Illustrated history of Kennebec County, Maine; 1625-1892, Part 25

Author: Kingsbury, Henry D; Deyo, Simeon L., ed
Publication date: 1892
Publisher: New York, Blake
Number of Pages: 1790

USA > Maine > Kennebec County > Illustrated history of Kennebec County, Maine; 1625-1892 > Part 25

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

One of the finest, if, indeed, it may not rightfully be called the very finest, flocks of Southdowns ever kept in the county was that of the late Dr. N. R. Boutelle, of Waterville, who for many years de- voted a great deal of attention to the breeding of this class of sheep. He was a leading exhibitor and high prize winner at state and New England fairs from 1865 to the time of his death, his interest in the breeding of stock never having left him, and it was carried on with a great deal of intelligence and enthusiasm throughout all these years. Other leading farmers who have made a specialty of sheep husbandry have been: N. R. Cates and H. G. Abbott, of Vassalboro; the late Ira D. Sturgis, of Augusta; C. B. Wellington and O. O. Crosby, of Albion, and C. K. Sawtelle, of Sidney.

HORSES .- The first historic mention of efforts at improving the breeds of horses of Maine was in March, 1819, when the Kennebec Agricultural Society voted to raise a committee to confer with the trustees of the Maine Agricultural Society to offer a liberal premium for bringing " a good stock " horse into the county; "for," says the resolution, "it is with deep concern we can but notice the almost total silence and neglect in relation to a noble race of animals -- the horse." From that day Kennebec county has been the home of some of the most distinguished performers upon the American turf, and held for one year the crown of the world's record for the fastest stallion time.

The foundation of the magnificent horses of Kennebec county rests in the blood of " Imported Messenger," of whom so great an authority as John H. Wallace says: " He founded a race of trotters that have no superiors in the Union; a race that all the world recognizes as among the fastest and best that this country has ever produced." " Win- throp " or " Maine Messenger " was purchased in Paris, Oneida county .

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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.

N. Y., and brought to Winthrop by Alvin Hayward -- probably after the premium provided for in 1819. The testimony is clear that " Win- throp Messenger " was a son of " Imported Messenger," brought from England to New York in 1791. Those who saw " Winthrop Messen- ger " say he was " a large, white, muscular horse, with a clumsy head, but well proportioned body and legs." His colts were superior road- sters, very many of them exceedingly fast trotters, possessing great endurance. "Winthrop Messenger " was kept in Kennebec and Som- erset counties, and died at Anson in 1834. Between 1820 and 1850 his descendants became famous and were sought after from all parts of the country. Farmers sold their best colts, which were carried to other states, where they were trained to the early trotting courses.

Sanford Howard, who was better informed on the horses of America than most writers of his time, said in 1852: " Maine has, un- til within a few years, furnished nearly all the trotting stock of any note in the country." And Maine, for thirty years preceding that date, meant Kennebec county, so far as its horse breeding and agricultural interests were in question. Among the famous descendants of old " Messenger " which gave renown to Maine and to the breed, are many whose names are famous in the annals of the American turf. The famous mare, " Fanny Pullen," was bred by Sullivan Pullen, Au- gusta, about 1825, and at Harlem, in 1835, made the unparalleled time of 2.33. She was the dam of the incomparable " Trustee," the first horse in America to trot twenty miles inside of one hour (Long Island, October 20, 1848).

A celebrated horse, "Quicksilver," was brought to Winthrop in 1818, by James Pullen, and there was for a time much rivalry between the Messenger and Quicksilver stock. The Quicksilvers were hand- some, good moving, spirited horses, but lacked endurance. "To Winthrop Messenger," says Thompson in his History of Maine Horses, " Maine is more largely indebted for whatever speed she may possess than to any other source."

The Drew family was founded in 1842, but the Drews have never been so prominent in Kennebec county as have other families. " General Mcclellan," one of the most famous stallions of this family, was owned by George M. Robinson, of Augusta, between 1861 and 1865. He got a record of 2.26, was sold to Boston parties and finally went to California. The original Eaton horse, founder of the Eaton stock, was owned by William Beale, of Winthrop, from 1854 to 1859, and the breed has always been in good repute throughout Maine. One of the most celebrated of his descendants was "Shepherd F. Knapp," who was taken to France, where he trotted famous races at the Bois de Boulogne. Another celebrated Eaton horse was "Shepherd Knapp, Jr.," purchased in 1866 by George M. Delaney, of Augusta, for $3,250,

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AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK.

deemed at the time a very high price. He was sold afterward to go to Boston, where he made his best record, 2.272, June 17. 1880.

