USA > Michigan > Wayne County > Detroit > History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I > Part 81
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Meantime the inhabitants were not inactive. They formed in double lines, obtained water, passed it from hand to hand, and poured it on the flames ; but the effort availed but little, and was soon dis- continued. Some of the people continued to throw water from buckets and basins; others rushed hither and thither with ladders and fire-bags, but all in vain. Boats, pirogues, and canoes were now in requisition. Furs and flannels, beds and bundles, goods and groceries, were placed therein, and with heavy hearts and heavy loads the boats were pulled away, in many cases only to be overtaken and destroyed by the burning shingles that filled the air. The margin of the river was thickly lined with tables, chairs, chests, and bedsteads. In many cases household goods and household gods were pre- served only by being thrown into the water. The excitable French population grew almost frantic as they saw houses, shops, and barns, one after another, turned to ashes almost in a moment. The thatched buildings, many of them a century old, moss-grown, and made sacred by a thousand memories and tra- ditions, handed down from those who risked their
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IMPORTANT FIRES.
all in the first settlement on the banks of the Detroit, flamed and flashed, and faded out of sight. The narrow streets, ranging from twelve to twenty feet in width, offered little or no hindrance to the spread of the fire, and by one o'clock, out of nearly two hundred buildings inside of the stockade, but one was left, the stone chimneys alone remaining to mark the sites of the others.
The building left standing was owned by Robert McNiff, and was located on St. Anne's Street near the site occupied in recent years by the Campau House. A warehouse just outside of the stockade, at the foot of what is now Wayne Street, on the southeast corner of Woodbridge Street, was also saved; it was owned by Angus McIntosh, and occupied by Colonel H. J. Hunt.
On the western side of Woodward Avenue there were a number of buildings untouched by the fire, which extended no farther than the middle of the block between Griswold Street and Woodward Avenue.
Rev. John Dilhet, a Roman Catholic clergyman, gives this account of the fire :
I was occupied with Mr. Richard when a messenger came to inform us that three houses had been already consumed, and that there was no hope of saving the rest. I exhorted the faithful who were present to help each other, and immediately commenced the . celebration of low mass, after which we had barely time to remove the vestments and furniture of the church, with the effects of the adjoining presbytery, when both buildings were enveloped in the flames.
In the course of three hours, from 9 o'clock till noon, nothing was to be seen of the city except a mass of burning coals, and chimney-tops stretching like pyramids into the air. Fortunately there was no wind during the conflagration ; this allowed the flames and smoke to ascend to a prodigious height, giving the city the appearance of an immense funeral pile. It was the most majestic, and at the same time the most frightful spectacle I ever witnessed. The city contained at least one hundred and fifty houses, mostly frame, which caused the fire to spread with the utmost rapidity. The number of people in the town being unusu- ally large, there was ample force for removing the merchandise and furniture of the inhabitants, which were in a great measure saved. No personal injury was sustained during the fire.
This last statement is evidently a mistake, for an appropriation bill of December 8, 1806, contains an item that not over $20.25 was to be paid to Cather- ine Lasselle for "nursing a child crippled by the conflagration of the 11th day of June." Other in- juries are spoken of and further particulars narrated in the following letter from the agent of the public stores at Detroit to Governor Harrison :
DETROIT, June 14, 1805.
SIR,-
I have the painful task to inform you of the entire conflagration of the town of Detroit. About ten o'clock on Tuesday last a stable, immediately opposite the factory, was discovered on fire. The first intimation I had of it was the flames bursting through the doors and windows of the house ; I immediately gave the alarm, and with great exertion saved my papers, and about two thirds of the goods of the factory ; my private property was entirely con- sumed.
In less than two hours the whole town was in flames, and before three o'clock not a vestige of a house (except the chimneys) vis- ible within the limits of Detroit. The citadel and military stores were entirely consumed, and the furniture belonging to the estate of Colonel Hamtramck shared nearly the same fate ; the china is the only thing I can mention to be the contrary.
I have removed the factory goods to the ship yard, and am now fixing a place to arrange them for disposal, agreeable to the origi- nal intention of the establishment, and I will speedily forward a statement of the loss that has been sustained. The situation of the inhabitants is deplorable beyond description ; dependence, want, and misery is the situation of the former inhabitants of the town of Detroit. Provisions are furnished by contributions, but houses cannot be obtained.
Mr. Dodemead lives in a corner of the public storehouse at the ship yard ; Mr. Donavan with his family have gone to Sandwich ; and Mr. Audrain, with many others, occupy the small house below Mr. May's. A number of families are scattered over the commons without any protection or shelter.
