USA > Michigan > Marquette County > Marquette > History Of The Diocese Of Sault Ste, Marie And Marquette; Containing A Full And Accurate Account Of The Development Of The Catholic Church In Upper Michigan, With Portraits Of Bishops, Priests And Illustrations Of Churches Old And New, Volume 1 > Part 1
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B 471936
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PROPERTY OF
" Michigan Libreries 1817
ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS
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Ris a. J. Rezek 5-19-09 g.
TO THE MEMORY OF THE RT. REV. FREDERIC BARAGA, D. D. THE RT. REV. IGNATIUS MRAK, D. D. THE RT. REV. JOHN VERTIN, D. D. THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED.
197459
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HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE
OF
Sault Ste. Marie and Marquette
CONTAINING
A full and accurate account of the development of the Catholic Church in Upper Michigan
WITH
Portraits of Bishops, Priests and Illustrations of Churches Old and New
BY
REV. ANTOINE IVAN REZEK
VOL. I. HOUGHTON, MICHIGAN 1906
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BX 1417 . 53 R 47
Copyrighted 1906 By ANTOINE IVAN REZEK
CHICAGO M. A. DONOHUE & CO. 407-429 Dearborn Street
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PREFACE.
In the eighties the Western Historical Company undertook to record the his- torical events of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In a large octavo volume of five hundred fifty pages they have accu- mulated a vast treasury of information of civil, military and religious character. Perusing their 'history' one cannot doubt their honest endeavors to give to the pub- lic correct facts concerning the develop- ment of this country. Educational and religious data were given proper attention and what there is of the latter is recorded with equal fairness to all denominations, though with less success as to correctness. The authors had no intention of entering upon minute description of the develop- ment of any church-denomination, they left this to the adherents of them. This also applies to the Catholic Church. To give, therefore, to the public a true and correct narrative of the development of the Catholic Church in the Upper Penin- sula of Michigan is the aim of this work.
The author has waited for many years for some one to take up this task, but only when he saw that no one interested himself in this matter, and that valuable information is being lost by the dying-off of those who were best in position to know the early, humble beginnings, he commenced to gather the material and
even then delayed for years before he undertook the shaping of this volume. He is well aware of its shortcomings. If* he could have devoted more of his leisure hours it might be better, but a priest's life in this section of the country, as else- where, abounds with pastoral duty which necessarily must first be fulfilled.
"Not one in a thousand" says a writer "halts to consider the various obstacles which strew the path of the historical writer ; not one gives a thought to the re- sponsibility which attaches itself to him, but all join in searching for errors." The truth of this the author fully appreciates. His experience in collecting the material has not lacked the disagreeable, particu- larly where personal researches were im- possible and a stamped envelope failed to have an effect. Such obstacles, however, were overcome by a more assiduous ap- plication and have only stimulated the writer in his undertaking.
When the work was begun only one modest volume was contemplated. Since then the material has so accumulated, that even confining himself to the most substantial narrative, the author has found it impossible to offer the entire his- tory of the diocese within two covers and for this reason most of the humorous and anecdotical has been left out at the risk of
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PREFACE
leaving the matter less readable and palat- able. Instead of two volumes there could have been five, but the cost of production makes the reduction obvious.
The History of the Diocese of Sault Ste. Marie and Marquette has been di- vided into two parts. The first volume contains the biographical sketches of the four bishops, and some contemporary missionaries, throwing, at the same time, light upon a general development of the diocese in their time. The second volume shall contain the history of the individual parishes from their inception, giving full account of the early Jesuit missions in the pre-diocesan days.
The illustrations represent all the bishops and priests who have labored in the diocese as well as all the buildings, new and old-as far as an unsparing effort could make their list complete.
These illustrations made the work · costly indeed, but to avoid descriptions, which would not be adequate, they were necessary and they, at the same time, per- petuate the memory of those men who have sacrificed their best days and talents in the service of the Church in this Upper Michigan; and of the buildings a lasting record is made to posterity as a reminder of where their ancestors worshipped con- tentedly under the humble roofs of wooden churches.