" Winthrop Morrill " (formerly called "Slasher " and "Winthrop Boy"), the founder of the celebrated Morrill family of horses, was brought to Waterville by Asher Savage in 1862, and in 1863 bought by Jackson & Rounds, of Winthrop. In 1871 he was sold and taken to Boston. In 1866 Obadiah Whittier, of Vienna, brought to that town the stallion "Cadmus," bred by Daniel McMillan, of Xenia, Ohio. He was afterward owned by Means & Butler, of Augusta. The thorough- bred stallion "Annfield " was brought to Vassalboro, in 1868, by Thomas S. Lang, who purchased him of the Nova Scotia government. Three years later he was sold and taken to Oxford county. The Fear- naughts were introduced into this county by E. L. Norcross, of Man- chester, who formed a partnership with B. S. Wright, of Boston, and established a horse breeding farm in Manchester in 1866. Among the noted members of this family were "Carenaught," " Manchester," "Emery Fearnaught," "Young Fearnaught," and " Fearnaught, Jr."

In 1859 Thomas S. Lang, of Vassalboro, began a breeding stud which soon took high rank among the most noted in the country. This was maintained for many years and brought Kennebec county into great prominence. The first purchase by Mr. Lang consisted of the stallions "General Knox," " Bucephalus," "Black Hawk Tele- graph," "Grey Fox " and the finely bred brood mare "Priscilla." Within a year or two after this first purchase Mr. Lang bought the stallions "Sharon," "Ned Davis" and " Trenton." Subsequently he purchased the stallions known as the " Palmer Horse " and "Gideon," 145, by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, 10. Mr. Lang sold " General Knox " in 1871 for $10,000. He was one of the most remarkable horses ever owned in Maine, and has done more toward improving our stock of horses, bringing the state into prominence as a horse breeding state and causing more money to come to Maine from other states for the purchase of fine horses than any other single horse ever owned here. Mr. Lang deserves remembrance as one who builded better than he knew when his breeding operations were being carried on.

Sunnyside Farm, Waterville, home of the stallion "Nelson," was established by Charles Horace Nelson, in 1882. Mr. Nelson's stud consists of eight leading horses, including " Nelson," 2.10; " Dictator Chief," 2.213; " Red Hawk," 8,508; " Wilkes," 8,571; " Jedwood," 5,166; and finely bred trotting stock to the number of seventy-five individ- tials. The stallion "Nelson " is now ten years old. His records are; Two year old, 2.50; three year old, 2.26; five year old, 2.211; Bangor, Maine, September 10, 1890, 2.151; Kankakee, Ill., September 27, 1890, 2.12; Kankakee, Ill., September 29, 1890, 2.113; Terre Haut, Ind., Oc- tober 9, 1890, 2.111: Cambridge City, Ind., October 21, 1890, 2.102. This last, the champion trotting stallion record of the world, he held

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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.

until his performance at Grand Rapids, Mich., September, 1891, when he lowered his record to 2.10.

In 1890 Mountain Farm, devoted to the breeding of trotting stock, was established at Waterville by Appleton Webb, and for the brief time it has been under Mr. Webb's management has won high repu- tation. Mr. Webb has now about thirty fancy bred trotters, the lead- ing individuals being "Pickering," by Rysdyk's Hambletonian; " Resolute " (record at five years, 2.26}); "Mountaineer," "Judge Rolfe," and "Appleton," by "Nelson:" and mares by "Nelson," " Young Rolfe," " Rockefeller " and " Gideon."

