USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Newton > Town of Newton annual report 1860-1864 > Part 35
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66 66 postage, revenue stamps, and stationery, 24 24
Otis Pettee, for use of horse and carriage for assessors,
40 00
postage and stationery,
18 00
Daniel Condren, for stone work at Town House, 2 00
3 30
John Dustin, for assistance in removing the corpse of a woman found in the woods, 11 50
E. J. Collins, for cash paid for examining Town records, etc., to obtain loan, 15 00
E. J. Collins, for cash paid for revenue stamps for Town notes and other papers, 44 64
Amount carried forward,
$1,358 63
96
Thomas Rice, Jr., paid for postage and stationery, Vaughn Jones, express,
6 51
C. S. Phillips, for setting glass 66
1 75
. 41
Amount brought forward, $1,358 63
E. J. Collins, for attending meetings of Selectmen to March 12, 1864, 35 00
E. J. Collins, for making return of tax-payers to Se- lectmen, 17 00
J. F. C. Hyde, for postage and telegrams to date,
9 79
$1,420 42
BURIAL GROUNDS.
William H. Phillips, for cleaning and putting East Parish burial ground in order, $90 00
F. E. Hamblin, materials and labor in repairing tombs in East Parish burial grounds, ' 7 76
Allen Jordan, for repairing hearse house at Lower Falls, 25 31
E. H. Braynard, for hearse and rubber covering for Newton Centre, 475 00
Asa Cook, for providing and finishing a room for the new hearse, 20 00
Samuel Wells, for locks for burial ground W. Newton, 80
$618 87
SALARIES.
Marshall S. Rice, for services as Town Clerk for year ending March 7th, 1864, $200 00
E. J. Collins, for services as Town Treasurer, for year ending March 1st, 1864, 200 00
E. J. Collins, for extra service as Town Treasurer, for year ending March 7th, 1864, as per vote of the town March 7th, 1864, 50 00
E. J. Collins, commission in full for collecting taxes of 1863, 47 00
E. J. Collins, commission in part for collecting taxes of 1864, 700 00
Thomas Rice, Jr., Samuel F. Dix, F. A. Collins, Orrin Whipple, and J. F. C. Hyde, for extra services as Selectmen, for year ending March 7th, 1864, as per vote of the town, March 7th, 1864, 500 00
Amount carried forward, $1,697 00
4
1
42、
Amount brought forward, $1,697 00
Henry Bigelow, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 144 00
Winslow W. Sever, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 90 00
O. S. Stearns, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 115 00
Washington Gilbert, for services as School Commit- tee to Jan. 20th, 1865, and extra service and trav- elling expense in procuring teacher, 180 00
Noah S. King, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 46 00
E. Woodward, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 68 40
Solomon Adams, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 163 50
John A. Gould, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 45 00
John Worcester, for services as School Committee to Jan. 20th, 1865, 139 00
Isaac Hagar, for services as Auditor for year ending Feb. 13th, 1864, 79 60
E. Woodward, for services as Auditor for year end- ing, Feb. 13th, 1864, 51 00
J. F. C. Hyde, for services as Auditor for year end- ing Feb. 13th, 1864, 18 00
Isaac Hagar, for services as Assessor of Taxes for year ending Feb. 13th, 1865, 428 00
E. Woodward, for services as Assessor of Taxes for year ending Feb. 13, 1865, 304 80
Otis Petttee, for services as Assessor of Taxes for year ending Feb. 13th, 1865, 365 70
F. A. Collins, for services as Selectman and Overseer of the Poor, to Feb. 7th, 1865, 185 00
S. F. Dix, for services as Selectman and Overseer of the Poor, to Feb. 7th, 1865, 175 00
Orrin Whipple, for services as Selectman and Over- seer of the Poor, to Feb. 7th, 1865, 200 00
Thomas Rice, Jr., for services as Selectman and Over- seer of the Poor, to Feb. 7th, 1865, 200 00
J. F. C. Hyde, for services as Selectman and Over- seer of the Poor, to Feb. 7th, 1865, 251 65
$4,946 65
43
MILITARY ACCOUNT.
Amount paid in bounties to fill Newton's quota of 482 men under the calls of the President of the United States of Oct. 17th, 1863, Feb. 1st, March 14th, July 18th, and Dec. 19th, 1864.