In the compilation of a work such as this, one naturally receives services from many persons; due acknowledgement of services rendered to the author will be made in the second volume.
Houghton, Michigan on the Feast of Sts. Cyrill and Methodius, 1906.
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NE FRAGMENTA PEREANT.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
page.
THE RIGHT REVEREND FREDERIC BARAGA
His family history and his birth. His studies and ordination to priesthood. Resolves to go as a missionary to America. Arrives in Cincinnati. Goes to Arbre Croche. His missionary labors there. . . . . . . . . . 17
CHAPTER II.
Baraga establishes a mission on the Grand River. He goes to La Pointe, Wisconsin. His labors in the St. Joseph mission. Vis- its his native country. His literary labors. 52
CHAPTER III.
Baraga establishes the mission at L'Anse. Writes his Indian grammar. He visits Eagle Harbor, his first white mission. His activity at L'Anse. 77
CHAPTER IV.
Upper Michigan is made a Vicariate Aposto- lic. Baraga is created its first Vicar Apos- tolic. Is consecrated bishop in Cincinnati. Visits his native country in search of priests and means. Returns to his Vicariate and takes up his residence at Sault Ste. Marie. The first ordination in the Diocese. His extraordinary activity. The Vicariate Apos- tolic is created into the diocese of Sault Ste. Marie .. 95
CHAPTER V.
Bishop Baraga's labors and the growth of the missions from 1857 to 1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
CHAPTER VI.
Bishop Baraga's labors from 1861 to 1865. .. 167
CHAPTER VII.
Bishop Baraga transfers his See to Marquette. The diocese receives the title of Sault Sainte Marie and Marquette. Baraga at- tends the Plenary Council at Baltimore. Is stricken with apoplexy. His long sickness. His death. The fiftieth anniversary of his consecration. . 188
CHAPTER VIII.
THE RIGHT REV. IGNATIUS MRAK, D. D. His origin and his early days. His ordina- tion to priesthood. Becomes private tutor in a noble family. Resolves to go to Amer- ica. Becomes assistant to Father Pierz at Arbre Croche. Is made first Vicar General of the diocese of Sault Ste. Marie and Mar- quette. Becomes second Bishop of the dio- cese. Goes to the Vatican Council. ....... 216
CHAPTER IX.
Returns from the Vatican Council. Resumes his duties. Attends the conferring of the Pallium upon the first Archbishop of Mil- waukee. Lays down the first rules and reg- ulations for the government of the tem- poral affairs of parishes in the diocese. Is stricken with sciatic rheumatism. Resigns his office. Returns to his Indian mission at Eagletown. Returns to Marquette. His last days. His demise. . . . .238
CHAPTER X. THE RIGHT REV. JOHN VERTIN, D. D.
His family connections. His early education. His arrival in America. His ordination to priesthood. Priestly labors. Elevation to the Episcopate. His consecration in Ne- gaunee. The burning of his Cathedral and concomitant troubles. . . . 260
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CHAPTER XI.
Bishop Vertin commences the building of his Cathedral. Makes his first visit to the Apostolic See and incidentally visits his na- tive country. Attends the Third Plenary Council. Attends the first Provincial Coun- cil of Milwaukee. Models the government of his diocese in sentiment of the decrees of the Plenary and the Provincial Councils .. 281
CHAPTER XII.
Bishop Vertin's pastoral on education. Pas- toral on religious societies and holy Com- munion of reparation. The first Pro-Syn- odal Conference. His Silver Jubilee. His second visit ad limina. His sickness and his death 299
CHAPTER XIII.
THE RIGHT REV. FREDERICK EIS, D. D.