Many single individuals of great speed or high value to the im- provement of the horse stock of the county have been bred or owned at different periods in the various towns in the county, among the most prominent of which have been the following: Emperor, bred by Lemuel Pullen, Waterville, about 1827; Young Warrior, bred by James Pullen, Hallowell, in 1828; James G. Blaine, bred by James Blanch- ard, Pittston, in 1866; Col. Lakeman, bred by George M. Robinson, Augusta, in 1861; Independence, bred by Captain Joshua Wing, Win- throp, in 1832; Pelham, owned by B. Esmond, Gardiner, in 1837; Phil Sheridan, bred by Daniel Fawsett, Windsor, in 1860; Whirlpool, bred by Moses Stacy, Benton, in 1867; Troublesome, bred by William Pen- niman, Readfield, in 1859; Young Ethan Allen, bred by Eliab L. Eaton, Manchester, in 1860; Carlotta, bred by W. A. P. Dillingham, Sidney, in 1857; Sultan, a thoroughbred stallion, brought to Augusta by Gen- eral William S. Tilton, in 1875; Lancaster, brought to Augusta in 1873, by Allen Lambard; Black Pilot, owned by Major John T. Richards, of Gardiner, in 1875; Beacon, owned by Wright & Norcross, Manchester, in 1873; Victor, bred by Dr. F. A. Roberts, Vassalboro; Zac Taylor, bred by Doctor Safford, West Gardiner, in 1841; Susie Owen, bred by C. H. Nelson, Waterville, in 1877; Pilot Knox, owned by John H. May, Augusta, in 1883; Independence, bred by Frank Taylor, South Vassal- boro, and owned by W. E. Potter, Augusta, in 1871; Constellation, brought from Lexington, Ky., in 1878, by General W. S. Tilton, Augusta; Glenarm, bred by General W. S. Tilton, Augusta; Gilbreth Knox, bred by Samuel Guild, Augusta, in 1862; Echo, bred by Andrew H. Rice, Oakland, about 1872; Captain Pulley, 2,985, an imported Per- cheron, brought to Waterville in 1883, by Blaisdell & Folsom; and Arrival, 2.243, brought to Gardiner in 1889, by A. J. Libby.

The leading horse breeding farms now in the county besides those already mentioned in detail are: Highmoor Farm, Monmouth; Enter- prise Farm, Augusta; Elmwood Farm, Augusta; Randolph Stock Farm, Randolph; Pine Grove Farm, Hallowell; and Pine Tree Stock Farm, Farmingdale.

Kennebec Two-Thirty List .-- The list below embraces the name, breeder's name, and time of each horse bred in Kennebec county that

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AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK.

had a record of 2.30 or better to the close of the season of 1891. Horses not bred here, and about whose pedigree there is any question, are not included:

NAME. BREEDER. TIME.

Arthur

John Judkins, Waterville 2.281

Arthur T

Mr. Palmer, South China. 2.30

Artist

C. H. Nelson, Waterville 2.29

Aubine. C. H. Nelson, Waterville. 2.19}

Baby Boy Emmons Williams, Readfield 2.30

Bay

Chas. B. Gilman, Waterville, .2.27}

Ben Morrill

Harrison Ames, Winthrop 2.27

Centurion .

F. G. Richards. Gardiner 2.27%

Ed. Getchell

A. J. Crowell, Winthrop 2.27

Glenarm

W. S. Tilton, Togus, Augusta

2.233

Honest Harry

Mr. Wood, Winthrop.

