USA > Maine > Kennebec County > Illustrated history of Kennebec County, Maine; 1625-1892 > Part 93
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" Wales, Aug. ye 24th, 1781.
HUGH MULLOY, Clark."
The plantation was incorporated under the name of Wales, as a mark of respect for John Welch, whose ancestors were natives of the country bearing that name.
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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.
work." The town had in charge at this time a large number of indi- viduals and families who were from year to year set up at public auc- tion and knocked off to the lowest bidder. Although the matter was brought up frequently for consideration, another generation held the reins of local government when the Jackman farm, near the Litchfield line, was purchased and stocked for that purpose.
The following lists of town officials require no explanation. A moment's critical examination will reveal the plan of arrangement.
Selectmen and Assessors .- 1792, John Chandler, served 2 years, Lieu- tenant Jonathan Thompson, Captain Levi Dearborn; 1793, James Nor- ris, 2 years, Matthias Blossom, 2; 1794, Dudley B. Hobart, 3; 1795, Ich- abod Baker, John Chandler, 9; 1796,Simon Dearborn, 3; 1797, Nathan- iel Norris; 1798, Captain Levi Dearborn; 1799, Robert Withington, William P. Kelley; 1800, Simon Dearborn, 3, Abraham Morrill, 2; 1802, Matthias Blossom, 2, James F. Norris, 2; 1804, David Marston; 1805, Simon Dearborn, jun., 7, Abraham Morrill, Joseph Norris; 1806, Sam- uel Cook, 2, Jotham Thompson, 2; 1808, Thomas Kimball, 4, John Torsey; 1809, Nathaniel Norris, 2; 1811, Jotham Thompson; 1812, Abraham Morrill, 2, Elijah Gove, Gilman Thurston, 3; 1813, Captain Jonathan Judkins, 2; 1814, Simon Dearborn, jun .; 1815, Abraham Morrill, 4, Ebenezer Freeman, 2, John Harvey, 6; 1817, Major Jona- than Marston, 3; 1819, Ebenezer Freeman, 4; 1820, Nehemiah Pierce, 3; 1821, Captain Thomas Kimball, 2: 1823, John S. Blake, 2, Otis Nor- ris, 2, Josiah Richardson, 3; 1825, Benjamin White, jun., 3, Ichabod B. Andrews, 3; 1826, John S. Blake, 2; 1828, John Harvey, Otis Nor- ris, Amasa Tinkham; 1830, Otis Andrews, Benjamin White. 2, John Harvey, 11; 1831, Ichabod B. Andrews, 3; 1832, Joseph Loomis, 2; 1834, Ebenezer Freeman, 6, Amasa Tinkham, 3; 1837, John S. Blake, 3; 1840, Levi Fairbanks, Joseph Loomis; 1841, Royal Fogg, 2, Otis Andrews, 2, David Thurston, 2; 1843, Ebenezer Freeman, John Har- vey, 2, Alanson Starks, 2; 1844, Joseph Loomis, 8; 1845, Ebenezer Freeman, 2, William G. Brown, 2; 1846, William H. Boynton; 1847, John S. Blake, Jonathan Folsom, 2; 1848, Royal Fogg; 1849, David Thurston, 7, William H. Boynton, 8; 1852, Benjamin Stockin, 3; 1855, John B. Fogg, Rufus Marston; 1856, Ebenezer Freeman, 3, George W. King, 5; 1858, George H. Andrews, 4; 1859, J. G. Smith, 7; 1861, Andrew W. Tinkham; 1862, J. B. Fogg, 7, Ambrose Beal, 8; 1866, G. H. Andrews; 1867, J. G. Smith, 3; 1869, J. G. Blossom; 1870, G. H. Andrews, John O. Gilman, 2, S. R. Simpson, 2; 1871, J. G. Smith, 3; 1872, O. S. Edwards, 5, H. O. Pierce, 3; 1874, S. O. King, 5; 1875, J. B. Fogg, 4; 1877, J. R. King; 1878, C. E. Frost, 3; 1879, J. G. Smith, J. O. Preble, 2; 1880, O. W. Andrews, 10; 1881, J. Cumston, 2, S. R. Simp- son, 2; 1883, C. E. Frost, 4, Howard Stetson, 4; 1887, D. P. Boynton, A. W. Tinkham; 1888, C. J. Bragdon, J. P. Richardson; 1889, J. L. Or- cutt, 3, D. H. Tillson, 3; 1890, H. C. Frost, 2.
