History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I, Part 111

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York
Number of Pages: 1094

USA > Michigan > Wayne County > Detroit > History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I > Part 111

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The Commercial Advertiser and Michigan Home Journal

was established in 1861 by Charles F. Clark, under the name of The Commercial Advertiser, a weekly at $1.00 a year. On January 1, 1863, it was sold to William H. Burk, and in the fall of 1866 the name " Michigan Home Journal" was added. Originally established chiefly as a commercial paper, it has for several years circulated as a literary and family paper. The price is $ 150 a year.

The Familien Blaetter,

a German Republican weekly, was established by Aug. Marxhausen, July 1, 1866, at $2.50 a year. A daily issue, called The Abend Post has been pub- lished since September 1, 1868. Price, $ 1.50 per year.

The Agricultural and Horticultural Journal, a semi-monthly, was established by Pope & Cole- man on January 1, 1869. Price, $1.25 a year.

The Michigan Farmer and State Journal of Agriculture

was commenced, as an entirely new weekly paper, on May 15, 1869, by Johnstone & Gibbons. Price, $1.50.a year.

The Progress of the Age,

a semi-weekly, published by Pope & Coleman, was established in January, 1872. Price, $1.25 a year.

The Western Home Journal,

an eight-page Catholic weekly, at $2.00 a year, was established by the Home Journal Company, Septem- ber 28, 1872. On January 15, 1878, William E. Savage became the proprietor, and on January 5, 1883, he was succeeded by W. H. Hughes, who continued its publication under the name of The Michigan Catholic.

The Evening News.

This, the first successful cheap daily in Michigan, was established on August 23, 1873, by J. E. Scripps.

For the first two months it was printed at The Free Press office; then, on October 23, it was moved to Shelby Street where four years later a commodious brick building was erected for it. It was printed on a four-cylinder Hoe press from 1873 to 1880, when a Scott web press, with a capacity of 28,000 sheets per hour was substituted and in 1883 the printing facilities were further increased by a second press of like capacity. From the first the paper was ex- ceptionally prosperous and it closed its tenth year with a circulation of 40,000 copies daily. For several years it boasted a larger daily circulation than all other daily papers in Michigan combined, and is claimed to be the most valuable newspaper property in the state. Among those who largely aided Mr. Scripps in the development of the paper have been M. J. Dee, R. B. Ross, G. R. Osmun, John McVicar, Charles F. May, and others in the editorial department ; W. H. Brearley, A. H. Herron, and G. H. Scripps, in the business department ; and R. W. Wyckoff, in the mechanical. The paper has been the defendant in a great number of prosecu- tions for libel and is perhaps the only newspaper in the country which has ever had to pay a judgment of $20,000 and costs, that amount being paid in 1884 in the famous Maclean case. Towards this amount a considerable sum was contributed by those who believed the paper to have been harshly treated. In July 27, 1876, the paper absorbed the subscription lists of

The Detroit Daily Union,

which had been started as a workingmen's organ on July 4, 1865, by a company of striking printers, which later became a democratic paper, and ulti- mately fell into the hands of John Atkinson and T. D. Hawley. W. H. Thompson was its business manager, during the greater part of its history, and was succeeded by M. H. Marsh. Thomas M. Cook was its last editor. On October 15, 1878, a weekly edition of The Evening News was estab- lished under the name of The Echo. The price of the daily is $5, and of The Echo $1 a year.

The Michigan Christian Herald,

the State organ of the Baptist Church, was first pub- lished at Kalamazoo on February 1, 1870, by L. H. Trowbridge as a bi-monthly, under the name of The Torchlight. In January, 1871, it was changed to a monthly, and on January 1, 1873, was issued bi-weekly at $2.00 a year, under the title of The Herald and Torchlight. In October, 1873, it was moved to Detroit, and on January 1, 1874, it was issued as a weekly, at $2.00 a year. On January I, 1875, it took its present title, The Michigan Chris- tian Herald, and on January 1, 1880, was enlarged from four to eight pages.

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LIVING PAPERS AND PERIODICALS.

