USA > Michigan > Marquette County > Marquette > History Of The Diocese Of Sault Ste, Marie And Marquette; Containing A Full And Accurate Account Of The Development Of The Catholic Church In Upper Michigan, With Portraits Of Bishops, Priests And Illustrations Of Churches Old And New, Volume 1 > Part 9
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In the spring of 1850 Bishop Lefevere again visited the L'Anse mission. 2+ Baraga went with him to Detroit, this time to supervise the edition of his Gram- mar and Dictionary. He remained there until the 3rd of September ( 1850), over ten weeks in all. It was a long time to be absent fom the mission, but necessary, and after all, beneficial to all Indian mis- sions. Besides Baraga received com- munication from his flock at L'Anse that
23 Leop. Berichte, XXIV.
24 Letter of Bishop Lefevere, June 1850. A. XXIII.
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they gathered in the church twice on Sun- days, reciting their prayers and singing hymns, the same as if he were with them. Before leaving Detroit, Baraga wrote to the Archbishop of Vienna: "I had two works printed here, of which I had made mention in my last letter. Now they are finished. The one is a complete theoreti- cal-practical grammer of the Indian language, and the other a meditation and instruction book on all the truths of our holy religion. 25 I take the liberty of sending to you Princely Grace two copies of the Grammar and one of the works in Indian. The latter in made in pocket size because the Indians are wont to carry their books wheresoever they go.
"The day after tomorrow, I shall leave here for home and take along an ex- emplary priest. The Rt. Reverend Bishop sends him with me that he may learn the Indian language, and afterwards work in the missions. This is the very good, ancient plan of the Jesuits. It is more profitable that the missionary, before he enters upon the missions, learn the In- dian language, for it is disagreeable and hard, if the missionary has to make use of an interpreter. It had to be so, in the beginning, but now, since we have a gram- mar and Indian books, it will be much easier to learn the language. I am glad that this priest goes with me ; he is a holy man and earnestly desires to spend his whole life in Indian missions. By birth he is a Belgian and his name is Angelus Van Paemel."
Having received an assistant, in the person of Father Van Paemel, Baraga de- voted more of his time to other missions, particularly to those in Keewenaw, where
the white population had made itself felt in its civilizing effects. "The population of Lake Superior is increasing rapidly. The copper mines, discovered here, have at- tracted many people of whom a great number are Catholics. They are Ger- mans, Irish, and French. The latter two are all Catholics; of the Germans more than one half belong to our religion. I am obliged to visit them often in order to say Mass and preach, hear confession and give holy Communion. I go from one mine to the other and remain there one or two days, according to the size of the location and the number of Catholic people. I find it rather a difficult task be- cause I am obliged to go afoot and carry my pack of necessary requisites for the celebration of holy Mass. 26
In January ( 1851) Baraga met with an experience similar to the one narrated above. We let him relate his own story : "It was towards the end of January, the coldest days and nights of this winter. I was returning from a mission in the mines. Over night I stayed in a house from which I had to walk over thirty miles before I struck another. Generally I walked that distance in ten or twelve hours ; this time it turned out to be other- wise. The snow was deep but a new fall, the night and day previous, made it still deeper. Through this deep snow I had to go thirty miles! Only by a special favor of Divine Providence I was pre- served alive. I left the house, where I spent the night, at seven o'clock in the morning and commenced wading through the snow. My legs soon grew tired, but I continued the journey all day, although very slowly. Towards five o'clock. the
"" Letter April 2, 1851. A. XXIV.
25 Managatawendamomasinaigan.
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hour at which I used to reach the next house, I had just completed half of my journey. A terrifying thought! Fifteen miles from any house-in the deep snow -an intensely cold night, no fire. com-
had protected me, and walked on, throughout the whole night. At seven o'clock next morning I arrived, deadly tired, at the house, to the amazement of the people who were living there. I had
CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER, CINCINNATI. From Catholic Directory of 1849
CATHEDRAL OF ST. PETER, CINCINNATI, OHIO, WHERE TWO OF OUR BISHOPS, BARAGA AND MRAK, WERE CONSECRATED.
