USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Chelmsford > Town annual report of Chelmsford 1946 > Part 15
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A second tabulation shows the expenditures for 1946 grouped into two categories, namely, salaries and other expenses.
The third tabulation shows what it costs to operate individual schools. Costs for administration and insurance are not included be- cause they apply equally to all units. Retirement payments are not included because they are not ordinary expenses. In certain categories, such as physicians, the total amount is prorated among the schools according to their enrollments. It will be well to observe closely the cost per pupil in small school units compared to the cost in larger units. Among the 85 towns with populations of 5000 or more the median cost per pupil for the school year ending June 30, 1946 was $106.72 for elementary schools, $162.04 for high schools, and $130.02 for all schools. The implication is clear that more could be spent for new high school courses if the cost per pupil in Chelmsford elementary schools were not so high.
The final tabulation shows the growth in school costs over a five year period.
The School Department's budget for 1947 is presented at the end of this section. It is hoped that by presenting this material the towns- people will have full opportunity to study the School Department budget before Town Meeting.
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT, DECEMBER 31, 1946 Expenditures
Available Expended
Balance
General Control
$ 6,445.00 $
6,320.40 $
124.60
Instruction
131,650.00
131,493.47
156.53
Janitors
15,270.00
15,219.68
50.32
Operation and Maintenance
12,800.00
12,410.85
389.15
Auxiliary Agencies
13.075.00
13,070,65
4.35
New Equipment
2,081.00
1,974.45
106.55
Athletics
1,009.97
1,009.97
Playgrounds
500.00
500.00
Retirement payments for teach-
ers in the Services
497.50
455.78
41.72
Totals
$183,328.47 $182,455.25 $ 873.22
254
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Credits
General School Fund . $ 11,334.50
Tuition and Transportation of State Wards
1,089.26
Tuition and Transportation of City of Boston Wards
352.56
Other Tuition
354.24
Rent of School Auditoriums
200.00
Miscellaneous Receipts
1.40
Total Credits
$ 13,331.96
Total expended
$182,455.25
Total Credits
13,331.96
Net cost to the Town
.
$169,123.29
Vocational Education
Vocational School tuition paid in 1946
$ 1,142.00
State reimbursement for the year
ending August 31, 1945
703.70
Net cost to the Town
$ 438.30
EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR 1946
Salaries:
Available
Expended
Balance
Superintendent
$ 4,300.00 $
4,300.00 $
Secretary
1,300.00
1,300.00
Teachers, principals
and supervisors
126,264.00
126,154.31
109.69
Attendance Officers
30.00
30.00
Janitors
15,270.00
15,219.68
50.32
Physicians
700.00
700.00
Total Salaries
$147,864.00 $147,703.99 $
160.01
255
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
All Other Expenditures:
Printing, Postage and
Stationery
$
164.00 $
153.64 $
10.36
Telephones
465.00
450.76
14.24
Expenses of Superintendent
86.00
86.00
Census
100.00
100.00
Textbooks
2,600.00
2,587.12
12.88
Instructional Supplies
2,786.00
2,752.04
33.96
Fuel
6,000.00
5,945.94
54.06
Repairs
3,570.00
3,257.09
312.91
Janitor's Supplies
760.00
758.83
1.17
Light & Water
2,135.00
2,118.59
16.41
Insurance
335.00
330.40
4.60
Transportation
12,275.00
12,275.00
Nurses Supplies
100.00
95.65
4.35
New Equipment
2,081.00
1,974.45
106.55
Playgrounds
500.00
500.00
Athletics
1,009.97
1,009.97
Retirement Payments
497.50
455.78
41.72
Total All Other Expenditures
$ 35,464.47 $ 34,751.26 $
713.21
Grand Total
$183,328.47 $182,455.25 $
873.22
EXPENDITURES GROUPED ACCORDING TO SCHOOLS Year ending December 31, 1946
ITEM
SCHOOLS
Salaries of principals
High
McFarlin
East
Highland Princeton
Quessy
South
Westlands
Totals
supervisors, teachers
School
Ave.