2.223

Hudson

Elijah Brimmer, Clinton

2.29

Independence

Joshua Wing. Winthrop. 2.28

Independence [Potter's]. Frank Taylor, South Vassalboro

2.211

Iolanthe

John C. Mullen, North Vassalboro 2.30

James G. Blaine

.James Blanchard, Pittston

2.28₴

John S. Heald

John Libby, Gardiner

2.271

J. G. Morrill

John F. Young, Winthrop

2.29

Knox Boy I. J. Carr, Gardiner

2.233

Lady Mand

Thomas S. Lang, Vassalboro, 2.181

Medora

C. H. Nelson, Waterville 2.203

Molly Mitchell

J. S. Cooper, Pittston

2.263

Nellie M

Foster Brown, Waterville 2.281

. Nelson

C. H. Nelson, Waterville 2.10

Pelham

B. Esmond, Gardiner 2.28

Pemberton E. L. Norcross, Manchester 2.293

Sam Curtis Newton Packard, Winthrop

2.28

Startle A. C. Marston, Waterville 2.263

Susie Owen

C. H. Nelson, Waterville 2.26

Tinnie B John Libby, Gardiner

2.271

Tom Rolfe Wright & Norcross, Manchester 2.221

Victor .F. A. Roberts, Vassalboro 2.23

The great interest in horse breeding in this county has led to the formation of several local trotting associations and the building of many private and society tracks. Agricultural societies in Readfield, Waterville, Windsor, Pittston and West Gardiner, maintain public tracks. Tracks were built at Monmouth in 1871; at Litchfield in 1870; at China in 1868; and at Gardiner, Oakland Park, in 1855. These tracks have since been abandoned. The track at Augusta, now under

Glengarry

Isaac Downing, East Monmouth 2.27

Gilbreth ;Knox

Samuel Guild, Augusta

2.26ª

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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.

control of the Capital Driving Park Association, dates back to 1858, and has been maintained to the present time with but few intermis- sions, although under management of different individuals and asso- ciations. Six private tracks have been built in the county at different times, four of which are now maintained, viz .: H. C. Nelson, Water- ville; Appleton Webb, Waterville; A. J. Libby, Farmingdale: W. H. Merrill, Meadow Park, West Gardiner. The abandoned private tracks are those built by the late George M. Robinson, Augusta, in 1872; and by the late Allen Lambard, Augusta, about 1873.

An act, framed by General William S. Tilton, and approved Feb- ruary 26, 1873, " for the better preservation of horse records," required the registry of stallions and their pedigrees to be recorded at the registry of deeds, and a certificate of such registry issued to the owner of the horse recorded.

ORCHARDS .- Kennebec county-the natural home of the apple tree -- is pre-eminently the fruit-growing section of Maine. While other counties located contiguously have similar natural advantages, Kenne- bec exceeds all other counties in the state in the number and size of its apple orchards, the good methods given to the business of growing and handling the fruit by farmers and the high results obtained. The natural drainage is excellent on most farms, or at least on those por- tions set with orchards. The climate produces a highly colored, good sized, firm fleshed apple that will bear trans-Atlantic shipment .*

For the first systematic improvement of the fruits of Kennebec county we must go back to 1797, when Mr. John Hesketh came over to this country as the head gardener of the Vaughan farms and to have charge of their extensive gardens, nurseries and hot-houses. To his skill more, perhaps, than to the knowledge of Doctor Vaughan himself, are the farmers of Kennebec county indebted for the choice varieties of fruits that were disseminated from the Vaughan gardens, some of which are esteemed varieties in cultivation at the present day.

The fruit propagated at the Vaughan farms was largely dissemi- nated in the leading agricultural towns in the county at that time- Hallowell, Winthrop, Monmouth, Readfield, Pittston and Vassalboro. The early settlers of these towns brought apple seeds with them from the Old Colony, whence they came, or had them sent after they had provided a place to plant them. Writing in 1847, Major Elijah Wood says that when he came to Winthrop in 1788, there were a number of farmers who had "beginnings of orchards," and upon the farm of Squire Bishop was an orchard in a " bearing state," the trees of which came from apple seed obtained from " Rehoboth, Mass.," and planted in a nursery in that town. Ichabod How brought choice seeds from

*Notwithstanding the recent ravages of the new orchard pest, trypeta pomon- alis, new orchards are continually being set.

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AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK.

Ipswich, Mass., planted out the first orchard and made the first cider ever made in Winthrop, by pounding the apples and pressing them in a cheese press. The first grafting in Winthrop was done by Elijah Wood, who brought the Rhode Island Greening and High-top Sweet- ing from the Old Colony and grafted them into trees in David Foster's orchard about 1792. " Winthrop became celebrated for its cider of good quality," says Major Wood, " and the first owners of orchards had a ready sale for all their apples at about 67 cents per bushel." Isaac Smith, who settled in Monmouth in 1795, coming from Middle- borough, Mass., brought with him seed selected from the hardiest and best fruit, and planted a nursery in that town. Among the varieties of apples known to have been introduced from England by the Vaughans were the Ribston Pippin and King Sweeting; while Hallo- well is to-day famous for its magnificent cherries, the direct product of those imported by the Vaughans, and so famous in their own time. The Pearmain was the principal winter apple, all the others being manufactured into cider.