pletely exhausted! What could I do? walked twenty hours without intermission There was no other choice but to walk on or to freeze. I recommended myself to the Providence of God, which so often on snow shoes through the deep snow with nothing to eat but a small piece of cake. When I had reached the house I could not
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thank God enough. Many a time during the night, which was bitter cold, I thought I would sink down and freeze before I could get to the house. And it was only through the protection of my loving, heavenly Father, that I could hold out in such great hardships. My trust in the help of God under all circumstances of my life was great even before that, but this occurrence has heightened it a great deal more." 27
During the Provincial Council held in Baltimore in May, 1849, it was decided by the Bishops, to ask the Holy Father for permission to convoke a National Council in the following year, 1850. Pius IX. ac- ceded to their wishes but ordered it to convene first in 1852. The Rt. Reverend Francis Patrick Kenrick, Archbishop of Baltimore, was appointed by the Holy See as Delegate to preside at the council. On the 9th of May the Cathedral of Balti- more was a scene never before witnessed in America. Six Archbishops, twenty- seven Bishops, twelve Superiors of Re- ligious Orders, forty-two Theologians, and about one hundred priests, had come to the city to take part in the council which opened on that memorable Sunday, under so auspicious circumstances. It remained in session nine days. This coun- cil was also of importance for the Diocese of Marquette. Among the resolutions laid before the Holy Father for approba- tion, the establishment of eleven new Bishoprics and two Apostolic Vicariates were warmly recommended. One of these two was the Vicariate Apostolic of Upper Michigan.
Who will be the first Bishop? No secrecy was maintained as to the names
of the new Sees, and perhaps just as little. as to the priests who were recommended to fill the new Bishoprics. Baraga re- ceived the first news of his probable ap- pointment from Bishop Henni, June 27, 1852. In a letter dated Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 7, 1852, he says : "Pro- vidence seems to have called you unto the chief-pastorship on Lake Superior. Then you will also look after my, only too much neglected, sheep there." Again July 29, he writes: "It depends now only on the Holy Father whether or not he will make Upper Michigan a Vicariate Apostolic. I think you may as well count for certain, to be obliged to accept the burden upon your shoulders." A second intimation came to Baraga through the Kirchenzei- tung of Cincinnati, June 10, 1852: "About the election of new Bishops noth- ing positve can be said, yet, it is certain that the Reverend Dr. Baraga, of L'Anse Michigan, the so well deserving Indian missionary, has been chosen as Bishop of Santa Maria." A third, though indirect information, Baraga received upon his re- turn from a mission trip, from Pierre Cre- bassa, "that Upper Michigan will get a Bishop." 28
These rumors did not disturb Baraga. He answered to them in the language of the Scripture: "Fiat voluntas Dei. Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed Nomini Tuo da gloriam." Let the will of God be done. Not to us, O Lord, not to us, but to Thy Name, give glory. 29
During the summer of 1852, when at home, he worked unremittingly on his Indian Dictionary. All his spare time he used making a clean copy for the printer.
" Ibidem.
25 Baraga's Tagebuch.
2º Diary.
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He completed this tedious work with the shoes, from L'Anse by the way of Bay des incoming New Year. From September Noques, for Green Bay. It took him four days to Bay des Noques and three more, with a pair of Indian ponies, driving on the ice, to Green Bay. On this perilous journey he almost lost his manuscript and his life. "On the 9th of March I broke through the ice nine miles this side of Green Bay. The Lord has again merci- fully saved me, as on many former oc- casions." 31 7th to the 22nd he visited the Ontonagon mining region. The first night, on his way out, he had the pleasure of losing himself in the woods. "September 8th I got lost in the woods and had to sleep out- doors without cover or fire. It was my own fault. I know that I cannot go straightways through the woods. I should always follow the beaten path !" 30 In
October (6th to 22nd) he was actively engaged around the Keewenaw mines.
