History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I, Part 9

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York
Number of Pages: 1094

USA > Michigan > Wayne County > Detroit > History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I > Part 9

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369 Bethel Church of Evangelical Associa- tion-Second Building, 578

370 St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church, 582 371 Christ Protestant Episcopal Church- Original Building, 583

343 Grotto of Church of the Assumption, Connor's Creek.

548 344 First Protestant, afterwards Trinity Cath- olic Church,

556 345 Fac-simile of Scrip issued by First Prot- estant Society,

557

346 Reduced fac-simile of Articles of Incor- poration of First Methodist Episcopal Church, Ist page,

560

347 Reduced fas-simile of Articles of Incor- poration of First Metodist Episcopal Church, 2d page,

561

348 Reduced fac-simile of Articles of Incor- poration of First Methodist Episcopal Church, 3d page.

562

349 Reduced fac-simile of Articles of Incor- poration of First Methodist Episcopal Church, 4th page,

· 563

350 First Methodist Episcopal Church, origi- nal brick building,

351 First Methodist Episcopal Church, corner Woodward Avenue and State Street,

566

352 Central Methodist Episcopal Church, 568

353 Congress Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 570

354 Original Lafayette Street Methodist Epis- copal Church, 570

355 Tabernacle Methodist Episcopal Church, 570

356 Walnut Street Methodist Episcopal Church,

571

357 Simpson Methodist Episcopal Church, 571

358 Jefferson Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church,

572

359 Palmer Memorial Methodist Episcopal

Church, 572

360 Sixteenth Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 573

361 Junction Methodist Episcopal Church, 574 362 Delray Methodist Episcopal Church, 574

363 Cass Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, 575 364 Second German Methodist Episcopal Church, 576

PAGE

365 Thirty-second Street German Methodist Episcopal Church, 576

366 Lafayette Street African Methodist Epis- copal Church, 577 367 Ebenezer African Methodist Episcopal Church,

401 Dutch Reformed Church,

xliv

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

405 Cass Avenue Baptist Church, 607

406 Second Baptist Church (colored),

607

407 Lafayette Avenue Baptist Church, 608

408 First German Baptist Church, 608

409 Eighteenth Street Baptist Church, 609

410 Twelfth Street Baptist Church, 609

411 Second German Baptist Church, 610

412 Clinton Avenue Baptist Chapel, 610

413 Clinton Avenue Baptist Church, 610

414 The French Baptist Church, 611

415 First Congregational Church,

613

416 First Congregational Church, Fort Street 614

417 Woodward Ave. Congregational Church, 615

418 Trumbull Ave. Congregational Church, 615 462 Free Press Building,

419 Springwells Congregational Church, 616

420 Mt. Hope Avenue Congregational Mis- sion Chapel, 616

421 View of Monroe Avenue and St. John's Church in 1872,

617

422 First German Evangelical Protestant St. John's Church and School, 618

423 Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church,

424 St. Paul's German Evangelical Church, Seventeenth Street,

619

472 St. Vincent de Paul Catholic School, 723

473 Our Lady of Help Catholic School, 723

474 St. Albert's Catholic School, 724

475 Polish Franciscan Convent and Mother House, 724

476 Academy of the Sacred Heart, 725

477 Detroit College, 725

478 Trinity Lutheran School, 726

479 Convent of the Sacred Heart, Grosse Pointe, 727

480 Old University Building, Bates Street. 730

622

481 Goldsmith, Bryant & Stratton's Business University, 732

622

482 First Public School Building, 738

483 Old Second Ward Public School, 745

484 The Barstow School, 745

485 The Houghton School,

746

436 Disciples of Christ Church,

625

486 The Jackson School, 746

487 The John Owen School, 747

488 The Nichols School, 747

626

627

490 The Wilkins School, 748

628 491 The Lincoln School, 748

628 492 The Franklin School, 748

629

493 The Cass School-original appearance, 749

649

494 The Cass School-as enlarged, 749

495 The High School, 750

651 496 The Duffield School, 750

652 497 The Firnane School,

751

447 St. Mary's Hospital, original building,

448 St. Mary's Hospital, new building,

449 Old Industrial School,

450 New Industrial School,

451 Former St. Joseph's Retreat for the Insane, 656 452 St. Luke's Hospital, Church Home, and Orphanage, 656

453 Harper Hospital, original building, 658

454 Harper Hospital, new building, 659

455 Home of the Friendless, 660

456 Women's Hospital and Foundlings' Home, 662 457 House of Providence,

662

458 The Little Sisters' Home for the Aged Poor, 663

459 The Thompson Home, 664

460 Portrait of Mrs. Isabella G. D. Stewart, 667

461 Tribune Building, 685

688

463 Michigan Christian Herald Building, 690

464 A Newsboy, 693

465 Detroit News Company's Store,

696

466 Old Female Seminary, Griswold Street, 716

467 The Detroit Home and Day School, 719

468 German American Seminary, 719

469 Trinity Catholic School, 721

619 470 St. Mary's Catholic School, 722

471 St. Joseph's Catholic School, 722

620

428 St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Joseph Campau Avenue,

429 St. Mathew's Evangelical Lutheran Church,

621

430 Zion German Reformed Church,

622

431 St. Peter's German Evangelical Lutheran Church,

432 Former Salem German Evangelical Luth- eran Church,

433 St. Luke's German Evangelical Church,

623

434 St. John's Independent Lutheran Church, 623

435 Washington Ave. Christian Church, 624

437 Mission Church of Disciples of Christ,

625 626

438 New Jerusalem Church,

439 Congregational Unitarian Church,

440 Church of Our Father, Universalist,

441 Third Avenue Mission Chapel.

442 Beth El Synagogue,

443 Synagogue of Shaary Zedec,

444 County Insane Asylum and Poorhouse,

445 St. Vincent's Catholic Female Orphan Asylum,

446 Protestant Orphan Asylum

653 498 The New Irving School, 751

653 499 The Webster School, 752

655 500 The Trowbridge School, 752

655 501 The Bishop School-original appearance, 753

PAGE

425 Original Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church,

426 Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, 427 Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church,

