USA > Michigan > Kalamazoo County > Kalamazoo County, Michigan, rural directory, 1919 > Part 26
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Causes .- Primarily deranged digestion, lack of exercise ; dampness and exposure to draughts of cold air also a cause. The tendency to rheumatism is heredi- tary in certain families of hogs.
Treatment .- Endeavor to prevent by proper exercise, food and attention to surroundings. Do not breed rheumatic . specimens even if fully recovered from lameness. In acute cases an adult hog should have twice or three times daily one drachm salicylate soda.
ASTAMA sometimes occurs in adult hogs.
Symptoms .- Shortness of breath on lease exercise, noisy breathing, more or less intermittent. Do not breed; butcher early
CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS sometimes occurs, the result of driving or chasing. May be rapidly fatal.
Symptoms. - Sudden shortness of breath and sudden great weakness. The. hog is not adapted to rapid driving; if it must be driven at all, give plenty of time.
PNEUMONIA (LUNG FEVER) may fol- low congestion of the lungs; may be in- duced by crowding too many hogs to- gether, when they heat and become moist, after which they are in poor con- dition to withstand cold.
Symptoms .- Loss of appetite, chills, short cough, quick breathing.
Treatment .- Separate sick at once from the drove; give dry quarters with abundance of dry bedding; tempt appe- tite with small quantities of varied food. Apply to sides of chest, enough to moisten the skin, twice daily, alcohol and turpentine equal parts; continue until skin becomes somewhat tender.
TETANUS (LOCK-JAW) .- Caused by in- troduction into the system of the tetanus bacteria, which gains entrance through a wound.
Symptoms .- A stiffness of more or less the entire muscular system, gener- ally most marked in the jaws, which are greatly stiffened. Eating very slow, or entirely stopped; appetite not lost.
Treatment .- Some cases recover if
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
carefully nursed. Give nourishing drinks, elevate trough or bucket so the patient can get its snout into the drink; give dissolved in hot water and mixed with the slop forty grains bromide of potash two or three times daily until im- provement is noticed. Do not attempt to drench. Any wound which seems to be a cause should be cleansed and wet often with five per cent. solution of car- bolic acid and water.
LICE .- Very commonly found upon hogs. They are introduced by new pur- chases or by visiting animals.
Caution .- Examine the newly pur- chased hog well on this point before placing with the drove. Hog lice are quite large and easily detected on clean white animals, but not readily on dark or dirty skins.
Remedy .- Wash well with soap and water, if weather is not too cold, then warm water, if weather is not too cold, then apply enough petroleum and lard, equal parts, to give the skin a complete greasing. If weather is too cold for wash- ing, clean with stiff brush. Creolin one part to water five parts is also a safe and sure remedy. Two or more applications are necessary at intervals of four or five days to complete the job. The wood- work of pens and rubbing places must be completely whitewashed.
MANGE .- Caused by a microscopic parasite which lives in the skin at the roots of the bristles.
Symptoms .- Intense itching with red- ness of the skin from the irritation of rubbing. Rather rare, but very con- tagious.
Treatment. - Separate diseased ani- mals ; scrub them thoroughly with warm water and strong soap; apply ointment composed of lard, one pound; carbonate of potash, one ounce; flor. sulphur, two ounces; wash and re-apply every four days.
MAGGOTS .- The larvæ of the ordinary blow-fly frequently infests wounds on hogs during the summer months. Watch all wounds during hot weather; keep them wet frequently with creolin one part and water six parts, or five per cent. watery solution carbolic acid. If the maggots gain entrance to the wound, ap- ply either above remedies freely, or ordi- nary turpentine with a brush or common oil can.
ROUND WORMS. - Very common in shotes and young hogs, not apparently harmful, unless in great numbers, when they cause loss of flesh. They may be
exterminated by keeping the hog without food for twenty-four hours, and giving to each shote or old pig one tablespoon- ful of turpentine thoroughly beaten up with one egg and one-half pint of milk.
TUBERCULOSIS (CONSUMPTION). - A contagious disease common in man, cat- tle and not rare in the hog.