His early education. His ordination to priest- hood. The elevation to the Episcopate. His first visit to the Apostolic See. His labors as the fourth bishop of the diocese of Sault Ste. Marie and Marquette. Holds the sec- ond Pro-Synodal Conference. .326
CHAPTER XIV.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Rev. Samuel Mazzuchelli. .336
Rev. Francis Xavier Haetscher. 34I
Rev. Simon Saenderl. .342
R --- Andrew D. I Piret. .344
Rey Francie Fic -. .344
Re Quat Stolia, O.S.F. 359
Raw. Lawrence Timone .374
Rev. Henty L. Thiele. .375
Z.
Res. Edward Jasker. 376
kev. Martin Fox. .380
Rev. John Cebul.
.383
Rev. Honoratus Bourion. .389
Rev. Gerhard Terhorst. .390
ILLUSTRATIONS.
page.
His Holiness Pope Pius X. (Frontispiece) ... 4 Rt. Rev. Frederic Baraga at the time of his consecration 20
The birth place of Bishop Baraga. 22
The church of St. George in Doebernig where Bishop Baraga was baptized. 25
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's ordination cer-
tificate 28
Facsimile of letter written by Frederic Ba- raga to Bishop Fenwick asking for admis-
sion into the Diocese of Cincinnati ........ 31 Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, Bishop of Cincin- nati 35
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's certificate while studying Humaniora 38 Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's certificate while in the philosophical course. 4I
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's matriculation and attendance in the higher philosophy at the University of Vienna. 44
Facsimile of attest of Bishop Baraga's mat- riculation and attendance in the law depart-
ment at the University of Vienna .......... 47 Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's school certifi- cate while taking a law course at the Uni- versity of Vienna 49
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's certificate for ecclesiastical history in the Seminary of Lai- bach 50
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's attendance at the Classes of Eastern languages at the Seminary of Laibach 56
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's certificate of
Moral Theology at the Seminary of Laibach. 59 Rt. Rev. Frederic Rese 62 Church of St. Joseph at La Pointe, Wis .. 65 Rt. Rev. Peter Paul Lefevere, Bishop of De- . troit 67
Mr. Peter Crebassa and his wife Nancy, born Roussain 70
The first church of L'Anse 73
Facsimile of Apostolic letters erecting the
Vicariate Apostolic of Upper Michigan ..... 75 Facsimile of Apostolic letters appointing Rev. Frederic Baraga as Bishop of Amyzonia in partibus infidelium .. 79
Facsimile of attest of Frederic Baraga's con- secration 82
Most Rev. John B. Purcell. 81
Rt. Rev. John Martin Henni. 87
Signature of Most Rev. John Martin Henni. 89 Cathedral of St. Peter, Cincinnati, Ohio .. 92 Cathedral and residence of Bishop Baraga at Sault Ste. Marie in 1853 96
Facsimile of Apostolic letters appointing Bish-
op Baraga as Vicar Apostolic of Upper Michigan .98
Facsimile of Apostolic letters erecting the Vi- cariate Apostolic of Upper Michigan into the diocese of Sault Ste. Marie. . . . . 101 Facsimile of Apostolic letters appointing Bish-
op Baraga as Bishop of Sault Ste. Marie. . 105
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The Marriage of Francis Joseph I., Emperor of Austria 108
Bishop Baraga's coat of arms. IIO
The site of St. Vincent de Paul Church at In- dian Lake near Manistique. .116 The ancient Indian cemetery at Indian Lake. . 119 The site of Father Baraga's residence at In- dian Lake I22
Caspar Schulte
124
Pulpit of Bishop Baraga. 127
Marquette in 1849
129
Rev. D. Du Ranquet, S.J.
1.32
Rev. August Kohler, S.J.
I34
The first Ursuline Convent at the Sault.
1 36
Mother M. Xavier, the first Ursuline Sister who came to the Sault. 138
John Bouche, Bishop Baraga's guide.
139
Bishop Baraga's "Palace" at the Sault.
1.44
Sargeant Balthazar Galley.
147
Rev. G. B. Weikamp.
149
Rev. Father Masson.
152
Rev. Charles Magnee.