621

489 The Campbell School, 747

xlv

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

502 The Bishop School - as enlarged, 753

503 Seal of the Board of Education.

504 The Public Library, 759

505 Fac-simile of a Trader's License, 768

506 Stores of Moran, Fitzsimons & Co., 769

507 Stores of H. P. Baldwin 2d & Co ..

769

562 Eureka Iron Co.'s Works, Wyandotte,

815

508 Stores of R. H. Fyfe & Co.,

770

509 Stores of R. H. Fyfe & Co., 771

510 Stores of Mabley & Co., 772

51I Stores of Mabley & Co,

774

565 The Middlebrook & Post Manufacturing Co.'s Works,

817

513 Stores of L. A. Smith & Co.,

566 Parke, Davis & Co.'s original Laboratory,

818

514 Stores of G. & R. McMillan,

776

567 Parke, Davis & Co.'s Laboratory in 1884,

819

515 Stores of Dean, Godfrey & Co., 777

516 Stores of T. B. Rayl & Co.,

777

517 Store of P. A. Billings,

570 Detroit Emery Wheel Co.,

822

518 Store of Mumford, Foster & Co.,

519 Stores of Farrand, Williams & Co.,

779

573 Detroit White Lead Works,

824

521 Stores of John J. Dodds & Co.,

780

574 Detroit Linseed Oil Co,

825 825

522 Stores of William Reid,

780

575 Berry Brothers Varnish Factory,

826

524 Stores of Allan Shelden & Co.,

782

577 The American Eagle Tobacco Factory, 578 The Banner Tobacco Factory,

827 827

526 Stores of Heineman, Butzel & Co.,

783

579 The Globe Tobacco Factory,

828

580 Scotten's Hiawatha Tobacco Factory,

828

581 Richardson's Match Factory,

829

582 The Clough & Warren Organ Factory,

830

530 Stores of H. A. Newland & Co., 785

531 Store of Greenslade,

786

583 Hargreaves Manufacturing Company's Factory, 831

584 Pingree & Smith's Shoe Factory, 832

585 Gray & Baffy's Furniture and Upholster- ing Establishment, 833

586 Carriage Factory and Store of Hugh Johnson, 833

587 Beardsley's Furniture Factory, 834

588 Johnston Optical Co.'s Factory, 835

589 Fac-simile of one of Father Richards' Shinplasters, 847

590 Fac-simile of Note of Detroit City Bank, 851

591 Fac-simile of Note of Detroit Bank, 857

592 Fac-simile of Note of Bank of Michigan, 860 593 Fac-simile of Note of Farmers' and Me- chanics' Bank, 861

594 Fac-simile of Note of Michigan Insur- ance Bank, 863

595 Detroit Savings Bank, 864

596 Fac-simile of Note of The Peninsular Bank, 865

597 Fac-simile of Note of The State Bank, 866

598 First National Bank, 867

599 People's Savings Bank, 868

600 Wayne County Savings Bank, exterior view and interior view, 869

601 View of the Vaults of the Safe Deposit Company, 870

PAGE

557 Detroit Stove Co.'s Works, 811

754

558 Michigan Stove Co.'s Works, 812

559 Detroit Stove Co.'s Store, 813

560 Griffin Car Wheel Co.'s Works,

814

561 Peninsular Stove Co.'s Works,