Cash paid by Thomas Rice, Jr., $25,675 00
Cash paid by E. J. Collins,
31,100 00
$56,775 00
Incidental expenses in filling the above quota:
Thomas Rice, Jr., cash paid for sundries sent to men in camp at Readville, $30 00
Thomas Rice, Jr., for telegraph charges to Wash- ington, etc., 42 36
Thomas Rice, Jr., cash paid for sundry expenses in obtaining credit for men in the United States Navy, and in recruiting men for the above quota, 150 00 E. J. Collins, cash paid expense of Thomas Rice, Jr., and E. J. Collins, to Washington, 136 62
E. J. Collins, cash paid J. N. Bacon and J. S. Pot- ter for use of Eliot Hall, 22 00
E. J. Collins, cash paid Quincy Harrington for posting bills, 5 00
E. J. Collins, cash paid for sundry expenses to New York, recruiting men for the above quota, and in obtaining credit for men in the United States Navy, 103 85
Isaac Hagar, service, and for cash paid in obtaining and making up list of men in the United States Navy, and correcting the enrolment list, 90 00
Joseph Barney, for service and expense in obtain- ing and making up list of men in the United States Navy, 50 00
E. Woodward, for service in obtaining and making up list of men in the United States Navy, 24 80
Otis Pettee, for service in obtaining and making up list of men in the United States Navy, 6 00
Samuel Chism, for printing lists of enrolment, posters, etc., 60 50
Sidney Harrington, for expense to Waltham and Concord, and for distributing notices,
10 00
Amount carried forward, $731 13
44
Amount brought forward, $731 13
T. C. Scates & Co., for conveying 26 enrolled men to Waltham, 9 00
A. H. Cushman, for entertainment to Board of Enrollment, 47 00
Jeremiah Allen, for service and expense on account of meetings of Board of Enrolment at Town Hall, 10 00
John Dolan, for service on recruiting committee,
4 06
H. C. Hoyt, for time and expense in correcting enrolment list, 21 30
Abraham Thomas, for use of Union Hall,
16 50
Orrin Whipple, cash paid sundry recruiting ex- penses, 14 00
· Amount paid for incidental expenses, $852 99
Amount paid in bounties, 56,775 00
Cr. $57,627 99
Amount received from men in the 5th
Mass. Cavalry, for money advanced, $1,246 47
Amount received from subscription of citizens of Newton, 9,958 00 11,204 47
Total expense to the Treasury, $46,423 52
Cost per man for three years' service, $96 31
J. F. C. Hyde, cash paid for books for State Aid account, $5 00
O. Whipple, aid to Charles P. Bates, a disabled soldier, 50 00
Newton Cemetery, for interment of T. L. Jackson,
3 00
. . C. F. Rogers, cash paid Harnden's Express for conveying corpse of John B. Rogers from Washington, 75 00
C. F. Rogers, cash paid funeral expenses of John B. Rogers, 72 56
F. A. Collins, cash paid funeral expense of Thomas Duran, 100 00
$306 06
45
STATE AID.
Paid family of Adams, O. J.
$144 00
66
Adams, Daniel H.
104 57
66
Ames, Jason F.
72 00
66
Andrew, F. A.
23 85
66
66
Bailey, Henry F.
52 28
66 66
Beck, Louis
62 57
66
66
Belcher, George W.
24 00
66
66
Belterton, George
56 28
66
66 Bixby, Henry C.
64 00
66
66
Bragden, John E.
92 40
66
Brackett, Theodore L.
47 28
66
66
Bridges, Charles Z.
23 50
66
66
Brigham, Dwight W.
82 00
66
66
Brunt, George
59 20
66
Bright, Moses W.
142 00
66
Buck, Eben R.
26 14
66
66 Burrows, Cassius
115 20
66
66 Burleigh, H. C.
56 28
66
66
Butler, Alfred W.
152 80
66
Butler, George
104 57
66
Callahan, Cornelius
112 80
66
66
Carrigan, Patrick
62 00
66
66 Cartin, John
26 42
66
66
Campbell, John
44 87
66
Carney, David
36 00
66
Cary, Edward
12 00
66
66 Carter, Horatio
35 00
.
66
Cheney, Gilbert A.
8 00
66
66
Clifford, Thomas W.