.154
A view of the old Marquette Court House with the first church and the first Ursu- line Convent .157
Rev. Sebastian Duroc.
160
Rev. Richard Baxter, S.J. 162
Rev. P. M. Flannigan
165
Rev. John B. Broun
.169
Rev. Mathias Orth
.171
Rev. Edmund Walsh
174
Rev. William Dwyer.
177
Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, Greenland. Mich. 179
The old Flannigan homestead at Greenland. . 181 Captain James Flannigan 18,3
St. Patrick's church, Ontonagon.
185
The north view of the ruins of St. Francis church, Norwich, Ontonagon Co .. 189
The southwest view of the ruins of St. Fran- cis church at Norwich. 191
The southeast view of the ruins of St. Fran-
cis church at Norwich.
. 193
The first St. Peter's Cathedral, Marquette. Mich. . 195
Hon. Peter White . 199
A trunk which belonged to Bishop Baraga. ... 200 A reliquary which belonged to Bishop Baraga. 203 A likeness of Bishop Baraga shortly before his demise . . 206
The remains of Bishop Baraga in state at St. Peter's Cathedral .209
Monument erected to Bishop Baraga at Do-
Marquette in 1857 .217 Rt. Rev. Ignatius Mrak at the time of his con- secration .219
Bishop Mrak's school certificate from the grammar grades 220
Bishop Mrak's school certificate second Gym- nasium class .222
Bishop Mrak's school certificate fourth Gym- nasium class 223
Bishop Mrak's certificate in higher classics. . . 225 Bishop Mrak's certificate in the philosophical course . . . 227
Bishop Mrak's school certificate in botany. .. . 228 Bishop Mrak's certificate in moral theology. .. 230 Bishop Mrak's certificate in dogmatic theology.232 Bishop Mrak's certificate in pastoral theology . 234 Facsimile of permission to Rev. Ignatius Mrak
to celebrate his first Mass in his parish church .235
Facsimile of letters appointing Rev. Ignatius Mrak assistant to Father Pierz at Arbre Croche .236
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's letters appoint-
ing Rev. Ignatius Mrak Vicar-General of the diocese of Sault Ste. Marie. .......... 239 Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's letters empow- ering Vicar-General Ignatius Mrak to ob- tain priests while abroad. . 2.40
Facsimile of Archbishop Purcell's letter to Bishop Lefevere requesting him to influence Father Mrak to accept the episcopal conse- cration .241
Facsimile of Archbishop Purcell's letter to Father Mrak urging him to accept the epis- copal burden .2.42
Facsimile of Papal Bull appointing Father
Mrak the second Bishop of Marquette. . . . . 244 Address on the Bull of appointment and at- test of Bishop Mrak's consecration ... .246
Signature of Pope Pius IX. .247
The old time stage from Negaunee to Mar- quette .2.19
Rt. Rev. John Stariha, Bishop of Lead, S. D. . 250 Rev. Peter Gallagher .251
Rev. Francis Bérubé .252
Rev. Luke Mozina
.253
Rev. Anthony Hubly
.254
Rev. John Brown
.255
Bishop Mrak going to the consecration of
Bishop Eis
.256
Rt. Rev. Ignatius Mrak in his nineties .. .257
The remains of Bishop Mrak in state at St.
Peter's Cathedral
258
bernice
.213
Marquette in 1863
261
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Seminarians of St. Francis in 1863, with the
late Archbishop Katzer, and the late Bish- op Vertin .263
The city of Tchernembl, Carniolia.
