History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I, Part 3

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York
Number of Pages: 1094

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PREFACE.

Of published works more immediately connected with Detroit, use has been made of the Historical and Scientific Discourses of Messrs. Cass, Schoolcraft, and Whiting ; Mrs. Sheldon's and Lanman's Histories of Michigan ; Blois's Gazetteer; Campbell's Outlines of the Political History of Michigan; Lanman's Red Book ; Schoolcraft's Memoirs, Clark's History of the Wyandotts; the four volumes of Collections of the Michigan Pioneer Society, Roberts' Sketches of Detroit, and M. Rameau's Notes Historiques sur la Colonie Canadienne de Detroit. A great number of miscellaneous works in the State, Public, Mechanics', Young Men's, Cass, and University of Michigan Libraries have been consulted ; and among those which have afforded a few items, the following volumes should be noted: Atwater's History of Ohio, Albach's Western Annals, Armstrong's Notices of War of 1812, Adventures of Daniel Boone, Barber's Historical Collections of Ohio, Burnet's Notes on the Northwest Territory, Bancroft's History of the United States (ten volumes), Bell's History of Canada, Butler's History of Kentucky, Brown's View of the Campaign of the Western Army, Bangs's History of the M. E. Church (four volumes), Butterfield's Crawford's Campaign against Sandusky and Washington-Irvine Letters, Caniff's Settlement of Upper Canada, Craig's Olden Time, Campbell's Life of William Hull, Coffin's 1812-the War and its Moral, Carver's Travels, Cist's Miscellany, Colden's Five Nations, Collins's History of Kentucky (two volumes), Clark's Proofs of the Corruption of General James Wilkinson (two volumes), Collections of Massachusetts Historical Society (forty-one volumes), Dillon's History of Indiana, Dubuisson's Report of the Siege of Detroit, Dawson's Life of Harrison, Darby's Tour from New York to Detroit, Drake's Life of Tecumseh, De Peyster's Miscellanies, Mrs. Ellet's Pioneer Women of the West, Forbes's Trial of General Hull, French's Historical Collections of Louisiana (five volumes), Gayarre's History of Louisiana, Garneau's History of Canada (two volumes), Hildreth's Pioneer History, Hull's Memoirs, Hennepin's Travels, Heckewelder's Narrative, Jefferson's Correspondence (seven volumes), James's Military Occurrences, Ketchum's Buffalo and the Senecas (two volumes), Lossing's Fieldbook of War of 1812, Laverdières Champlain (six volumes), La Hontan's Travels, Loskiel's History of the Missions of the United Brethren, McAfee's History of the Late War, Mackenzie's Life of Commodore Perry, McDonald's Western Sketches, Manti's History of the Late War in North America, McKenny's Tour of the Lakes, McClung's Western Sketches, Memoirs of Chevalier de Beauchene, Mémoire de Bougainville, Mémoire sur la Canada, Marshall's Kentucky, Monnette's History of the Valley of the Mississippi (three volumes), Margry's Relationes Inédites, and also his five volumes on Early French Discoveries, Official Correspondence of the War of 1812, Ontwa, the Son of the Forest, Pouchot's Memoirs (two volumes), Parkman's La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, Old Régime in Canada, and Conspiracy of Pontiac, Pickett's History of Alabama, Rogers's Diary of the Siege of Detroit, Rogers's Journal, Stoddard's Louisiana, Shea's Translation of Charlevoix's New France (six volumes), Smith's History of Canada, Smith's History of Wisconsin, Schoolcraft's Aboriginal Tribes of North America (six volumes), Stone's Life of J. Brant, and Life and Times of Sir William Johnson, Sparks's Letters to Washington (four volumes), Theller's Canada in 1837, Todd and Drake's Life of Harrison, Tasse's Les Canadiennes de l'Ouest, Williams's American Pioneer, Weld's Travels in North America, Wilkinson's Memoirs, and Young and Smith's Life of Governor Cass.

The above list of books very nearly represents the bibliography of Detroit. A notable sentence which appears in many of the works was originally uttered by General Cass in an address before the State Historical Society. He said, " No place in the United States presents such a series of events interesting in themselves and permanently affecting, as they occurred, its progress and prosperity. Five times its flag has changed, three different sovereignties have claimed its allegiance, and since it has been held by the United States, the government has been thrice transferred ; twice it has been besieged by the Indians, once captured in war, and once burned to the ground." Apparently every one who has written on Detroit was impressed with the elegance with which Governor Cass epitomized the history of this region. In the course of my researches I have found the extract given in whole or in part by several score of writers, and almost with- out an exception, no credit was given to the author of the paragraph, which is panoramic in the complete- ness with which it presents our history.