I have been very much bruised and hurt by my exertion to save the property. My right arm particularly is so much swelled that I can hardly hold the pen to write these few lines, and my mind is equally affected with the distressing scenes I have witnessed for the last three days.
I am, Sir, your ob't serv't ROBERT MUNRO.
Just previous to the fire, Jacques A. Girardin, a baker, kneaded a batch of bread and placed it in his oven. When the fire ceased burning he be- thought him of his loaves, and proceeded to his bakery. To his astonishment he found that the bread was not only uninjured, but well baked. It was dinner time and also a time of need; and his hot and hungry neighbors were generously supplied from this unexpected store.
A list of losses by the fire, presented to a com- mittee of citizens, foots up £39,847, but the total loss must have been much greater, as the names of several score of persons, known to have been living in the town at the time, are not included in the list.
After the fire some of the people were cared for in farm houses along the river; others erected tents and shanties on the commons in the rear of the old town. In a letter to James Madison, Secretary of State, dated August 3, 1805, Governor Hull says, "On my arrival (July Ist) every house was crowded, and it was more than a week before I could obtain the least accommodation. I am now in a small farmer's house about a mile above the ruins, and must satisfy myself to remain in this situation dur- ing the next winter, at least."
It was fortuitous, indeed, that the fire did not occur in winter, for although there was much dis- comfort, the mild weather made it endurable for a time. The country people soon poured in, with materials to be paid for when the citizens were able, and also offered their assistance to raise new build- ings. Timber, plank, stone, lime, brick, and other materials necessary for building were of course in great demand,-a state of affairs which appears to have been peculiarly satisfactory to the lumbermen, and in a letter to James Madison, written August
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IMPORTANT FIRES.
3, 1805, and on file at Washington, Governor Hull makes known the horrible suspicion of the people. He says, "It has not been ascertained how the fire took place, but it is generally believed it was by de- sign, and by persons interested in the lumber trade. Contracts had been previously made for all the lum- ber at the mills, and which could be sawed this season, which was a novel arrangement in this coun- try." Was it in deference to this belief that Gover- nor Hull issued a proclamation on September 4, 1805, forbidding all persons, on pain of fine and in- prisonment, to cut any timber in the St. Clair pinery ? or was it because he purposed to prevent, as he did prevent, the people from building on their old lots, in order to secure the adoption of a new and really better plan? Such, at least, was the result of his efforts, for no houses were built during all that year,
In connection with plans for the relief of the people, some curious statements are made by Mr. Gentle. He says:
Two or three days after the fire, the sufferers met in McComb's orchard and appointed a committee to forward petitions to differ- ent parts, and to receive contributions for the relief of the suffer- ers. Through neglect the petitions were not forwarded until about six weeks afterwards. By that time the public commisera- tion had in a great measure subsided ; and this, we may suppose, was the reason why in all the United States not one cent was raised for our relief. Three weeks after the fire a vessel arrived from Michilimackinac and brought a contribution of nine hun- dred and sixty-one dollars, addressed to Frederick Bates, James Henry, and Robert Abbott, to be distributed amongst the most necessitous of the sufferers. Soon after, a bill of exchange of one thousand and ten dollars was received from Montreal by Elijah Brush for the same purpose. Mr. Brush disposed of the bill to R. and J. Abbott, and received four hundred dollars prompt pay- ment. Meantime Mr. Bates gave up his part of the charge to Mr. Henry. Some part of the Michilimackinac money being in bills on Montreal, Mr. Henry gave them over to R. and J. Abbott, to the amount of $336. The whole in R. and J. Abbott's hands is $925 ; in Mr. Brush's, $400 ; in all, $1,961.
Towards spring, 1806, a meeting of the sufferers was held, and a committee empowered to compel those to whom this money was intrusted to give an account of its expenditure. A demand was made, but the answer not being satisfactory, it was resolved to enter suits against them at the following September term, if pre- vious to that time they did not comply with the above demand.
The disposal of these contributions gave rise to much controversy, and the matter was considered by the Governor and judges on October 22, 1808, when "Judge Woodward laid on the table a reso- lution for the appointment of a committee on the subject of sundry considerable sums of money sub- . scribed by the inhabitants of Montreal and Michili- mackinac for the relief of the sufferers by the con- flagration of Detroit."
It does not appear from the old records that a settlement was then made, and it is not probable that any settlement would have been thoroughly satisfactory to all parties. There is no evidence that any of the funds were misappropriated. As late as October 20, 1817, Solomon Sibley, who, in
some way, became the custodian of a part of the funds, turned over to the University the sum of $625.67. as part of the donation received from the citizens of Mackinaw, and from some other party, enough more (part or all of which came from Mon- treal) was turned over to make up the sum of $940. (See History of the University).
