USA > Michigan > Clinton County > History of Shiawassee and Clinton counties, Michigan > Part 87
USA > Michigan > Shiawassee County > History of Shiawassee and Clinton counties, Michigan > Part 87
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In 1858, John W. Paine opened a general store, and Hunt Bros. a drug-store. Paine built in 1860 the first brick store, now occupied by A. Teachout, who commenced to trade in the village in 1859. Dr. A. M. Crawford built the first brick house. It stood where Randolph Strickland lives. The bricks were burned at the village by a Mr. Higgins.
Directly upon the opening of railway transportation St. Johns began to take on importance as a shipping-point. The first car-load of wheat forwarded from the village by rail was shipped by John Hicks in 1857 to George C. Langdon at Detroit. Staves were purchased largely at St. Johns for European markets, and in the early days of vil- lage history the stave traffic rose to considerable magnitude.
The business of the Detroit, Grand Haven and Milwau- kee Railway (formerly the Detroit and Milwaukee Rail- road ) at its station at St. Johns village in the year 1879* was as follows :
# Items furnished by the secretary of the company.
Number of passengers outwards.
16,813
inwards .. ...
16,682
tons of freight outwards.
19,395
inwards. 4,922
Receipts from outward passengers .. $15,521.82
freight
$38,519.41
DESCRIPTION OF FREIGHIT FORWARDED.
Apples, barrels 197
Pork, pounds.
96,204
Lumber, cars.
121
Wool, =
... 63,596
Staves, ears.
90
Brick and stone, tons.
50
Grain, pounds
27,748,915
Plaster,
1
Potatoes,
158,550
Sundries,
3,185
St. Johns contains to-day at least eight merchants who have done business continuously in the town for the space of twenty years and upwards, ending with the present year. There are, moreover, five professional gentlemen and one manufacturer of whom a similar statement may be made. The merchants are George W. Stephenson, John Hicks, A. F. Cowell, Charles Kipp, A. O. Hunt, A. Teach- out, P. L. Vancousant, aud J. H. Corbit. The professional men are O. L. Spaulding, H. M. Perrin, and Henry Wal- bridge, lawyers, and Drs. Louis Fasquelle and D. C. Stew- art. The manufacturer is W. W. Brainard.
VILLAGE INCORPORATION AND LIST OF OFFICERS.
The first step towards the incorporation of the village of St. Johns was indicated in the following publication, viz. :
" Notice is hereby given that the undersigned, legal voters residing in the territory hereinafter deseribed, will at the next annual meeting of the Board of Supervisors of Clin- ton County, to be held at De Witt on the first Monday of October next, make application to the said board, on the said day, for an order of incorporation of the following one square mile as a village, to be described by boundaries as follows :
" Commencing at a point where the quarter-line of sec- tion 9 intersects the section-line of 8 and 9; thence east along said quarter line to the point where said line inter- sects the section-line of 9 and 10; thence south to the south line of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway ; thence west along the south line of said railway sixty-nine rods ; thence south to the quarter-line of section 16; thence west along the quarter-line of sections 16 and 17 three hundred and twenty rods; thence north to the south line of said railway ; thence east along the said line of the said railway to the section line of 8 and 9; thence north along the said last-mentioned line to the aforesaid quarter-line of section 9, the place of beginning, in the township of Bingham, county of Clinton, and State of Michigan, to be known and designated as the village of St. Johns.
" David Sturgis, S. W. Gibbs, William H. Moote,
Henry Walbridge,
Stephen J. Wright, J. T. Newell,
John Hicks, George F. Mead,
William L. Hicks,
Charles Kipp,
George W. Emmons, J. II. Corbit, A. M. Crawford, A. Plumstead,
William Weeks, Sheldon Munger,
J. E. Leach, William W. Flagler,
Joshua Garte,
M. E. Palmer, and thirty-one others.
" Dated Bingham, Sept. 2, 1857."
368
HISTORY OF CLINTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
The petition was presented to the Board of Supervisors, and at a meeting held Oct. 15, 1857, an order of iucor- poration was entered, and John Swegles, Charles Kipp, and Alonzo Plumstead appointed inspectors of an election to be held on the first Tuesday in March, 1858, at Hicks' Hotel, in the village of St. Johns.
