USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Weymouth > Town annual report of Weymouth 1903 > Part 16
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The great, powers of Europe are making vast strides in these directions, and they are educating their youth at great expense to meet the emergency. Can America afford to lag in the race ? Can New England, especially, expect to win on any other lines ? The truth is we must train the hands as well as the brains of the children, that we may be able to successfully compete in the markets of the world.
Through the public spirit of the citizens of the south village a room has been fitted up in the basement of the Fogg library with sixteen benches for wood working. Here the boys of the seventh, eighth and ninth grades of Wards 4 and 5 receive one lesson & week under a competent instructor in manual training. It is hoped that the good work will go on and that the children of other parts of the town may be given like advantages.
LIBRARY AND SCHOOL.
One way to have a public library grow in service to the com- munity is to train the young people in its use. This is evidently the opinion of our librarians, for they have extended every courtesy to teachers and pupils, and have sought in many ways to have the libraries supplement the work of the schools. From the Tufts library boxes containing some twenty-five books have been sent to many school buildings at a distance from the library. These books have been used by the scholars for a term and then exchanged for fresh volumes. I wish to extend the thanks of the School Department to the library authorities for their aid to the schools.
MORAL AND RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION.
At the present time much is said about the moral and religious teaching of children, and opinions differ as to just what is the proper function of the public school in this respect. Undoubtedly the school should share in the great work, but the home, the church and the community are also responsible.
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18
A well conducted school by its organization, discipline and in- struction instills numerous virtues, such as order, regularity, punctuality, obedience, industry, perseverance, neatness, respect for law and proper authority, regard for the rights of others, jus- tice, patriotism, truthfulness, integrity, temperance and purity. The great moral force of a school is the personality of the teacher. Those who regard religion as essentially 'a manner of life claim that the schools do teach religion, while those who re- gard religion as largely institutional think that the public schools are Godless, because no instruction in religious dogma is at- tempted.
United States Commissioner of Education Dr. Wm. T. Harris makes a distinction between religious and secular instruction. He says that the most value accrues from the study of the usual subjects of knowledge when the student approaches his work in an enquiring and critical attitude of mind. Religious truth, on the other hand, appealing to the spiritual nature, is best received in an exalted frame of mind, that the revelation may touch the soul. Such truth should be taught authoritatively. He con- cludes that to attempt to teach religious and secular truth in the same way or at the same time is detrimental to the best results in either.
One thing is certain that with the decline of home training and the increase of the influences from the street a much greater bur- den is thrust upon the school and the church. This increased re- ponsibility the school is trying to meet in various ways ; by rais- ing the standards for teachers, by improving the courses of study, by providing more healthful and attractive school buildings and surroundings, and, in the large cities especially, by extending educational influences through vacation schools, athletics, school gardens and evening sessions conducted on social lines.
TEXT-BOOKS.
In the primary and grammar grades the text-books were scanty and in poor condition. They differed in kind in the several wards. The effect of this lack of uniformity was felt when the pupils from different schools came together in the upper classes. It was dif- ficult for them to work together because of the lack of a common preparation in the essentials. Little good reading material existed in the grammar grades. This need has been partially supplied.
19
Much attention is being given to reading and to the study of good literature. Owing to the prevalence of contagious diseases in some schools many books have been burned. For these various reasons the amount expended for text-books has been large.
MEDICAL INSPECTION.
The law requires children to attend school and the authorities are in duty bound to take every precaution to protect their life and health while in school. The buildings and their surroundings should be kept in proper sanitary condition and be provided with adequate means of exit in case of fire. As far as possible chil- dren should be protected from exposure to contagious diseases, and it is an excellent thing for the teacher to know the physical condition of each pupil. A child is often called stupid when the trouble is due to defective sight or hearing or adenoid growths, or some other physical defect unknown to parents or teachers. This calls for expert inspection such as a physician alone can give. If on the Board of Health there was a physician who could make the rounds of the schools, and upon whom the teachers might call for advice in special cases, a decided benefit would accrue to the children in the prevention of disease. This is not intended as a reflection upon our present Board of Health, who are as efficient as people without special medical education and experience can be. I believe they will heartily indorse my recommendation because they realize more fully than others the great need that exists for expert medical supervision of the schools.