Symptoms .- Loss of flesh, cough, diar- rhœa, swelling about the head and neck, which may open and discharge with little tendency to heal; death in from few weeks to months. Post mortem shows various sized tubercles, which may be situated in any part of the body, most commonly in the bowels, lungs, liver, or glands of the neck.
Causes .- Direct contagion from other hogs, but generally from feeding milk from tuberculous cows, or by eating butcher offal from such cows.
Prevention .- Care as to the source of the milk fed; if suspicious, boiling will render it safe. Do not feed butcher offal; separate suspicious hogs at once, and if satisfied they are tuberculous, kill and bury deep, or burn them. The tuber- culin test can be applied to the remainder of drove, as without it it is impossible to say how many may be diseased.
WOUNDS generally heal readily in the hog if kept clean and free from maggots. The result of neglected castration wounds is sometimes serious. Have the animal clean as possible when castrated, and endeavor to keep it clean and give opportunity for abundant exercise until wound is healed. There is probably nothing better and safer to apply to wounds of the hog than creolin one part, water six parts.
TRAVEL SICKNESS .- Similar to ordinary sea-sickness in man; very common in shipping pigs by wagon.
Symptoms .- Vomiting, diarrhea, great depression ; seldom if ever fatal. May be rendered mus: less severe by very light feeding before shipment.
To Find the Amount of Wall Paper Required to Paper a Room
Measure the distance around the room deduct the width of each window and door, take two-thirds of result. Divide this result by the number of strips that can be cut from each roll and you have the number of rolls required. A roll is generally a foot and a half wide. 24 feet long and contains 36 square feet, 4 square yards.
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RURAL DIRECTORY
GEORGE H. STUART
Phone 141
A. D. STUART Phone 126
Office Phone, No. 43 Stuart Grain Co.
GRAIN, COAL, FLOUR, SEEDS, WOOL
SCHOOLCRAFT
-
-
MICHIGAN
P. KROMDYK & SON
Carriages, Harness, Wagons Engines and Light Plants, Cream Separators Latest Improved Farm Implements 610 PORTAGE STREET Bell Phone 185-3R KALAMAZOO, MICH.
BERT HAYES FIRE INSURANCE ATTORNEY-AT-LAW NOTARY PUBLIC
GALESBURG -
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MICHIGAN
ELMER M. CLAPP
We Manufacture
CLAPP'S HAMAMELIS OINTMENT KAMP-KO MENTH CLAPP'S TOOTH CORDIAL COCOAMINT CREAM CLAPP'S ROSE and CALENDULA JELLY
Drugs and General Merchandise OSHTEMO, MICH.
We Do Watch Repairing
Phone 29 25-F 5
213
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
Grafting and Budding
The Art of Grafting
When in the spring the sap begins to move in the stock, be ready; this occurs early in the plum and cherry, and later in the pear and apple. Do the grafting, if possible, on a mild day during showery weather. The necessary tools are a chisel, or a thick-bladed knife or a grafting iron (with which to split open the stock after it is sawed off smoothly with a fine-tooth saw), a hammer or mallet to aid the splitting process, a very sharp knife to trim the scions, and a supply of good grafting wax. Saw off a branch at the desired point, split the stock a little way down, and insert a scion at each outer edge-taking care that the inner bark of the scion fits
-snugly and exactly against the inner bark of the stock. This-together with the exclusion of air and moisture until a union results-constitutes the secret of success. .
Trim the scions to a long edge, as- shown in the picture; insert them ac- curately ; the wedge should be a trifle thicker on the side which comes in con- tact with the stock's bark. Lastly, apply grafting wax with a brush. Each scion should be long enough to have two or three buds, with the lower one placed as shown. The "spring" of the cleft holds the scion securely in place, and therefore tying should be unnecessary. If both scions in a cleft grow, one may later be cut away.
When grafting large trees it is best not to cut away too much of the tree at once; therefore, a few secondary branches should be left untouched, and
these, after the scions are thriftily grow- ing, can gradually be cut away the fol- lowing years. Or, part of a tree can be thus top-grafted one year and the re- mainder the next. Many a worthless tree has thus been entirely changed.
You can't graft a pear or an apple on a cherry or plum tree, or vice versa. The stone fruits and the pomaceous fruits are separate families and refuse to intermarry.