The election was accordingly held on the 2d of March, as provided. The officers eleeted on that occasion were : President, William H. Moote; Clerk, John Ransom ; Treas- urer, Alonzo Plumstead ; Trustees, Jolin Swegles, George W. Stephenson, David Sturgis, George W. Emmons, Wil- liam W. Flagler, and William L. Hicks ; Assessors, Marvin E. Palmer, Ransom Plumstead; Street Commissioners, S. T. Hayward, Spencer W. Gibbs, John B. Lucas ; Marshal, George W. Estes; Poundmaster, Charles O. Stiles.
At the fourth meeting of the board of trustees, April 17, 1858, by-laws and ordinances were adopted, and at the meeting of April 24th the street commissioners were author- ized to eoutract with Marvin E. Pahuer for the grading and filling of Clinton Avenue, at sixteen eents per yard.
Following is a list of the persons chosen annually to the chief village offices of St. Johns from 1859 to 1880: 1859 .- President, W. W. Flagler; Clerk, John Ransom ; Treasurer, George W. Estes ; Trustees, Ransom Plumstead, Archelaus Silsbee, James W. Hun- gerford, W. L. Hicks, George W. Stepheuson, George W. Emmons.
1860 .- President, Marvin E. Palmer; Clerk, R. V. Briggs; Treasurer, Ransom Plumstead ; Trustees, George W. Stephenson, S. T. Hayward, John Ilicks, George W. Emmons, Charles Plumstead, Wil- liam H. Moote.
1861 .- President, William L. Hieks; Clerk, George F. Mead ; Treasurer, Hiram C. Hodge; Trustees, W. W. Brainard, George W. Emmons, Jacob Brown, Louis W. Fasquelle, Marvin E. Palmer, Henry W. Walton.
1862 .- President, R. M. Steel; Clerk, George F. Mead ; Treasurer, Hiram C. Hodge; Trustees, M. E. Palmer, Jacob Brown, Charles Plumstead, L. W. Fasquelle, George W. Emmons, Joab Baker.
1863 .- President, G. W. Stephenson ; Clerk, George F. Mead ; Treasurer, Ransom Plumstead ; Trustees, M. E. Palmer, John Hicks, J. W. Paine, Thomas S. Congdon, George Worden, Celestin Loranger.
1864 .- President, Alonzo Plumstead ; Clerk, Charles Plumstead ; Treasurer, Alpheus F. Cowell ; Trustees, John H. Corbit, Thomas J. Urie, A. G. Higham, Spencer W. Gibbs, Mina Boyd, John Hicks.
1865 .- President, Alonzo Plumstead; Clerk, Charles Plumstead ; Treasurer, Jacob Brown ; Trustees, William L. Ilicks, Theodore W. Ferry, Arche- laus Silsbee, Andrew J. Wiggins, Frederick Wilkinson, George Worden.
1866 .- President, Robert McFarlan ; Clerk, L. G. N. Ran- dolph ; Treasurer, Samuel S. Walker; Trustees, A. II. Walker, E. D. Tripp, William W. Brain-
ard, William Siekels, Henry M. Perrin, James W. Reid.
1867 .- President,* Thomas J. Urie ; Clerk, E. D. Tripp; Treasurer, George W. Stephenson ; Trustees (one year), Joseph H. Ingalls, Paul De Witt, I. Z. Munger (for two years), John Hieks, Thomas S. Congdon, William S. Decker.
1868 .- President, H. M. Perrin; Clerk, E. D. Tripp; Treasurer, P. L. Vaneousant ; Trustees, . Ilenry Walbridge, George W. Emmons, John C. Day- ton.
1869 .- President, Alvah H. Walker; Clerk, G. W. Wells; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, Robert McFarlan, Stephen J. Wright, Harvey W. Car- rington.
1870 .- President, A. II. Walker; Clerk, George A. Wells ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, Richard Moore, John H. Corbit, John C. Day- ton.
1871 .- President, A. H. Walker ; Clerk, George A. Wells ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, H. M. Lamphere, Henry S. Ililton, Charles Fowler.