For personal letters containing items of interest on many subjects, I have been indebted to Francis

PREFACE.

Parkman, the noted historian of the old French regime, to R. H. Collins, author of the History of Ken- tucky ; to C. C. Baldwin, Chas. Whittlesey, and H. N. Johnson, of Cleveland, of the Western Reserve and North Ohio, Historical Society ; to Prof. C. E. Anthon of New York ; to * John B. Dillon, of Indianapolis , author of History of Indiana; to * Rev. Martin Kundig, of Milwaukee; to *Dr. Leonard Bacon; to * O. H. Marshall, of the Buffalo Historical Society, author of several monographs on historical subjects ; to the Hon. Thomas Reynolds, of Ottawa ; to Benjamin Sulte, also of Ottawa, author of the most recent History of the French Canadians; to S. F. Havens, Secretary of the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, Mass .; to L. C. Draper, LL. D., Secretary of the State Historical Society of Madison, Wis., and his co-laborer D. S. Durrie, librarian of the same society; and to John Austin Stevens, former editor of the Magazine of American History. I am also specially indebted to Douglass Brymner, Archivist of the Dominion at Ottawa, and his polite assistants, Messrs. Alexander Duff and C. Rose ; to Dr. John G. Shea, the well-known Catholic author ; to Benson J. Lossing, Chas. Gayarre, of New Orleans, author of various historical works on Louisiana; to Hon. Frederick De Peyster and General J. Watts De Peyster, lineal descendants of Major Arent S. De Peyster, and to Charles Lanman, of Georgetown, author of the Red Book. The librarian of Congress, A. R. Spofford, with great patience and cordiality, has answered scores of letters, and aided me in securing much information not otherwise obtainable. F. Saunders, librarian of the Astor Library, performed similar services; Julius Dexter, secretary of the Ohio Historical and Philosophical Society at Cincinnati, and Robert Clarke, publisher, of the same city, called attention to facts that resulted in obtaining matter of great interest and value. Various suggestions and items, some of them highly important, were obtained by correspondence with M. B. Wood, of Albion, *Rev. Dr. Alfred Brunson, of Prairie du Chien, E. M. McGraw, of Plymouth, Wis., James C. Fargo, of New York, William Sutton, of Battle Creek, Judge John E. Parke, of Pittsburg, Rev. George Taylor, of Michigan, John Smith, Jr., of Romeo, L. M. Miller, of Lansing, and B. O. Williams, of Owosso. John T. Blois, author of the Gazetteer of 1839, and Mrs. E. M. Sheldon Stewart, whose " Early Days of Michigan " is widely esteemed, have personally furnished items of value. I am indebted for many courte- sies to Henry Gillman, librarian of the Public Library ; both he and his predecessor, Prof. H. Chaney, afforded every possible facility and privilege. I have also been the recipient of many favors from City Clerks C. H. Borgman, Louis Dillman, and Alexander A. Saenger.

For translations of a number of old French letters, documents, and manuscripts I am specially indebted to L. L. Barbour. I also secured much valuable aid from Messrs. Bela Hubbard, J. C. Holmes, James A. Girardin, * Levi Bishop, T. P. Hall, R. R. Elliott, and J. C. W. Seymour. To name all who have aided me would be impossible, but I must, in justice to myself, mention the helpful courtesy of Messrs. William Barclay, Herbert Bowen, Dr. William Brodie, J. J. Bardwell, Walter Crane, M. P. Christian, Gregory J. Campau, D. J. Campau, Jr., *W. K. Coyl, S. B. Coyl, *Z. Chandler, Dr. L. Connor, Alexander Chapoton, Adam Couse, E. V. Cicotte, H. A. Chaney, Levi E. Dolsen, P. E. De Mill, D. B. Duffield, S. T. Douglass, Henry Doty, S. D. Elwood, J. R. Elliott, J. S. Farrand, C. J. O'Flynn, M. W. Field, * Rev. George Field, L. L. Farnsworth, Mark Flanigan, M. H. Gascoigne, Chauncy Hurlbut, E. C. Hinsdale, Mrs. W. Y. Hamlin, * Richard Hawley, Rev. M. Hickey, Max Hochgraef, I). Farrand Henry, C. B. Howell, William Harsha, Walter S. Harsha, G. A. Hough, John H. Harmon, James F. Joy, J. Huff Jones, * R. F. Johnstone, John Kendall (of the Fire Department), L. P. Knight, Henry W. Lord, W. N. Ladue, A. C. McGraw, Frederick Morley, J. F. Munroe, L. R. Meserve, Mrs. Andrew Myler, George H. Minchener, James McKay, John Owen, Thomas W. Palmer, Philo Parsons, George W. Pattison, Francis Raymond, A. B. Raymond, C. N. Riopelle, Robert E. Roberts, A. Sheley, F. H. Seymour, Henry Starkey, Dr. Morse Stewart, J. M. B. Sill, Elisha Taylor, J. E. Tryon, Henry M. Utley, *Caleb Van Husan, *William D. Wilkins, W. B. Wesson, Dudley B. Woodbridge, Jefferson Wiley, *J. L. Whiting, *A. S. Williams, H. N. Walker, J. C. Warner, and Dr. C. C. Yemans.