52 28
66
66
Conner, James
78 40
66
Cousens, Seth
4 56
66"
66
Coffin, Charles
82 28
66
66 Cole, Osborn
55 14
66
66
Collins, Edward
62 00
66
66
Cropper, William S.
24 00
66
Cummings, Thomas W.
104 57
66
66 Duran, Thomas
55 36
66
Dewick, William
64 00
Amount brought forward,
$2,599 60
66
Cousens, Joseph E.
24 00
1
Brown, Ralph M.
114 00
Boyd, Edward A.
37 00
46
Amount brought forward,
$2,599 60
Paid family of Dearborn, A. C.
144 00
66
Durgin, Winthrop A.
24 00
66 Drew, Edward
72.00
66
66 Duvall, Charles H.
66 00
66
66
Dacy, Michael
20 00
66
66
Duncan, Matthew
147 20
66
66 Davis, John
.49 71
66
Donoughe, John
41 14
66
66 Estes, Herbert
56 28
66
66
Elbeck, William
55.14
66
66
Fairbanks, Charles L.
112 57
66
66
Franklin, Samuel
46 06
66
Finnall, John
57 00
66
66
Fisk, J. W.
20 00
66
Fifield, Charles E.
104 57
Fuller, E. J.
12 00
66
66
Foss, Samuel
113 60
66
66
French, Charles W.
55 71
66
66
Gallup, Lyman B.
109 60
66
66
Glavin, John
37 57
66
66
Guyot, Joseph
104 57
66
66
Hornbeck, Joseph
152 80
66
66
Hogan, Thomas F.
62 40
66
66
Houghton, William H.
32 00
66
6
Houghton,
16 00
66
66
Handy, Frank
20 00
,
66
66
Hurd, Edwin
24 00
66
66
Harris, O. W.
68 56
66
66
Haggerty, Dennis
58 16
66
66
Hutchinson, George
48 71
66
66
Hall, Amory
159 00
66
66
Hawkes, Leopold
22 28
66
66
Hildreth, Franklin
112 57
66
66 Haskell, Harvey L.
108 40
66
66 Jackson, Edward L.
34 00
66
Jackson, Thomas L.
4 00
66
Jelly, William
144 00
66 Jenison, Francis E.
112 57
66 Kittredge, Henry G. W.
112 57
66
66 King, Martin
82 28
66
66 Kennedy, Richard
144 00
66
66 King, Herman A.
61 26
Amount carried forward,
$5,627 88
47
Amount brought forward,
$5,627 88
Paid family of Kerivan, Richard
. 52 28
66
66 Leverton, J. W.
44 00
66
Littlefield, Elliott
209 00
66
Lawson, William
92 80
66
66 Lohmeyer, Henry
52 28
66
66
Masterton, Alexander
114 00
66
66
Murray, Lewis
114 00
66
66
Morse, Joseph M.
144 00
66
66 Meskill, John D.
52 28
66
Mullen, William J.
20 00
66
Madden, Charles E.
52 28
66
66
Morse, Richard D.
150 80
66
·
Maxson, Warren L.
82 28
66
66
Myer, John, Jr.
104 57
66
66
McCarthy, Chas. B.
52 28
66
66
McCabe, John
16 00
66
66
McKerron, Edward
144 00
66
66
McQuade, John
144 00
66
McGuire, James W.
72 00
66
66
McGuire, James
46 57
66
66
Mc Daniel, Daniel
72 80
66
66
Nichols, John N.
104 57
66
66
O'Hearne, Michael
71 70
66
66
Potter, Samuel H.
4 00
66 Palmer, George E.
86 87
66
Pero, Frederick
104 57
66
66
Percival, John H.
104 57
66
66
Porter, Francis
112 57
66
66 Peterson, John S.
152 80
Peterson, Solomon
152 80
66
66
Russell, Michael
144 00
66
66
Randall, Charles
52 28
66
66
Ryan, John
48 28
66
60
Robbins, Edward
27 28
66
66
Ramsdell, A. J.
35 57
66
66 Sanger, Daniel
13.2 00
66
66 Stearns, Daniel H.
156 00
66
66 Stewart, Alexander
114 00
66
Sweeney, John
62 00
66 Smallwood, George T.
132 00
66
66 Scott, George F.
33 14
Amount carried forward,
$9,375 38
66
Morgan, E. M.