815

563 Detroit & Lake Superior Copper Co.'s Works, 816 817

568 Parke, Davis & Co.'s Laboratory in 1888, 820 821

569 Capsule Factory of F. A. Hubel,

778 778 571 F. Stearns & Co.'s Laboratory, 823

572 Schulte's Soap Works,

824

520 Stores of James E. Davis & Co.,

523 Stores of Edson, Moore & Co.,

781

576 The First Tobacco Factory in Detroit,

525 Stores of F. Buhl & Co.,

783

784

528 Stores of Strong, Lee & Co.,

784

529 Stores of A. C. McGraw & Co.,

785

788

535 Old Board of Trade Building,

536 Stores of Ducharme, Fletcher & Co.,

537 New Board of Trade Building,

538 Store of Sinclair, Evans & Elliott,

539 Store of Standart Bros.,

540 Stores of Phelps & Brace,

541 Stores of Rathbone, Sard & Co.,

542 Stores of Buhl Sons & Co.,

543 Former Woodward Avenue Market,

793

544 Vegetable Market, 794

545 Old Washington Market, 795 796

546 Central Market Building,

547 Michigan Car Co.'s Works, 803

548 Peninsular Car Co.'s Works, 805

549 Detroit Steel & Spring Works, 806

550 Russel Wheel & Foundry Co.'s Works, 806

551 Detroit Bridge & Iron Works,

807

552 Fulton Iron & Engine Works, 807

553 Michigan Malleable Iron Co., 808

554 Michel's Wood Working Machinery Fac- tory, 808

555 Detroit Safe Co.'s Works, 809

556 Detroit Iron and Brass Co.'s Works, 810

787

788

789 789

789

790 790

791

532 Stores of T. H. Hinchman & Sons, 787

533 Store of Dwyer & Vhay,

534 Stores of W. J. Gould & Co.,

527 Stores of Heavenrich Bros.,

564 National Pin Co.'s Factory,

512 Seed Warehouse of D. M. Ferry & Co., 775 776

xlvi

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

PAGE 872

602 State Savings Bank,

603 Office of Detroit Fire & Marine Insurance Company. 873

604 Office of Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Company,

874 882

605 The Post Office 606 Railroad Ferry Dock. 890 607 Detroit & Milwaukee Depot in 1865,

894 896

608 Fac-simile of M. C. R. R. Ticket in 1838,

609 Original Michigan Central Freight Depot, 610 Old Depot Buildings of Michigan Central Railroad on Third Street, 899

611 New Michigan Central Depot, 900

613 Double Railroad Bridge at Baker and Fifteenth Streets 905

614 Jefferson Avenue Railroad Bridge. 906

615 Fac-simile of Collector's Entry on arrival of the Walk-in-the-Water, 909

616 General Office of the Detroit & Cleveland Steam Navigation Company, 911

617 Docks and Yard of the Detroit Dry Dock Company, 912

898 618 Iron Ship-building Docks of the Detroit Dry Dock Company, at Wyandotte, 913

619 The Ferry-boat Argo, 916

620 Government Storehouse - Light-house Department. 920

612 First Locomotive in the West and old Passenger Car, 902 621 The Marine Hospital, 923

PART I. LOCALITY.