METHODS OF MARKING AND PROMOTING PUPILS.
The method formerly in vogue was to promote from the per cent. obtained by the pupil in a written examination at the close of the school year. This plan was thought to be unfair to the child who could not express himself easily in writing or who might not be feeling well at the time. It subjected the child to a severe nervous strain to which physicians objected. It encouraged "cram- ming " and placed the emphasis upon memory rather than ability, and, at best, discovered what the child didn't know rather than what he did know. The method now in use in our schools is very different. The teacher keeps a weekly record of the child's work,
20
manual, oral and written. The record is the teacher's estimate of the pupil's accomplishment, and is expressed for convenience in figures on the basis of one hundred, twenty points to the hundred. For example, the pupil receives for his week's work in a given subject 65, 70, 75 or 80, etc., according to the teacher's judgment of the value of the work. These figures are not given to the child. Once in eight weeks cards are sent home to the parent bearing the average of these estimates expressed in letters. B means 50 or below, P from 50 to 70, F from 70 to 80, G 80 to 90, E 90 or over. A plus sign following P indicates 65. This allows a difference of two points between each letter. The ranks are made public by letters to avoid as much as possible the petty rivalries which often cause nervous strain and unpleasant feeling between ambitious children. The teacher will, however, give to any parent who requests it the rank in figures.
In addition to the bi-monthly report card, the teachers use a special blank, which is sent to the parent monthly if the child is poor in his work, deportment or attendance. To secure uncondi- tional promotion at the end of the year the pupil's five bi-monthly ranks should average at least 70 out of a possible 100.
At the close of the first half of the school year in February a general review of the work done since September is taken. Just before this review the teachers recommend to the principal and superintendent any pupils who have been doing advanced work in their classes with a view to " double " promotion. The work of these pupils is examined, and if everything seems favorable they are placed in the next higher grade on trial, and they take the review work with that grade. If their ability warrants, they are allowed to complete the year with the class and to go on with that grade in September. Double promotion can be most easily taken in the intermediate grades. Children are also placed in the class above or in the class below at any time when, in the judgment of the teacher, principal and superintendent such change would be a benefit.
It will be seen that this system of marking and promotion is designed to give each child credit for all that he does, and to make his industry and ability the measure of his progress.
21
TEACHERS' SALARIES.
Our teachers are a faithful, industrious, and enthusiastic corps of workers. The public demands much more of teachers now than formerly. They are obliged to spend several more years in preparation, and their work requires more nervous energy and many hours outside of school each day. They are obliged to keep up with the times by reading books and papers, by attending conven- tions and lectures, by travel, and by work in summer schools. They are expected to dress in good taste, to live well, in short, to be people of refinement. All this takes money. Few, if any, have the strength or opportunity to earn anything during vacations. On the contrary vacation is their only time for extra study and travel. As soon as the teacher fails in health, eyes grow dim, or ears grow dull, he is unfitted for his work and finds himself with- out money or means of livelihood.
The day laborer at two dollars a day in three hundred working days receives six hundred dollars. The maximum salary of our teachers below the seventh grade is four hundred and seventy-five dollars a year. It ought to be at least five hundred dollars a year.
EVENING SCHOOL.
In compliance with the demands of the State law, an evening school was opened in the Franklin School Building, East Wey- mouth, November 3, 1903. The school sessions were held on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday evenings of each week, from 7.30 to 9.15. The first week witnessed an average attendance of 98 pupils, with 5 teachers in charge. By the second week the attendance was reduced to 73, and afterwards steadily decreased. The average attendance for November, December and January was 34.
Work in arithmetic, English (including reading, spelling, pen- manship, composition and grammar), United States history, geo- graphy, bookkeeping and drawing was offered. Teachers from among our most skilful day-school instructors were employed, and the rooms were well lighted and heated.
Many of those who at first applied were evidently attracted by the novelty of the thing, and the desire for a "good time." Others became impatient before the task of organizing the work for such a motley collection of students could be completed.
22
Many had attended the day schools for from eight to twelve years, and desired more advanced work than the above-mentioned subjects include, and only a few possessed the necessary perse- verance and energy to attend regularly. One small class of illiterate foreigners, compelled by law to attend, made rapid progress in reading and speaking English.