84 28
.
48
Amount brought forward, Paid family of Sullivan, Daniel 66
$9,375 38
52 28
Taylor, Ira A. E.
9 14
66
Talbot, Henry G.
152 80
66
66 Turner, Manson B.
38 00
66
66
Tibbetts, W. D.
16 00
66
Tierney, James F.
121 60
66 Tombs, Edward H.
30 80
66
66 Trafton, Charles A.
8 00
66
66 Tucker, George A.
52 28
66
66 Tieman, William
114 00
66
Thanvarth, Philip
74 00
66
66 Tracy, James
32 71
66
66 Vinton, Harvey L.
36 00
66
Varley, John
52 28
66
66
Washburn, Henry G.
48 00
66
66
Wentworth, Wm. H.
32 00
66
66 Welch, Geo. W.
56 28
66
66 Wilson, John G.
108 00
66 Wood, Richard
144 00
$10,553 55
LIQUOR AGENCY.
John J. Ware, Agent, cash paid for liquors, $102 17
E. J. Collins, paid United States license, 24 17
B. F. Houghton, Agent, salary in full,
20 83
$147 17
B. F. Houghton, Agent, in account with the Town of Newton,
Dr
To value of liquors on hand Jan. 1, 1864, $58 69
Cr.
By cash paid the Treasurer,
$56 69
By value of casks returned, 2 00 $58 69
AGENCY. Dr.
To value of liquors on hand Jan. 1, 1864, $58 69
To cash paid for liquors, 102 17
Paid Agent's salary, 20 83
Paid United States license,
24 17
$205 86
49
Cr.
Value of liquors on hand Jan. 1, 1865, $98 00
Cash paid Town Treasurer, 56 69
Cash in Agent's hands, 4 17 $158 86
Loss,
$47 00
KENRICK FUND.
Balance of interest in Treasurer's hands Jan. 1st, 1864,
$89 21
Interest received since Jan. 1st, 1864, 191 73
Loans paid the past year, 1,000 00
$1,280 94
Amount distributed to the " industrious
poor of Newton," as per direction of
the donor,
$200 00
Amount loaned the past year, 500 00 700 00
Cash in Treasurer's hands Jan. 1st, 1865,
$580 94
Amount on loan Jan. 1st, 1865,
3,500 00
Amount of fund Jan. 1st, 1865,
$4,080 94
Notwithstanding that the duties of the Selectmen and Treasurer have been largely increased the past year, which the accounts and disbursements will show, yet we find that all has been well done, and their books and accounts are correct.
Respectfully submitted.
ISAAC HAGAR, JOSEPH BARNEY, Auditors. E. WOODWARD,
NEWTON, Feb. 13, 1865.
SELECTMEN'S ESTIMATE.
IN conformity to a standing order of the Town of Newton, the Board of Selectmen respectfully submit the following estimate of the expenses of the Town for the ensuing year :
Interest,
- $10,000 00
Schools,
28,000 00
Incidentals for Schools,
2,000 00
Fire Department,
2,000 00
Almshouse Expenses,
2,500 00
Poor out of Almshouse,
500 00
Repairs on Almshouse,
500 00
Highways, Culverts, and Railings,
6,000 00
Incidentals for Highways, -
500 00
Bridges,
500 00
Salaries, .
4,000 00
Printing,
1,000 00
Insurance,
800 00
Incidental Expenses,
1,000 00
Contingencies,
700 00
-
-
$60,000 00
In presenting the above estimate to the consideration of the Town, it may be well to say, that the several sums for each item are placed at the lowest figure which will cover their expenses ; and if it were not for our War Expenses, we should place some of them higher ; but acting upon the con-
51
viction that the Town will at least, for this year, confine its expenditures to our real necessities, we think that a grant of $60,000 may be sufficient to meet the ordinary wants of the Town. It will be observed that we make no provision for our war expenses, as they are all uncertain ; but judging from the past, a large amount may be wanted before we con- quer a peace, and it may be well for us to economize in other matters, that we may be the better prepared to meet all demands that may be required of us for this purpose.
