USA > Maine > Maine register, state year-book and legislative manual > Part 6
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SECT. 2. The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive depart- ments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.
He shall have power, by and with the consent and advice of the senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate shall appoint, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the su-
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ANNUAL REGISTER OF MAINE.
preme court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate by granting commissions, which shall ex- pire at the end of their next session.
SECT. 3. He shall, from to time, give to the congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occa- sions, convene both houses, or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.
SECT. 4. The president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
ARTICLE III.
SECTION 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and such inferior courts as the congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and infe- rior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior; and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
SECT. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made or which shall be made under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different states, be- tween citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, cit- izens, or subjects. (See Art. XI, of Amendments.)
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In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the supreme court shall have orig- inal jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the congress shall make.
The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and such trials shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but, when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed.
SECT. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and com- fort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.
The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, ex- cept during the life of the person attainted.
ARTICLE IV.
SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the pub- lic acts, records, and judicial proceedings, of every other State. And the congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
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CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
SECT. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.
A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.
No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation there- in, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.
SECT. 3. New States may be admitted by the congress into this Union ; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the congress.
The congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory, or other property, belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular State.
SECT. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on application of the legislature or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.
ARTICLE V.
The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all in- tents and purposes as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legisla- latures of three-fourths of the several States, or by convention in three- fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- posed by the congress : provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any man- ner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the senate.
ARTICLE VI.
All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States, under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Con- stitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or af- firmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office of public trust under the United States.
ARTICLE VII.
The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same.
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ANNUAL REGISTER OF MAINE.
AMENDMENTS
TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
ARTICLE 1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
ART. 2. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be in- fringed.
ART. 3. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
ART. 4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
ART. 5. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise in- famous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, ex- cept in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensa- tion.
ART. 6. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
ART. 7. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact, tried by jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.
ART. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines im- posed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
ART. 9. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
ART. 10. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Consti- tion, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the State respect- ively, or to the people.
ART. 11. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or sub- jects of any foreign State.
ART. 12. (Relating to ballotting of presidential electors, amendatory of Art. II, Sec. 1, of Constitution, which see).
ART. 13. Sect. 1. Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdic- tion.
Sect. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
ART. 14. Sect. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and
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CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor denv to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Sect. 2. (Amendatory to a portion of Section 2, of Article I, of Consti- tution.) Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for president and vice-presi- dent of the United States, representatives in congress, the executive and ju- dicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for partic- ipation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
Sect. 3. (Amendatory to Sections 2 and 3 of Article I, and Section 1 of Article II.) No person shall be a senator or representative in congress, or an elector of president or vice-president, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or com- fort to the enemies thereof. But congress may hv a, rote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.
Sect. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection and rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.
Sect. 5. The congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legisla- tion, the provisions of this article.
ART. 15. Sect. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Sect. 2. The congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation.
Historical Facts connected with the formation of the orig- inal Union, and the admission of new States.
On Monday, September 5, 1774, a number of men were assembled at Car- penter's Hall, Philadelphia, who had been chosen by the several Colonies, in what now constitutes the United States, to hold a Congress for the pur- pose of discussing certain grievances imputed to the mother country. This Congress resolved that each colony should have one vote only. On Tues- day, July 2, 1776, the Congress resolved, "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Free and Independent States," etc .; and on Thurs- day, July 4, the whole Declaration of Independence having been agreed upon, was publicly read to the people. On September 9 it was resolved that the words "United Colonies" should no longer be used, and that "United States" should thenceforward be the style and title of the Union. On Sat- urday, November 15, 1777, " Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union of the United States of America were agreed to by the State Delegates, subject to the ratification of the several State Legislatures. Eight of the States ratified these articles July 9, 1778; one July 21; one July 24; one No- vember 26; one February 22, 1779; and the last one March 1, 1781.
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ANNUAL REGISTER OF MAINE.
PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS.
Peyton Randolph, Virginia, September 5, 1774; b 1723, d 1775. Henry Middleton, South Carolina, October 22, 1774.
Peyton Randolph, Virginia, May 10, 1775; b 1723, d 1775. John Hancock, Massachusetts, May 24, 1775; b 1737, d 1775. Henry Laurens, South Carolina, November 1, 1777; b 1723, d 1792. John Jay, New York, December 10, 1778; b 1745, d1829. Samuel Huntington, Connecticut, September 28, 1779; b 1732, d 1796. Thomas Mckean, Delaware, July 10, 1781; b 1734, d 1817. John Hanson, Maryland, November 5, 1781; b .... , d 1783. Elias Boudinot, New Jersey, November 4, 1782; b 1740, d 1824. Thomas Mifflin, Pennsylvania, November 3, 1783; b 1744, d 1800. Richard Henry Lee, Virginia, November 30, 1796; b 1732, d 1794. Nathaniel Gorham, Massachusetts, June 6, 1786; b 1738, d 1796. Arthur St. Clair, Pennsylvania, February 2, 1787; b 1734, d 1818. Cyrus Griffin, Virginia, January 22, 1788; b 1748, d 1810.