On January 4th, 1853, the last dot had been made to the Otchipewa Diction- ary. Baraga was extremely happy to have, at last, completed the tedious work of transcribing into legible writing, the great compilation of words which would demand all the attention of a type-setter, were they English, and so much more, being of a language, which most likely, not a single printer, in the wide universe understood. Word for word had to be spelled out and to insure a correct re- production of the manuscript, the proof sheets had to be corrected with utmost care. Who could do this work better than himself? Baraga therefore resolved to go to Detroit and to superintend, as on former occasions, the printing of his Indian book. He visited once more his white missions, in Ontonogan-from January 7th to 26th-and in Keewenaw -from January 28th to February 16th. On March 2nd he departed, on snow
30 Diary.
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He arrived in Detroit, after spending some days in Milwaukee as guest of Bishop Henni, March 17th. He found the presses inadequate for the printing of his Dictionary and intended at first to go to New York. During the Easter holi- days, which he spent in Detroit, after much deliberation, he concluded to go to Cincinnati. He took passage Easter Mon- day, March 28th, on the Steamer 'Bay City,' arriving in Cincinnati the following day. Reverend Clemens Hammer re- ceived him most cordially into his house.
From this day, till the 9th of July the only and daily occupation of Baraga was the correcting of proof-sheets. The heat tormented him much, and on account of it, was happy again to leave the city. By the way of Detroit he arrived in Sault Ste. Marie on the 4th of August. From there he took a boat to Eagle Harbor. Spending two days in his mission, he walked to L'Anse, where he rested only two days.
Diary.
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Chapter IV.
Upper Michigan is made a Vicariate Apostolic .- Baraga is created its first Vicar Apostolic .- Is consecrated bishop in Cincinnati .- Visits his native country in search of priests and means .- Returns to his Vicariate and takes up his residence at Sault Ste. Marie. - The first ordination in the Diocese .- His extraordinary activity .- The Vicariate Apostolic is created into the diocese of Sault Ste. Marie.
A whole year had elapsed since the first rumor had reached Baraga that he would be appointed Bishop. While in Cincinnati Father Kundeg, arriving from Rome, brought positive assurance, based on the word of Cardinal Franzoni, that . in consequence of the recommendation of the First Plenary Council and of the personal explanation of urgent necessity, by the Rt. Reverend Jacob Vandevelde, Bishop of Chicago, who presented the Decrees to the Holy Father, Pius IX. among other Dioceses, established, by a Brief of July 29th, 1853, a Vicariate Apostolic for Upper Michigan and a simi- lar one for St. Augustine, Florida.
This assurance, coming from so a re- liable a source, prompted Baraga to visit his missions in Ontonagon and Keewenaw mining regions, from August 12th to September 26th, to acquire suitable prop- erty for churches and other necessary buildings. On this extensive trip he bap- tized fifty six children, white and Indian. Returning home he resolved to go to Europe. While on his way, in Detroit, Bishop Lefevere, October 13th, communi-
cated to him that he would be consecrated Bishop of Amyzonia, and Vicar Apostolic for Upper Michigan, in Cincinnati, on All Saints Day, (1853).
The Papal Brief, making Upper Michi- gan a Vicariate Apostolic, reads as fol- lows :
PIUS IX. POPE.
For the future remembrance. The Apostolic office, so undeservedly con- ferred upon Us by divine Council, com- mands that, in the government of the Church, We execute that which may be conducive to the greater emolument of re- ligion. Since the venerable Brothers the Archbishops and Bishops of United States of America, among whom was the Per- petual Administrator of the Diocese of Detroit, constituted so by the Apostolic See, were recently assembled in Plenary Council and have commended that it would be beneficial to the Catholic cause and the good of the souls if the Upper Peninsula of the state of Michigan, with the adjacent islands, now belonging to the civil jurisdiction of the same Peninsula, be cut off from the Diocese of Detroit into
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Fisherman's ring, the 29th of July, 1853, the eight year of Our Pontificate.
FOR THE LORD CARDINAL LAMBRUSCHINI
*
Jo. B. BRANCALEONI-CASTELLANI, Substitute.
Vicars Apostolic are not always bish- ops, but in our instance at the special request of the Fathers of the First Plen- ary Council, Baraga was invested with the character of a bishop and conse- quently, as is customary, was given the title of an extinct diocese in partibus in- fidelium. This is duly set forth in the following brief :
PIUS IX. POPE.
