History of Shiawassee and Clinton counties, Michigan, Part 1

Author: Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Philadelphia, D.W. Ensign & co.
Number of Pages: 716


USA > Michigan > Clinton County > History of Shiawassee and Clinton counties, Michigan > Part 1
USA > Michigan > Shiawassee County > History of Shiawassee and Clinton counties, Michigan > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125



1800


Glass F572


Book STH6


.


--


...


C.CDE


1


V HISTORY


OF


SHIAWASSEE AND CLINTON COUNTIES,


MICHIGAN,


WITHI


ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES


OF THEIR


PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.


PHILADELPHIA : D. W. ENSIGN & CO. 1880.


PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO, PHILADELPHIA


F3 12 S7H0


16245


7045


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 1898. CITY, OF WASHINGTON.


PREFACE.


THIS History of Shiawassee and Clinton Counties has been prepared with the intention to make it as complete and accurate as possible; to produce a truthful and exhaustive narrative of events of im- portance or general interest which have occurred within the present boundaries of these two counties from the period of their occupation by the aborigines down to the present time; to embody all obtainable facts, but to exclude from the narrative everything of doubtful authenticity, confining it as closely as practicable to the limits of Shiawassce and Clinton, and referring to no outside matters except such as could not properly be omitted because of their close connection with the history of the region which is especially under notice.


The work is divided into three parts. The first part, embracing twenty chapters, is devoted to matters common to both counties, viz., a short account of the occupation of their territory by the native Indians as far back as tradition reaches ; the operations of white traders among the red men through all this region ; the several Indian cessions of land covering the territory now forming Shiawassee and Clinton ; internal improvements, including a mention of Territorial roads, State roads, and railways traversing the two counties, and of the several projects formed in early years for improving the navigation of the Shia- wassee, Maple, and Looking-Glass Rivers; military history, principally referring to the services performed in the war of the Rebellion by a large number of Michigan regiments, all or nearly all of which contained soldiers from both Clinton and Shiawassee Counties. Next after these general chapters is given a separate history of Shiawassee County, its cities, Owosso and Corunna, and each of its townships; and this part is followed by a similar separate history of Clinton County, its principal village, and the several towns.


The township histories are largely made up of accounts of pioneer settlers, the work which they performed and the privations which they endured while transforming the wilderness into fruitful fields. In this connection it is proper to say that if errors are discovered (as it is nearly certain there will be) in the orthography of some of the family names of the early and later residents of Shiawassee and Clinton, it is largely to be attributed to the fact that the names have been found spelled differently (and sometimes in as many as three or four different ways) in the county, township, church, and society records, and that even members of the same family are not infrequently found to vary in the orthog- raphy of their surname. Under such circumstances it cannot be regarded as a matter of surprise if the writers of the county and township histories, often finding themselves wholly at a loss to know which manner of spelling to adopt, have sometimes made the mistake of choosing the wrong one.


The historical material for the work has been gathered partly from county, township, and society records, and to some extent from old newspaper files, but principally from conversations with the oldest residents and best-informed people, of whom a very large number in each county have been called on and consulted ; and all, with hardly an exception, have fully and freely-to the extent of their ability -imparted the information sought. The pioneers and other citizens of Shiawassee and Clinton Counties


3


TU


PREFACE.


who have thus furnished information are so numerous that it is impracticable to give them the separate individual mention which they are entitled to receive, but grateful thanks are tendered to each and all for the assistance which they have so obligingly extended. The writer also desires especially to express his acknowledgments to the editors and proprietors of the several newspapers, the county and township officers, the pastors and leading members of the churches, and the gentlemen of the legal and medical professions of the two counties, for favors and courtesies received from them in the preparation of the work.


PHILADELPHIA, PA., August 14, 1880.


F. E.


CONTENTS.


HISTORICAL.


HISTORY OF SHIAWASSEE AND CLINTON


COUNTIES.