and substitute teachers $39,527.77 $23,354.53 $ 8,149.57 $ 8,648.03 $16,767.05 $ 8,615.33 $ 4,083.72 $17,008.31 $126,154.31
Books
1,332.16
534.95
116.44
82.35
181.53
102.83
61.96
174.90
2,587.12
Supplies
1,057.87
434.25
188.89
239.91
278.84
213.40
56.27
282.61
2,752.04
Janitors, substitutes
and assistants
3,760.44
2,069.75
1,500.00
1,540.00
1,859.63
1,559.86
1,130.00
1,800.00
15,219.68
Fuel
1,570.19
1,267.85
490.14
341.46
899.06
562.43
385.78
429.03
5,945.94
Repairs
1,975.76
369.93
42.35
212.07
457.12
69.80
23.28
106.78
3,257.09
Janitor's Supplies
231.73
113.58
66.29
62.14
98.24
65.70
30.96
90.19
758.83
Light and Water
770.10
593.76
212.40
81.53
120.02
90.47
45.76
204.55
2,118.59
Transportation
6,883.00
2,696.00
1,090.00
1,095.00
511.00
12,275.00
Physicians
290.00
124.00
40.00
32.00
91.00
32.00
15.00
76.00
700.00
Nurses Supplies
30.00
20.00
5.65
6.00
14.00
6.00
2.00
12.00
95.65
New Equipment
1,245,69
160.63
20.95
35.00
156.55
54.18
183.95
117.50
1,974.45
Playgrounds
58.00
200.00
15.00
6.00
221.00
500.00
Athletics
889.47
25.10
20.45
17.30
17.30
23.05
17.30
1,009.97
Totals
$59,622.18 $31,764.33 $10,853.13
$11,497.79 $22,045.34 $12,496.05
$6,529.68 $20,540.17 $175,348.67
Number of pupils
401
270
90
87
195
87
32
163
1325
Cost per pupil
.$ 148.68 $
117.64 $
120.59
$ 132.16 $
113.05 $
143.63 $
204.05 $
126.07 $
132.34
Median cost per pupil in
towns with pop. of 5000
or more; June, 1946 .... $ 162.04 $
106.72 $
106.72
$ 106.72 $
106.72 $
106.72 $
106.72 $
106.72 $
130.02
GROWTH IN SCHOOL APPROPRIATIONS
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
Administration
$ 4.025.00
$ 3,675.99
$ 3,875.00
$ 5,075.00
$ 6,445.00
Instruction
91,900.00
94,000.00
100,780.00
109,850.00
131,650.00
Operation and Maintenance
10,130,00
11,550.00
13,425.00
14,180.00
12,800.00
Janitors
11,500.00
12,600.00
13,860.00
15,250.00
15,270.00
Auxiliary Agencies
12,325.00
12,350.00
12,350.00
12,350.00
13,075.00
New Equipment
400.00
200.00
682.33
2,081.00
Playgrounds
450.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
500.00
Athletics
1,009.97
Retirement payments for Teachers in Services
289.00
235.75
497.50
$130,330.00
$135,075.00
$145,279.00
$158,123.08
$183,328.47
Credits
15,991.73
16,271.11
13,231.20
13,623.06
13,331.96
Net Cost to the Town
.$113,846.11
$117,367.04
$125,335.63
$144,500.02
$169,996.51
258
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT BUDGET-1947
Appropriated 1946
Requested for 1947
ADMINISTRATION
$6,445.00
$7,415.00
Note:
Administration includes Superintendent's salary ($4,700.00), Secretary's salary ($1,600.00), Attendance officer's salary ($50.00), postage, printing and stationery ($150.00), Superintendent's auto- mobile allowance ($300.00), telephones for all schools ($465.00), Superintendent's expenses to State and National conferences ($100.00) and miscellaneous expenses of administration ($50.00).