Beloved Son, Health and Apostolic Benediction. The office of the Apostolate, conferred upon Us, not through Our own merits, from on High, by which We pre- side over the government of all churches. by divine design, striving, with the help of the Lord, usefully to exercise, We are solicitous in Our heart and watchful, that when there is a question of committing the government of churches, We endeavor to give them such pastors, who know how to teach people entrusted to their care, not only by word of doctrine but also by the example of good works and are de- sirous and capable, under God, healthful- ly to guide and happily to govern the churches commissioned to them, in peace and tranquillity. Since We have reserved the provision for all churches, that are now or shall in future be vacant, to. Our own appointment and disposition and de- clared thence forth null and void all efforts to the contrary, no matter by what authority, whether knowingly or un- knowingly made. The episcopal church, then, of Amyzonia, under the Arch- bishopric of Stauropolis, in partibus in-
fidelium, being deprived of a pastor, that it may no longer suffer under the incon- veniences of a vacancy, being desirous with paternal and solicitous interest to make quick and happy provision, in which no one outside of Us could and can inter- pose by reservation or decree contrary to the above, after a diligent deliberation, which We have had, about placing at the head of same church a useful and fruit- ful person, with Our Venerable Brothers the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, in charge of the Propaganda Fide, We turned Our attention to you, who born of lawful wedlock, and of lawful age, are commended for zeal for religion, learning and prudence. Duly considering all these, Beloved Son, We absolve you and hold you absolved, in so far as this matter is concerned, from whatsoever excommuni- cation, suspension, interdict and all other ecclesiastical censures, sentences and pun- ishments no matter what way or for what reason pronounced, if you have perhaps incurred any, in virtue of our Apostolic authority with the advice of the same Brothers, by these presents, We make pro- vision for said church of Amyzonia in your person, which is acceptable to Us and the above-mentioned Cardinals on ac- count of the excellence of your merits, We appoint you its bishop and pastor, fully committing to you the care, rule and administration of that church, in spirituals and temporals, trusting in Him who be- stoweth graces and gifts that said church, the Lord guiding your actions, will pros- per, as well in spirituals as in temporals, by your watchful diligence and studious- ness that it will be directed unto useful- ness and prosperity and that the orthodox doctrine will increase. Accepting with
*
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PIUS PP. IX.
Filete File Salutian et apostolica Bansectionom Quem por miles Nostra's apostolucas in forma Brevid Litteras Tenunsu= lasse Superiores Status Michigan in america Septentrionale in Vicanatrium apostolicum erexermed, recepe illed fuit, ut idoneum deligeremus vroum qui Viconatus jusson : regimen committéremus. Maque postquam deliberaver nies has super re cum V 87. A . S. E Card 8. Propaganda fidei propositis, a te oculos meritis nostra intendemes, un pietate religionis zelo et mepione apud Indos peracta commendaties Dignuo Nobis visus có que officium il- lu curves. Quapropter de corumiem Cardinalium consilio te quem per similes Nostras apostólicas Litteras La isso Die Datas Episcopum amazonensom in Partibus infis dium renunciavimus ductoritate Mostra apostólica in Vicarium apostolicum mesmonato. Comisisula Supenons Status Michigan eligimus, constituinus titique facullates omnes nacchio was at opportuna at hoe geren um munud deferimus. Mandamus proinde omnibus ad rd quos spectat senspectabit ut to in Vicanum Apostolicum memonate regionis justa presented Litteras recipient ad mettant litique in omnibus, que har officium respiciest, favcant, partant ac prosto Sixt Soud Sextontion low porum quam rite tulans dow Naturen's in rebelles rata habebisul, atque faciomus auctorante Domino usque ad Satisfactionem conseguem incre. labiliter observari. Non obstantebus aportolices alque in Universalibus provincialibusque at Synstalibus Concilies . tis generalitud, vel specialibus Constitutionibus et Ordinationitus cetenrique contranes quilus cumque. Datum Roma au Sinutami Manam. . Majones Jub annulo Jiscatoni Sie XXIX. Mensis Julie MOD C.C.C. I. T.II. Pontificatus North
detavo.