.265
Facsimile of Bishop Baraga's letter sending young John Wertin to Father Bourion to learn French .267
Mr. Joseph Wertin, Sr., father of Bishop Ver- tin 269
Mrs. Mary Wertin, mother of Bishop Vertin. . 271 Bishop Vertin at the time of his consecration. 273 Facsimile of Apostolic letters appointing Fath-
er Vertin third Bishop of Marquette with the attest of his consecration. .275
Rt. Rev. Caspar Borgess 276
The first Diocesan Retreat, 1893 .277
Rev. Maurice Henns, O.M., Cap. .278
Rev. Simon Marceau
.279
Rev. John C. Kenny . 285
Rev. Th. A. Trottenberg .287
Rev. William T. Roy . 289
Rev. J. E. Struif
291
Rev. Joseph Barron . 293
Rev. Michael Weis . 295
Second Diocesan Retreat, 1895 . 297
Rev. Andrew Henderson
.300
Rev. C. F. Schelhammer
. 302
Rev. John Reichenbach . 304
Rev. P. P. Mazuret. .306
Rev. Philip Kummert .308
Bishop Vertin at the Provincial Council of Milwaukee
.310
Rev. M. J. Van Stratten . 312
Rev. Th. A. Majerus .314
Rev. Paul Datin .316
Rev. Julius Baron Von Gumpenberg. .318
Rev. E. Chapuis
.320
Bishop Vertin in the last years of his life. . . 322
The remains of Bishop Vertin while in state in the St. Peter's Cathedral. .323
Rt. Rev. Frederick Eis. 327
Facsimile of Papal Bull appointing Father Eis fourth Bishop of Marquette . 329
Facsimile of attest of Bishop Eis' consecra- tion 330
Bishop Eis on his way to consecration. .331
Rev. Adolph Schneider .333
Rev. Francis H. Swift. .337
Rev. Thomas A. Kennedy .338
Rev. Samuel C. Mazzuchelli, O.P. .340
Rev. Andrew D. J. Piret.
312
Father Piret's "La Ferme" at Les Cheneaux
Islands
343
Rev. Francis Pierz. 345
Rev. Otton Skolla, O.S.F. 360
The church at La Pointe in Skolla's time 361
Rev. Lawrence Dunne.
375
Rev. Henry L. Thiele.
376
Rev. Edward Jacker. 377
Father Marquette taking lessons in Geogra- phy from the Indians. .378
Rev. Martin Fox ..
380
Three pioneer missionaries of the diocese ; Revs. Fox, Cebul and Jacker. .382
Rev. John Cebul.
383
The first church in Duluth built by Father Cebu 384
Inside view of the first church in Duluth. 385
Rev. Honoratus Bourion. 388
Rev. Gerhard Terhorst with a band of his or- phans 390
The grave of Father Andrew Andolschek. .341
Rev. Joseph Niebling. 346
Rev. James W. Kelly 347
Rev. Joseph E. Martel. 348
Rev. H. J. Rousseau. 349
Rev. Anacletus O. Pellisson. .351
Rev. Alberico Vitali, J.U.D. 353
Rev. Joseph Haas. 355
Rev. Joseph Hoeber 362
Rev. Fidelis Sutter. 364
Rev. Anthony Hodnik 366
Rev. Joseph Wallace 369
Rev. J. R. Regis. 371
Rev. A. Th. Schuttelhoffer 373
Rev. James McGowan 379
Rev. Michael Letellier. 381
Rev. Anthony Zagar 387
Rev. William Shea.
.391
Rev. Renatus Becker
.392
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HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF SAULT STE. MARIE AND MARQUETTE.
Chapter I.
THE RIGHT REVEREND FREDERIC BARAGA.
His family history and his birth .- His studies and ordination to priesthood .- Resolves to go as a missionary to America. Arrives in Cincinnati .- Goes to Arbre Croche. His missionary labors there.
Life is a leaf of paper white Whereon each one of us may write, His word or two, and then comes night. -J. Russell Lowell.
The history of the Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie and Marquette, we may well say, begins with the life of Bishop Baraga. The history of his life belongs to the history of the Diocese. We will therefore, before we pass to the history of the individual parishes, give an abridged biography of Bishop Baraga, mainly to connect Diocesan happenings to pre-diocesan times, and also to correct some mistakes which have been accepted as facts.