1872 .- President, James Kipp; Clerk, George A. Wells ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, L. C. Kellogg, Warner Bunday, Asher Teachout.
1873 .- President, O. W. Barker; Clerk, George A. Wells ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, Charles Fowler, A. J. Nelson, John D. Henderson, Jr.
1874 .- President, Samuel . S. Walker ; Clerk, George A. Wells ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, Thomas Padley, Warner Bunday, Harvey W. Carrington.
1875 .- President, Samuel S. Walker; Clerk, James H. Collins; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, Charles Fowler, John D. Henderson, John M. Easton.
1876 .- President, Samuel S. Walker; Clerk, James Il. Collins ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, Isaae Holton, Gilbert L. Goodyear, William H. Hoffman.
1877 .- President, D. S. French ; Clerk, James H. Collins; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, John D. Henderson, Charles H. Eaton, E. L. Nichols. 1878 .- President, D. S. French ; Clerk, James HI. Collins ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, P. K. Perrin, H. Il. Hawley, Henry Fildew, Jr.
1879 .- President, D. S. French ; Clerk, J. H. Collins ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, J. D. Henderson, E. L. Nichols, Charles II. Eaton.
1880 .- President, Charles Fowler ; Clerk, James HI. Col- lins ; Treasurer, Charles E. Grisson ; Trustees, A. L. Butler, Warner Bunday, Robert Young.
The votes east at the first village election in 1858 num- bered one hundred and sixty-six ; the number polled at the election in 1880 reached five hundred and thirty-nine.
The Legislative aet of incorporation, passed March 2, 1867, described the village territory as ineluding the whole of sections 9 and 16, the east half of seetion 17, the south-
# Reincorporated by act of Legislature.
369
VILLAGE OF ST. JOHNS.
east quarter and east three-quarters of the northeast quar- ter of section S, the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 21, and the cast half of the northeast quarter of section 20.
CHURCHES.
THE PIONEER RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATION-THE METHI- ODIST EPISCOPAL CLASS.
The first sermon preached in the village of St. Johns was delivered in the autumn of 1855 at Gibbs' Railroad Ex- change by Rev. J. S. Harder, then riding the circuit of Du- plain as a Methodist Episcopal preacher. He came about twice a month that year and a portion of the following year, and during 1855 organized a class, of which the original members were D. H. Warren, Caroline Warren, Lovina Higgins, Ilenry Smith, Wilson Curtis, Ethan Allen, Catherine Curtis, Michael Trecce, and Mary Treece. Early services were held at the Railroad Exchange, and afterwards at Clinton HIall, on Clinton Avenue, above Kipp's Corner. Of the first class the first leader was Ethan Allen, who elaimed to be a grandson of that old Ethan Allen who captured Fort Ticonderoga.
In 1857, S. W. Gibbs was chosen class-leader, and in the same year Revs. Brockway and Sherman were on the work as the successors of Ilarder and Hill. The place of worship was changed in 1857 to Plumstead Hall, and from there to the school-house and afterwards to the Baptist church, which the Methodists occupied on alternate Sun- days until the completion of their own church in 1863.
A Sunday-school partaking of the character of a union Sabbath-school was organized by Mr. Ilarder before the elass was formed, and for a time the school had regular weekly sessions in the Railroad Exchange. Early in 1857 there was a spirited revival and nineteen persons were added to the membership, to wit : S. W. Gibbs, Clarinda Gibbs, W. K. Homer, Esther Homer, Anna Hutchinson and her daughter Anna, Philena Newton, Robert Shewin, Susan Shewin, Charlotte Smith, Mary Urie, Sharpnock Urie, Eliza Hicks, John Halstead, Elizabeth Halstead, IT. B. Bliss, Eleanor Bliss, E. M. Badgley, and Mary B. Whitstone. Among the early pastors of the church were Revs. Ilarder, Ilill, Brockway, Sherman, Otis, Cawthorne, Fox, Fowler, Wood, and Webb.