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TOWN OF MONMOUTH.
Treasurers .-- 1792, Captain Levi Dearborn; 1793, Ichabod Baker (?); 1794, Ichabod Baker: 1795, James Harvey, 5; 1800, Matthias Blossom, 3; 1803, Abraham Morrill, 2; 1805, Ichabod Baker, 3; 1808, Abraham Morrill, 4; 1812, Simon Dearborn, jun., 2; 1814, Abraham Mor- rill; 1815, Simon Dearborn; 1816, Jonathan Jenkins; 1817, Simon Dearborn, jun., 4; 1821, John Harvey, 2; 1823, Abraliam Morrill, 4: 1827, Ebenezer Freeman, 7; 1834. Otis Norris, 6; 1840, Nehemiah Pierce; 1841, Charles T. Fox, 2; 1843, Joseph Loomis; 1844, Rufus Marston; 1845, Augustine Blake: 1846, Rufus Marston, 3; 1849, Henry V. Cumston, 5: 1854, Ebenezer Freeman; 1855, Joseph Basford; 1856, William K. Dudley, 4; 1860, Isaiah Donnell; 1861, William G. Brown; 1862, C. L. Owen, 2; 1864, William G. Brown, 14: 1878, D. E. Marston; 1879, H. A. Williams, 3; 1882, F. H. Beale, 4; 1886, E. A. Dudley, 5; 1891, F. H. Beale,
Clerks .- 1792, John Chandler; 1808, Simon Dearborn, jun .; 1810, James Cochran; 1818, Samuel F. Blossom; 1825, Isaac S. Small; 1831, Samuel F. Blossom; 1839, Alanson Starks; 1840, Joseph Stacy; 1841, Alanson Starks; 1842, John Arnold, jun .; 1843, Jonathan M. Heath; 1844, William G. Brown; 1845, Rufus A. Rice; 1846, Charles T. Fox; 1855. C. A. Cochrane; 1856, Charles T. Fox; 1858, George H. Andrews; 1874, Ambrose Beal; 1879, C. J. Bragdon.
CHURCHES .- At a plantation meeting held March 12, 1787, it was voted " to choose a committee to hire Mr. Smith three Sabbaths, and the same committee to see what conditions Mr. Smith will settle in the place upon, and consult Col. Dearborn to see on what conditions he will convey the land he will give to the minister." Four years earlier than this James Potter, of Litchfield, held a series of meetings in the set- tlement, but until 1793, when Jesse Lee began his evangelical work in Maine, nothing had been accomplished in the way of organizing a church or securing regular preaching. In 1794 Philip Wager, a sub- ordinate worker whom Mr. Lee had appointed to take charge of the field, organized here the first Methodist class formed in Maine. The class consisted of fifteen persons. Of this number history has pre- served the names of only five-Gilman Moody and wife, Daniel Smith and wife, and Nancy Nichols. For many years Monmouth held the leading position in Maine Methodism.
In 1795 the second Methodist chapel in the province of Maine was erected on a lot donated by Major Daniel Marston. It stood on the west side of the road leading from the Center to North Monmouth, near Ellis Corner. For want of funds the interior was left unfinished; but on the last day of May, 1796, the rough shell was dedicated. The interior was completed in 1836. Seven years later the building was destroyed by fire. In 1844 a new church was built on the "heater piece," at the junction of Main and High streets, one-half mile north of the Center. The site is now covered by the dwelling house of
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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.
Wesley Wheeler. In 1866 the building was removed to the Center. At this time a bell tower and spire were added, the high singers' gal- lery at the back of the auditorium removed, the long vestibule divided, and modern arrangements substituted.
In 1802 the New England Conference convened, July 1st, at Cap- tain Sewall Prescott's tavern, the building on High street, now known as the "Old Fort." This was the second conference held east of Mas- sachusetts, and the estimated attendance comprised one-sixth of all the Methodists of New England. Prescott's tavern was chosen be- cause it was in the heart of the settlement, and nearer the boarding places of the ministers than was the "meeting house." The tavern was a new one, built only the year before. In the second story was an amusement hall running the entire length of the building and occu- pying one- half of its width. On three sides benches were built into the wall to accommodate spectators, and the main floor gave ample room for dancing and other entertainments. In this room was con- ducted the business of the New England Conference of 1802. On July 4th 3,000 people stood in front of the building and listened to the ser- mons delivered from the front hall. In 1809 the Conference again met in Monmouth, Bishop Asbury presiding.