CHAPTER I.

DETROIT : ITS NAMES, LOCATION, AND SURROUNDINGS.

NAMES.

AMERICA has but few cities that can properly be called old. Detroit is one of these, and its his- tory is unique and peculiarly interesting. Before New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, or Boston was settled, and long before the time of Oliver Crom- well, the Sieur de Champlain had nearly reached our border, and the Indians had described our site. The city was founded before Peter the Great had built St. Petersburg.

When Cadillac came the East India Company and the South Sea Bubble had not been heard of, and there was not a newspaper or a post-office in the United States. The first colony here established was like a bit of France in the wilds of the New World, and no city in the Eastern States, and but one or two in the South and West, have anything in common with our earlier life. Some of the old records read like a page of Froissart, and visions of mediaval scenes and pictures of savage life are strangely intermingled in the records of our past. Cradled in romance, nurtured in war, and trained in the school of conservatism, the city now glories in her position as the most attractive and most sub- stantial of all the cities whose traditions reach back to the days of the "Grand Monarch." Like some old castle on the Loire, with cresting, tile, and finial added to the ancient towers and moss-grown bat- tlements, so Detroit stands, a proud relic of the past, graced and crowned with all the gifts of the present. Even in its names, it is favored above most cities. At different times it has been desig- nated by no less than six distinct appellations, and has had three different corporate names.

In the old traditions of the Algonquin Indians, it was known by the name of Yon-do-ti-ga, or Yon-do- ti-a, A Great Village ; its first name was thus pro- phetic of its future. It was also called Wa-we-a- tun-ong, Circuitous Approach, on account of its location at the bend of the river. The Wyandotts called the site of Detroit Toghsaghrondie, or Tysch- sarondia, which name, variously spelled, will be

found in the old Colonial Documents, published by the State of New York ; it has been modernized into Teuchsa Grondie, and has reference to the course of the river. The Huron Indians called the place Ka-ron-ta-en, The Coast of the Strait.

When first settled, the location received the name of Fort Pontchartrain, in honor of Count Pontchar- train, the then French Colonial Minister of Marine. As the number of inhabitants increased, and the settlement grew into a village, it received its present name from the word detroit, or strait. Its popular cognomen, the City of the Straits, is thence derived.

It is an interesting fact that the name of the oldest city in the Canadian Dominion and the first capital of that region, the place from which Cadillac and the first settlers came hither, is derived from the Algonquin word quebeis or quelibec, signifying a strait ; the cities of Detroit and Quebec thus bear names similar in origin and signification.

The early French colonists applied the name Detroit to the settlements on both sides of the river, calling one North Detroit, the other South Detroit. It is also known that early French travelers desig- nated all of the waters between Lakes Erie and Huron as the detroit. This generalization has led several modern authors into the error of locating events here that really occurred on the river Ste. Claire.

The city's corporate names have been as follows : By Act of January 18, 1802, it was designated as the "Town of Detroit." By Act of October 24, 1815, it was called the "City of Detroit." On April 4, 1827, it was enacted that the corporate name should be " The Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen of .the City of Detroit." On February 5, 1857, it was enacted that the name should be "City of Detroit."

LOCATION.

The city is located near the head of the river, on its northerly and westerly banks. The eastern boundary is about four miles from Lake Ste. Claire and the western, nearly twenty miles from Lake

[3]

LOCATION-SURROUNDINGS.

Erie. The river separates the British Province of Ontario, formerly Upper Canada, from the State of Michigan, County of Wayne. The city is bounded on the north by the townships of Greenfield and Hamtramck, on the east by Hamtramck, and on the west by the township of Springwells. Reckoning from the flagstaff on the City Hall tower, Detroit lies in latitude 42° 19' 50.28" north ; and longitude 83° 2' 47.63" west of Greenwich, England, and 5º 59' 45.83" west of Washington, D. C. Our time is therefore 23 minutes 59.06 seconds slower than that of Washington. Rome and Constantinople are in nearly the same latitude, and Havana and Calcutta are longitudinally in the same range. Upon a globe the city appears as opposite the northwest corner of the Chinese Empire, and on an air line, it is about one thousand miles northeast of New Orleans, or the Gulf of Mexico, and seven hundred miles west of New York and the Atlantic Coast.