PAGE


I .- Indian Ilistory of the two Counties


9


II .- Indian Treaties und Cessions of Lands, and Indian Emi- gration 17


III .- Internal Improvements


IV .- Military Record 39


V .- Third Infantry .


43


VI .- Fifth Infantry . 45


VII .- Eighth Infantry


53


VIII .- Ninth Infantry


60


63


X1 .- Twenty-third Infantry


75


XII .- Twenty-seventh Infantry


85


XIII .- Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Infantry and First Eu- gineers and Mechanies 88


XIV .- First and Seeund Cavalry


93


XV .- Third Cavalry . 97


XVI .- Fourth Cavalry 99


XVII .- Fifth Cavalry 102


XVIII .- Sixth Cavalry


106


XIX .- Tenth Cavalry


108


XX .- Other Soldiers from Shiawassec and Clinton Counties . III


SIHIAWASSEE COUNTY.


XXI .- Location, Topography, and Mineral Resources 116


XXII .- Civil Changes, Early Settlements I18


XXIII .- Organization of the County; Courts and Other Matters


121


XXIV .- County-sites and County Property


126


XXV .- The Press, The Professions, Civil List . 130


LIX .~ Greenbush


458


LX .- Lebanon


469


LXI .- Ovid


478


LXII .- Olive =


491


XXVIII .- City of Corunon


165


XXIX .- Antrim Township


177


XXX .- Bennington Township 18G


XXXI .- Burns


198


LXVI .- Westphalia Township .


533


BIOGRAPHICAL.


PAGE


Benjamin O. Williams


158


Walter Wright .


184


Calvin M. Fuller


I85


Elisha Salisbury


I61


Nathaniel Durfee


185


llon. Josiah Turner


162


Allen Beard


185


William M. Kilpatrick


163


Benjamin F. Howard .


186


Isaac Gale .


191


James M. Guile .


16Į


Newcomb Mitehell


195


Ezra L. Mason .


165


Samuel Nichols .


196


John C. Adams .


IS3


John Innes


197


I. S. A. Wright .


Jonathan M. Hartwell


198


-


CLINTON COUNTY.


XLV .- Bonndaries, Topography, Mineral Resources . 331


XLVI .- Changes of Civil Jurisdiction 334


XLVII .- Early Settlements, County Organization, Conrts, and other County Matters . 336


XLVIII .- The Professions, Press, Civil List


345


XLIX .- County Societies, Agriculture, Mannfactures, Popula-


tion 353


L .- Village of St. Johns


363


LI .- Bingham Township


379


LII .- Bath


LIII .- Bengal 393


LIV .- De Witt 403


LV .- Dallas 414


LVI .- Duplain 422


LVII .- Eagle


436


LVIII .- Essex =


443


XXVI .- County Societies, Agriculture, Manufactures, l'opnla-


tion 138


XXVII .- City of Owosso


I44


LXIII .- Riley = 497


LXIV .- Victor 509


LXV .- Watertown Township 519


314


XLIV .- Woodhull =


CHAPTER PAGE


XXXII .- Caledonia Township .


.


211


XXXIII .- Fairfield 220


XXXIV .- Hazelton 226


XXXV .- Middlebury 238


XXXVI .- New Haven 248


XXXVII .- Owosso


259


XXXVIII .- Perry 265


XXXIX .- Rush 272


279


XLI .- Seiota 291


XLII .- Vernon ¥


300


IX .- Tenth Infantry .


X .- Fourteenth Infantry .


68


XLIII,-Venice


322


D. M. Estey 163


PAGE


llon. Amos Gould


160


5


.


386


XL .- Shiawassee =


25


CHAPTER


6


CONTENTS.


BIOGRAPHICAL.


PAOE


PAOE


Truman W. Rowly


207


John Avery


385


Roger Haviland .


208


Daniel Ridenour


386


Robert Fox .


208


James N. Smith .