20 Uno Domino Cantinale Lambruschini Q. B- Brancaleone- Castellano dubitin
FACSIMILE OF APOSTOLIC LETTERS APPOINTING BISHOP BARAGA AS VICAR APOSTOLIC OF UPPER MICHIGAN (ORIGINAL 1614 XIO IN.).
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prompt devotion the burden placed upon your shoulders you will faithfully under- take the care and administration, and with prudence exercise them, that the aforesaid church may be truly entrusted to a prudent ruler and administrator and that besides the eternal retribution, you henceforth fully merit Our favor and blessing and that of the Apostolic See. Besides We accord you permission by Our Apostolic authority, that as long as said church is in the hands of infidels you may neither be obliged to take possession of it nor personally to reside there. As for the rest, looking with favor upon your own accommodation We impart to you the faculty to receive lawfully and validly the gift of consecration from any Catho- lic Prelate, whom you may choose, in favor and communion of this Apostolic See, inviting two other bishops to act as his assistants, or if they cannot easily be had, in their stead, two secular priests, or of any Order, Congregation or Regular Institute, enjoying like favor and com- munion, and We grant the same Prelate the faculty, in like manner lawfully to bestow upon you the aforesaid gift of consecration with Our Apostolic Au- thority, after having first received from you the profession of Faith according to the articles proposed by this Apostolic See and the usual oath of due fidelity, in Our name and that of the Roman church. We will, however, and by the same au- thority command and decree that if with- out having first received from you this oath and the profession of Faith the above Prelate presumes to bestow upon you the gift of consecration and you to receive it. the same Prelate as well as you, by the very fact, be suspended from the Ponti-
fical office and from the government and administration of your churches. Not- withstanding the apostolic Constitution, Instructions and any others whatsoever to the contrary.
Given in Rome, at St. Mary Major, under the ring of the Fisherman, the 29th of July, 1853, the eight year of our Ponti- ficate.
FOR THE LORD CARDINAL LAMBRUSCHINI Jo. B. BRANCALEONI-CASTELLANI. Substitute.
As Bishop of Amyzonia, Baraga was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Upper Michigan by the following Apostolic let- ters.
PIUS IX. POPE.
Beloved Son, Health and Apostolic Benediction. As We have, by similar Apostolic letters, in form of breves, erected the Upper Peninsula, of the State of Michigan, in North America, into a Vicariate Apostolic, it was necessary that we select an able man to whom We may commit the government of said Vicariate. Having, then, duly deliberated in this matter with Our venerable Brothers, the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church in charge of the Propaganda Fide, We have turned our attention to you, who com- mended for piety, zeal for religion, and missionary work among Indians, appear to Us worthy to fill that office. We there- fore, with advice of the same Cardinals, by Our Apostolic Authority, elect and constitute you, whom We have, by similar letters of this very date, appointed Bishop of Amyzonia, in partibus infidelium, Vicar Apostolic of the mentioned Upper Pen- insula of the State of Michigan and we grant you all necessary and opportune faculties required for the fulfillment of
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that office. We, further, command to all, whom this concerns or shall in future concern, that they receive you and admit, as per these letters, as Vicar Apostolic of said region, that they favor, obey and assist you in as much as this office re- quires, otherwise we shall ratify any sentences or punishment, which you pro- nounce or inflict against the rebellious, and shall have it inviolably observed, until condign satisfaction shall have been made. Notwithstanding the Apostolic and Uni- versal, Provincial and Synodal Councils, general or special Constitutions and Regulations, and any others whatsoever to the contrary. Given in Rome, at St. Mary Major, under the Fisherman's ring. the 29th of July 1853, the eight year of Our Pontificate.
FOR THE LORD CARDINAL LAMBRUSCHINI
Jo. B. BRANCALEONI-CASTELLANI, Substitute.
The necessary episcopal outfit was pro- cured in Detroit; and after a three days retreat at Father Hammer's in Cin- cinnati, Father Baraga was consecrat- ed Bishop, November Ist, 1853, in St. Peter's Cathedral, by Archbishop Pur- cell, and Bishops Lefevere of Detroit, and Henni of Milwaukee, as con-consecrators.