THE COST OF THE SCHOOLS.
It is worth while to look carefully at the facts of school expend- iture that we may know how and where the money goes. In round numbers :
The appropriation was
$50,000 00 Salaries of 62 teachers and superin-
tendent
. $35,000 00
Salaries of 13 Janitors
3,500 00
38,500 00
$11,500 00
This leaves some $11,500 to pay for fuel, to keep the eighteen buildings in repair, and to buy text-books and supplies for the over twenty-two hundred school children enrolled in our schools. A little thought will convince any one that there. cannot be much unnecessary expenditure by the school department.
I will close with an expression of gratitude for the courtesy shown me by the board, the teachers, the pupils and the towns- people. I have been frequently encouraged by the evident in- terest manifested by the citizens in their public schools.
Respectfully submitted, ELMER E. SHERMAN,
· Superintendent of Schools.
APPENDICES.
I. School Laws in Brief.
1. All children between 7 and 14, unless sick, feeble-minded, at an approved private school, or otherwise instructed in branches required by law, to the satisfaction of the School Committee, must attend the public school during the entire time of each school year. Penalty to parent or guardian for failure in attend- ance for five days' sessions within any period of six months, $20. -Revised Laws, Chap. 44, Sect. 1.
2. No child under 14 shall be employed "in any factory, workshop, or mercantile establishment." " No such child shall be employed in any work performed for wages or other compen- sation" during the hours when the public school is in session, nor before six o'clock in the morning, nor after seven in the evening. -Chap. 106, Sect. 28.
3. No child under 16 shall be employed in any factory, work- shop or mercantile establishment without a certificate from the Superintendent of Schools. He must present an employment ticket from the person who wishes to employ him, on applying for a certificate. The father, if living and a resident, must sign the certificate of age; if not, the mother; if neither, the guardian .- Chap. 106, Sects. 29, 30, 31, 32.
4. Children between seven and sixteen must either attend school or be regularly employed .- Chap. 46, Sect. 4.
5. Whenever a child is absent from school for the whole or a part of a session a written excuse stating cause of absence, and signed by parent or guardian, must be presented by the pupil on his return to school .- Chap. 44, Sect. 1.
6. "A pupil who is not present during at least half of the ses- sion shall be marked and counted as absent for that session."- Chap. 43, Sect. 10.
7. While a public evening school is maintained in a city or town in which any minor who is over fourteen years of age and
.
24
who does not have a school certificate resides, no person shall employ him unless he is a regular attendant at such evening school or a day school. Any minor not holding a certificate shall furnish to his employer a record of his attendance each week while the evening school is in session. Unexcused absences from the evening school shall be deemed irregular attendance. Fine to parent or guardian, $20, and to employer, $100 .- Revised Laws, Chap. 183, Sect. 35
8. Children must be vaccinated before attending school, but a certificate from a regular physican, saying a child is an unfit sub- ject for vaccination, allows attendance.
No child can attend school from a household in which there is a case of smallpox, diphtheria, scarlet fever or measles, or from a household exposed to a contagion from a household as afore- said. Two weeks after the death, removal or recovery of the patient in a case of the first three mentioned, or three days after in a case of measles, the child may return on presentation of a certificate from the attending physican or from the Board of Health .- Chap. 44, Sect. 6.
9. '"A child under fourteen years of age who persistently vio- lates the reasonable regulations of the sshool which he attends, or otherwise persistently misbehaves therein, so as to render himself a fit subject for exclusion therefrom, shall be deemed to be an habitual school offender and may upon complaint by a truant offi- cer, and conviction thereof, be committed, if a boy, to a county truant school for not more than two years, or to the Lyman school for boys, and, if a girl, to the state industrial school for girls."- Chap. 46, Sect. 5.
10. Every child, of whatever age, enrolled as a member of a public school is subject to the regulations governing the attend- ance and behavior of the other pupils of the school, and the at- tendance officers shall enforce the same .- Chap. 44, Sect. 3; Chap. 46, Sects. 4, 13.
11. "The last regular session prior to Memorial Day, or a portion thereof, shall be devoted to exercises of a patriotic na- ture."-Chap. 42, Sect. 20.