392


Isaac S. Barnum


208


Benjamin F. Young


402


Nicholas Braden


209


George F. Dutton


421


Thomas P. Green


210


Daniel Dutten


422


W. W. Smith


210


E. V. Chase


facing


433


Thomas R. Young


219


William Tillotson


433


Ephraim F. Bennett


225


George R. Doty .


434


George B. Munson


225


Lyman Cobb 435


Ithial L. Munson


226


Comfort Ranney


436


John Judd .


234


Willis Leach


436


W. W. Waroer


236


David Clark


4.42


Jesse Rhoades


237


George W. McCrumb .


4.12


John Boman


237


Mrs. Sally Hawley Beers


443


George W. Slocum


244


William A. Hewitt


455


George II. Warren


245


Solomon P. Creasinger


456


Leonard F. Kingsley .


246


O. F. Peck


457


James Kenney


facing 246


Nathan R. Lowe


457


William Tubbs


247


Capt. David S. French


467


Ilorace C. Main .


248


David Levy


468


Jacob Weidman .


256


William T. and Robert E. Davies


468


Phineas Burch


257


Charles Sessions


477


Wellman Hart


257


Ezekiel De Camp


489


+ Daniel Young


259


Dr. Solon C. King


491


Isaac M. Banks .


facing 280


Augustus Gillett


497


A. P. Greenman and Wife .


984


John W. Outcalt


497


William Newberry


290


Lyman Hungerford


507


John Whaley


290


Philip P. Peck .


508


Mrs. Nellie P. McClintock .


300


Jonathan Owen .


facing 508


Willard Ryan


300


John C. Brunseo


516


R. Reed


facing 306


William S. Parker


517


Heury Jennings Van Akin


312


Mrs. Sarah Parker


517


James Van Akin


Epson Parker


5tS


Ilon. F. G. Bailey


321


Ainsworth Reed .


518


Alonzo II. Owens


32]


James Upton


518


Andrew J. Van Riper


329


Chas. Edward Hollister


519


Francis F. Mann


330


George Gall


528


John P. Shaft


facing 330


Eliel Ingersoll


529


Ilon. Oliver Lyman Spaulding


377


Wm. F. Dutton .


530


John HI. Fedewa


377


George W. Kinney


531


Robert M. Steel .


378


Stephen Ilill


532


John Hicks


378


Frank Noeker


54t


John R. Ilale


385


ILLUSTRATIONS.


PAOE


State Capitol Building


facing title.


Maps of Shiawassee and Clinton Counties .


facing 9


SHIAWASSEE COUNTY.


15


Shiawassee Court-House


facing 116


CITY OF OWOSSO.


Estey Manufacturing Company's Works and Office, between 150, 151


Portrait of Benjamin O. Williams 158


Alfred L. Williams . 158


Residence of Benjamin O. Williams facing 158


Portrait of Hon. Amos Gould (steel) .


160


"


Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Wright . 184


Residence of Allen Beard .


46


185


Elisha Salisbury


161


46 Hon. Josiah Turner .


162


ANTRIM TOWNSHIP.


Residence of B. F. Iloward


facing


178


C. M. Fuller . 180


with portraits of Nathaniel Durfee and Wife 183


Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. John C. Adams IS3 .


Mr. and Mrs. I. S. A. Wright 184


Residence of Walter Wright


facing


184


Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Allen Beard


185


209


413


Amos Foster


George Allen


PAGE


Portrait of William M. Kilpatrick


163


James M. Guile 164


Ezra L. Mason


165


517


Nathan M. Smith


313


C. R. MeKee


490


H. B. Cram


258


B. M. Shepard .


313


Portrait of Okemos


7


CONTENTS.


ILLUSTRATIONS.


HENNINGTON TOWNSHIP.


PAGE


Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Hartwell . facing 188


Residence of J. M. Hartwell


ISS


Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Gale .


Samuel Nichols and Wife


Lyman Hickey and Wife


Residence of Lyman Ilickey


Newcomb Mitchell


Portraits of Newcomb Mitchell and Wife .


=


197


Portrait of John Innes


BURNS TOWNSHIP.