During 1863 the church society erected a house of wor- ship upon the lots originally set aside by the village pro- prietors to the Episcopal Church Society. The Episcopa- lians were, however, unable to pledge themselves to build a church, and so the Methodists-agreeing to a similar prop- osition-received the land as a donation, and Jan. 14, 1864, their house was dedicated, the dedicatory sermon being preached by Dr. T. M. Eddy, of Chicago, editor of the Christian Advocate. The church building is thirty- nine by sixty-five feet in dimensions, and surmounted with a spire ninety feet in height from the ground. Its cost was four thousand dollars. In 1864 the elass membership had risen to about fifty ; now it is one hundred and forty- two. A. P. McCabe is class-leader; M. V. Brown, W. W. Brainard, T. S. Congdon, A. Richardson, and P. C. Stuart, trustees. The pastor is S. L. Ilamilton. The Sunday- school is in charge of J. D. Estes, superintendent, and a
corps of fifteen teachers. The average attendance is one hundred and thirty-four, and the volumes in the library two hundred.
THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCII.
In 1857, Rev. William G. Smith, a Presbyterian mis- sionary living at Hartwellville, came to St. Johns and in the house of James W. Ransom organized the First Pres- byterian Church of St. Johns, with four members,-James W. Ransom and John Ransom, his brother, with their wives. The first members received after that were Levi Brown and wife. A church society was formed May 31, 1858, by James W. Ransom, Levi Brown, O. L. Spaulding, William M. Snow, James Hayes, John Ransom, George W. Estes, and S. T. Hayward. The trustees chosen were James Kipp. H. S. Harrison, William M. Snow, James Hayes, S. T. Hayward, and O. L. Spaulding. .
Services were held quite regularly in Plumstead Hall until about 1860, when removals of members from town and withdrawals to other churches weakened the society so that before the elose of the year it ceased to exist.
THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCHt.
The records of the First Baptist Church of St. Johns, dating from the beginning of the church's history up to a comparatively recent date, were either lost or destroyed by fire some time ago, and as evidence by oral testimony as to the early days of the organization is exceedingly meagre, this chronicle must needs be brief.
Baptist preaching was supplied in the township as carly as 1849, and probably earlier. At all events, when Elder C. A. Lamb, a Baptist minister, came in that year from Oak- land County to live in Bingham he held publie worship in the township. A church was organized by Elder John Gundeman shortly after 1850, and in 1855 a church so- eiety was incorporated, November 2d, with W. J. McKay, George W. Estes, William J. Bancroft, Charles Higgins, H. S. Gibbons, and J. O. Palmer as trustees. About that time the present house of worship at St. Johns was built. The first deacon of the church was Reuben S. Norris.
A union Sunday-school was organized in the village by II. S. Gibbons and others even before the organization of a church. The school-room was at first in the old black- smith-shop that served as a room for a day-school, and soon afterwards Clinton Hall was the place of meeting. The Bap- tist Church and society have maintained an active existence since their organization. The church has now a flourishing membership of one hundred and eighteen. The deacons are J. O. Palmer and George Morris. J. O. Palmer is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has an average attendance of upwards of one hundred. The church pastor is the Rev. J. W. Stone.
FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.
The first entry upon the records of the First Congrega- tional Church of St. Johns is as follows : " At a meeting of professed Christians, convened, pursuant to public notice, at the school-house in the village of St. Johns on the first day of April, 1860, to take into consideration the propriety of' organizing themselves into a Congregational Church, James Kipp was chosen moderator and L. H. Pennington
47
370
HISTORY OF CLINTON COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
clerk. Rev. William P. Esler, a Congregationalist minister of Eagle, was present and assisted in the exercises."
At that meeting the First Congregational Church was organized, and the constitution, articles of faith, and cov- enant subscribed to by James Kipp, S. II. Pennington, Sarah A. Pennington, Henry Walbridge, Charlotte E. Willson, Charlotte Patch, Elizabeth A. Magoffin, and Walter Norris. James Kipp and Walter Norris were chosen deacons at the same meeting.