12. A United States flag, not less than four feet in length, shall be displayed on the schoolhouse grounds or building every school day, when the weather will permit, and on the inside of the schoolhouse on other school days .- Chap. 42, Sect. 50.
25
SELECTIONS FROM THE REGULATIONS OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
Sect. 40. Every pupil is expected to attend school punctually and regularly ; to conform to the regulations of the school; to observe good order and propriety of deportment; to be diligent, respectful to teachers, and kind and obliging to school-mates ; to refrain entirely from the use of profane and vulgar language; to be clean and neat in person and clothing ; and when dismissed at the close of each session to go promptly and quietly home, unless otherwise directed by parents or guardian.
Sect. 44. In the school room the teacher has exclusive control of his pupils.
He may rightfully exercise the same full control over his pupils at any time while they are on any part of the school premises.
While the pupils are on their way to and from the school, the authority of the teacher is concurrent with that of the parent or guardian.
Sect. 47. Corporal punishment shall not be administered dur- ing the session in which the offence is committed, nor in the pres- ence of other children.
Sect. 48. Detention of children. (a) No child shall be de- tained, under any pretext, at the close of the morning session, and teachers are expected to see that children do not loiter upon the streets near the school building; (b) No child shall be de- tained more than thirty minutes after the close of the afternoon session, nor below the tenth grade, be allowed to remain of his own volition over thirty minutes without previous arrangement with parent or guardian.
Statistics. A.
Population of Weymouth. census of 1900 11,324 Assessed valuation May 1, 1903 . 7,010,726
SCHOOL CENSUS, SEPTEMBER, 1903.
Number of children in town between 5 and 15 : Males 953 females 943, total 1,896
Number of children in town between 7 and 14 : Males 692, females 695, total · Number of illiterate minors over 14 years of age :
1,387
Males 0, females 0, total . · 0
.
26
SCHOOL REGISTERS, SEPTEMBER, 1902, TO JUNE, 1903.
Number schoolhouses occupied
18
Number schools 52
Number of teachers employed by public day schools : men 8, women 54, total . 62
Number of different teachers employed during the year : Males 7, females 57, total 66
Number of teachers graduated from Normal schools . 14
Number of teachers who have attended Normal schools without graduating .
4
Number of teachers who have graduated from col- leges
9
Number of teachers who have attended college with- out graduating
5
Number of different pupils enrolled in all the schools
2,274
Number under 5 years of age .
39
Number over 15
237
Number between 7 and 14 years of age
1,420
Number between 5 and 15
1,988
Average membership
2,061
Average attendance
1,923
Average per cent. of attendance, based on average membership
93+
Average length of school, 9 months 82 days.
Statistics. B. TABLE OF SCHOOL CENSUS BY WARDS, SEPTEMBER, 1903.
WARDS.
BOYS
BETWEEN
7 AND 14.
GIRLS
BETWEEN
7 AND 14.
TOTAL,
1903. .
. TOTAL,
1902.
BOYS
5 AND 15.
BETWEEN
5 AND 15.
TOTAL,
1903.
TOTAL,
1902.
GAIN OR
LOSS.
Ward 1. .
122
100
222
277
159
139
298
286
Gain 12
Ward 2. .
235
248
483
466
327
343
670
666
Gain 4
Ward 3. .
134
142
276
272
181
173
354
373
Loss 19
Ward 4. .
91
109
200
198
128
150
278
265
Gain 13
Ward 5. .
. 110
96
206
259
158
138
296
283
Gain 13
Totals .
692
695
1387
1472
953
943
1896
1873
Gain'23
.
.
BETWEEN
GIRLS
27
School Enrollment, by Grades-C .- Sept., 1903.
SCHOOL.
SUB PRI- M'RY.
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
x
XI
XII
XIII
Totals
Athens.
*22
8
28
45
17
29
37
36
17
11
. .
..
..
..
River
5
3
2
5
3
2
..
.
..
.
. .
Adams
14
4
5
10
.
. .
. .
High
. .
.
. .
. .
..
. .
. .
. .
94
66
52
36
248
Jefferson
35
25
20
37
31
18
Franklin
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
Bicknell.
..
..
..
..
49 8 :
. . :
:
. .
. .
Holbrook.
6
3
11
8
..