The seat of government was established, first at Philadelphia Penn., commencing Sept. 5, 1774; and May 10, 1775; at Baltimore, Md., Dec. 20, 1776; at Philadelphia, Penn., March 4, 1777; at Lancaster, Penn., Sept. 27, 1777; at York, Penn., Sept. 30, 1777; at Philadelphia, Penn., July 2, 1778; at Princeton, N. J., June 30, 1783; at Annapolis, Md., Nov. 26, 1783; at Tren ton, N. J., Nov. 1, 1784: and at New-York City, Jan. 11, 1785.
On the 4th of March, 1789, the present Constitution, which had been adopted by a convention and ratified by the requisite number of States, went into operation. The several State Legislatures ratified this instrument at the following dates :
Delaware, Dec. 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, Dec. 12, 1787; New-Jersey, Dec. 13, 1787; Georgia, Jan. 2, 1788; Connecticut, Jan. 9, 1788; Massachusetts, Feb. 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788; Virginia, June 26, 1788; New-York, July 26, 1788; North Carolina, Nov. 21, 1789; Rhode Island, May 29, 1790.
The privilege of becoming members of the Union by ratifying the Consti- tution was confined to those States that were parties to the confederation by which the Constitution had been framed. The Constitution was adopted by the Convention, September 17, 1787. It required that nine States should
ratify it before its provisions could go into effect. Congress, on the 13th of September, 1788, determined that as a sufficient number of States had rati- fied it-eleven having done so-it should become operative on the first Wed- nesday (the 4th) of March, 1789. North-Carolina and Rhode-Island had not yet sanctioned it; but as soon as they acceded to its provisions, they were admitted to its privileges.
Thirty-three States have been admitted since the confederation of the original thirteen colonies, their admission taking effect as follows :
1. Vermont, March 4, 1791.
2. Kentucky, June 1, 1792.
3. Tennessee, June 1, 1796.
4. Ohio, November 29, 1802.
5. Louisiana, April 30, 1812.
6. Indiana, December 11, 1816.
7. Mississippi, December 10, 1817.
** 8. Illinois, December 3, 1818.
9. Alabama, December 14, 1819.
10. Maine, March 15, 1820.
11. Missouri, August 10, 1821.
12. Arkansas, June 15, 1836.
13. Michigan, January 26, 1837.
14. Florida, March 3, 1845.
15. Texas, December 29, 1845.
16. Iowa, December 28, 1846.
17. Wisconsin, May 29, 1848.
18. California, September, 9, 1850.
19. Minnesota, May 11, 1858.
20. Oregon, Feb. 14, 1859.
21. Kansas, Jan. 29, 1861.
22. West Virginia, June 19, 1863.
23. Nevada, October 31, 1864.
24. Nebraska, March 1, 1867.
25. Colorado,August 1, 1876.
26. North Dakota, November 2, 1889.
27. South Dakota, November 2, 1889.
28. Montana, November 8, 1889.
29. Washington, November 11, 1889. 30. Idaho, July 3, 1890.
31. Wyoming, July 10, 1890. .
32. Utah, January 4, 1896.
33. Oklahoma, Nov. 16, 1907.
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CABINET OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES.
NOTE,-For Vice-Presidents, Cabinet Officers, etc. previous to 1860 see Registers prior to 1902.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
TERMS OF OFFICE.
Hannibal Hamlin, Me., March 4, 1861, to March 4, 1865.
Andrew Johnson, Tenn., Mar. 4, 1865 (till death of A. Lincoln, Apr. 15,1865).
Schuyler Colfax, Ind., March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1873. Henry Wilson, Mass., March 4, 1873 (died November 22, 1875).
Wm. A. Wheeler, N. Y., March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1881.
C. A. Arthur, N. Y., Mar. 4, 1881 (till death of J. A. Garfield, Sept. 19, 1881). Thomas A. Hendricks, Indiana, March 4, 1885 (died Novembor 25, 1885). Levi P. Morton, New York, March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1893.
Adlai E. Stevenson, Illinois, March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1897. Garret A. Hobart, New Jersey, March 4, 1897 (died 1899). [13, 1901). Theodore Roosevelt, N. Y., Mar. 4, 1901 (till death of Wm. Mckinley, Sept. Charles W. Fairbanks, Indiana, Mar. 4, 1905, to Mar. 4, 1909. James S. Sherman, Mar. 4, 1909.
CABINET OFFICERS. * SECRETARIES OF STATE.
The " State Department" was created by Act of Congress, 1789.
Jeremiah S. Black, Pennsylvania. Dec. 14, 1860; b 1810, d 1885.