The first pastors were circuit riders, who visited the churches periodically. The names of many of these have become household words in Methodist families throughout the continent. Beginning with Philip Wager, in 1794, we have within the next six years Enoch Mudge, Asa Hull, Cyrus Stebbins, John Broadhead. Joshua Taylor, Robert Yallalee, Jesse Stone, and Nathan Emery. Epaphras Kibby and Comfort C. Smith came in 1800; Asa Heath and Oliver Beale, 1801; Joseph Snelling and Samuel Hillman, 1802; Joseph Snelling and Thomas Baker, 1803; Joseph Baker, 1804; Aaron Hum- phrey, William Goodhue and John Williamson, 1805; Dyer Burge and Benjamin F. Lambard, 1806; David Batchelder and Henry Martin, 1807; Ebenezer Fairbanks and James Spaulding, 1808; David Kilburn, 1809; Caleb Fogg and E. Hyde, 1810; Zacariah Gibson and T. F. Mor- ris, 1812; Cyrus Cummings and David Hutchinson, 1813; Samuel Hill- man, 1814; Daniel Wentworth and E. W. Coffin, 1815; Ebenezer Newell, 1816; Daniel Wentworth, 1817; Philip Munger, 1819, 1820 and 1822; Aaron Fuller, 1821; Gilman Moody, assistant, 1822; Caleb Fogg, 1823-4; Eleazer Wells, 1825; Benjamin Burnham, 1826; Aaron Sander- son, 1827.
In 1827 Readfield Circuit, of which this town was a factor, was di- vided and Monmouth Circuit established. The first settled preacher was Moses Sanderson. He was followed by O. Bent, 1828 and 1832; D. Crockett, 1829; D. Clark, 1830; M. Davis, 1831; Mr. Tripp, 1832; D. Stimpson, 1833; B. Bryant, 1834-5; E. Withey, 1836; John Allen, 1837; Obadiah Huse, 1838; S. S. Hunt, 1839 (Mr. Hunt was removed and I.
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TOWN OF MONMOUTH.
Downing supplied the remainder of his term); Richard H. Ford, 1840; Ezekiel Robinson, 1841; David Hutchinson, 1842; Marcus Wight. 1843; J. Higgins, 1844-5; B. Foster, 1846-7; Rufus Day, 1848-9; S. P. Blake, 1850; I. Lord, 1851; R. H. Stinchfield, 1852; S. M. Emerson, 1853-4; J. Mitchell, 1855-6; Dudley B. Holt, 1857-8; E. Martin, 1859-60; W. B. Bartlett, 1861-2; N. Hobart, 1863-4: J. C. Perry, 1865-6; 'D. B. Randall, 1867; P. Hoyt, 1868-9 (Mr. Hoyt died in 1869, and J. O. Thompson supplied the balance of his term, and was returned in 1870); E. K. Colby, 1871-2; F. Grosvenor, 1873-4; D. Waterhouse, 1875-6; R. H. Kimball, 1877-8; True Whittier, 1879-80; O. S. Pillsbury, 1881-3; G. D. Holmes, 1884-6; H. Hewett, 1857-9; J. H. Roberts, 1890-1; F. W. Smith, 1892.
The year following the revival under Jesse Lee an attempt was made to secure an appropriation from the town to build a church. Special meetings were called as often during the year 1794 as the laws of the commonwealth would allow, to consider the expediency of building a " meeting house " near the center of the town. After a long series of decisions the house, 50 by 40 feet, costing £200, was erected in 1795 near the spot now covered by the town house. Five years passed before it was completed. The "old yellow meeting house " was first used as a place of public gathering in 1799, when the town meeting was held in it. In 1800 the committee in charge awoke to the startling fact that they had built on land to which they had no title. They applied to the proprietor, Governor Bowdoin, of Boston, and from his daughter, Lady Temple, received a gift of the lot. The building was sold for a paltry sum, in 1844, to make room for the town house, The timbers furnished building material for a barn, and the pew doors were utilized in the manufacture of ornamental (?) lawn fences.