. . :
11 =J
:
Howe
23
15
25
5 16
21
38
..
.. 9 : 34
35
35
. .
23
Hollis
10
6
7
9
..
. .
:
:
22
12
10
11
13
16
22
16
12
..
. .
..
..
. .
49
46
39
37
39
Tufts
12
12
. .
12 31
16 37
Lincoln
14
13
42
..
.
..
. .
..
..
..
. .
..
..
Totals.
176
171
195
245
206
218
225
193
150
119
94
66
52
36
2146
4
8
17
14
. .
..
. .
:
Bates
. .
. .
..
. .
..
33
Pond
5
3
7
4
4
. .
..
..
. .
:
. .
:
:
26 47
16
89
Washington
19
19 36
43
43
47
256
28
Pratt
5
5
Total Enrollment September, 1902, 2,079. Gain, 67.
*Pupils under one teacher are bracketed.
Number of teachers, 62; regular, 60; special, 2. Buildings, 18.
. .
..
166
:
41
49
34
124
64
143
137
32
Shaw.
134
210
Hunt.
120
. .
69
. .
250
20
33
Details of Statistics, September, 1902, to June, 1903 .- D.
Months and
Days.
No. Enrolled.
Boys
Girls.
Average Member-
Average Daily
Average Per Cent.
No of Days'
Tardinesses.
Dismissals.
Punishments.
No. of Truants
No. of Investi-
No. over 15 years
No. under 5.
No. between 5
No between 7
and 14.
intendent.
Visits by Others.
WARD 1.
D. M.
Athens-9.
9
11
26
19
25.73
24.21
44
38
0
0
8
0
18
15
28
66
Athens-7-8.
9
101
33
19
14
31.23
30.33
37
10
1
0
0
3
0
30
25
22
60
Athens-6 . ..
9
102
38
21
17
37.78
35.29
93.40
67
46
2
0
0
1
0
37
36
18
70
Athens-5 .
9
1. 1
35
16
19
33.40
31.20
93.40
433
87
60
4
0
1
0
0
35
35
22
103
Athens-3-4 . .
9
10
36
18
18
35.20
33.20
94.31
382%
89
38
1
0
0
0
36
36
21
67
Athens-2 ....
9
10
41
29
12
39.45
37.20
94.30
447元
43
10
0
2
2
0
0
41
25
17
139
Athens-1 .
9
45
17
24
34.14
30.33
88.85
743%
60
16
0
1
1
0
4
41
5
17
143
River-1-5 . ..
8
16
11
5
14.00
13.00
91.00
3775
29
10
0
0
0
0
1
15
10
6
12
9
34
21
13
29.00
26.00
91.00
5472
88
23
3
1
2
0
4
30
22
8
84
Total Ward 1.
304
159
141
279.93
260.76
93.15
38322
544
251
11
6
12
9
283
209
159
744
V. ARD 2.
Franklin-9
9
9
41
23
18
38.30
37.15
96.98
231
75
107
3
2
2
10
0
31
15
20
90
Franklin-8 ..
9
9
46
30
16
43.50
42.25
96.10
412
21
71
3
2
2
4
0
42
34
19
84
Franklin-7 .
9
9
34
17
17
30.85
29.40
96.20
431}
10
48
2
0
0
4
0
30
27
16
65
Bicknell-7.
11
25
9
16
24.30
22.54
92.75
352
13
2
0
0
0
0
25
20
10
39
Bicknell-6 .. .
11
50
23
> 27
47.08
45.26
96.10
365
8
15
5
2
6
0
0
50
50
10
42
9
10
49
20
29
48.33
46.06
453%
60
70
15
3
12
0
0
49
48
16
97
Jefferson-3-4 .
10
49
27
22
48.49
45.93
94.72
513
46
77
6
0
0
0
0
49
49
22
104
Jefferson-1-2 .
9
10
45
27
18
41.50
37.70
89.99
756
39
49
1
0
0
0
0
45
25
20
108
Jefferson-sub. 1.
10
51
24
37.36
32.23
86.25
40
29
0
5
0
6
45
1
15
71
Washington-5.
9
14
46
17
29
45.74
43.01
94.03
5053
68
69
20
2
15
1
0
45
45
14
19
Washington-4 .