The work of procuring originals from which to make illustrations of past scenes, the selecting and

* All these have passed away while the work was in progress.

xii

PREFACE.

obtaining subjects for engravings to represent the present period, and the gathering of data for some of the specially important pictures, proved both difficult and expensive. In certain representations I was fortunate in securing the aid of C. W. Sumner, who successfully carried out my desires.

Where any picture has been produced without an original from which to copy, the utmost care has been taken to have the illustration conform to the facts, and the few drawings for such pictures, before being engraved, were submitted for criticism to competent persons. In the various parts of one picture there are facts obtained from a daguerreotype, from an old photograph of a still older lithograph, from an original architect's plan, from a pencil-sketch by a former carpenter who has for many years been an esteemed minister; several old deeds were also consulted, and all the facts obtained, as well as the results of a dozen interviews with competent critics, are embodied in the engraving. In producing the engravings the aim has been historic accuracy rather than artistic effect, and what may be lacking in the finish of some pictures is intended to be more than made up in the fullness and range of illustrations contained in the volume.

In making the engravings of buildings and scenes of the present day, the photographs, in nearly every case, were taken specially for this work ; and in collecting all of the materials, where information was to be obtained, no question of time, or toil, or cost has been considered. Every person, place, book, or depository promising information upon any subject relating to the city has been laid under contribution. Every clue has been followed, every suggested receptacle searched, and every individual interviewed that there was reason to suppose could aid in the work.

In collecting and compiling, the following plan was pursued. I first searched everywhere for everything of interest on every subject, and carefully copied what was found. All the facts were next classified by subjects, and then arranged in chronological order. Each subject was afterwards taken up separately, and written out as fully as the facts obtained would allow. Points or details found to be lacking were noted, the necessary details looked up, and the several subjects were then again rewritten. Finally, during the ten years the work has been in preparation, careful attention has been paid to all events pertaining to the history of the city ; these have been noted and added as they occurred, and up to the time of going to press the several subjects are believed to be complete. Both in the text and in the illustrations certain information is given, which, if not of great present value, will become of service as the years progress.

In putting into shape the materials I have gathered I have sought to be candid and accurate, and hope that no evidences of narrowness or bigotry can be shown. The variety of subjects made any methodical and proper classification very difficult. The arrangement finally adopted was carefully thought over, and is believed to be as convenient and appropriate as possible. A small amount of space has been devoted to business interests. Without stores and manufactories no city could exist, and the establishments represented find legitimate place in a history intended to be complete. In view of the magnitude of the work and the minuteness of the information it contains, it will be strange indeed if no errors are discovered ; every effort has, however, been made to insure accuracy, and the author will greatly appreciate the courtesy of any person giving information that will in any way add to the value or completeness of future editions.

The full and careful index was compiled, partly as a labor of love, because of his interest in the work, by Prof. Henry Chaney, formerly Librarian of the Public Library. The mention of this fact is a guarantee that it has been prepared with scholarly care.

In the final completion of the volume I have been materially aided by the courteous and competent foreman of the Free Press Book Room, Mr. Louis Beckbissinger; he has made numerous practical and valuable suggestions, and has faithfully supervised the work.

With these statements I confidently submit the volume to all who have an appreciation of local history ; and if the public experience in reading, a tithe of the pleasure that I have found in gathering and gleaning, I am sure of grateful remembrance.

DETROIT, August, 1884.