Residence of Roger Haviland . facing 200


Portraits of Roger Haviland and Wife 200


Residence of Thomas P. Green . 202


Portraits of Thomas P. Green and Wife 202


Portrait of Mrs. Thomas P. Green (deceased)


202


Residence of Isaac S. Barnum . 204


Portraits of Isaac S. Barnum and Wife


204


Residence of Amos Foster .


207


Portraits of Amos Foster and Wife


207


Portrait of Truman W. Rowly .


207


Residence of Robert Fox facing 208


Portraits of Robert Fox and Wife


208


Residence of Nicholas Braden . 209


Portraits of Nicholas Braden and Wife 209


Residence of William W. Smith 210


Portraits of William W. Smith and Wife


210


CALEDONIA TOWNSHIP.


Residence of Thomas R. Young


facing 219


Portraits of Thomas R. Young and Wife .


219


FAIRFIELD TOWNSHIP.


Residence of E. F. and E. R. Bennett facing 220


Ithial L. Munson .


= 222


14 G. B. Munson


224


HAZELTON TOWNSHIP.


Residence of John Boman .


facing 232


Portraits of John Judd and Wife 235


Portrait of Mrs. Matilda Jadd (deceased) . 235


Portraits of W. W. Warner and Wife


236


" Jesse Rhoades and Wife 237


MIDDLEBURY TOWNSHIP.


Residence of George H. Warren


facing 242


Portraits of George HI. Warren and Wife 242


Portrait of George W. Slocamb .


245


Leonard F. Kingsley 246


Portraits of James Kenney and Wife


faciog 246


Residence of Ilorace C. Main 247


Portrait of William Tubbs .


247


NEW HAVEN TOWNSHIP.


Residence of Jacob Weidman facing 256


Portraits of Jacob Weidman and Wife


256


Residence of Wellman W. Hart .


257


Portraits of Phineas Borch and Wife 257


Daniel Young and Wife . 258


II. B. Cram and Wife 259


SHIAWASSEE TOWNSHIP.


Residence of John Whaley


facing 279


280


Portraits of A. P. Greenman and Wife


284


Residence of William Newberry


Portraits of William Newberry and Wife .


290


SCIOTA TOWNSHIP.


PAOF


Residence of Willard Ryon facing 294


Portraits of Willard Ryon and Wife . 46


294


facing


194


Residence of Mrs. Nellie P. Mcclintock


298


.


196


Portrait of Mrs. Nellie P. Mcclintock


298


Miss Alta B. Mcclintock


298


VERNON TOWNSHIP.


Portrait of R. Reed .


facing 306


Residence of N. M. Smith .


313


Portrait of Henry J. Van Akin .


313


VENICE TOWNSHIP.


Residence of Alonzo HI. Owens .


between 318, 319


Portraits of Alonzo H. Owens and Wife


318, 319


Portrait of llon. F. G. Bailey .


. 32t


WOODHULL TOWNSHIP.


Residence of Andrew J. Van Riper . facing 329


Portraits of Andrew J. Van Riper and Wife


329


Francis F. Mann and Wife 330


Portrait of John P. Shaft .


facing


330


CLINTON COUNTY.


Clinton County Court-House


facing 331 Geological Map of the Lower Peninsula


332


ST. JOHNS.


Portrait of John Swegels .


364


66 0. L. Spaulding


facing 370


Residence of Richard Moore


372


J. Hicks 374


R. M. Steel 376


J. Il. Fedewa


377


BINGHAM TOWNSHIP.


Residence of John Avery . facing 382


Portraits of Johu Avery and Wife


382


Residence of Daniel Ridenour


384


16 J. R. Jlale


= 385


BATH TOWNSHIP.


Portrait of James N. Smith


399


BENGAL TOWNSHIP.


Residence of Benjamin F. Young


facing 402


DE WITT TOWNSHIP.


Portraits of George Allen and Wife .


414


DALLAS TOWNSHIP.