At a second meeting, held April 14th, further additions to the membership were made in Asher Hathaway, Wil- liam H. Nurris, G. P. Mattoon, Ilorace M. Skinner, and Harvey Lyon. Applications for membership were accepted from Theodore Lyon, Harvey Lyon, Jr., James S. Skinner, Daniel Webster, Elizabeth J. Lyon, Nancy L. Mattoon, Nancy M. Mattoon, Susan Hinckley, Julia A. Skinner, Amanda Webster, Sarah Ann Norris, Mahala Norris, Delia E. Hathaway, Harvey Armstrong, Susan B. Armstrong, and Eliza Armstrong. G. P. Mattoon was chosen deacon, and Asher Hathaway, Horace M. Skinner, and William II. Norris committeemen. Rev. William P. Esler was chosen to be the church pastor for one year, and G. P. Mat- toon, James Kipp, and II. Walbridge appointed to repre- sent the church in the Genesee Association to be held at Owosso, April 24, 1860. The first recorded celebration of the Lord's Supper occurred April 29, 1860, and the first baptism-that of Daniel L. Kelley-on the same day.
A church society was organized Jan. 13, 1862, and Henry M. Perrin, Asher Hathaway, George W. Barker, Horace M. Skinner, Charles Kipp, and Henry Walbridge chosen trustees. A church site donated by the village company was exchanged for other lots, and upon the latter a church was built in the fall and winter of 1864.
The Rev. Mr. Esler closed his labors as pastor in 1862, and was succeeded by Rev. R. Apthorpe, who resigned in January, 1867. Rev. George M. Tuthill succeeded him in July, 1867, and on April 1, 1868, he presented the an- unal report for 1867, showing a membership of seventy- five and accessions during the year of six. Mr. Tuthill resigned his charge April 1, 1870, but continued to sup- ply the pulpit most of the time until Jannary, 1872, when Rev. M. K. Pasco was engaged. He resigned in Novem-
ber, 1873, and was directly succeeded by Rev. L. F. Bickford, who gave place in December, 1874, to Rev. S. Sessions, at the close of whose service, in December, 1875, the mem- bership of the church was one hundred and twelve. Rev. C. Barstow was the pastor until 1877, when J. E. Rich- ards, the present pastor, entered upon his labors.
The church membership June 1, 1880, was about one hundred and fifty (two hundred and fifty-four having been received since organization in 1860), and that of the Sun- day-school one hundred and fifty. The trustees were B. D. Palmer, Josiah Upton, A. Shafer, A. O. Hunt, William II. Turner, and A. J. Baldwin; the deacons, James Kipp, Levi Brown, and B. D. Palmer. The Sabbath-school has fourteen teachers and a library of two hundred volumes.
ST. JOHN'S ( PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL) CHURCHI.
The first Protestant Episcopal services held in St. Johns were conducted by Rev. John Bramwell, of Lansing, who
on the 21st of October, 1856, wrote to Timothy Baker, of St. Johns, saying that, if convenient, he would hold Epis- copal services in the village on Wednesday, November 5th. Mr. Bramwell accordingly came over and held the promised services in the village school-house. After that Mr. Bram- well made similar occasional visits to St. Johns, but how many cannot be said.
The first step towards the actual organization of a church was taken May 4, 1858, when, at a meeting " of persons professing attachment to the Protestant Episcopal Church" at Plumstead's Hall, William H. Moote was chosen chair- man and Timothy Baker secretary. Thereupon the meet- ing adjourned to meet at the post-office May 5th, and that meeting resulted in the election of Louis W. Fasquelle, Timothy Baker, Hiram C. Hodge, William H. Moote, Oliver L. Spaulding, George W. Stephenson, and George F. Mead as vestrymen, Louis W. Fasquelle and George W. Stephen- son as wardens, O. L. Spaulding secretary, and Timothy Baker treasurer. Precisely what was the outcome of the foregoing does not appear from the records. From them, however, it does appear that on May 25, 1858, formal articles of a church organization were signed by Timothy Baker, Louis W. Fasquelle, Hiram C. Hodge, William W. Flagler, James H. Benson, William H. Moote, George F. Mead, O. L. Spaulding, J. H. Corbit, D. N. Murray, George W. Stephenson, H. M. Perrin. The name adopted was that of St. John's Church, and the first annual meet- ing appointed for June 4th, at Plumstead's Hall. Somehow the plan for organization miscarried, and until April, 1864, the Episcopalians of St. Johns depended for public worship, as they had done before 1858, upon such occasional and irregular services as could be obtained from time to time. There had been set aside by the St. Johns Village Com- pany a church-lot upon the site now occupied by the Meth- odist Episcopal church, and as a majority of the village proprietors were of the Episcopal faith, they confidently hoped to see the site occupied by an Episcopal church. The Episcopalians were, however, unable to put such a plan into execution, and the Methodists agreeing to build a church, conditioned upon the donation of the land to them, they were given the privilege, and thus obtained their church-lot free of cost.