S. F.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART I .-- LOCALITY.

CHAPTER I.

Detroit : Its Names, Location, and Surroundings. - An Old City. - Remarkable Facts. - Unique Records. - Indian Designations. - Their Meaning. - A Prophetic Name. - Later Names. - The Word Detroit. - Corporate Titles. - Location of City. - Boundaries. - Latitude and Longitude. - Relation to Other Cities. - Conformation of Ground. - Mrs. Jameson's Description. - Present Ap- pearance. - Adjacent Townships and Villages, - Hamtramck, Springwells, Grosse Pointe, Green- field. 3-5

CHAPTER II.

The River, Islands, Wharves and Docks, Streams and Mills. - The River. - Original Scenery. - A Natural and National Boundary. - Length, Width, Depth, Character of Bottom. - Harbor. - Volume of Water. - Current. - Elevation above Sea. - Condition in Winter. - Ice Supply. - Ab- sence of Danger .- Highest and Lowest Levels .- Causes of Rise and Fall .- Temperature .- Boating Facilities. - Excursions. - Names of Islands .- Origin of Names. - Curious Statements .- Wharves and Docks. - The River Line .- Improvement of River Front .- Early Docks .- Length of Docks .- Three Old Streams. - Courses and Names of Streams. - Accident on the Savoyard. - Bridges .- Fishing at Congress Street .- Transformations .- Old Mills .- Their Location. 6-10

CHAPTER III.

Soil and Products, Game, Grain, and Fruits. - Good Soil. - Different Strata. - Cadillac's Descrip- tion .- Vast Prairies .- Rows of Trees. - Fruits .- Wild Animals. - Game Birds .- Large Buffaloes .- Native Woods. - Swans and Ducks. - An Indian's Illustration. - Serene Skies. - A Desirable Place .- Weaving Buffalo Wool. - Numerous Wolves. - Wolf Scalps. - Pigeon Roosts. - Bear Vis- itors. - Migratory Game. - Song Birds. - Flowers. - Berries. - Wild Honey. -- Maple Sugar. - Enormous Production, - Indian Mococks. - De Peyster's "Sugar Makers." - Early Harvests. - Indian Farmers. -- Scarcity of Provisions. - Help from Montreal. - Bougainville's Description. - Importance of Detroit. - A Thousand Bushels of Wheat Burned. - A Famine Imminent. - Two Dead Bodies on the Beach. - Continued Scarcity .- Clouds of Ducks .- Sportsmen Drowned. - Sup- plies from the King's Stores .- Acreage under Cultivation .- Apples and Cider. - Pears and Poems .- Tiffin's False Report. - Enormous Vegetables. - First Wagon-load of Flour. - Exporting Flour .-- Tobacco to Baltimore. - Remarkable Fruits. - First Agricultural Society. - Fish and Fisheries. - Schoolcraft's Eulogy. - The State Fish Hatchery. II-16

CHAPTER IV.

Cadillac's Grant .- French Farms or Private Claims .- Lands Covered by City .- Seigneurial Rights .- Cadillac's Traditional Grant. - Its Limit. - His Claims. - Grounds of Claim. - His Concessions. -- Conditions of his Grants. - Singular Requirements. - Grants within Stockade. - Aigremont's Report. - Cadillac's Departure. - His Property. - Cadillac's Claims Conceded. - Intrigues of Governor and Intendant. - The King's Decree. - His Purpose Defeated. - Memorial of La Mothe, Jr. - The Maichen's Deed. - A Vague Conveyance. - Misstatements. - The Facts Analyzed. - Illegalities of Commandants. - The Beauharnois Grants. - Their Order. - Explanation of Old Claims. - Grants by English Commandants. - Indian Deeds. - The French Farms. - Settlement of French Claims .- Doings and Reports of Commissioners .- Surveyors' Blunders .- Careless Clerks .-- Names of Commissioners. 17 -- 23

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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER V.