The remembrances of 1805 made the people care- ful and vigilant ; and for twenty years thereafter no record or memory exists of a single conflagration.
1825. On the 27th of September the brewery of Abbott & Converse was consumed, with a large quantity of beer and barley.
1827. Two years later the Detroit Gazette an- nounced the second burning of the brewery on the 17th of February, as follows :
Between 8 and 9 P. M. a fire broke out in the brewery of Messrs. Abbott & Converse, situated on Palmer & Mckinstry's wharf, adjoining the storehouse and wharf of Dorr & Jones. After most severe and unceasing exertions for upwards of four hours, the fire was so far checked as to warrant the hope that no farther damage would be done by it. On taking a survey of its ravages, it was found that in addition to the brewery, the ashery of Thomas Palmer, the shop of R. W. Paine, wagon maker, and the shop. of Mr. Ewers, cooper, were destroyed. Several small buildings were torn down and others damaged.
1830. On April 26 the Detroit Gazette office, the dwellings of John Smith and Judge McDonnell, the stores of Major Brooks and Mr. Griswold, and the offices of Dr. Clark and Thomas Palmer were burned.
1831. On Sunday, January 16, at one P. M., a building on the corner of Jefferson Avenue and Griswold Street, occupied by Mr. Heartt as a hardware store, and also by Mr. Wendell, was burned. The flames extended to an adjoining building, occupied by Dean & Hurlbut as a saddle and harness store; also to the adjacent dwelling house occupied by the Messrs. Moon, Cole, Porter and Dr. Henry, which was destroyed, together with many household goods belonging to John Farmer, stored, during the absence of the family, over Dean & Hurlbut's. Total loss, about $8,000; insurance, $4,000.
June 8, Judge Leib's house in Hamtramck was burned.
December 9, the dwelling of Julius Eldred, French & Eldred's woolen factory, S. Phelps' gro- cery and bath-house, also a house owned by B. Campau and occupied by Mr. Moon as a grocery and by Mr. Fairbanks as a dwelling, were destroyed. All were located on and near the corner of Ran- dolph and Atwater Streets. Loss, $9,000.
1832. March 16, a cooper shop, with dwelling occupied by Mr. Sutton was burned.
March 28, house and stable owned by Mrs. Hanks, occupied by J. Keeney. Two horses burned.
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September 15, stable of Robert Abbott, below the city, burned.
1833. July 15, Mr. Goodell's barn, near the jail.
August 15, the new dwelling of Mr. Beaubien took fire; Lieutenant Morris, with several U. S. soldiers, aided in putting out the fire.
October 5, a fire at I A. M. in Z. Kirby's leather store and W. & F. Brewster's dry goods store, in or next to Smart's Block. Roof burned and some of the goods.
1834. Sunday, January 12, cabinet warehouse of Moore & Britton, corner of Randolph and Atwater Streets, entirely consumed.
January 15, Beardsley's blacksmith shop.
August 21, steamboat, Oliver Newberry, partially burned ; loss, $1,000.
1835. On Sunday, December 13, at 10.30 A. M., a fire, corner of Larned and Brush Streets, burned an unfinished building belonging to the proprietors of the Journal and Courier ; one adjoining building was also entirely destroyed, and several others par- tially burned.
1836. February 17, a fire began about 8 P. M., which burned N. T. Ludden's grocery and John Hale's dry goods store and shoe shop on Atwater Street, near Berthelet Market.
September 6, Rice & Clark's steam saw-mill and sash factory. Loss, about $15,000.
1837. January 4, at 3 P. M., a fire on the north- east corner of Jefferson Avenue and Shelby Street, in T. C. Sheldon's block, burned the Free Press office, H. A. Naglee's confectionery and bakery, Rufus Brown's grocery and A. Chaffee's blacksmith shop. Total loss, about $23,000.
April 27, at 12.30 A. M., a fire broke out in the bakery of Mr. White on Woodward Avenue, which burned seventy-three buildings. It extended on Woodward Avenue from Woodbridge to Atwater, on Atwater, both sides, from Woodward to Ran- dolph ; on both sides of Wcodbridge to the Steam- boat Hotel, near Randolph Street, leaving in three blocks only one brick house and a range of low wooden buildings, opposite the Steamboat Hotel. Loss, about $200,000. Following is a list of the property destroyed : John Farmer, block of three stores; J. L. Whiting, storage and forwarding house ; J. White, bakehouse ; M. Bishop, provisions and groceries ; Mckenzie & Graves, provisions and groceries ; F. Moore & Co., provisions and grocer- ies ; S. Fletcher, Hall of Amusement; Garrison & Holmes, grocery; J. Roberts, cigar manufactory ; Little & Wells, chair manufactory; A. C. Pierce & Co., wholesale grocers ; J. Farrar, general store ; Jesse McMillan, grocery and liquor store ; Robert Terhune, crockery warehouse; Amos Lewis, St. Joseph House ; Michael Dougherty, upholsterer ;
William Dickenson, groceries; William Andrews, groceries ; Mrs. Copland, bakery and confectionery ; George Miller, groceries ; Michael Kelly, provisions and groceries; C. L. Bristol, new block of five stores.