The late Alfred Smith, of Monmouth, writing in 1877, said: " The pioneer farmers of Winthrop were very little versed in the art of grafting or budding trees, and it was thought to require as much skill to set a scion and have it grow as to amputate an arm or leg." The farmers who raised large quantities of apples made them into cider, which was a universal beverage, " put in" with a winter's supply of necessaries by the well-to-do people, as much as was pork or home made butter and cheese. Mr. Smith said that cider sold at from " six to eight dollars per barrel," a market for it being found in the newer towns in Franklin and Somerset counties. When cider was the most profitable product of the orchard there was no inducement to " en- graft " orchards or seek the best table fruits --- hence it is not strange that the first farmers reared up trees without a thought for quality or merit of fruit.

The state owes more to the late Dr. Ezekiel Holmes for his efforts in the improvement of our own varieties of apples than to any other man who ever lived in Maine. In 1847 he organized the Maine Pomo- logical Society, which did the first work in classifying our Maine fruits, properly describing them, and bringing them to the attention of pomologists in other states. When S. W. Cole published his American Fruit Book, in 1849, he made special acknowledgments to Doctor Holmes for great assistance, and catalogued ten varieties of apples that originated in Maine, five of which were Winthrop seedlings. Later lists in the transactions of the Maine State Pomological Society embrace eleven apples and one pear which originated in this county. Winthrop contributes six varieties, viz .: Fairbanks, originated on the farm of Elijah Fairbanks; Winthrop Greening, originated on the farm of Ichabod How, introduced by Jacob Nelson; Winthrop Pearmain

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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.

and Everlasting, originated by Colonel John Fairbanks; Stanley's Winter Sweet, originated on the farm of J. L. Stanley, and Moses Wood, originated by Moses Wood. Other native apples of this county are: Bailey's Golden Sweet, originated by Paul Bailey, Sidney; Litch- field Pippin, originated upon the farm of William Hutchins, Litch- field; Smith's Favorite, originated by Isaac Smith, Monmouth; and Starkey, originated by J. W. Starkey, Vassalboro. The Nickerson pear was originated by Hiram S. Nickerson, Readfield.

Many other good varieties of lesser note have been raised by Ken- nebec county orchardists, and several small fruits have also been originated here, among them the Osborn strawberry, a seedling much esteemed in the Waterville and Augusta markets, brought out by the late Charles Osborn, of Vassalboro. The growing of small fruits is re- ceiving increased attention, especially in towns which command the markets of the cities and large villages.

There are several localities in the county especially favorable to the cranberry and where the cultivation of this fruit might be ex- tended to a profitable degree. Many persons grow them to a limited extent, while among the larger growers were formerly D. E. Manter, Sidney; and at present the Ware Brothers, Pittston, the late B. F. Butler, Mt. Vernon, and Eben Wellman, Augusta. The small cran- berry beds of the late Mr. Fuller are kept in excellent condition by members of his family and yield very fine fruit. The Ware Brothers raised about 250 bushels in 1891. Mr. Wellman has the most exten- sive cranberry beds in the county and gives almost his entire time to the crop, having commenced their culture in a small way in 1878, but devoting increased attention to their systematic culture during the past seven years. His cranberry farm is located in the eastern part of Augusta and the beds embrace an area of seven acres, all cut into a uniform size of two rods in width by forty rods in length-the soil being a deep, rich, vegetable mold or muck. Between and around each and all the beds a canal is cut, into which water is conducted from a reservoir of six acres in extent, the canals being arranged with a series of gates so that the water can be let in over one or all of the beds as is desired. By leaving the gates open at night the beds are all covered with water before morning of sufficient depth to protect the berries from frost in the fall of the year, while in the spring the same method is employed to prevent the attacks of injurious insects. Mr. Wellman's crop in 1891 was 170 barrels, the variety grown being the Cherry, and they have a high reputation in the leading markets.

Among the largest orchards and most intelligent, progressive fruit growers in the county are: W. P. Atherton, Hallowell, 2,000 trees; J. Pope & Son, Manchester, 1,500 trees; D. M. Marston, Monmouth, 1,200 trees; Rev. J. R. Day, Monmouth, 2,600 trees; George W. Waugh, Monmouth, 1,200 trees; Miss L. L. Taylor, Belgrade; C. M. Weston,

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AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK.