William H. Seward, New York, March 6, 1861; b 1801, d Oct. 10, 1872. Elihu B. Washburne, Illinois, March 4, 1869; b 1816, d 1887. Hamilton Fish, New York, March 17, 1869; b 1809.
William M. Evarts, New York, March 12, 1877; b 1818, d 1901. James G. Blaine, Maine, March 7, 1981; b 1830, d Jan. 27, 1893.
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey, Dec. 12, 1881; b 1817, d 1885. Thomas Francis Bayard, Delaware, March 6, 1885; b Oct. 29, 1828, d 1898. James G. Blaine, Maine, March 5, 1889; b 1830, d Jan. 27, 1893. John W. Foster, Indiana, June 29, 1892.
Walter Q. Gresham, Indiana, March 6, 1893; b 1832, d May 28, 1895. Richard Olney, Massachusetts, June 10, 1895; b 1835. John Sherman, Ohio, March 5, 1897; b May 10, 1823. William R. Day, Ohio, April 26, 1898; b 1849.
John Hay, Dist. of Columbia, Sept. 20, 1898; b 1838, d 1905. Elihu Root, New York, July 7, 1905; b 1845. Philander C. Knox, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1909 ; b 1853.
*SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY.
The " Treasury Department" was created by Act of Congress, 1789
Philip F. Thomas, Maryland, Dec. 12, 1860; b 1810. John A. Dix, New York, 11 Jan., 1861; b 1798, d 1879. Salmon P. Chase, Ohio, 4 March, 1861; b 1808, d 1873. Wm. Pitt Fessenden, Maine, July 1864; b 1806, d 1869. Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, March 4, 1865; b 1811. George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts, March 11, 1869; b 1818. William A. Richardson, Massachusetts, March 17, 1873; b 1810. Benj. H. Bristow, Kentucky, June 4, 1874; b 1833. Lot M. Morrill, Maine, July 7, 1876; b May 3, 1815, d Jan. 10, 1883. John Sherman, Ohio, March 8, 1877; b May 10, 1823. William Windom, Minnesota, March 7, 1881; b 1827, d 1891. Charles J. Folger, New York, Oct. 27, 1881; b 1818, d 1884. * See note top of page .
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89. 89.
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ANNUAL REGISTER OF MAINE.
Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, Oct. 28, 1884; b 1811, d 1895. Daniel Manning, New York, March 4, 1885; b 1831, d 1887. Charles S. Fairchild, New York, April 1, 1887; b 1842. William Windom, Minnesota, March 5, 1889; b 1827, d 1891. Charles Foster, Ohio, Feb. 24, 1891; b 1828.
John G. Carlisle, Kentucky, March 6, 1893; b 1835. Lyman J. Gage, Illinois, March 5, 1897; b 1836. Leslie M. Shaw, Iowa, February 1, 1902; b 1848. George B. Cortelyou, New York, March 4, 1907; b 1861. Franklin Mac Veagh, Illinois, Mar. 5, 1909.
*SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR.
The " Department of the Interior," created by Act of Congress, 1849. Caleb B. Smith, Indiana, 6 March, 1861; b 1808, d 1864. John P. Usher, Indiana, 8 Jan., 1863; b 1816, d 1889. James Harlan, Iowa, 15 May, 1865; b 1820. Orville H. Browning, Illinois, 1 September, 1866; b 1806, d 1881. Jacob D. Cox. Ohio, March 4, 1869 ; b 1828. Columbus Delano, Ohio, Nov. 1, 1870; b 1809.
Zachariah Chandler, Michigan, Oct. 19, 1875; b 1813. d 1879.
Carl Schurz, Missouri, March 12, 1877, b Prussia, 1829, d 1906. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa, March 7, 1881; b 1813. Henry M. Teller, Colorado, April 17, 1882; b 1830. Lucius Q. C. Lamar, Miss., March 4, 1855; b 1825, d 1893. William F. Vilas, Wisconsin, Jan. 16, 1888; b 1840. John W. Noble, Missouri, March 5, 1889; b 1831. Hoke Smith, Georgia, March 6, 1893; b 1855.
Cornelius N. Bliss, New York, March 5, 1897; b 1833.
Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Missouri, Dec. 22, 1898; b 1835, d 1909. James R. Garfield, Ohio, March 4, 1907. Richard A. Ballinger, Washington, Mar. 6, 1909; b 1858.
Walter L. Fisher, Illinois, March 13, 1911; b 1862.
*SECRETARIES OF WAR.
"War Department," created by Act of Congress, August 7, 1789. Joseph Holt (acting), Kentucky, 18 January, 1861; b 1807. Simon Cameron, Pennsylvania, 6 March, 1861; b 1799, d 1889. Edwin M. Stanton, Pennsylvania, Jan. 11, 1862; b 1815, d 1869. Ulysses S. Grant, Illinois (ad int.), Aug. 12, 1867; b 1822, d 1885. L. Thomas (ad int.)
John M. Schofield. Illinois, May 30, 1868; b N. Y., 1831.
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