1838. May 1, building on northwest corner of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues burned. The occupants were: John McReynolds, loss $11,000, insured for $6,000; T. H. Hickcox, loss $3,000; George Doty, loss $5,000; De Graff & Townsend, loss $1,000, insured; William Phelps, loss $300.
December 17, a bowling alley, tailor shop, gro- cery and barn, at foot of Woodward Avenue, burned at I A. M.
1839. February 9, at 3 A. M., a woodshed, stable, two horses and a cow, belonging to Mr. Wilkins on Jefferson Avenue.
June 26, Wednesday, at 10 P. M., T. M. Ladd's two-story house on Cass Farm.
September 1, evening, Great Western, at the wharf of Gillett & Desnoyers.
1840. September 26, 4.30 A. M., corner of Gris- wold and Larned Streets, a barn and four horses burned; the property of O. Field.
October 31, a barn and several small buildings on southeast corner of Monroe Avenue and Farmer Street, belonging to Major Kearsley.
December 17, Fletcher's Hall of Amusement and Campbell's liquor store, foot of Woodward Avenue.
1841. Sunday, January 3, at 6.30 A. M., Major Dequindre's house, corner of St. Antoine and Wood- bridge Streets.
May 17, C. L. Bristol's house, opposite the Capi- tol, and Central Railroad House, on Michigan Ave- nue, kept by John Chamberlain. Loss, $9,000.
1842. On Saturday, January I, a fire broke out about 10 P. M., probably in the chimney of the New York and Ohio House, old wooden buildings, located on the northwest corner of Woodward Avenue and Woodbridge Street. The fire burned over the entire block, bounded by Woodward and Jefferson Avenues, Griswold and Woodbridge Streets, con- suming twenty-five buildings, including the two finest four-story brick stores then in the city. En- tire loss, $200,000.
Among the buildings were those of Messrs. Lud- den, Garrison, John Palmer, Webb & Douglass, Dequindre, Moore, Chandler and Dwight. The following business places were burned out : Adver- tiser and Free Press offices, the Museum, F. Ray- mond's clothing store, Warren's confectionery, Gardner's crockery store, G. & J. G. Hill's drug and grocery store, A. C. McGraw's shoe store, E. Bingham's drug store, Nelson's grocery, Salsbury's grocery, Johnson's tailor shop, the Custom House, and many small establishments.
At this fire the officers and soldiers of the Fifth
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IMPORTANT FIRES.
United States Regiment did effective service, for which they were thanked by the Common Council.
April 27, the Canadian steamer Western burned at Watkins & Bissell's dock.
October 6, II P. M., O. Newberry's warehouse and part of the Commercial Hotel. Loss, $3,000.
1843. February 20, at corner of Woodward Avenue and Woodbridge Street, a building occu- pied by A. H. Stowell, B. B. Moore, and Witherell's law office. The adjoining buildings, occupied by A. M. Bartholomew and M. F. Dickinson, were much injured.
August 12, several small buildings, also a horse, corner of Woodbridge and Beaubien Streets.
October 18, at 1.30 A. M., on south side of Jeffer- son Avenue, between Bates and Randolph Streets, the building occupied by George Egner, confec- tioner; Tyler & Beaufait's hat store; Dr. Bar- tholick, druggist; and Gantry, tailor, were burned; also Barney Campau's dwelling.
1844. November 4, the house of G. Mott Wil- liams, corner of Congress and Wayne Streets. This was the first fire that had occurred since the one last noted, over a year previous.
December 13, early in the morning, Campau's Block, on northwest corner of Jefferson and Wood- ward Avenues, partly burned. The stores were occupied by W. & D. Bennett, druggists. Loss, $5,000. Adjoining store of De Graff & Townsend slightly damaged.
I845. March 15, 2 A. M., Detroit Iron Com- pany's Foundry entirely consumed.
1846. August 28, Mr. Holmes' residence on Larned Street much injured; barn burned, also a carpenter shop and R. H. Hall's stable.