The First Baptist Church was organized in the eastern part of the town in 1810. Eighteen members were reported to the Association that year. Rev. Elias Nelson originated in this church, and from it received a license to preach. He was ordained pastor in 1814, and continued in this relation three years. After the close of his pastorate the church gradually fell away, and in 1822 it was dropped from the Association as "having no existence," although it then numbered twenty-four members. In 1827 the Baptist church on the Ridge was organized as the First church. The membership numbered only fifteen. The year following they erected their house of worship. From this time to 1837 they secured preaching a large portion of the time and enjoyed a steady growth. Rev. S. Hinkley was ordained evangelist in 1836. In 1838 Rev. J. Ridley became pastor. He re- mained with the society four years. Other pastors who have officiated in this church, with dates of pastorate, as near as can be ascertained, are: William O. Grant, Noah Norton, William Day, Cyrus Case, 1842-
50
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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.
7; John Upton, 1851; A. M. Piper, 1852-7: Cyrus Case, 1858-61; G. D. Ballentine, 1861-3; O. B. Walker, 1863-7; H. Hawes, 1867; T. J. Sweet, 1868-72; T. J. Lyons, 1872-3; James Heath, 1875-7; S. Powers, 1878-81; Erwin Dennet, 1881-5; Robert Scott, 1888-91.
The Freewill Baptist Society of South Monmouth was organized in the eastern part of the town prior to 1839, when, in connection with other denominations, it erected the Union church, which will be men- tioned on another page. The early records of this society are so loose and desultory that no accurate information can be gleaned from them. The first settled pastor, in 1853, was Rev. M. L. Getchell. His successors have been: C. B. Glidden, 1860; J. Fuller, J. Keene, Charles Bean, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Baird, M. L. Getchell, L. S. Williams, 1889. The church edifice was erected in or about 1859.
An extensive revival in 1837 resulted in the formation of a new Baptist church at East Monmouth, with a membership of seven, which in a few weeks increased to twenty-five. Rev. William Day received the pastoral charge, which he held until 1840, when he resigned. In 1839 a Union church edifice was erected, in which this society held a third interest, another third being taken by the Methodists, and the remaining third by the Freewill Baptists and Christian order in equal shares. Since the close of Mr. Day's term the church has been with- out a pastor, and the building, which by the conditions of the com- pact, was to fall to the surviving denomination, has been re-dedicated by the Methodists.
The Monmouth Center Baptist Church was organized in 1842, with Rev. S. Hinkley, pastor. It has long since ceased to exist.
The Christian Church was organized May 20, 1817, with ten names enrolled. The pastor, Rev. Jedediah B. Prescott, was a dissenter from the Methodists, and formerly a class leader in that denomination. He received no salary, but supported himself and family by mending shoes from house to house. Quite an extensive revival resulted from his labors, and soon the Second Christian Church was, for the sake of convenience, organized in the eastern part of the town. In 1818 the members of the First church erected a house of worship on land do- nated by Robert Withington. It stood about where Fred. M. Richard- son's farm buildings now stand, near North Monmouth. The interior was not finished until 1825. In the meantime a joiner's bench served as a pulpit, and rough benches as pews. It was purchased in 1855 by Rev. Mr. Conant, and remodeled into the dwelling house now occu- pied by Albertus R. King, at North Monmouth. Mr. Prescott re- mained with the society, as pastor, until 1835. His dismissal was the death blow of the organization. Both societies ceased to exist many years ago.
The Union Church at North Monmouth was built in 1852 by a cor- poration of twelve members. Under the provisions of the act of in-
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TOWN OF MONMOUTH.
corporation, no ecclesiastical body could assume supremacy of rule; but each pewholder, of whom there were fifty-two, was invested with the right to select, for one Sunday in the year, a preacher represent- ing his denominational tenets, whom he should secure at his own ex- pense. The pew-holders represented four distinct religious societies -- Methodist, Universalist, Congregationalist and Christian. The building was dedicated December 22, 1852, and was re-dedicated about 1860.