The Public Domain. - The Park Lots and the Ten-Thousand-Acre Tract. - The Governor and Judges' Plan. - Land Boards. - The Common Field. - Co-operative Labor. - The Commons. - United States Property. - The Wilkins Letter. - Claim of Inhabitants. - Memorial to Congress. - Statements of Hull and Woodward. - Indignant Inhabitants. - Action of Governor and Judges. - Lots versus Pastures. - Renewed Complaints. - The Park Lots. - Location. - When Surveyed. - Ten-Thousand-Acre Tract. - Date of Survey. - Governor and Judges' Plan. - Size of Ancient Lots. -- Meeting under Pear Trees. - Woodward's Persuasions. - Gentle's Humorous Description. - Woodward's Performances. - Discontent of People. - The Governor and Judges' Regulations. - Prices of Lots. - Hull and Woodward Visit Washington. - The Act of 1806. - Convivial Legis- lators. - Mysterious Transactions. - Suspicion of Inhabitants. - Unnecessary Delays. - Bad Man- agement. - Protests of People. - Plan of Division. - Classification of Inhabitants. - More Manœuvring. - Liberal Constructions. - Donation Lots. -- Room for Criticism. - Changes in Plans. - Changes in Numbers of Lots. - Woodward's Letter to Madison. - The Book of Sections. - The Woodward Plan. -- Its Advantages. - Washington the Model. -- The Plan Inoperative. - Why Changed. - The Official Map. - Unlawful Powers. - Peculiar Management. - No Financial Report. - Remarkable Confidence. - A Unique History. - The Detroit Fund. - Secretaries of Land Board. - Termination of Trust - The Transfer of 1842. - Report of Hubbard and O'Flynn. - Old and New Lot Numbers. - Land Board Sessions of Common Council. 24-31

CHAPTER VI.

Maps of Detroit. - City Boundary at Different Periods. - Cass and Brush Farms. - Military Reserves. - Plans of 1749 and 1754. - The T. Smith Plan. - The J. O. Lewis Map. - Mullett's Map. - Farmer's Map. - Later City Maps. - Area of Town in 1802. - Extent of Governor and Judges' Plan. - Changes in City Boundaries. - The Cass and Brush Farms. - Dates of Original Grants. - Improvements. - Desirable Locations. -- Military Reserves. - A Powder Magazine in Exchange. -- Laying out the Reserve. -- Changes in Plan of 1807. 32-36

CHAPTER VII.

Public Surveys. - United States Land Office. - The King's Surveyors. - First American Surveys .- Location of Office. - Names of Surveyor-Generals. - United States Land Office. - First Sales of Lands .- Prices .- Receipts from Public Lands .- Early Emigration. - Amazing Numbers .- Extensive Sales. -- Extravagant Speculation. - Paper City Period. - Incidental Details. - Cruel Joke. - The Bubble Bursts. - Bounds of Land District. - Prices of Lands. - Original Patents. - Fees of Officers. - Names of Registers and Receivers. 37-38

CHAPTER VIII.

Deeds, Mortgages, and Titles. - Past and Present Prices of Lands. - Notarial Records. - Recording of Deeds and Mortgages. - Present System. - Abstracts of Title. - Derivation of Titles. - Evi- dences of Title. - Clouded Titles. - Record of Subdivisions. - Names of County Registers. - City Registers. - Incredible Prices. - Normal Values. - First Sale of Park Lots. - Prices Paid. - Cost of Various Tracts at Different Periods. 39-41

PART II .- HYGIENIC.

CHAPTER IX.

The Climate of Detroit. - Favorable Climate. - Bougainville's Statement. - Weather Diaries. - In- fluence of River and Lakes. - Mean Temperature. - Characteristics of Winters. - Clear Atmos- phere. - Unrivalled Firmament. - Delightful Autumns. - Equable Rains. - Weather Indications. - Course of Winds. - Exceptional Seasons .- Raining Ink. - Earthquake Shocks. - Ice Every Month .- Flowers in Winter. - Extensive Fires. - Dense Fogs. - Boats Running Every Month. - Continuous Sleighing. - Ryan's Prophecies. - July Frosts. - April Snows. - Wind Storms, etc. 45-47

CHAPTER X.

Diseases .- Doctors .- Medical Societies. - Small Death Rate. - Reasons for. - The Usual Diseases .- Record of Deaths. - Fever and Ague. - Dr. Sappington's Pills. - Epidemic in Army. - Hun- dreds Die. - The Cholera in 1832 .- Instructions and Proclamations. - Vessels Ordered Away. -

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Cholera on the Henry Clay. - Sufferings of Troops. - Excitement at Detroit. - Mails Stopped at Ypsilanti. - Travelers Driven from Rochester. - Bridges Torn up. -- Highways Blockaded. - Strange Inconsistency. - The Cholera in 1834. - Extensive Mortality. - Burning Pitch. - Burial Rites Shortened. -- The Nurse Corps. - Father Kundig's Work. -- Mortality of 1849. - Council Regulations. - The Scourge in 1854. - Medicine Men. - Early French Surgeons. - Long Titles. - English Physicians. - Names of Former Physicians. - Medical Societies. - Dates of Organization .- Names of Officers. 48-51

CHAPTER XI.