The older portions of the city, including all south of Adams Avenue, are built on a succession of ridges running parallel with the river, their general direction being from east to west. Counting from the river to Adams Avenue, there were at least four ridges. At the corner of Woodward and Jefferson Avenues the ground is twenty-two feet above the river. From Woodward Avenue the ground slopes gradually away to the west until, at Second Street, the roadway is on a level with the wharves. An- other ridge is shown at Fort Street. It crossed Woodward Avenue and extended beyond Farmer Street. The third ridge was just south of the Grand Circus; and in 1885 the property of H. H. Le Roy, on the west side of Woodward Avenue, showed that the street at that point had been graded down nearly four feet. At High Street, and again at Fremont Street, the rise of ground is quite notice- able. At the Holden Road the elevation is fully fifty-two feet above the river.

" Beautiful for situation," the city wins the praises of all who look upon it. No one has more faithfully portrayed its appearance, and the feelings of a visi- tor, than Mrs. Jameson. She says :

The day has been most intolerably hot; even on the lake there was not a breath of air. But as the sun went down in his glory, the breeze freshened, and the spires and towers of the city of Detroit were seen against the western sky.

The schooners at anchor, or dropping into the river, the little canoes flitting across from side to side, the lofty buildings, the enormous steamers, the noisy port and busy streets, all bathed in the light of a sunset such as I had never seen, not even in Italy, almost turned me giddy with excitement.

Since her visit in 1837, the city has both gained and lost in beauty. The old pear-trees no longer form a setting to the houses of white and red, and the tints of gray and brown have mostly disap- peared. Rarer architecture now looms amid the

trees and richer coloring greets the eye, and those who come to see, linger to admire.

SURROUNDINGS.

In the adjoining township of Hamtramck, several elegant residences are located on the river-side. Belle Isle lies in front, and opportunities for boating are unsurpassed. The new City Water Works, with receiving basins, substantial engine-houses, and other buildings, are in the extreme eastern corner. Here also are Linden Park, the Driving Park, and the German Shooting Grounds, and Milwaukee Railroad Junction. The villages of Leeville and Norris are also within the township limits. This latter suburb is about six miles from the city. It was laid out in August, 1873, by Colonel P. W. Norris, after whom it is named. He purchased the grounds in 1865. The village is located about thirty feet above the forks of Connor's Creek, on gently undulating ground; the soil is dry and sandy, but very fer- tile. Prairie Mound, once a favorite haunt of the Indians, and one of their burial-places, is in full view of the village.

An abundant supply of good well-water is easily reached. All the streets and avenues are seventy feet wide ; one is one hundred feet wide and extends to Woodward Avenue. A large Orphan Asylum, controlled by the Lutheran Church, is here located. Near the village is the crossing and station of the Bay City and Grand Trunk railroads.

The township of Springwells, on the southwest boundary of Detroit, contains several large nurser- ies and extensive brick-yards, the village of Delray, the Detroit Glass Works, and Woodmere Cemetery.

The shore line of Grosse Pointe township, which joins Hamtramck on the north, is washed by the clear blue waters of Lake Ste. Claire. The Acad- emy of the Sacred Heart, and the elegant club- house and grounds of the Grosse Pointe Club are here located and there are many elegant residences along the shores of the Lake. The macadamized driveway thither is one of the finest to be found anywhere. There are the beginnings of several villages on the Lake, and the region is now and will always remain the most desirable and attrac- tive suburb that Detroit can possess.

As a yachting resort, Lake Sainte Claire possesses manifest advantages. Its limited area, twenty- eight miles in length, and twenty-five in breadth, its shallowness and exemption from heavy seas or storms, its proximity to a large city, and to numer- ous favorite places of resort, attract from the west- ern lakes many sail and steam craft, and among them may occasionally be noticed a stranger from the Atlantic yacht clubs, which has found its way up the St. Lawrence.