Portraits of George F. Dutton and Wife . 421


Daniel Datton and Wife .


422


DUPLAIN TOWNSHIP.


Portrait of E. V. Chase facing 433


Portraits of William Tillotson and Wife


433


George R. Doty and Wife 434


434


Hotel and Farm Property of George R. Doty


facing 434


Portraits of Lyman Cobb and Wife


435


Portrait of Comfort Ranney


436


Willis Leach


436


196


facing 196


197


197


290


Portrait of Charles R. Doty


Portrait of Isaac M. Ranks


8


CONTENTS.


ILLUSTRATIONS.


EAGLE TOWNSHIP.


PAOK


Residence of George W. McCrumb .


Portraits of George W. MeCrumb and Wife


438


Residence of Oliver Doty .


440


Portraits of Oliver Doty and Wife


442


Residence of George Gall .


442


David Clark .


Portrait of Sally Il. Beers .


ESSEX TOWNSHIP.


Portrait of O. F. Peck


446


Residence of O. F. Peck


455


Portraits of William A. Ilewitt and Wife


456


Portrait of Solomon P. Creasinger


Nathan R. Lowe


GREENBUSH TOWNSHIP. 3


facing 467


Park IIonse, D. S. French proprietor


. 468


Portrait of David Levy


facing 468


Portraits of William T. and R. E. Davics .


468


LEBANON TOWNSHIP.


Portraits of Charles Sessions and Wife


477


OVID TOWNSHIP.


facing 486


Ovid Carriage-Works


489


Residence of Ezekiel De Camp .


489


16 B. M. Shepard and Wife


490


Portrait of Mrs. Matilda Shepard (deceased)


490


491


OLIVE TOWNSHIP.


PAGE


Residonce of Angustus Gillett .


John W. Outcalt .


497


Portraits of John W. and William Outealt


RILEY TOWNSHIP.


Portrait of Lyman Hungerford . 507


Philip P. Peck


508


Portraits of Jonathan Owen and Wife .


facing 508


VICTOR TOWNSHIP.


Residence of Ainsworth Reed .


46 510


Portraits of Ainsworth Reed and Wifo


511


Residence of James Upton


511


Portraits of James Upton and Wife .


512


Residence of Epson Parker


512


Portraits of Epson Parker and Wife .


46


513


Residence of Charles E. Hollister


Mrs. Sarah Parker


514


Portrait of Mrs. Sarah Parker .


516


Portraits of John C. Brunson and Wife


facing 516


Residence of John C. Brunson .


William S. Parker


517


Portraits of William S. Parker and Wifo .


517


Portrait of C. R. McKee .


Residence of Mrs. Mary A. McKee


facing 518


WATERTOWN TOWNSILIP.


Portraits of Eliel Ingersoll and Wifo


529


Residence of William F. Dutton


facing 530


Portraits of William F. Dutton and Wife .


530


Portrait of George W. Kinney .


. 531


Stephen Ilill .


532


Residence of Frank Nocker


facing 541


Portraits of Frank Nocker and Wife .


541


Dr. Solon C. King .


facing 438


facing 446


facing 510


facing 496


497


4.10


457


Residences of William T. and R. E. Davies


514


518


Portraits of Ezekiel De Camp and Wife


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HISTORY


OF


SHIAWASSEE AND CLINTON COUNTIES, MICHIGAN.


BY FRANKLIN ELLIS


CHAPTER I.


INDIAN HISTORY OF THE TWO COUNTIES.


Forests, Rivers, and Indian Mounds-Tradition of Sauk Occupaney and Expulsion-Chippewa Occupation-Early Indian Traders- Indian Villages, Fields, and Agriculture-Their Peculiar Super- stitions-The Chief Okemos-Character of the Indians of this Region-Fearful Ravages of Smallpox among them in 1837.


