Samuel Chapin, Thomas Cooper, Henry Burt, Benjamin Cooley.
1649 .- No record of election. The old board held over.
1650 .- John Pynchon, Henry Smith, Samuel Chapin, Henry Burt, Thomas Cooper.
1651 .- John Pynchon, Samuel Chapin, George Colton Henry Burt, Thomas Cooper.
1652 .- John Pynchon, Samuel Chapin, George Colton Henry Burt, Benjamin Cooley, Thomas Stebbins, Joseph
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HISTORICAL REVIEW.
Parsons .- Seven were chosen this year, but John Pynchon and Samuel Chapin, being commissioners, were "discharged from Townesmen & so ye worke rests upon ye last five."
1653 .-- George Colton, Robert Ashley, Thomas Cooper, Benjamin Cooley, Thomas Stebbins.
1654 .-- Thomas Cooper, George Colton, Robert Ashley, Henry Burt, Benjamin Cooley.
1655 .- Thomas Cooper, Miles Morgan, Benjamin Cooley, Robert Ashley, John Dumbleton .- Thomas Cooper, Rob- ert Ashley and Benjamin Cooley refusing to serve, George Colton, Thomas Stebbins and John Stebbins were chosen.
1656 .- Thomas Cooper, George Colton, Thomas Gilbert, Benjamin Cooley. Robert Ashley.
1657 .- Robert Ashley, Miles Morgan, John Dumbleton Jonathan Burt, Thomas Gilbert.
1658 .- Thomas Cooper, Benjamin Cooley, Jonathan Burt, William Warriner, Robert Ashley.
1659 .- The day for choosing town-officers was changed from the first Tuesday in November to the first Tuesday in February. The board of 1658 held office till the election in February.
1660 .- Thomas Gilbert, Benjamin Parsons, John Dumble- ton, Miles Morgan, John Pynchon.
1661 .- Elizur Holyoke, Samuel Chapin, Thomas Cooper, Benjamin Cooley, Robert Ashley.
1662 .- John Pynchon, Nathaniel Ely, Elizur Holyoke, George Colton, Miles Morgan.
1663 .- John Pynchon, Benjamin Cooley, Robert Ashley, Thomas Cooper, Samuel Marshfield.
1664 .- Samuel Chapin, Nathaniel Ely, George Colton, Rowland Thomas, Elizur Holyoke.
1665 .- John Pynchon, Benjamin Cooley, George Colton, Samuel Marshfield, Lawrence Bliss.
1666 .- Ensign Cooper, Robert Ashley, John Dumbleton, Benjamin Parsons, Elizur Holyoke.
1667 .- George Colton, Nathaniel Ely, Benjamin Cooley, Rowland Thomas, Samuel Marshfield.
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THE FIRST CENTURY OF SPRINGFIELD.
1668 .- Thomas Cooper. Miles Morgan, Jolin Dumbleton, Benjamin Parsons. Elizur Holyoke.
1669 .-- John Pynchon, George Colton, Nathaniel Ely, Samuel Marshfield, Lawrence Bliss.
1670 .- Elizur Holyoke, Thomas Cooper, Benjamin Coo- ley. Benjamin Parsons, Henry Chapin.
1671 .- John Pynchon, George Colton, Samuel Marsh- field. Rowland Thomas, John Dumbleton.
1672 .- Nathaniel Ely. Benjamin Cooley. Benjamin Par- sons, Anthony Dorchester. Elizur Holyoke.
1673 .- George Colton, Samuel Marshfield, Thomas Coo- per. John Dumbleton, Henry Chapin.
1674 .- Nathaniel Ely. Thomas Cooper, Benjamin Par- sons. John Keepe. Elizur Holyoke.
1675 .- George Colton. Samuel Marshfield. John Dumble- ton, Henry Chapin. Jeremy Horton.
1676 .- Benjamin Cooley, Jonathan Burt. John Keepe. John Hitchcock, Elizur Holyoke .- Holyoke died a few days after election and Samuel Marshfield was chosen on the 23d in his place. John Keepe was killed by the Indians near Pecowsic on the 26th of March and Anthony Dorchester was elected in his place. This was five months after Spring- field was burned by the Indians.
1677 .- George Colton. John Dumbleton, Benjamin Par- sons, Henry Chapin. John Dorchester.
1678 .- Samuel Marshfield, Japhet Chapin, John Hitch- cock, Nathaniel Burt. John Holyoke.
1679 .- John Holyoke, George Colton, Benjamin Parsons, John Dumbleton. Henry Chapin.
1680 .- Benjamin Cooley, Samuel Marshfield, Jonathan Burt. Japhet Chapin. John Hitchcock.
1681 .- Daniel Denton, John Holyoke. George Colton. Benjamin Parsons, John Dumbleton.
1682 .- Cornet Joseph Parsons. Deacon Jonathan Burt. Thomas Day, John Hitchcock. John Holyoke.
1683 .- Samuel Marshfield. Benjamin Parsons, John Dum- bleton, Japhet Chapin, James Warriner.
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HISTORICAL REVIEW.
1684 .- Jonathan Burt, Henry Chapin, John Hitchcock, Samuel Ball, John Holyoke.
1685 .-- George Colton, Samuel Marshfield, Benjamin Par- sons, John Dumbleton, Samuel Bliss.
1686 .- Japhet Chapin, John Hitchcock, Samuel Ball, Thomas Stebbins, John Holyoke.
1687 .- Jonathan Burt, Benjamin Parsons, Henry Chapin, John Dumbleton, Luke Hitchcock.
1688 .- Samuel Marshfield, Japhet Chapin, John Hitch- cock, Samuel Ball, John Holyoke.
1689 .- Japhet Chapin, John Hitchcock, Samuel Ball, Thomas Colton, James Warriner. Thomas Stebbins.
1689 .- John Dumbleton, Jonathan Burt, Benjamin Par- sons, Henry Chapin, Abel Wright .-- This board was chosen on the 3d Monday in May, in accordance with an Act of the General Court, which changed the day for holding the an- nual town meetings from February to May.
1690 .- Japhet Chapin, John Hitchcock, James Warriner. Thomas Stebbins, John Holyoke.
1691 .- Jonathan Burt, Henry Chapin, John Dumbleton, Isaac Colton, John Holyoke.
1692 .- Japhet Chapin, Thomas Colton, Samuel Bliss, Thomas Stebbins, John Barber.
1693 .- John Hitchcock, Eliakim Cooley. Joseph Steb- bins, Jonathan Ball. John Holyoke.
1694 .- Pelatiah Glover, John Dorchester, Joseph Steb- bins, Nathaniel Bliss, David Morgan.
1695 .- Thomas Cooper, Thomas Colton, Daniel Cooley, Charles Ferry, Senr .. John Holyoke.
1696 .- John Pynchon, Jr., James Warriner, Luke Hitch- cock, Edward Stebbins, Benjamin Leonard.
1697 .- Jonathan Burt, Henry Chapin, James Warriner, Sr., Samuel Bliss, Sr., John Warner.
1698 .- John Hitchcock, Benjamin Stebbins, Pelatiah Glover, Abel Wright, John Warner.
1699 .- Isaac Colton, John Hitchcock, Samuel Bliss, Sr., Joseph Stebbins, John Myrick.
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THE FIRST CENTURY OF SPRINGFIELD.
1700 .- Joseph Stebbins, Edward Stebbins, Japhet Chapin, James Warriner, Sr., Thomas Colton.
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