USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Saugus > Town annual report of Saugus 1898 > Part 14
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GRADE IV.
I. Continue the work of the preceding grades. Require fre- quent reproductions of the substance of lessons in nature study, reading and geography. Give particular attention to letter writ- ing and picture stories. Pupils should know the diacritical marks and learn how to use the dictionary.
2. The use of capitals - review and extend the work of the preceding grade. (Dictate choice selections of prose and poetry to be memorized.) Teach the use of quotation marks, exclama- tion point, and comma and colon before a quotation.
Teach the following abbreviations : Abbreviations for names, as Chas., Geo., Fred., Edw., etc. Teach each pupil the abbre- viated form of his own name if it has any ; also No., Co., etc., A.M., P.M., Capt., Col., R.R.
3. Teach pupils how to recognize and use the possessive singular and plural of nouns, avoiding special difficulties. Drill on verb and pronoun forms commonly misused, as write, think, lose, learn, teach and him, her, I, me, us, he, she, them, etc. Carefully consider any common errors in speech or use of words.
GRADE V.
I. Continue the work already begun in preceding grades, but the exercises should be of greater difficulty. Require the pupils daily to reproduce in writing what they have read or what they have been taught in geography, nature study or other school exercises. To secure orderly arrangement in the composition work, use a list of questions or simple outline. Pay some atten-
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COURSE OF STUDY.
tion to paragraphing. Study and description of selected pictures. Letter writing, including the envelope address. Accept none but the best work the pupil can do, and correct only the most important errors in any one exercise.
2. Pupils should understand all ordinary uses of capitals and marks of punctuation. They should thoroughly understand all abbreviations that occur in their school exercises.
3. Continue the work of topic three of Grade IV. Drill on the proper use of shall and will, did and done, see, saw and seen, sit and set, etc.
Homonyms, occasional exercises, as sew, so ; to, too, two ; pair, pear, pare ; great, grate ; our hour ; dew, due. Plurals in s, es, ies, ves, and without s.
(Encourage careful use of the dictionary. Beware of upward inflection in answers.)
GRADE VI.
I. Require pupils to reproduce orally and in writing the sub- stance of lessons in history, geography, literature and nature study. An outline may first be prepared and presented to the teacher for examination. This practice should be continued in subsequent grades. Aim to secure correct diction, accuracy of expression, and systematic arrangement. (Written work may be illustrated sometimes by selected pictures or original sketches.) Description of persons and places and narration of events or personal experiences. Letter writing -heading address, saluta- tion, body, close and signature, envelope address, postal card writing. Notes, receipts, telegrams and bills. (Persistently cor- rect the most common errors in oral and written language.)
2. The work of preceding grades in the use of capitals and marks of punctuation should be frequently reviewed by dictating to the class selections, selections of poetry to be memorized and selections of prose involving difficulties in punctuation.
Make a list of all abbreviations in common use and drill on the the same.
3. Occasional exercises in the use of synonyms. Review of plural and possessive forms. Divided quotations. Many exer- cises involving the use of pronouns. Make a list of fifty common
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COURSE OF STUDY.
verbs and drill in the use of the correct forms. Include both regular and irregular verbs, and present and past forms.
(Encourage frequent use of the dictionary.)
GRADE VII.
I. Frequent reproduction of the substance of lessons in literature, geography, history and other school studies. The study of Longfellow's "Evangeline" and "Courtship of Miles Standish," also Whittier's "Snow Bound" will furnish valuable material. Give thorough drill in business and social corres- pondence.
(Accept only the pupil's best work.)
2. Teach inductively the distinction of subject and predicate in simple sentences ; the kinds of sentences,-declarative, inter- rogative, imperative, and exclamatory.
Teach in the following order the parts of speech : Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjuctions, prepositions and interjections.
Develop the idea of modifiers and teach by use of simple sentences the distinction of adjective and adverbial modifiers.
(In this grade the formal study of technical grammar begins.)
GRADE VIII.
I. Frequent exercises in composition, based upon material furnished by lessons in the regular studies. (Pupils should be taught to paragraph well and to develop a subject logically and clearly.) In Dickens' "Christmas Carol" and "Cricket on the Hearth," also selections from Irving's "Sketch Book" will be found excellent material for compositions. Exercises based upon current events, personal experience or social and industrial life around the pupils.