The Michigan Christian Advocate

is the successor of The Adrian District Methodist, a monthly paper first issued October 1, 1873, by Rev. O. Whitmore, at Adrian; it was published on the recommendation of the preachers of the Adrian District, two of whom, Rev. I. N. Elwood and Rev. A. F. Bourns, were especially helpful in starting the

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MICHIGAN CHRISTIAN HERALD BUILDING. BUILT 1880.

paper. On the recommendation of the district con- ferences of several districts, it was enlarged on December 1, and the name changed to Michigan Christian Advocate. In September, 1874, the De- troit Conference adopted it as its local organ, and in December the Methodist Publishing Company organized, bought the paper, and removed it to Detroit, where on January 1, 1875, it was first issued as a weekly. Rev. O. Whitmore and Rev. L. R. Fiske, D. D., were engaged as editors, and con- tinued in charge until September, when Rev. J. M. Arnold succeeded to the editorship, with Rev. J. H. Potts as associate editor. Mr. Arnold died on December 5, 1884, and Mr. Potts became the chief editor, Rev. C. M. Stuart being associate editor for one year, from August 1, 1885, He was followed by Rev. J. F. Berry. With the issue for November 12, 1881, the paper was changed from folio to quarto form. Price, $1.50 a year.

Die Stimme der Wahrheit,

a German weekly, at $2.50 a year, was commenced in 1875, with J. B. Mueller and E. Andries as editors and proprietors.

The Detroit (formerly Wayne County) Courier.

was established at Wyandotte in May, 1870, under the title of The Wyandotte Enterprise by D. E. Thomas, and sold in 1871 to H. A. Griffin. Soon after, Griffin & Bates, and on January 1, 1872, Griffin & Nellis, were publishers. In 1879 the paper was sold to E. O'Brien. Its politics were Republi- can until its removal to Detroit in 1876, when it became the first Greenback paper in Michigan. After its sale to Mr. O'Brien, it again became a Republican paper. In 1881 it was published by O'Brien & Robertson, and on October 27, 1881, it was sold to W. J. H. Traynor. The price is $1.00 a year.

The Medical Advance,

a quarterly, which was first published in January, 1877, by Dr. C. H. Leonard, at fifty cents a year, was continued for three years, and then succeeded by

Leonard's Illustrated Medical Journal, first issued in 1880. The price is 50 cents a year.

The Public Leader,

a paper devoted to the interests of wine, beer, and liquor dealers, was established May 19, 1874, by the Leader Publishing Company. In 1874, the com- pany bought the Trades Journal of Ottawa, Illinois. The Leader was sold on May 1, 1875, to H. S. Pot- ter, and sixteen days later was transferred to W. J. H. Traynor. The price is $2.00 a year.

691

LIVING PAPERS AND PERIODICALS.

The Index,

a weekly octavo, was first issued November 15, 1877, by T. J. Crowe.

New Preparations,

a medical quarterly, was first issued in January, 1877, by George S. Davis. It was edited by Dr. C. H. Leonard. In January, 1879, it was changed to a monthly, and Dr. William Brodie became the editor. In January, 1880, the name was changed to

Therapeutic Gazette.

This is a royal octavo of four hundred and eighty pages yearly. The price is $1.00 a year. With the January number of 1885, the editorial office was changed to Philadelphia, with H. C. Wood, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics at the University of Pennsylvania, and Robert Meade Smith, M. D., Professor of Comparative Physiology at the University of Pennsylvania, as editors, the office of publication continuing in Detroit.

The American Lancet,

a monthly, edited by Drs. L. Connor and H. A. Cleland, was first published in 1878 by E. B. Smith & Company, at $3.00 a year. In May, 1879, George S. Davis became the publisher, and L. Connor, M.D., sole editor. Originally called The Detroit Lancet, the name was changed in January, 1886.

The Michigan Railroad Guide,

a monthly, has been issued since May, 1877, by E. Schober. Price, $1.00 a year.

The Family Circle,

published by Pope & Coleman, a weekly at $1.25 a year, was first issued in January, 1878.

The Medical Age,

also published by George S. Davis, is the successor of

The Michigan Medical News,

a semi-monthly, edited and published by Dr. J. J. Mulheron, and first issued in January, 1878, at $1.00 a year. In January, 1883, it was purchased by George S. Davis.