INSTRUCTION
$131,650.00 $158,900.00
Note:
Instructional costs include continuance of present salary rates which went into effect in September 1946 plus a $300.00 flat in- crease which altogether amounts to $151,100 .; text books ($3,500.); supplies ($3,750.00); graduation expense ($250.00); visual educa- tion (films) ($250.00); expenses of supervisors, principals and teachers ($50.00). If it is voted to equalize women's salaries with those of men the amount for salaries mentioned above ($151,100.00) would have to be increased, but since the amount appropriated would cover nine months of the school year, that is, from April 1, through December 31, the amount under this plan would actually call for $148,800.00.
JANITORS
$15,270.00 $17,710.00
Note:
This amount includes a $200.00 flat increase for each janitor, $100.00 for substitute janitors in case of illness and $600.00 for a part time janitor at the McFarlin School.
OPERATION and MAINTENANCE $12,800.00 $14,687.00
Note:
Operation and maintenance includes fuel ($6,500), repairs ($5,000), janitor supplies ($937) and light and water ($2,250). These amounts are the same as in previous years, with the exception of the cost of janitors' supplies which has increased about 25%.
259
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
AUXILIARY AGENCIES
$13,075.00
$15,525.00
Note:
Auxiliary Agencies include transportation ($14,000), late bus for athletes ($625), School Physicians ($800), Nurses Supplies ($100). It will be necessary to add another bus when the present contract expires. The present contract rate has been in effect for six years and increases in the rate will have to be met when a new contract is drawn.
ATHLETICS NEW EQUIPMENT
$1,000.00
$ 500.00
$2,081.00
$1,800.00
Note:
The major portion of new equipment funds will be used to replace · 14 typewriters in the High School which are now 10 years old.
PLAYGROUNDS
$500.00 $600.00
Note:
Additional playground area and better maintenance of existing playgrounds are the reasons for adding $100.00 to last years appro- priation.
RETIREMENT PAYMENTS FOR TEACHERS IN SERVICES
$497.50
None
$183,318.50
$217,137.00
Supplement
This section of the report of the Superintendent of Schools con- tains special reports from supervisors, principals and organizations. It also contains a list of graduates and the High School Graduation Program.
Athletic Association of the Chelmsford Schools
The Athletic Association of the Chelmsford Schools was organized during the Summer of 1946 for the purpose of setting up a means of handling gate receipts and expenditures within the school system. The following two reports show its financial records from the date of their beginning to December 31, 1946, including a report of the football season only. Miss Edith McCarthy, Asst. Principal at the High School is bookkeeper.
260
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
FINANCIAL REPORT ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION OF THE CHELMSFORD SCHOOLS September 9 to December 31, 1946
Receipts:
Gate Receipts $2,746.41
Dues from Grammar Schools 175.80
Dues from High School 595.80
Program Sales and Advertising 312.40
Concession 387.89
Guarantees
126.70
Miscellaneous*
359.68
Total Receipts
$4,704.68
Less: Payments
Officials, police and janitors $ 352.00
Field equipment and maintenance 2,732.27
Sports equipment 47.63
Taxes on games and dues
562.81
Concession
175.96
Program expenses
161.04
Miscellaneous*
527.04
Total Payments
$4,558.75
Balance, D'ec. 31, 1946
$ 145.93
Account-Union National Bank of Lowell
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946 $ 169.93
Less: Outstanding checks
24.00
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946 $ 145.93
*Change for games withdrawn and deposited to this item.
EVERETT L. HANDY,
Superintendent of Schools Treasurer.
261
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Financial Report of the 1946 Football Season
Receipts :
Gate Receipts
$2,577.16
Program sales and advertising
312.40
Concession
387.89
Guarantees
126.70
Miscellaneous*
359.68
Total Receipts $3,763.83
Less: Payments
Officials and police
$ 334.00
Concession
175.96
Sports Equipment
47.63
Taxes on games
434.21
Program expenses
161.04
Miscellaneous*
452.04
Total Payments $1,604.88
Net Proceeds
$2,158.95
*Change for games withdrawn and deposited to this item.
EVERETT L. HANDY,
Superintendent of Schools, Treasurer.
January 27, 1947
To the Citizens of Chelmsford:
The School Committee, in accordance with the rules governing the Athletic Association of the Chelmsford Schools, has audited the accounts of the Athletic Association of the Chelmsford Schools and found them to be correct and in order.