A SECTION of country lying in the form of a parallelo- gram, about forty-six miles in length due east and west, and twenty-four miles wide from south to north, through which the principal meridian of the State passes, one mile east of the centre, and of which the south boundary is parallel to, and twenty-four miles north of, the base line ;-- this is the modern geographical description of the territory embraced in the counties of Shiawassee and Clinton. But many years ago, before the surveyor's transit or compass had marked the course of a meridian or a base line across the peninsula, this same territory could not have been described much more correctly than as a wilderness tract, extending from the Grand River north and east, embracing nearly the whole of the valleys of the Wabwaysin (Looking-Glass) and Du Plain* Rivers to their heads ; as also the valley of the Shiawassee River, from the point where its two prin- cipal branches mingle their waters, down the course of the main stream for more than two-thirds of the distance to the place where it enters the Saginaw. This was a country of dense forests and timbered openings, occasionally inter- spersed with small prairies, f tamarack swamps, and marshes covered with coarse, rank grass ; and it was well watered by the streams above mentioned, and their tributaries. Its only human inhabitants at that time were the native In- dians, and it is with these people that its history com- mences ; though the existence here of numerous carthen mounds (which were of unknown origin, and wholly unlike


anything known to have been constructed by those to whom we apply the term aborigines) has induced the belief that they were the works of a people who were superior to the Indians, and the predecessors of the latter in their occupa- tion of the country.


These mounds were generally circular or oval in form, from ten to forty feet in diameter, and two to six feet in height. They were found in various parts of both coun- ties, but the largest number in any one locality were found in the valley of the Maple River, in the northeast part of Clinton County.} That they were built for purposes of sepulture is made more than probable, from the fact that all or nearly all which were examined were found to contain human bones. An exception to this, however, was a mound discovered on the bank of the Shiawassee River, near New- burg, in Shiawassee County.§ This was nearly circular in form, and consisted of a parapet inclosing an interior space. It was surrounded by a ditch, and had an opening or gate- way facing the east, with detached mounds fronting this entrance. It has been supposed, from the peculiar construc- tion of this work, that it was built for purposes of defense. But what were the objects for which the mounds were built, or who were the people who erected them, are mere topics of speculation. History has but to record the bare fact of their existence, before passing to the meagre annals of the native tribes who were found in occupation of the country.


All that is or can be known of the history of the Indians who once inhabited the interior region now included in the counties of Shiawassee and Clinton may be easily and briefly told, for it is all, or nearly all, embraced in a period which is within the recollection of settlers who are yet living and in full possession of all their faculties.


When this wilderness region was first penetrated by white explorers they found it occupied by bands of the Saginaw tribe of the Ojibwa or Chippewa nation, mixed with a few Ottawas and still fewer Pottawattamies, which latter two had perhaps become allied by marriage or otherwise with


# The name given by the early French traders to the stream now known as the Maple River.


t The field-notes of the original surveys of Clinton and Shiawassee Counties, by deputy United States surveyors, mention " prairies" and "prairie lands," found in a majority of the townships of both counties.


¿ An account of this group of mounds will be found in the history of Ovid and Duplain townships in this work.


¿ Described by B. O. Williams, Esq., who visited it in the year 1829.


2


9


10


HISTORY OF SHIAWASSEE AND CLINTON COUNTIES, MICHIGAN.


the dominant Chippewas. The last named, however, have always been mentioned in Indian history, and recognized by the United States Government in all treaties, as the original owners of the country bordering the Saginaw River and its tributaries, and of the great wilderness stretching away thence northwestwardly towards the Straits of Mackinac. The Indians inhabiting the valley of the Shiawassee River were known to the carly traders and settlers as the Shia- wassee bands of the Saginaws, and these were the same people who also occupied the country along the Looking- Glass, the Maple, and the Red Cedar Rivers, though the several bands were not infrequently designated by the names of the streams on which their villages or eamps were located. All of them, however (except the Ottawas and few Potta- wattamies who were found among them as before men- tioned), were from the same parent stock, and members of the same tribe or nation,-the Saginaw Chippewas.




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