April 20, 1864, a successful effort was made to reorganize St. John's Church, and on that day articles of association were signed by A. G. Iligham, Timothy Baker, Louis W. Fasquelle, Samuel S. Walker, Charles Plumstead, and N. C. McCullom. The first meeting was called for April 30th, when a vestry was chosen. Rev. Thomas B. Dooley was ealled to the rectorship, and officiated at stated times for about one year. In 1865, Rev. Henry Barnwell became the rector, and during his term of service, extending over a period of fourteen months, the society, receiving from the village company a donation of three lots (originally set aside and occupied for a village school, but reverted to the company by a removal of the school site), set about the erection of a church edifice, worship from the reorganiza- tion having been held in the school-house. The business of building was checked by the retirement of Mr. Barnwell from the rectorship in 1865, and the parish being vacant until November, 1866, nothing was meanwhile done towards
371
VILLAGE OF ST. JOHNS.
the church construction. At the time last mentioned Rev. S. S. Chapin was called to be the rector, and in the spring of 1867 the corner-stone of the present church building was laid by Revs. B. H. Paddock and George D. Gillespie, the former now bishop of Massachinsetts and the latter of Western Michigan. Upon the first Sunday in 1867 the church was first opened for divine service. Mr. Chapin continued in the rectorship for the space of six years, and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Reeves, who tarried a little more than a year. At the end of that time Rev. S. S. Chapin returned, and in the ensuing autumn the church structure was improved and enlarged. April 19, 1876, it was dedicated by Bishop MeCoskry. Mr. Chapin retired in 1879, and the rectorate remained vacant until the en- gagement of Rev. Joseph Cross, D.D., LL.D., the present rector, in June, 1880.
To the beginning of 1880 the families who had joined the parish numbered seventy, confirmations were seventy in number, ninety-seven names were added to the com- munion list, one hundred and thirty persons were baptized, thirty-five couples married, and forty-nine persons buried. The parish is now clear of debt, owns property valued at four thousand dollars, and is in the enjoyment of much prosperity.
The vestry in 1880 is composed of O. L. Spaulding, F. B. Cutler, C. E. Grisson, J. II. Cranson, G. S. Corbit, J. HI. Corbit, and S. S. Walker.
ST. JOHN'S (ROMAN CATHOLIC) CHURCH.
During the progress of the construction of the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad, at and near St. Johns, in 1856 -57, Father Koenig, of Flint, visited the place occasionally and held Roman Catholic Church service in the shanties of the railway hands. Similarly Father De Yordias, of West- phalia, visited the town subsequently, aud still later Father Von Palmer, of Corunna, conducted periodical services for the space of two years in the house of Jeremiah Dooling. By that time the accession of a dozen or more families to the congregation warranted the attachment of St. Johns to the Corunna mission and the provision of regular services. After Von Palmer's term expired, Father Vaudenriche was given charge of the work and the place of worship trans- ferred to the village school-house. In 1862 measures were taken to erect a church building upon lots donated by A. II. Walker and A. G. Higham. A building committee, com- posed of Father Vandenriche, Celestin Loranger, Michael Ryan, Dennis Clancey, and William Ryan, was appointed, and entering at once upon the work of soliciting subserip- tions, obtained by 1864 the sum of two thousand dollars, contributed by the business men of the village without re- gard to creed. The church was accordingly begun in 1864, completed in 1865, and dedicated in 1867, Bishop Caspar A. Borgess, of Detroit, officiating. When the church was occupied in the spring of 1865 the congregation included about sixty families, and at that strength has remained until this day without material change.
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