A. J. LUPIEN, Secretary, Chelmsford School Committee
262
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
REPORT OF PRINCIPAL
Dr. Everett L. Handy
Superintendent of Schools
Chelmsford, Massachusetts
My dear Dr. Handy:
I am pleased to submit, herewith, my seventeenth annual report as principal of Chelmsford High School.
Pupil Statistics
The total enrollment up to January 1, 1947 is as follows:
Class
Number of Boys Number of Girls
Total
Senior
29
45
74
Junior
43
44
87
Sophomore®
49
57
106
Freshman
72
64
136
Total
193
210
403
The following table shows the enrollment by classes up to January 1 for the past seven years.
Year
P.G.
Senior
Junior
Sophomore
Freshman
Total
1941
0
102
125
149
156
532
1942
4
100
123
134
126
487
1943
1
87
117
107
128
440
1944
1
70
79
95
122
367
1945
0
60
92
93
114
359
1946
1
63
94
96
122
376
1947
0
74
87
106
136
403
Faculty Changes
Mr. Earl J. Watt returned from the United States Navy on Feb- ruary 4, 1946 and taught freshman English for the remainder of the school year. In September Mr. Watt resumed his duties teaching French.
Miss Mildred Hehir, who taught French while Mr. Watt was in the Service, was appointed freshman English teacher this year.
Mr. Gerald A. Ivers returned from the Service and was appointed to teach mathematics and social sciences in September.
263
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Activities
The Chelmsford High School Band under the leadership of Mr. Bernie Larkin is filling a long felt need in our high school. The band plays for our high school assemblies, for the home games in football and basketball, and for the high and grammar school graduations. During the past year the band gave three open air concerts in town, one concert in the high school auditorium for the benefit of the band, and one for the benefit of the March of Dimes. The band has also played for various church and civic organizations.
Our high school band needs and deserves the help and support of the parents and friends of the school. We need more instruments in order to train undergraduates to be ready to take the places of the seniors who will be graduated in June. If any person has a band in- strument that he would be willing to give or loan to the school, it would be a real help.
This year it has been made possible through the efforts of Mr. Earl J. Watt, Miss Daisy B. MacBrayne, and the trustees of the Adams Library for the high school pupils to borrow books belonging to the Adams Library right here at the high school. This is a step toward the time when the high school can own and maintain a good library.
In spite of all the extra work that is put on the pupils and teachers of our high school, the real purpose of the high school "To teach people to live in this world" should not be lost sight of. The major problem of the high school today is to get the pupils to work up to their ability. More vocational courses (especially household arts for the girls )would help in solving this problem. If more parents would insist that their children stay at home on school nights and do their homework, there would be more pupils on our honor roll at graduation.
Report of Students' Fund
Following is the report of the Chelmsford High School Students' Fund as made by our Vice-Principal, Miss C. Edith McCarthy.
1. General Fund
Balance, Jan. 1, 1946 $ 386.65
Receipts, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 1,001.95
Total Receipts $1,388.60
Less: Payments, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 972.78
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946 $ 415.82
2. Chemistry Fund
Balance, Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1946 34.07
264
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
3. Slide Rule Club
Balance, Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1946 6.76
4. Dramatic Club
Balance, Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1946 28.53
5. Latin Club
Balance, Jan. 1 and Dec. 31, 1946 .31
6. Year Book of 1946 .
Receipts, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 741.25
Less: Payments, Jan. 1-Dec. 31 741.25
7. Music Fund
Balance, Jan. 1, 1946 $ 152.52
Receipts, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 279.70
Total Receipts 432.22
Less: Payments, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 257.52
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946
174.70
8. Fence Fund (Gifts of Classes of '35 and '38)
Receipts, June 1935 $ 50.00
Receipts, June 1938 75.00
Total Receipts 125.00
Less: Payments* Sept. 1946 125.00
*Expended by School Committee on new metal fence around Athletic Field.