On the back of the Bull of appointment as bishop the consecrators have made the following attest of consecration :
"We, the undersigned make known to all and attest that the gift of consecration has been conferred upon the Rt. Reverend Frederic Baraga on the first day of No- vember in the year of our Lord one thous- and and eight hundred fifty three, in the Metropolitan church of Cincinnati by the Most Rev. John Baptist Purcell, Arch- bishop of Cincinnati, with the assistance
of the Rt. Rev. Peter Paul Lefevere, Bishop of Zela and Coadjutor-bishop and Administrator of the Diocese of Detroit and the Rt. Rev. John Martin Henni, Bishop of Milwaukee, and also in the presence of the Rt. Rev. Martin John Spaulding, Bishop of Louisville. In wit- ness whereof we have signed these pres- ents the 2nd day of November year as above. In Cincinnati.
J. B., Archbishop of Cincinnati. +PETER PAUL, Bishop of Zela. Coad. Adm. of Detroit. JOHN MARTIN BP., . Bp. of Milwaukec.
At the same time the Jesuit Father, George Aloysius Carrell was consecrated as bishop of Covington, Kentucky. Bish- op Spalding of Louisville delivered the occasional sermon taking his text from Leviticus XXI, 10. 1
Baraga held his first Pontifical High- mass in St. Mary's church of that city, November 6th, and gave Confirmation for the first time, November 10th, at Stone- lick, Ohio.
The fact of his consecration as Bishop did not change his plan to go to Europe. Before leaving, however, he apprised his spiritual children of his elevation to the episcopate, and addressed to them from Cincinnati, a pastoral letter, one to the Indians, and another to the white popu- lation of his new Vicariate. To the latter he wrote :
FREDERIC BARAGA, BY THE GRACE OF GOD AND THE FAVOR OF THE APOS- TOLIC SEE, VICAR APOSTOLIC OF THE UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN.
"TO THE FAITHFUL OF HIS DIOCESE, HEALTH AND BENEDICTION. VEN.
1 Wahrheitsfreund, Cincinnati, Nov. 3, 1853.
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PIUS PP. IX
Ad futuram rei memoriam. Supreme Apostolatus oficio Des sis volente fungantes Catholicke Religionis bono per omnes regiones providere drugimus, prout res tempus que' postulant. Jumvero, conistituto jam alia la Nobil Vicariato Bratolinin Superiori Peninsula Status Michigan entra limites Provincias ecclesiastica Cincinnatisin Poderatis American Seraembrionalis fint Bas, Archiepiscopuder cuscope diane Provincias Vyprodum celebrantes, cum Satis per end regiones ren ecoles iatti can constitutionvagy Scevent DotamedDerunt, guatenul ipsum Districtum, unde Vicariatus ille Apostolicut exurgebat, Apostolica Nostra Quecovitate in novan Diocesimi erigeretur, Episcopali Vede constituta in Civitate, vulgo Sainte Marie nuncupata raque caluniacris Marianopolitana appellaretur, illaque tuti Jufraganen (tachiepiscopio Cincinnatiusi asignaretter. Nosporo deliberatione habita circa hoc cum H 99 AV. V.9. 6. Cardinalibies vegotit/ Propagandae Visi prasrossi / huic voto assure, atque, ut in fra, disponere consuimus. Staque motu proprio, certa. Sevilla, nie matura deliberations Nostri Districtum unde pragatud Vicariatu@postolicus Superiori Peninsulae Stato Michigan' exurgebat, in verano ac proprie dictan Diacesim es. plertudine apostolica Nostral' protostatis per presentes Literas origemus et mestimaimus, jusque crisegralem Pedene Civitatem vulgo dictan Sainte Marie else volumul, unde illa' flavia napolitana'appelletur, datis es, vique attributes omnibus honoribus, privilegier et juribres, quebus alias, Spiscopales Ecclesias frauntur et gaubert, per non camden Grohiepis copi Cincinnationdit Suffraganeantesse jubera. Place volumul, et constituismus decorrentes has Carval Ser fore Juosque plenario, et in tigros efectul tortini, et ob tinere a que ab oneb
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