The temperature of the water is almost too cold

SURROUNDINGS.

for bathing, except during the extreme hot weather of July and August ; but, nevertheless, the young people avail themselves of it freely during the season, its sandy bottom, shallowness, and the absence of dangerous holes or currents, permitting the young- est children to paddle about with comparative ex- emption from danger. A lighthouse, on what is

known as Windmill Point, marks the entrance of the river into the lake, and is the chief landmark of the vicinity.

The township of Greenfield adjoins the city on the north. Here is the immense seed farm of D. M. Ferry & Company, embracing three hundred acres.

GROSSE POINTE.

CHAPTER II.

THE RIVER, ISLANDS, WHARVES AND DOCKS, STREAMS AND MILLS.

THE RIVER.

LONDON has its Thames, Paris, the Seine, Rome, the Tiber, and New York, the Hudson; but in everything the Detroit excels them all. It is no wonder that the first visitors came by water when such a stream flowed by them and beckoned them along. All the early travelers bore testimony to the beauty of the river and the volume of its waters, which the population of a score of the largest cities cannot diminish or defile. Then as now islands, like emeralds, were strung along its way, and myriads of wild fowl then fed upon its shores; its waters did not "dash high on a stern and rock-bound coast," but were so still and calm and clear that the smoke of wigwams, nestled on their banks, was mirrored on their smooth surface. Scores of canoes were hauled up on the river-side, while others flashed along the current or plied to either shore. Later on, windmills stretched their broad arms to the breeze, and, with fish-nets hung on reels, formed the landmarks of their day.

The Detroit River is undoubtedly one of the most remarkable in the world. It forms a natural bound- ary between the United States and Upper Canada, separating the State of Michigan from the Province of Ontario; the boundary line opposite Detroit is about midway of the stream, and for most of the distance nearest the Canadian shore. The United States thus has jurisdiction over the larger portion. It was declared to be a public highway by Act of Congress on December 31, 1819. From Windmill Point Light, at the foot of Lake Ste. Claire, to Bar Point, where the river empties into Lake Erie, the distance is 27 miles, 1515 yards. . The distances between other established points are as follows : From Windmill Point Light to foot of Isle La Pêche, 1534 yards ; from Isle La Pêche to foot of Belle Isle, 3 miles, 254 yards; from Belle Isle to Woodward Avenue, 2 miles, 347 yards ; from Woodward Avenue to head of Fighting Island, 7 miles, 780 yards ; from Fighting Island to Bois Blanc Lighthouse, II miles, 640 yards ; from Bois Blanc Lighthouse to Bar Point, 2 miles, 1480 yards.

The greatest width of the river is three miles; in its narrowest point, opposite the city, it is a little over half a mile wide. Its average width is one

mile. The depth varies from ten to sixty feet, with an average of thirty-four feet. The river bottom, for the most part, is sandy or stony. It is navigable for vessels of the largest class, is almost entirely free from obstructions of any sort, and offers one of ¡the largest and safest harbors in the world. Lon- don is the largest port, but more tonnage passes Detroit than ever enters the Thames.

The waters of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and St. Clair, of Green, Saginaw, and Georgian Bays, also of thousands of streams that enter them, flow into the Detroit. It is, in fact, the natural drain or channel for the passage of waters from eighty-two thousand square miles of lake surface, and one hundred and twenty-five thousand square miles of land, thus rivalling the Ohio, which is more than forty times as long.

The current is rapid and generally uniform; the maximum velocity is 2.44 miles per hour, the mean velocity, 1.79 miles. It is estimated that two hun- dred and twelve thousand cubic feet of water pass the city each second of time.

There are but few streams in the world that rival the Detroit in purity and in amount of water dis- charged. The incline amounts to one and one- half inches per mile, or three feet for its entire length. The elevation above sea-level, at a point opposite the Marine Hospital, is five hundred and seventy-seven feet. The river is not generally frozen over until the latter part of December or January ; but in extreme cold weather the ice is from twelve to twenty inches thick.

Previous to 1854, persons and teams frequently crossed over on the ice ; and on February 10, 1855, the river was so completely frozen that a little shanty was erected in the middle, in which liquors were sold.

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History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I, Part 9

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902 Publication date: 1890 Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York Number of Pages: 1094

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York
Number of Pages: 1094