The Detroit Clinic,

a weekly, at $1.00 a year, was established January 4, 1882, with H. O. Walker. M. D., and O. W. Owen, M. D., as editors, and Drs. Theodore A. McGraw, E. L. Shurly, N. W. Webber, and T. N. Reynolds as associate editors. It was owned by George S. Davis, who, after the purchase of The

Michigan Medical News, combined the two periodi- cals under the name of The Medical Age. It is a semi-monthly, at $1.00 a year, Dr. John Mulheron, managing editor; Drs. Henry F. Lyster, T. A. Mc- Graw, Daniel La Ferté, and H. O. Walker, asso- ciate editors.

A New Idea.

This monthly paper, devoted to pharmaceutical interests, is published by F. Stearns & Company, and was established in January, 1878. Price, fifty cents a year.

Michigan A. O. U. W. Herald.

This organ of the American Order of United Workmen was first issued in May, 1878. The price is fifty cents a year, and it is published monthly.

The Family Herald,

a weekly story paper, at $2.00 a year, published by W. J. H. Traynor, was first issued on May 7, 1881.

The Home Messenger,

a monthly, was first issued by the Board of Man- agers of the Home of the Friendless on December I, 1868, at seventy-five cents a year. It was discon- tinued in December, 1879, and resumed in March, 1882, as a quarterly at $1.00 a year, with Mrs. C. F. Livermore as editor.

The Indicator,

a monthly paper, devoted to insurance and real estate matters, was first issued in May, 1882. Price, $2.00 a year. It is published by Leavenworth & Burr.

The Western Newspaper Union

is the successor of The Michigan Ready Print, established in 1877 by Joseph Saunders. The first number of the Union was issued on January I, 1883. It is a weekly, at $1.00 a year. M. H. Red- field, manager.

The Detroit Plaindealer

is a weekly devoted to the interests of the colored race. It was first issued on May 16, 1883. It is published by Jacob Coleman, R. and B. Pelham, R. Redman, and W. Stone. Price, $1.50.

The Spectator,

the organ of several labor organizations, was first issued June 16, 1883. It is a weekly, at $1.50 a year.

The Detroit Evening Journal.

This paper, published by the Evening Journal Company, was founded by Lloyd Brezee and first issued September 1, 1883, with Lloyd Brezee as

692

CITY PRINTERS.

editor-in-chief and C. C. Packard as business mana- ger. It is a two-cent daily, and commenced with a capital of only $3,200. Originally an individual enterprise, on December 6, 1883, a stock company with $37,500 cash capital was formed for its publi- cation. The amount was increased on May 27, 1884, to $50,000. On September 18 a controlling interest in the paper was sold to S. J. Tomlinson, who became its chief editor. In May, 1885, Mr. Tomlinson retired and William Livingston, Jr., be- came chief owner. Under Mr. Livingston's super- vision the staff of the paper was entirely reorganized, with Frank E. Robinson as managing editor, and Henry S. Harris as editorial writer.

In July, 1886, Mr. Harris resigned, and was suc- ceeded by E. G. Holden. On May 7, 1887, the entire 500 shares of stock were purchased by W. H. Brearley, who continued the company organization by placing one share of stock with Mrs. W. H. Brearley and one with each of the company attor- neys, Messrs. A. H. Wilkinson and Hoyt Post. Mr. Brearley, who was well known as successful and experienced in newspaper work, assumed the gen- eral management of the paper on May 14.

The editorial staff was unchanged save by the addition of Gilbert R. Osmun as state editor, and R. B. Ross as special writer.

As an independent journal with protectionist and temperance proclivities, the paper has achieved a leading position. Its new service includes both the Associated and the United Press franchises. It has four pages of eight columns each, and on Sat- urdays issues a double number. Attached to the staff is an artist for work requiring quick illustra- tion. It is published at Nos. 40 and 42 Congress Street West, and is printed on a Scott fast press, which prints, cuts, pastes and folds the papers and delivers them in bundles.

The Michigan Churchman,

a religious weekly, at $2.00 a year, was first issued in January, 1888. It is edited by Rev. G. Mott Williams.

The Sunday Sun,

a weekly, at $2.00 a year, was established in June, 1885.

The Center,

a weekly temperance paper, is the successor of The Michigan Prohibitionist, which was first issued on August 28, 1884, by a stock company: On April 16, 1885, Rev. F. B. Cressey bought the paper and changed the name to The Center. The price is $1.00 a year.