The Congregational Church at the Center was organized through the efforts of Rev. Mr. Conant, in 1853. Services were held in the town house and Center school house for several months prior to the erection of the church, which was raised August 5, 1856. As the records were burned in 1885, it is impossible to secure accurate data. There have been few settled pastors, but preaching has been obtained by supply from theological institutions a large portion of the time. The first pastor was Rev. J. H. Conant. He remained but a short time after the dedication of the church, which occurred in February, 1857. Among the more prominent of those who supplied the pulpit for the following thirty years are: Reverends H. S. Loring, Mr. Gould, 1863-5; Mr. Waldron; Mr. Rogers, 1874; A. M. Wiswall, 1877; C. E. Andrews, 1879; J. B. Carruthers, 1881-3; R. H. Peacock, 1884-7; J. A. Anderson was installed pastor in 1889, and remained two years. The church is now supplied by Rev. Mr. Wade.
SCHOOLS .- Very soon after the advent of the first settlers itinerant pedagogues appeared. In Ichabod Baker's barn, in the chamber of John Welch's house and from cabin to cabin they taught the rudi- ments of an education. Some of the adults, as well as the children, grasped this opportunity to learn to read and write. The first of these " masters " were Smith and Lyford. Other early teachers were Crossman, Patch, Kinsley, Lowney and Magner. The last two were " sons of Erin " and dear lovers of " the ardent." In 1789 the general court granted the plantation a sum of money " to be laid out in school- ing and preaching and on roads."
As the records have been lost, it is impossible to determine the exact date when the two districts-the North and the South -- were formed and the first school house erected; but, undoubtedly, 1790 would not deviate from it to the extent of one year. This house stood on the ledge, a few rods east of the residence of Benjamin Ellis, near North Monmouth. It was burned about the opening of the present century. The two districts had for a divisional line the Cochnewagan stream. In 1793 the Center district was formed by taking a section from each of the original districts. For several years after the North district boasted a school house, the scholars of the South and Center districts convened in private houses and barns. The first one erected in the Center stood on the corner now covered by the house of Rufus
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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.
G. King. It was moved to a point nearly opposite the gateway of the cemetery, about where stands the small brick building used for many years as the office of the Mutual Insurance Company. Subsequently it was removed to a spot between the residence of D. P. Boynton and the house owned by Mrs. Benner. It was purchased by R. G. King when the new school house was erected, attached to his buildings, and is now used as a stable.
The first money raised by the town for the support of schools was £45 appropriated in 1794. Three years later, the town was divided into four districts-North, South, East and West-and the sum of $600 raised to be expended in building school houses. The cost of these buildings exceeded the appropriation by about twenty dollars. A committee of one for each district was chosen to act as agent and local supervisor, whose prerogatives were sometimes encroached upon by the election of a general advisory committee of three. The next new district was formed at Dearborn's Corner, a mile south of the Center, in 1805. This infringed on the South district numerically only, as the money appropriated for that district was not divided, a sum more than twice as large being privately raised by those who were interested, for the support of their independent school. After one year's trial this district was abandoned. Three years later, the Ridge was set off as a separate district, drawing its quota of money from the town treasury. This, too, was abandoned after a brief trial. In 1803, the East district was practically divided. Although the entire eastern part of the town was still, nominally, the East district, the money apportioned to that section was drawn in two orders, one-half going for the support of a new school in Joseph Chandler's neighbor- hood. The Bishop district was set off in 1805. A fair conception of its size may be drawn from the fact that out of the town appropriation of above $400 its share was $4.65.
In 1820, the selectmen, agreeably to " a vote of the town at the last annual meeting," numbered the districts as follows: " The district on Norris Hill, No. 1; the district where Lieut. Royal Fogg lives, No. 2; where Amasa Tinkham lives, 3; where Simon Dearborn lives, 4; where the Center meeting house stands, 5; where Peltiah Warren lives, 6; where Joseph Allen lives, 7; where Calvin Hall lives, 8; where Jona- than Stevens lives, 9; where Capt. William P. Kelly lives, 10; where Joseph Norris lives, 11; the district of Arnold's Mills, 12; the district of Oak Hill, 13; the district of New Boston, 14." Aside from the change effected by dropping the High Street, Blaketown, New Boston and Oak Hill districts, these divisions remain practically unchanged.