Belgrade, 2,000 apple trees, 400 pear trees; George A. Longfellow. Winthrop; Oakes Howard, Winthrop; J. M. Pike, Wayne, 3,000 trees; J. C. Sanford, Readfield; J. H. Smiley, Vassalboro; the Cook Brothers, Vassalboro, 3,000 trees; J. Wesley Taylor, Winslow; George W. Fogg, Monmouth, 1,000 trees; J. Colby Dudley, Readfield; J. O. Butman, Readfield; George H. Pope, East Vassalboro; The Oaklands Orchard, heirs of Robert Hallowell Gardiner estate, Gardiner; and Albert R. Ward, China, 700 trees.

The estimate of apple buyers and shippers is that upon an average 90,000 barrels of choice commercial apples are annually shipped from the towns in Kennebec county to the great markets, one-fourth of which are sent abroad.

An effort was made by the State Pomological Society in 1876 to collect information regarding the nurseries of the county and the number of trees in stock, with a view to keeping at home much of the money paid out to foreign nurserymen and at the same time obtain- ing a tree better adapted to this soil and climate. There were found six nursery firms then in the county, with the following number of trees in stock: A. Smith & Son, Monmouth, 3,000; H. B. Williams, South China, 3,000; N. R. Pike, Winthrop, 10,000; Charles I. Perley, Vassalboro, 20,000; J. A. Varney & Son, North Vassalboro, 40,000; Bowman Brothers, Sidney, 75,000; a total of 151,000 trees.

Other intelligent, active and progressive pomologists of the county, held in grateful veneration for their services to this branch of our rural economy. are: Joseph Taylor, of Belgrade, a leading orchardist and large exhibitor of fruits at state fairs, who died in July, 1882, aged 78 years; Alfred Smith, of Monmouth, who died February 19. 1885, aged 77 years, a large orchardist and well known writer on pomological subjects for the agricultural press; and Hon. Robert Hal- lowell Gardiner, owner of the celebrated estate " The Oaklands," and of its famous orchard of Bellflowers, in Gardiner, a life member and for four years president of the State Pomological Society, who died September 12, 1886, aged 77 years.

CONCLUSION .- This glimpse of what the farmers of Kennebec county have accomplished during the past century in the special lines for " the improvement of agriculture and bettering the condi- tion of the husbandman," presupposes that in other directions equal intelligence and progressive views have been employed and as high results obtained.

All the cereals, fruits and vegetables known to the agriculture of this latitude are here raised to perfection. Hay, the great staple crop, yields upon our farms more than the average ton to the acre which the agricultural department credits the state with producing. In early times the county raised its own wheat, and even exported it; and now wherever wheat is sown it produces an average yield higher

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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.

than that of the wheat growing states of the West. Indian corn is the glory of the farm as a cereal. One hundred bushels of shelled corn to the acre have been many times raised as a preminm crop, while the average is but little above one hundred bushels of ears to the acre.

Sweet corn has for many years been a specialty. Packing factories have been established at Winthrop, Wayne, Fayette, Monmouth, Vas- salboro, Belgrade, Oakland, West Gardiner and Hallowell. The crop yields about $50 per acre, leaving the stalks for winter fodder. The use of ensilaged corn fodder is successfully employed, especially by milk producing farmers, who, living in the vicinity of our cities, are known to be among the best and most prosperous farmers in the county, paying great attention to their herds and keeping their farms in the most fertile condition. In fact, in all lines of rural economy the farmers of Kennebec county have made husbandry a business and a study, the successful results of which are apparent all over our beau- tiful hills and through our lovely valleys, in every town and district, where comfortable homes and well tilled farms speak of industry, economy and independence.

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Illustrated history of Kennebec County, Maine; 1625-1892, Part 25

Author: Kingsbury, Henry D; Deyo, Simeon L., ed Publication date: 1892 Publisher: New York, Blake Number of Pages: 1790

Author: Kingsbury, Henry D; Deyo, Simeon L., ed
Publication date: 1892
Publisher: New York, Blake
Number of Pages: 1790