The American Pharmacist,

a monthly, was first issued October 1, 1885. The

price is $1.00 a year. Charles Wright is publisher. The Eye Echo.

This is a bi-monthly devoted to optical science, and was first issued in January, 1886. It is very carefully edited. The price is fifty cents a year, and it is published by the Johnston Optical Company.

The Grocer and Butcher.

This, the official organ of the Grocers' and Butchers' Association, was first issued December 4, 1886. It is a weekly, at $1.oo a year. J. H. Brownell is manager.

The Microscope.

a monthly journal, established in January, 1881, was published by Prof. Stowell at Ann Arbor, at $1.00 a year. In January, 1887, it was moved to Detroit, and was here first issued by D. O. Haynes & Co.

The Pharmaceutical Era,

a monthly magazine published by D. O. Haynes & Co., at $1.50 a year, was first issued January I, :887.

The Druggists' Bulletin,

a monthly, published by George S. Davis, with B. W. Palmer, M. D., as editor, was first issued in January, 1887.

The Detroit Trade Journal,

a weekly, published by G. W. Halford, was first issued May 20, 1884. The price is $2.00 a year.

The Lamp of Life,

a monthly, at 25 cents a year, was first published in 1882 at Bay City, by the Rev. J. S. Smart ; he sub- sequently removed it to Albion, and in June, 1884, transferred his interest to Rev. J. F. Berry, and in December of the same year it was sold to the Metho- dist Publishing Co., who continue its issue.

The Sunday Herald,

a German weekly at $2.60, was first issued Septem- ber 14, 1884, by Adolph Kauffman, now president of the Herald Company. A daily edition was issued from October 4, 1885, to June 4, 1886.

The Advance and Labor Leaf,

was first published by the Detroit Typographical Union on November 1, 1884, as a campaign sheet. Charles S. Bell managed it, and after the election continued it as a weekly at 50 cents a year, publish- ing 16 numbers. In March, 1885, he sold it to J. R. Burton, who enlarged it, raised the price to $1.00, and in February, 1887, sold it to J. M. McGregor, and since the issue of February 19 of that year, it has borne its present title. Judson Grenell is editor.

693

NEWSBOYS.

The Freemason,

published by Latour & Co., is a weekly paper at $1.00 a year, and was first issued November 15, 1 884.

The Beacon,

a Congregational weekly, at $1.00 a year, was first issued November 23, 1884, and is published by John P. Sanderson.

The Index Medicus.

This is a monthly index of the subjects and titles of the current medical literature of the world, made up from books and periodica's contained in and received at the surgeon general's library at Wash- ington. It was first issued in January, 1879, with Dr. John S. Billings and Robert Fletcher, M. D., as editors, and F. Leypoldt, of New York, as publisher. In December, 1834, the publication lapsed because of the death of the publisher, and owing to the ex- pense of publication, and because of its scientific and commercially unprofitable character, many pub- lishers declined to take hold of it, and as a result, expressions of regret and disappointment appeared in all the scientific medical publications of the world. Finally, Geo. S. Davis was appealed to and asked to undertake its publication. In view of its value to the profession, he concluded to do so; and with the aid of the original editors, in March, 1885, he published a triple number, being the January, Feb- ruary and March numbers combined, and since that date the publication has been continued. It circu- lates in almost every civilized country of the world. The price is $10.00 a year.

CITY PRINTERS.

Appointments to the office of city printer were made as early as 1824, but the duties of the office were not prescribed until 1842. After that year proposals for printing were invited, and yearly con- tracts made, for printing the proceedings of the council. Proposals are invited by the Comptroller, and the contract is awarded by the council at the beginning of each fiscal year.

The contractor for the Public Printing prints in some daily paper full proceedings of all meetings of the council, and furnishes about twenty-five copies for the use of city officers and aldermen. He also prints annually the notices of tax sales, the proceedings of the council and the reports of all the officers and of some of the boards. Since 1870 the several official reports have been collected annually and bound in one volume.

By Act of April 13, 1871, provision was made for printing the proceedings of the council in a German newspaper. By Act of 1879, not more than $2,500 may be paid for printing official proceedings in all

languages ; and the publishing of the tax-list is restricted to one official paper. The bills for city printing for various decades have been : 1830, $63 ; 1840, $297; 1850, $685 ; 1860, $2,393; 1870, $13,- 633 : 1880, $13,908.