As might reasonably be expected by any one who is at all conversant with the affairs of this rapidly growing Town, the debt has been largely increased the past year ; this increase is attributable mainly to the expenses of filling our quotas, and the building of two schoolhouses. The amount paid for these items is $85,729 58 ; the larger part, however, was for the schoolhouses. We make no provision for the reduction of the Town debt, believing it will be wiser for the town to pay a little more interest, than to largely increase its rate of taxa- tion during the continuance of the war ; and besides, these extra expenses are not alone for the benefit of the present inhabi- tants, but in part for those who may come after and amongst us. We therefore recommend the sum named for interest be granted.
The School Committee ask for an appropriation of $28,- 000 for their department the ensuing year, which we have no doubt will be needed, as the number of schools is contin- ually increasing, requiring new teachers ; and the present teachers' salaries have been increased, to meet in part the advanced prices in the expense of living. The public schools, so far as we can learn, were never more prosperous than now : notwithstanding our increased expenses of living and
1
52
taxation, the citizens have not chosen to go backward in the work of education. During the past year two new school- houses have been built, at a cost of $49,000; and we are now asked to increase our grant for school purposes to the above amount, which is an increase of $9,000 over last year's appropriation.
We rejoice that by the recent Constitutional Amendment, the last obstacle to universal Education in our country is now removed, and that all our youth, of whatever race or color, in all parts of our land, are soon to enjoy the blessings of our system of Free Schools. Education and Free Labor must go hand in hand. Wherever the soldiers of Massa- chusetts have gone, they have carried with them that love of freedom, intelligence, and enterprise, which is to be as- cribed, in no small measure, to the discipline and training received from their earliest years in our public schools : these are the true nurseries of an enlightened republic. When this wicked Rebellion shall be crushed, and its authors con- signed to shame and contempt, history will record that the leagued powers of ignorance and treason at the South were quelled by those mighty twin forces of the North, Intelli- gence and Patriotism. For particulars regarding the condi- tion of all our schools, we refer the citizens to the School Committee's Report, which will be distributed with this doc- ument.
The expenses of the Fire Department the past year have been comparatively small : although adding the balance of the cost of building the Engine House at West Newton, and the Reservoir at Newton Corner, it exceeds the estimate made : we think, however, it will not be necessary to increase the appro- priation for this department. We have been highly favored the
53
past year in regard to the destruction of property by fires ; some of our engines have not been called out at all, and none of them but a limited number of times. The houses, engines, and apparatus are in good order. The affairs of this depart- ment have been economically managed, the ordinary expense amounting to only $1,556 18. We think the sum named in the estimate will be sufficient.
For Highways we recommend an appropriation of $6,000. This sum, although larger than we have ever granted before, will be needed to put our roads in good condition ; and even more could be expended to advantage, as the advanced price of labor and teams soon uses up this amount. We have now about one hundred miles of roads to keep in repair. The past year the roads have been repaired by a board of Highway Sur- veyors ; previous to that, for five years, they were repaired by the Selectmen, or under their direction. We stated last year that we thought the Town would make a mistake, should they abandon that system. They, however, did abandon it. Never- theless, our opinion remains unchanged. We therefore recom- mend that our successors be the Highway Surveyors, believing, as we have before stated, that any Board of Selectmen the Town might elect would expend the appropriation more economically and satisfactorily than any separate board could do.
The expense of maintaining our Poor in the Almshouse and out of it has been somewhat increased, but not so much as we might have reasonably expected, as the price of almost every- thing has nearly doubled. We think an appropriation of $2,500 for the Poor in the house and $500 for the Poor out of the house will meet the expense of these two items. The average number in the Almshouse the past year was twenty- two, mostly old people and children. Those aided out of the
54
house, sixty. Travelling paupers taken in for a night, one hundred and forty. Much might in truth be said in praise of Mr. and Mrs. Ware, for their careful and economical man- agement of the affairs under their charge ; but the best evi- dence which we as Overseers can give of our entire satisfaction, is, that we have engaged them for another year, at an increased salary ; and we might say of them, as of all others who have been in the service of the Town the past year, that they have filled their places well," and merit the approbation of the Town.
It will be necessary to authorize the Treasurer to borrow money to meet the expense to be made in aid of the families of volunteers. The number of families which receive State aid is one hundred and forty-six. About $15,000 will be needed for this purpose, most of which will ultimately be refunded by the State. A,considerable sum, however, is paid every year to those having friends in the Army and Navy, or who have lost friends there, which will not be reimbursed, but must be paid from our own treasury. It is often difficult to decide upon the claims of those asking aid, but more difficult to send them empty away. We therefore generally assist, pre- ferring to relieve, rather than add to the sufferings of those who have been deprived of their support by the absence of their friends in the service of the country.