9. Athletic Association
Balance, Jan. 1, 1946 $ 641.57
Receipts, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 867.39
Total Receipts
$1,508.96
Less: Payments* Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946
1,325.03
Balance, ** Dec. 31, 1946 $ 183.93 *Payments include $500 gift to School Com- mittee for Athletic Field and $595.80 dues to the Athletic Association of the Chelmsford Schools.
** Balance includes $75 due on outstanding bills from the $500 gift. The remainder, $108.93 has been voted by the pupils to be transferred to the Athletic Association of the Chelmsford Schools.
265
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
10. Class of 1946
Balance, Jan. 1, 1946 $ 156.28
Receipts, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 167.23
Total Receipts $ 323.51
Less: Payments* Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 323.51
*Payments include class gift of $161.76 to the School Committee towards a gate in the fence around the Athletic Field.
11. Class of 1947
Balance, Jan. 1, 1946 $ 91.97
Receipts, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 388.07
Total Receipts 480.04 1
Less: Payments, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 152.24
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946 $ 327.80
12. Class of 1948
Receipts, Sept. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 $ 176.07
Less: Payments, Sept. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 90.60
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946 $ 85.47
13. Chelmsford High School Band
Balance, Jan. 1, 1946 $ 798.90
Receipts, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946
856.00
Total Receipts $1,654.90
Less: Payments, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1946 1,546.37
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946 $ 108.53
TOTAL CASH in all Funds
$1,365.92
Distribution of Cash in Funds:
Checking Account: Union Nat'l Bank of Lowell
Balance
$1,185.38 45.63
Less: Outstanding Checks
Balance, Dec. 31, 1946 $1,139.75
On Interest: Lowell Institution for Savings 226.17
TOTAL CASH in Banks $1,365.92
266
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Other Funds:
Gift of Class of 1943:
Three War Bonds $25, Series F, for the High School
No. Q656202F, No. Q656203F, No. Q656204F.
I am pleased to acknowledge, with many thanks, the kind assistance and hearty cooperation that I have received from you, Dr. Handy, the School Committee, parents, faculty and student body, in trying to make our school what it should be.
Respectfully yours,
LUCIAN H. BURNS, Principal
December 31, 1946
To the Superintendent of Schools:
Boys' Physical Education in the Chelmsford Schools
The main objective of the physical education is in harmony with the aim of general education, that is, the optimum development, through total body activities primarily on a play level, of the physic- ally, mentally, and socially integrated and effective individual.
Our program contributes to the development of individual health, correction of defects, use of leisure time, and a knowledge of desirable activities.
In the grade schools our aim is primarily to develop an apprecia- tion of health. The program covers grades five to eight, two periods weekly.
Although our grade schools lack space and equipment, physical education covers the following phases:
1. Hygiene, where we endeavor to leave a health thought once a week.
2. Rhythmics, movements in patterns of tempo in relation to space and intensity.
3. Body Mechanics, calesthenics or free exercises.
4. Self-testing Activities, any activity requiring coordination, bal- ance ability, flexibility, strength, perseverance, determination and self-assurance.
5. Games and Contest, games of low organization, minor and major sports.
6. Testing, every child in grades five to eight has been tested for kyphosis (round shoulders), lordosis (hollow back), and sco- liosis (lateral curvature of the spine). The arms, hands and legs have also been tested. During the winter term the feet will be tested.
267
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
7. Correctives, informal corrective activities have been offered in groups and in specific cases on an individual basis.
In the High School the aim encompasses physical and organic growth and development, social traits and qualities, psychological development, safety and recreational skills.
This year the students have two periods a week, covering the following:
1. Hygiene
2. Rhythmics
3. Body Mechanics
4. Self-testing Activities
5. Games and Contest
6. P.F.I. testing
P.F.I. stands for physical fitness index; this is a score derived from comparing an achieved strength index with a norm based upon the individual's sex, weight, and age. It is a measure of general physical fitness, indicating the immediate capacity of the individual for physical activity. The procedure of the P.F.I. test is as follows:
a) Physical examination by a medical doctor
b) Recording of weight and height
c) Measuring arm strength
d) Measuring leg strength
e) Measuring back strength
f) Measuring hand strength
g) Measuring lung capacity
h) Arriving at a strength index
i) Comparison with a normal strength index
j) Determination of the physical fitness index
k) Classification of the pupil
1) The results of the P.F.I. test enables us to set up a program meeting individual needs.
m) If, in the process of testing, a child is found needing medical assistance, the parents and school physician are notified.
n) All boys in need of correctives will be offered, two afternoons a week, when a program sanctioned by the school physicians will be given.