NEWSBOYS.

These are one of the modern institutions, the out- growth of war influences and of the larger popula- tion of the city. Newsboys and bootblacks were comparatively unknown prior to the summer of 1861 ; since that time there has been a constant in- crease in their number. In April, 1862, an attempt was made to have them licensed, but the effort

A NEWSBOY.

failed. Four years later they had become very numerous, and many of them, having no home, slept in the streets. Mrs. Beulah Brinton made an earnest effort to promote their welfare by providing lodgings for them in the Hawley Block; but after a few months' trial, the attempt was abandoned. In 1874 and 1875 a similar and more persistent effort was made, chiefly supported by Luther Beecher. A school for two evenings in a week was established, and a Sabbath school, and food and clothing were provided, but after several months' effort the difficul- ties of the undertaking caused it to be discontinued.

An amusing indication of the independent spirit of the newsboys was shown on July 20, 1877, when they attempted to prevent the sale of The Evening News, the price charged them being in their opinion too high. They would not sell the paper and tried to prevent others from doing so. Their generally unruly character finally compelled the passage, on No- vember 26 following, of an ordinance requiring each newsboy to obtain a yearly license, and wear a badge for which they are required to pay ten cents. By amended ordinance of February 6, 1878, the badges were to be issued only on satisfactory assurance of good conduct, and were to be the city's property, and to be returned to the city unless renewed at expiration of the license. The number of boys thus licensed in 1881 was 700; in 1886, 1,606.

CHAPTER LXX.

EARLY BOOK PRINTING .- BOOKS AND BOOKSELLERS .- ALMANACS .- GAZETTEERS. DIRECTORIES. -- MAPS OF MICHIGAN.

EARLY BOOK PRINTING.

IT is almost certain that there was a printing press here as early as 1777, for Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton distributed to the " Rebel Colonists " large numbers of proclamations dated from, and in all probability printed at Detroit. The earliest account of a printing press in this region is contained in a manuscript letter-book of Alexander & William Macomb. A letter therein, written in 1785 to one of their correspondents at London, refers to a printing press they had received, and their corres- pondent is reminded that no directions have been sent for putting it in working order. No evidence of the use of the press has been found, but there is abundant evidence of the use of the press and type brought here from Boston or Baltimore in 1809 by Rev. Gabriel Richard, and immediately rented or sold to James M. Miller.

The first book printed on this press was probably "The Child's Spelling Book, or Michigan Instructor, being a compilation from the most approved authors, selected by a teacher. It is a book of twelve pages, with the date of August 1, 1809, and printed by James M. Miller. In 1883 there was a copy in pos- session of C. N. Flattery. The Michigan Essay, a newspaper issued in 1809, also bears Miller's imprint. The same year he issued a prayer book with the title, "L' âme penitente, ou la nouveau considera- tion sur les verities éternelles, etc., etc. Jacques Miller, Imprimeur, Detroit, 1809." 16mo., pp. 300.

In 1811 A. Coxshaw printed two books, as follows : " La Journe du Chrétien Sanctifié par la prière et méditation. A. Coxshaw Imprimeur, Detroit, 1811,'' (16mo, thick), and " Les Ornemens de la Memoire : ou les Traits brillans des Poetes Francois des plus celébres ; Avec des Dissertations sur chaque Genre de Style, pour perfectionner l'education de la Jeu- nesse Au Detroit. Imprime par A. Coxshaw, 1811." (12mo. pp. 130.)

In 1812 Theophilus Mettez had charge of the press, and in that year he issued the following works, all of them printed in both French and English : "Epitres et évangiles pour tout les dimanches et fêtes de l'âme D'après l'édition du Monseigneur l'évèque de Quebec. (12mo. pp. 396.) "Petit

Catechisme Historique, contenant en abregé l'his- toire Sainte et la Doctrine Chretienne. Par M. Fleury, Prétre, Prieur d'Argenteuil. Nouvelle edition, Detroit. Imprimé par Theophile Mettez, 1812."

During the War of 1812 the proclamations of Generals Hull and Brock were printed from the same type. Copies of the proclamations are pre- served by various persons, and the libraries of James A. Girardin and R. R. Elliott contain several of the books.