3
15%
48
28
20
45.60
42.44
93.07
59.25
75
45
6
5
12
0
0
48
48
10
34
Washington-3 ..
8
15%
52
28
24
49.00
46.00
94.00
5883
50
24
0
2
2
0
0
52
51
11
29
Washington-2.
8
15%
53
24
29
45.29
42.81
94.52
458
33
9
3
2
2
0
0
53
31
10
74
Washington-1.
15%
39
26
13
43.80
$9.90
91.35
720%
46
24
0
0
2
0
0
39
8
10
91
8
15%
65
26
39
42.36
39.40
88.30
9163
63
24
0
1
1
48
3
14
114
Total Ward 2 ..
693
349
344
631.50
590.08
95.02
8322
640
674
65
23
61
19
23
651
455
217 1061
.
28
SCHOOLS.
ship.
Attendance.
Attendance.
Absence.
Corporal
Reported.
gations.
of age.
and 15.
Visits by Super-
95.20 97.11
238% 176 486%
0
Adams-1-4 ...
9
9
9
Jefferson-5-6 .
9
9
27
1026%
2
Washington-sub. 1.
95.30
6
0
WARD 3.
20
Hunt-9 ..
9
10%
31
11 19
20 27
27.60 40.79 35.60 37.30 45.78 43.7
25.40 35.03 33.60 34.90 43.53 40.10 2.6.
90.90 85.80 94.20 93.20 95.07
4412 11042 390 463% 4512 729
16
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1 0
0 0 0
44
46 44 2
15 16
126
Lincoln-2 ..
9
10
44
27
17
16
23.60
25
36.40
34.10
. 91.70 87.20 93.60
609 460
17
35
0
0
0
0
0
49
49
27
:16
Tufts-4 ..
9
Tufts-3-4
9
00
12
3
9
31.97
29.36 30.39 34.00
91.84 91.50 87.30
523% 575 14412
35 11 39
14 41 31
0 1
0 1
0 2
0 0
4
45 47
43
18
99
Tufts-3.
9
94
45
24
21
51
31
20
33.10 39.10
12
83
Tufts-1
9
Total Ward 3
439
217
222
394.84
360.52
91.31
7189
27+
708
36
5
9
19
4
416
328
199
1026
WARD 4.
Shaw-7-8-9 ..
9
12,
32
11
21
37.00 36.64
30.60 34.92
95.62 95.29
279%
12
61
0
0
0
0
0
32
26
14
61
Shaw-5-6
9
13
37
22
15
14
28.45
27.00
94.87
291元
18
39
0
0
0
0
0
28
28
9
67
Shaw-3-4 .
9
13
3L
19
12
26.92
24.50
91.01
48+
24
8
0
0
0
0
3
28
3
11
49
Shaw-1-2 ..
9
13
.
112
50
20
30
45.46
41.47
91.22
797
43
51
5
0
0
0
0
50
43
20
26
9
11}
27
14
13
24.00
20.00
83.33
798%
43
43
0
0
0
0
1
26
15
15
9
Holbrook-1-4
102
36
15
21
33.00
29.00
87.87
6672
58
18
0
0
0
1
35
20
13
79
Total Ward +.
241
115
126
226.47
207.49
91.62
3662,
215
276
6
0
1
0
5
236
170
91
364
WARD 5.
Bates-8-9 .
9
10
44
28
16
40.00
38.20 26.40
95.40 94.10
300%
4
49
0
0
()
0
0
30
25
13
69
Bates-7 ...
9
95
30
18
12
27.90
33.00
91.00
617
9
84
0
0
1
0
0
39
35
12
95
Bates-6
9
00
39
17
22
·7.'0
10
27.00
25.55
94.00
329
13
30
0
0
0
0
0
24
24
13
99
Bates-5 .
9
91
24
35
16
19
34.64
32.17
92.87 92.26
494 135
16
39
0
0
0
0
0
35
35
27
238
Howe-3-4
9
18
30
15
15
28.00
25.83
87.77
10382
92
56
0
0
0
0
5
56
10
15
123
Howe-1.
00
61
32
29
42.47
37.28
88.90
601
44
15
0
0
0
1
34
16
9
58
9
10%
35
16
19
27.00
8
31.25
28.78
92.00
693를
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