Bishop Baraga was not a "titled" no- bleman. His father John Nepomuc Ba- raga was administrator of the estate and castle at Mirna (Neudegg), and as such appears to have been of moderate means and a widower. On his mother's side Bishop Baraga's pedigree is more re- nowned. The maternal grandfather,
Bernard Anton de Jenčič, came into pos- session, by purchase of the Count Auers- perg's Castle Malavas. P. Chrysostomus Verwyst, O.F.M., the biographer of Bishop Baraga, quoting from Baron Weikhard Valvasor's work "Ehre des Herzogthums Krain," writes: "In the parish of Dobernig there stood on a mountain a very ancient castle, called Kozjak. At present (1683) only a few ruins remain. During the unhappy times caused by the invasion of the Turks in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries, this castle was often attacked by the Musselmans, but never captured. Toward the end of the seventeenth cen- tury the castle Kozjak was abandoned by its owner, Count Auersperg, and in con- sequence Count Wolfgang Engelbert von Auersperg built-circa 1670-in the val- ley a smaller castle in order to live more conveniently. The materials of the an- cient castle Kozjek were removed to Ma- lavas (Kleindorf).
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HISTORY OF THE DIOCESE OF
"After the death of W. E. Count of tune. May 16, 1792 she was married to Auersperg, his brother, Johann Weik- Johann Nepumuc Baraga, by Thomas hard, Prince of Auersperg, inherited said Zajec, the parish priest of Doebernig. castle, and after his death it passed to Five children were born of this mar- riage : his son Ferdinand, Prince of Auersperg.
In the beginning of the eighteenth cen- tury, the family Morautscher ( Slov. Mo- ravčer ) bought said castle. After the death of Francis Morautscher, March 3d, 1742, the castle was purchased by Josef Karl Kern, who a few years later, c. 1750, sold it to Bernard Anton de Jenčič, Ba- raga's maternal grandfather. In this castle were born unto Bernard Anton and Katharina de Jenčič the following chil- dren :
I. Anton Daniel Josef, born May 31, 1756.
2. Maria Theresia, born October 24, 1757.
Maria Katharina Josefa, born
3. March 21, 1759. ( Mother of Bishop Ba- raga. )
4. Anton Bernard Josef, born May 22, 1760.
5. Maria Elizabeth, born January 7, 1762.
6. Josef Stanislaus Anton, born May 17, 1763.
7. Ferdinand Josef Michael, born September 24, 1764.
8. Francisca Xaveria, born Novem- ber 6, 1765.
9. Wilhelm Vincenz Ignac, born March 9, 1768.1
Thus Baraga's mother was among nine children the third oldest, and whatever titled nobility descended upon Baraga, it came from his mother-née de Jenčič. She inherited, after her father's death including the estate Malavas, a vast for-
I. Maria, born and died March 13, 1793.
2. Vincenz Johann Nepomuc, born January 23, 1794, died February 24, 1794.
3. Amalia, born July 16, 1795.
4. Irenaeus Frederic, born June 29, 1797.
5. Antonia, born February 4, 1803.
According to the foregoing, Bishop Baraga was born in Malavas belonging to the parish of Dobernice, or Doebernig in German, in the Austrian Dukedom of Carniolia. He was not a German ; nor a Slavonian. Slavonian is too comprehen- sive a term; for it includes the Bulgarian, Russian, Ruthenian, Polish, Bohemian. Moravian, Slovakian, Servian, Croatian and Slovenic. If he is to be classed ac- cording to his maternal tongue, then a more specific term must be used, for Slo- venic was his native language and hence he was a Slovenian, so wrongly con- founded with the Slovonian. If he is to be called according to the native province, he was a Carniolian-from the province of Carniolia, and not Carniola. It is Dal- matia, Bosnia, Croatia, Istria, Carinthia, Styria and consequently also Carniolia, all English Atlases to the contrary not- withstanding. He cannot be a Slavonian, as one coming from Slavonia, because Slavonia is a Croation province between the river Drave and Danube, on the north, and Save in the south, down to Semlin, opposite Belgrade, the Servian capital.
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