0) Retest to determine results of program and to make changes.
p) Pupils with low P.F.I's will be retested frequently.
This year, we will have a Field Day, tentatively scheduled for June, where every grade of every school will participate.
Respectfully submitted,
PATRICK J. PAPPALARDO,
Supervisor of Physical Education for Boys.
1
268
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
December 31, 1946
To the Superintendent of Schools Chelmsford, Mass.
Physical Education is not a program designed solely for physical development; rather, it is a method of education. It is education in that Physical Education is concerned with all aspects of the child's welfare which endeavors to teach, demonstrate, and perform all the functions and characteristics of a good well-rounded educational program. This education is by participation in large muscle activities. Play is not wasted time, but when properly conducted and led it is extremely bene- ficial for the health, physical well-being, sociableness, and recreation of the child.
Health, of course, is a major consideration, but along with health, and equal to it is the development of social qualities-such as courage, preservation, initiative, cooperation, honesty, and self-confidence. The aim of the Physical Education is not to make amazons or tarzans out of our girls and boys, but to augment the educational development of these individuals, bringing neuro-muscular skills, proper social conduct, and a worthwhile regard for rules and leaders.
My schedule this year provided for a weekly visit to each grammar school, at which times I met with the lower grades for twenty minutes, the middle grades for twenty-five minutes, and the upper grades for thirty minute periods. The high school girls had two forty-five minute periods each week.
In working to accomplish the aims of Physical Education-which include all the aims and objectives of general education, I presented a graded program in the schools. This program was subdivided into various activity units as Playground Games, Rhythmic Activities, and Mimetics. These units are then divided again into types of activity. For example, under Playground Games-ball skills and games, hunt- ing games, individual athletic events. Rhythmic activities include such activities as singing games, folk dancing, social dancing, and rhythms. Stunts, story plays, imitations of animals and things, "dry runs" of athletic activities,-as basket shooting, football kicking, racing starts,. and the like are included under mimetics. The inclusion of all these things leads to a well-rounded Physical Education program, as it in- troduces the students to all phases of the study.
269
REPORT OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
In order to have a continuity in each activity, it is necessary that the program be graded. This entails presenting activities concomitant with the age and physical development of the children in any given grade. To illustrate "grading" we will trace one type of activity through the grades. For instance, in grades one and two emphasis on ball skills must be practically confined to throwing and catching- learning to throw or roll the ball accurately and to catch properly. In grades three and four, the technique of ball handling is continued, and new elements included-for example, aiming at a moving object, and dodging, and so we have dodge ball. The addition of a service, a base and two teams make line-up ball the next step in grades five and six, and the inclusion of more bases, positioning, and advanced teamwork makes bat-ball a fairly highly organized game-a good activity for the seventh and eigth grades. Continuing from there it is readily seen where basketball, football, baseball, soccer, and other games of high organization all branch out and are developed from these skills learned from the very first grades. This development is true of all activities -progressing from the simplest elements to a more complex and more highly organized activity.
The high school program was also divided into units-as field games, ball games, rhythms, and exercises. The major fall activity was to have been field hockey, but we were unable to use the fields for any length of time, and therefore, it was not possible to introduce field hockey with much success. Other ball games and skills have been volleyball, basketball, lead-up games, and the program calls for soft- ball and speedball in the spring. The rhythms unit will include folk, social and square dancing, and rhythms. The exercise unit will con- sist of those exercises which strengthen posture muscles, induce relax- ation, and teach coordination.
The response in all schools has been quite satisfying, and in many instances the classes and teachers have carried on the activities during the week. I would recommend that each classroom teacher spend a certain part of each day reviewing physical education activities, and providing a supervised play period for the class.
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