2. The analysis of simple, complex, and compound sentences. (Avoid unusual difficulties.) Adjective and adverbial modifiers.
Teach with care and thoroughness the properties of the parts of speech.
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COURSE OF STUDY.
GRADE IX.
I. Much composition writing, with some attention to the elements and qualities of style. Letter writing, with special attention to the necessary qualities of a good letter.
Composition work may be based on Scott's "Lady of the Lake" and Lowell's "Vision of Sir Launfal," also upon lessons in geography, history, nature study and civics. Every written ex- ercise should represent the pupil's best effort.
2. A thorough study of the entire subject of technical gram- mar. Much practice in grammatical analysis. Some study of the derivation and composition of words, including consideration of the common prefixes and suffixes.
ARITHMETIC.
GENERAL DIRECTIONS.
I. Teach each new process objectively at first ; to be discon- tinued only when pupils can think without objects.
2. Carefully distinguish figures and abstract numbers. The former are merely symbols of number and should be used after the child has some knowledge of number.
3. Do not require written work until oral work has made clear the process. There should be much oral work in all grades.
4. The arrangement of this course is based upon the fact that many topics in arithmetic are easy in their elements but more difficult when fully developed. Hence many topics are begun in the lower grades but not completed until several years later.
5. Develop the use of language, written and oral. Explana- tions should be required but not in any set form, although loose, indefinite statements should not pass unnoticed. Pupils should often solve problems on the blackboard and explain the same.
6. Frequent exercises in rapid addition are called for. Accuracy and reasonable rapidity should be secured.
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COURSE OF STUDY.
GRADE I.
I. Numbers from I to 10.
2. The fractions 2, 4, 3 taught objectively.
3. Pint, quart ; inch, foot ; quart, peck ; cent, nickel, dime ; days of the week ; square inch ; cubic inch.
Notes. Pupils are not to begin number work before the third month in school. Teach figures after the pupils clearly under- stand the numbers thus represented. Teach everything objectively. Teach no unequal divisions. Let every pupil have counters and perform the operations for himself. Give about half of the time devoted to this subject to practical problems. Have some work in adding single columns, the sum not to equal Io, and verify by subtraction.
GRADE II.
I. Numbers from 10 to 20 objectively. A thorough drill in figure work, involving all the numbers and combinations taught ; also the signs +, -, x, +, = and ? Much practice in rapid oral work, using many practical problems.
2. Notation to 100. Roman numerals to XX.
3. 2, 4, 3 ; 3, 3, 4 ; 3, 76; 4. Teach objectively and with much care.
4. Pint, quart, gallon ; inch, foot, yard ; quart, peck, bushel ; day, week, month, year ; ounce, pound ; dozen ; coins to one dollar. Drill in finding area of square and oblong by dividing into square inches.
GRADE III.
I. Numbers from 20 to 100 carefully taught. Teach addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, using no number of more than three figures and no multiplier or divisor greater than 10.
2. Notation to 1,000. Roman numerals to C.
3. Fractions as in Grade II, also 1 and 1. Reduction of simple mixed numbers and improper fractions. Accustom pupils to the use of diagrams. Drill in addition and subtraction of fractions, at first of like denominators.
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COURSE OF STUDY.
4. Compound numbers as in Grade II, also seconds, minutes, hours. A large number of easy practical problems. Teach pupils to tell time by the clock.
5. Teach angle, right angle, acute angle and obtuse angle. Teach by cutting and drawing, the area of right angled triangle. (Half of square or oblong cut by diagonal.) Develop method of finding area by square or oblong. (Observe number of rows and units in a row.)
GRADE IV.
I. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of whole numbers involving no number of more than four figures and no multiplier or divisor of more than two figures. (Pupils should be familiar with the names of the terms used.)
2. Write and read numbers of six figures. Roman numerals to M.
3. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of frac- tions,-easy work .- Illustrate by diagrams as much as necessary. Deduce a few simple rules from many practical problems involving the simpler processes.
4. Time, linear, liquid and dry measures, and United States money. Square measure, (in. ft. yd.) easy problems, also wood measure.
5. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of decimals using only tenths and hundredths. Lead pupils to see reason for "pointing off" by first using many simple examples. At first use only a whole number for multiplier or divisor.
6. Teach the rates 50%, 25%: 333%, 100%, 75%, 66% and 10%. Thorough drill in both oral and figure work.
7. Review and continue topic five of Grade III. Contrast the square, oblong and triangle, and methods of finding area. Teach method of finding entire surface of square pyramid and develop rule. Many practical problems.
Notes. Have rapid oral work a few minutes daily. Empha- size accuracy and rapidity. Teach spelling of new words as they occur.
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COURSE OF STUDY.
GRADE V.
I. The fundamental operations involving the use of numbers of not more than seven figures. Careful drill in rapid oral work especially addition. Prime numbers, factoring, common factor, common multiple, largely oral.
2 Writing and reading numbers of nine figures, decimals through thousandths.
3. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of fractions, all the processes. Easy problems, not often using a denominator greater than 12.
4. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of deci- mals, using not more than three or four decimal places.
5. All weights and measures not yet taught, except Troy weight and Apothecaries' weight, and angular measure and surveyor's measure. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, (very little) of compound numbers, using no long or difficult problems.
6. Continue the work of topic six, Grade IV. Apply to easy problems of gain or loss, also simple work in interest.
7. Teach the contents of cube, square prism and rectangular prism by observing the number of cubic units in a row, the number of rows in a layer, and the number of layers.
Notes. Have oral drill daily. Frequent exercises in rapid addition of long columns. Have pupils give original problems often. Teach the spelling of new words as they occur. Teach how to write a receipt, also a due bill.
GRADE VI.
I. Greatest common divisor ; least common multiple ; cancel- lation. Avoid needless difficulties.
2. Complete common and decimal fractions.
3. Review the work of topic five, Grade V. Complete com- pound numbers, as given in the text-book, omitting angular measure and surveyor's measure. Make large use of practical measurements.
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COURSE OF STUDY.
4. Continue work in percentage, both oral and written, avoid- ing difficult problems. Easy work in simple interest, gain and loss and trade discount, largely oral.
5. Review of topic seven, Grade V. Find surface of square pyramid, and develop rule. By drawing and cutting teach pupils that the area of a circle is equal to an oblong with length equal to one-half of the circumference, and width equal to the radius. Surface of cylinder, length and diameter being given. Many practical problems.
GRADE VII.
I. Review of the work of previous grades by the use of many selected problems.
2. Percentage, trade discount, profit and loss, commission and brokerage, and insurance carefully and thoroughly taught. Pupils should clearly understand the nature and purpose of each topic and the business transactions involved.
3. Simple interest, taxes, ratio and simple proportion. Special attention to business methods.
4. Area of rectangle, parallelogram, rhomboid, rhombus and scalene triangle. Area of circle. Cubic contents of cone and sphere. Many practical problems.
Note. Teach the spelling of new words as they occur.
GRADE VIII.
I. Review of subjects previously taught. Frequent exercises in reading problems and "forecasting" the answers. Rapid oral work often.
2. Bank discount, annual and compound interest, custom house business, simple partnership and compound proportion (by analysis).
3. Surveyor's measure. Show clearly the way in which public lands are divided in the government surveys.
Angular Measure. A thorough study of circles, measurements of angles, and the terms circumference, diameter, radius, axis, degrees, arc, and great and small circles. Measurement of
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COURSE OF STUDY.
angles on a sphere. Longitude and time-many practical problems.
4. Many problems pertaining to the work of carpenters, brick- layers and masons.
GRADE IX.
1. Review work of previous grades, giving special attention to common and decimal fractions, percentage, interest and dis- count. Business methods.
2. Partial payments (U. S. rule), stocks and bonds, square root with practical applications, exchange briefly, and cube root.
3. Mensuration. Review of previous work. Many problems involving the use of square and cube root.
4. Algebra twice a week through the year. Addition, sub- traction, multiplication and division of positive and negative quantities. The binomial theorem. The use of the parenthesis. Factoring. Fractions. A large number of problems, not too difficult. Other topics if time permits.
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SAUGUS PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1729 00051 3934
SAUGUS PUBLIC LIBRARY 295 Central St. Saugus, MA 01905
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