In June, 1843, Bishop Lefevere presented about seven hundred pounds of the old type to James A. Girardin and E. N. Lacroix to be used in printing a paper; soon afterward it was sold for old metal, and sent to Lyman's Type Foundry at Buffalo.

BOOKS AND BOOKSELLERS.

The people of to-day cannot realize the poverty of the earlier inhabitants in the matter of books. Now, there is scarcely a home in the city where books may not be found. In early days, up to about 1810, there were hardly three hundred volumes in the whole city. Book-stores were unknown, and new books of any kind as compared with present issues were as one to a thousand. New publications were occasionally forwarded to some officer of the garrison, or imported with packages of merchandize, and a new book by a new author would set society on tiptoe to see, or hear, or read it. Occasionally a leading merchant would "bring out " a few standard volumes on an order, but these orders were rarely given. The books that were obtained represented the best of the English classics, and, if you found any, you would find Shakespeare, The Rambler. The Spectator, Hannah More's works, Rollin's An- cient History, the works of Josephus, Walter Scott's novels, Fox's Book of Martyrs, the poems of Milton, Moore, Pope, and Burns, Young's Night Thoughts, Edgeworth's Tales, and very likely the works of Sterne, Smollet, and Fielding.

When the Gazette appeared in 1817 the proprie- tors sought to encourage literary taste and increase their profits by selling books as well as papers, and by their efforts the book trade was begun. The business was continued by John P. Sheldon, and in

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BOOKS AND BOOKSELLERS.

1826 Stephen Wells became a partner with him. In 1832 Mr. Wells was the sole owner of the store. He died in 1834, and the stock was sold to L. L. Morse, and he and S. W. Johnson bought out the store of A. H. Stowell, established in 1832. The two stocks were combined and large additions made. Morse & Johnson were succeeded by Berger & Stevens. The firm of Snow & Fiske, established in 1834, had probably the most complete stock of any firm up to that date. On the death of Mr. Fiske Sidney L. Rood became proprietor ; he went out of business in 1841. In 1836 John S. & A. S. Bagg, of the Free Press, were proprietors of a book-store. J. S. Bagg retired, and it was continued until about 1852 by A. S. Bagg. The firm was then changed to Bagg, Patten, & McDonald ; in 1855 the firm name was McDonald & Finley; after a year or two R. H. Finley became sole proprietor and gradually sold out the stock. In 1837 P. R. L. Pierce was keeping a book-store, as was also Horace Galpin. As early as 1837 or 1838 Messrs. Aymar & Shaw and Alexander McFarren began. John I. Herrick went into the trade about 1840 ; he soon admitted George Mckenzie into partnership, and in 1846 Mckenzie was sole proprietor. In 1843 M. M. Wil- liams was advertised as a bookseller at the Post- office. About this time Chauncey Morse began business. Mr. Selleck became his partner about 1854, and the firm of Morse & Selleck continued until 1856. Mr. Selleck then retired, and Mr. Morse went to Grand Rapids. Kerr, Doughty, & Lapham began about 1852. The firm afterwards changed . to Kerr & Doughty; in 1855 it was Kerr, Morley, & Company, then J. A. Kerr & Company, and from 1857 to 1860 Doughty, Straw, & Company. In 1860 or 1861 they sold out to Raymond & Lapham. The beginnings of this last establishment date from 1853, when T. M. Cook was engaged in the trade. In 1855 Francis Raymond was associated with him, and the firm of Raymond & Cook succeeded to the business of Alexander McFarren. In 1856, and up to 1860, the firm name was Raymond & Selleck ; then Raymond & Lapham ; in 1860 or 1861 they bought out Doughty, Straw, & Company, and in 1862 the firm name was Raymond & Adams. In 1863 Mr. Raymond sold his interest to T. K. Adams. and soon after the business was closed up. G. F. Rood commenced a stationery and blank book-store about 1844, and in 1851 sold out to Friend Palmer. In 1853 Mr. Whipple became a partner, remaining two years. The business was next conducted by Friend Palmer, and in 1859 by Palmer & Fisher. In 1861 Friend Palmer was sole proprietor, continu- ing until 1863, when he was succeeded by F. Ray- mond, who went out of business in 1872.

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History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I, Part 111

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902 Publication date: 1890 Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York Number of Pages: 1094

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York
Number of Pages: 1094