Cemeteries. - Burials and Sextons. - County Coroners. - An Expressive Phrase. - Indian Burial Places. - Dalyell's Grave. - An Iconoclastic Age. - Burial Grounds of Fort Shelby. - Removal of Remains .- An Old Tombstone. - First Catholic Cemetery. - Transfer of Remains. - An Old Memorial. - Mt. Elliott Cemetery. -- When Opened. - Number of Interments. - Number of Lots. - Cost of Grounds. - Management. - Trustees. - Hamtramck's Grave. - Protestant Burying Ground. - Location .- How Disposed of. - First City Cemetery. - Its Division. - A Religious Convenience .- Cemetery Lane. - Second City Cemetery. - Location. - Management. - Later Uses. - Elmwood Cemetery. - History of Purchase. - Cost of Grounds. - The Chapel. - The Gateway. - Trustees. - Superintendents. - Woodmere Cemetery. - Location. - Significance of Name. - When Opened. - Names of Officers. - Regulations. - Jewish Cemeteries. - Location. - When Opened - Lutheran Cemetery. - How Controlled. - Officers. - Burials and Sextons. - Curi- ous Customs. - City Sextons. - Duties. - Names of Sextons. - County Coroners. - Duties. - Names of Coroners. 52-58

CHAPTER XII.

Health Officers. - Drains and Sewers. - Scavengers. - First Board of Health. - Subsequent Boards. - Powers of. - Present Organization. - How Constituted .- Names of Members. - Regu- lations. - The Health Officer. - Sewers. -- Experiments. -- Private Ditches. - The Savoyard. -- A Grand Sewer. -- Lack of System. - Stupid Contractors. - Board of Sewer Commissioners. -- Large Expenditures. - Regulations. -- Size of Sewers. -- Length and Cost of Sewers. - Names of Sewer Commissioners. - Scavengers and Duties. 59-61

CHAPTER XIII.

Water and Water Works .- Public Drinking Fountains. - Water Pure and Plentiful. -- Walking the Plank. -- Primitive Methods. -- First Regulations. - Public Wells. -- Water Peddlers. -- Water Works Proposed. - Berthelet's Pump. - Water Works Established. -- Poor Arrangements. - Boring for Water. - Pumping by Steam. - Cass's Speech. - Works Purchased by City. - Seeking Information. -- Springs in Northville and Southfield. - Proposed Utilization of .- Progress of Water Works. -- Various Reservoirs. -- The Hamtramck Works. -- Plan and Description of. -- Analysis of Water. - Increased Size of Pipes. - Statistics by Decades. - Locations of Water Office. - Water Rates. - A Stern Advertisement. - Names of Assessors, - Collectors, - Engineers, - Commis- sioners. - Drinking Fountains. 62-72

CHAPTER XIV.

The Parks and the Boulevard .- Pastures and Pounds. - Judge Woodward's Foresight. - The Grand Circus .- Former Marshes. - Improvements. - Removal of Fences. - Parks and Donors. - Location and Names. - Campus Martius. - Origin of Name. - A Place of Rendezvous. - Former . Condition. - Present Appearance. - Superintendents of Parks. - The Park Question of 1870 and 1874. - Exciting Meetings. - Plans and Counter Plans. - Mayor Moffat in the Way. - Persistence and Resistance. - The Struggle Ended. - Belle Isle Park. - Wise Planning. - Favorable Oppor- tunity. - Belle Isle Purchased. - Park Commissioners. - Improving the Park. - History of the Island. - Its Names. - The Boulevard. - Plans for. - Names of Commissioners. - Former Pas- tures. - Establishment of Pounds. -- Regulations. - Names of Pound-Keepers. - Numerous Dogs. - Only Eight Left. - The Dog Pound. 73-80

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History of Detroit and Wayne County and early Michigan: A Chronological Cyclopedia of the Past and Present, Vol. I, Part 3

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902 Publication date: 1890 Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York Number of Pages: 1094

Author: Farmer, Silas, 1839-1902
Publication date: 1890
Publisher: Detroit, Pub. by S. Farmer & co., for Munsell & co., New York
Number of Pages: 1094