The sum estimated for Bridges will mostly be wanted to repair the bridge at the Upper Falls, near the rolling mill. That for repairs on Almshouse, to build a reservoir for soft water. That for Insurance will be required for the new schoolhouses when finished. They are now insured under a builder's risk. The estimate for Printing is less than the sum paid the past year ; but we think it will be sufficient, as
55
printing the Dedicatory Services of the Monument to our noble soldiers, which reflects great credit to the Town, in- creased the usual expense. The book was intended to be distributed to all our citizens; but the weather was bad at the time of distribution, and some might have been omitted : if so, they can receive a copy by leaving their names with either of the Selectmen.
There are many things which we cannot notice in these remarks, for which no appropriation was made, requiring a considerable outlay, which has been paid the past year ; one, for instance, of New Roads, which cost $1,262 45, all of which will be found under their appropriate head in the Auditors' Report, to which we invite a careful perusal.
Since our last auditing, we have responded to the calls of the President of the United States in our proportion of a million and a half of men, which is 482. One call for men was made in October, 1863, but was merged into the calls of February and March, 1864, which brings the whole expense of filling these calls into this year's account, and makes our military expenses appear large. But when we consider the large number of men raised, and the fact that we have a considerable number of men standing to our credit against any future call, it is comparatively small ; and we have reason to be thankful that we have been able to pro- cure so large a number of men without interfering with the industrial pursuits of the Town. The whole number of men which the Town has recruited for the war, since its commence- ment, is 1,163 ; a much larger number than the whole enrol- ment at the present time. The amount which has been paid by the Town and individuals for military purposes, since the war began, is $138,457 02 ; of this amount, $45,918 92 has
56
been refunded to the Town by acts of the Legislature, leav- ing the actual expense incurred by the Town, thus far, $92,- 538 10. This, with all our other expenses, seems a heavy burden to bear ; but if we compare ourselves with the inhab- itants of the Town who fought our battles in the Revolution, we shall find that we fall far short of the burdens which they had to bear to secure the liberty we now enjoy, and that our patriotism and self-devotion has not yet been equal to the heroic and vigorous efforts which they put forth through all the trying events which preceded and accompanied the war for Independence.
June 17, 1776, a Town Meeting was held, and this vote passed : " That in case the Honorable Continental Congress should, for the safety of the American Colonies, declare them- selves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, the inhabitants of the Town will solemnly engage with their lives and fortunes to support them in the measure." That solemn and ever-memorable vote was not meant for show. Their lives and fortunes went along with it, honestly, earnestly, triumphantly, from the first to the last, through all that great struggle. Newton men formed a part of every expedition, fought in almost every battle and skirmish throughout the contest. Scarce a man, old or young, able or unable, but volunteered, or was drafted, and served in the ranks of the army. The number of men who served in the army during the war was 430, out of a population of about 1,400.
Sept. 4, 1780. At the first Town Meeting held under the new Constitution of Massachusetts, which declared all men to be born free and equal, they voted a tax of £40,000; and in December following they chose a committee to raise Newton's quota of men, and voted a tax of £100,000 to defray the expenses of the Town. From these votes it will be seen that
57
.
very large sums of money were raised, and the credit of the Town used to its utmost tension for furnishing men and money for carrying on the war with vigor. In comparison with the wealth of the Town at the present day, the property of the inhabitants then was small in the extreme ; and yet these large sums were cheerfully voted and soon paid. The history and records of the Town will serve to prove how fully and at what sacrifices the pledge of 1776 was redeemed.
After the example of our fathers, the illustrious founders of the Republic, let us turn our thoughts to War as the only means of preserving that Liberty which was born in '76. It is clear that the Rebellion must be put down by the sword. It is the patriotic resolve of the people of the United States, to contend, in spite of every sacrifice, for the maintenance of that noble government which embodies the hopes of the free throughout the civilized world. It makes no difference to us whether our enemies have landed on our shores from abroad, or are gathered together at the South; in either case there is a foe to be vanquis hed or to vanquish us.
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