In 1801, a petition was presented to the general court by ten citizens of Monmouth calling for aid, in the form of a grant of unappropriated land, to establish a free grammar school. Subscriptions to the amount of above $1,500 had been secured for the object, a large portion of
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TOWN OF MONMOUTH.
which came from the Plymouth Company, Lady Elizabeth Temple, John Chandler and General Henry Dearborn. The act of incorporation was passed in 1803, accompanied by a grant of 1,500 acres of wild land, which was increased to 10,020 acres. A building was erected at once. In 1809, a new act of incorporation was passed, by which the school assumed the dignity of an academy. The first principal of whom we have any knowledge was Ebenezer Herrick, who taught one term in 1810. In 1851, the building was burned under very suspicious cir- cumstances. A new building of brick soon arose on the ruins, and in 1855 the school was re-opened. As one of the oldest and best college preparatory schools in the state, it received for many years a liberal patronage. Members of congress, governors and men of national fame in the military and literary world have here received their edu- cation. For a period of several years following 1872 it struggled hard for an existence, and for a time was abandoned and suffered to go to decay. A change has been effected in the past three years, and it is once more in a flourishing state, although its primeval glory has, by reason of the nearness of denominational schools of greater magni- tude, forever departed.
VILLAGES .- The first settlement, as has been stated, was on the low lands near the Wales line. Gradually the center of population worked northward, until the opening of the present century found quite a vil- lage clustered about the crown of Academy hill. Here, on the south corner of the road that leads to Norris hill, was John Chandler's store. Nearly opposite were his blacksmith shop and tavern. A few rods north, on the site now covered by the residence of Dr. C. M. Cumston, stood the blacksmith shop of Jeremiah Chandler. Still faither north, between E. A. Prescott's and the "Old Fort," stood the square, hip- roofed store of Joseph Chandler. This building was, like the store of John Chandler already mentioned, moved to the Center and remodeled into a dwelling house. Not to mention the intervening dwellings, the next in order was Captain Prescott's blacksmith shop and tavern. Down through the hollow and all along the road as far as Ellis Cor- ner, where the school house stood, buildings were more numerous than at the present day. At the corner, a store was opened some time be- tween 1800 and 1802, by A. & J. Pierce. It stood in the field east of M. M. Richardson's and south of Rev. J. B. Fogg's. In 1804, the junior partner of the firm sold his share to his brother. A year later, we find it occupied by Samuel Cook. Then followed the firm of Strat- ton & Cook. Moses Randlet, the next occupant, gave way to the firm of Blake & Morrill. The building was moved to North Monmouth and is now a dwelling owned by Mrs. Lydia King. Another store was erected a few rods east by Major Marston, and occupied by his son, Lewis Marston. It was removed and attached to the buildings of Mr. Clarence Thompson.
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HISTORY OF KENNEBEC COUNTY.
The first post office in town was established January 1, 1795, with John Chandler, postmaster. The mails were brought regularly by Matthias Blossom, who established the first mail route between Port- land and Augusta by way of Monmouth. John Chandler's term of office expired April 1, 1807, when Joseph Chandler became the incum- bent. The office returned to John Chandler July 1, 1809. Following him were: John A. Chandler, September 25, 1812; John Chandler, Oc- tober 7, 1818; John A. Chandler, July 24, 1820; Augustine Blake, Jan- uary 5, 1833; Isaac N. Prescott, July 30, 1841; Augustine Blake, De- cember 27, 1842. The office was then transferred to the Center.
In 1807 Joseph Chandler opened a store near the outlet of South pond, at East Monmouth. The extensive lumber operations of Clark & Arnold had drawn the center of business to this point, and here it remained until the rise of industries at the north village. The bulk of trade has been confined to one store, which has passed through the hands of several proprietors, and is now occupied by S. H. Jones. A post office was established May 12, 1832, with Benjamin White, post- master. The office was discontinued May 30, 1834, and re-established June 21st of the same year, with David White, as postmaster. Charles S. Norris was appointed September 11, 1839; James R. Norris, January 25, 1854; Charles P. Blake, November 11, 1857; Joseph H. Smith, Jan- uary 29, 1859; Silas Emerson, February 15, 1867; Mrs. Selena Gale, November 12, 1867; Mark L. Getchell, November 29, 1870; Charles W. Woodbury, October 8, 1873; Samuel H. Jones, September 17, 1874.
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