1847. March 8, dwelling on Woodward Avenue, owned by C. W. Morgan, occupied by J. C. W. Sey- mour. Loss, $600.
July 24, dwelling near Central Depot, owned by Mr. Lothrop, of Jackson, occupied by Mr. Le Roy.
September 15, tannery of W. Parker, near Water Works, burned. Loss, $10,000.
December 21, an extensive fire broke out about II o'clock in the block on north side of Jefferson Avenue, between Randolph and Brush Streets. It was first discovered in Long's wagon shop. It spread rapidly half way to Brush Street, west to Randolph Street, and north to the alley between Jefferson Avenue and Larned Street, burning all as far east as William Moore's livery stable.
1848. January 24, residence of Samuel Pitts on Jefferson Avenue. Loss, $3,000.
April 12, 9 P. M., barn used by D. Smart, corner of Russell Street and Jefferson Avenue.
May 4, Odd Fellows' Hall, on Woodward Ave- nue, considerably damaged.
May 9, an extensive conflagration occurred. It
burned more buildings and destroyed much more property than any previous fire.
It originated in De Wolf's storehouse, better known as the "old yellow warehouse," located on the river between Bates and Randolph Streets, and was caused by sparks from the propeller St. Joseph, then lying at the dock. The fire extended from this point northeast nearly to the southwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Beaubien Street, burning most of the buildings, nearly three hundred in all, south of Jefferson Avenue to the river; and from the middle of the block between Bates and Ran- dolph Streets to the middle of the block between Brush and Beaubien Streets,-a space equal to six squares. For many years the locality was desig- nated as the "burnt district." Of the buildings burned, one hundred and seven were dwelling- houses, and between three hundred and four hun- dred families were left homeless. Among the more prominent buildings burned were the old Council House, the Berthelet Market, Wales Hotel or the American House, and Woodworth's Steamboat Hotel. The fire broke out at 10.30 A. M., and lasted till 4 P. M. The sparks were so numerous and so large that, east of Woodward Avenue, nearly every house had to be watched, and sparks brushed from the roofs. The whole city was alarmed, and there was great fear that the fire could not be subdued. Several buildings were blown up and others torn down, to hinder the progress of the flames. Furni- ture was carried for safety to points a mile distant, and many families, nearly that distance away, com- menced to pack their most valuable goods. The total loss exceeded $200,000, on which there was but $34,000 insurance. Sufferers by the fire were relieved by committees of citizens.
August 22, William Barclay's foundry burned; it was a large wooden building, on the corner of Lafayette Avenue and Shelby Street. Loss, about $12,000.
October 31, II P. M., United States Hotel, on Woodbridge between Griswold and Shelby Streets.
1849. February 14, three wooden buildings near the Commercial Hotel. One entirely, and two par- tially consumed.
April 14, Born's shoe shop and dwelling on Larned Street, between Bates and Randolph Streets, burned.
May 22, twelve o'clock midnight, a fire broke out in the machine shop and engine buildings of the Pontiac Railroad Depot, and the buildings and their contents, including many valuable patterns, tools, etc., were destroyed. The engines were removed without injury. The depot was on the southwest corner of Gratiot and Farmer Streets.
June 5, Wilcox's carpenter shop, on the north side of Farrar, between Monroe and Gratiot Avenues,
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IMPORTANT FIRES.
entirely, and the adjoining old brick theatre partially destroyed.
June 14, John Edwards' old Ferry House, at the foot of Woodward Avenue, was burned.
August 23, a fire on Monroe Avenue, near Ran- dolph, burned Northrop's blacksmith shop, Graves' paint shop, and a carpenter shop.
December 7, a fire on south side of Jefferson Avenue, between Bates and Randolph Streets, originating in a frame building next to M. H. Web- ster's hardware store, burned Stewart's botanic store, Hirsch & Silberman's cigar store, William Lambert's clothes cleaning establishment, and other business places.
November 19, officers' quarters at Fort Wayne burned.
1850. March 28, about three o'clock A. M., a fire broke out on northeast corner of Jefferson Avenue and Griswold Street, and Collins' eating house, Banks' clothing store, Rankin's shoe store, Marsh's jewelry store, and the stores of Rowe & Co., oyster dealers, and Bates & Henderson, tailors, were de- stroyed.
May II, the Williams' Block, on south side of Jefferson Avenue, corner of Bates Street, was dam- aged by a fire in the upper stories; building occu- pied by Carpenter & Rice, J. & W. Thompson, and James Lowry.
June 17, a grocery, on corner of Jefferson Avenue and Beaubien Street, and several wooden buildings were burned.
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