Judge Biggle likes to make his graft- ing wax this way: One pound of resin, one-half pound of beeswax, and one- quarter pound of tallow, melted together. Keep in an iron pot; heat for use when wanted. He says: "It is best to use scions which were cut very early this spring or last fall; they can be kept in moist sawdust or sand."
Common putty may be used for graft- ing wax, and is much cheaper; put it on good and thick and fill all cavities smoothly. Then take cloth, tear it in strips, wind it around the putty and tie it with string. Many fruit men say they have better luck with putty than with wax.
Bridge Grafting
Rabbits have seriously injured fruit trees in many orchards by girdling. When the girdle is only three or four inches wide the tree may be saved by bridge grafting. Trees with large patches of bark removed entirely around the trunk .. cannot be successfully treated, though those not too badly injured may be saved by special treatment.
Bridge grafting should be done in early spring, scions from healthy trees being selected from twigs produced last season. The torn edges of the wound should be cut off smoothly, and all badly loosened bark removed. The scion should be cut half or three-quarters of an inch longer than the wound, and the ends of the scions pointed.
The scion may then be inserted under the edge of the bark, care being taken to have the cut on the scion made rather slanting, to give considerable space for it to unite with the bark of the tree.
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RURAL DIRECTORY
Several of these scions should be put in around the tree at intervals of not more than one and one-half inches. (See illustration). On small trees, three or four scions will be sufficient.
It is a good practice to paint over the wound areas with white lead, and they may further be protected by binding with cloth. Care should be taken, however, to see that the twine that holds the cloth is not so tight as to girdle the newly-set scions. After the scions have . become firmly established, the cloth may be removed.
The scions will continue to increase in size, and as they approach each other the union of one scion to the other may be accomplished by shaving the sides of the scions. In time the entire girdle area may be entirely healed over in this way.
SCION
WOUND
GRAFT
In some cases, bridge grafting will not be necessary. If the inner bark has not been removed by the rabbits, the tree may be saved by immediately protecting the girdled area before it has had time to dry out, by wrapping with cloth which has been treated with grafting wax. The inner bark will then form an outer bark, without serious injury. Where it can be used, this method is better than bridge grafting .. Trees on which the bark has been removed along the sides and not entirely around the trunk, will be benefited by painting the wound. Be- fore this is done, however, the rough edges of the bark should be removed so as to facilitate healing.
REMARKS: After all is said, the fact remains that it is much safer and better to prevent injury than to cure it. As we have often stated, mice and rab bits can be kept off by wrapping the tree trunks with strips of wood veneer, laths, building paper or wire screening. Of course, however, such wrappings do no good after the injury is done.
Budding
The art of budding consists in taking a bud from one tree and inserting it under the bark of some other tree. The union of the two, the bud and the stock, takes place at the edges of the bark of the inserted bud. For this reason, the bud should be inserted as soon as cut from its twig and before it has had time to dry out. The bud should also be full, plump and well matured, and cut from wood of the current season's growth. The stock should be in active growth so that the bark will slip easily.
In cutting the bud a sharp knife is required, as a clean, smooth cut is de- sirable. The knife is inserted a half inch below and brought out the same
distance above, shaving out a small wedge of wood under the bud along with the bark. This wedge is no hindrance to the union and should not be removed. The leaf is always clipped off.
To insert bud, make a T-shaped in- cision just through the bark of stock, as shown in the illustration. Raise the bark carefully without breaking it and insert the bud. Practice will give ease and dispatch to the operator. The bud must be held firmly to the stock by a bandage wound about the stock, both above and below it, being careful to leave the eye of the bud uncovered. Raffia, bast, candlewick or waxed cloth may be used for tying. In about ten days, if the bud "takes," the bandage must be removed or the stock will be strangled and its growth hindered. The work of budding is usually performed in July or August in the North, and in June in the South. When the bark peels easily, and the weather is dry and clear, is the ideal time.
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
Troublesome Pests
Hessian Fly
Frequent warnings to speed the plow in order that the food supply shall not suffer, may induce some to begin seeding the winter wheat shortly after small grain is harvested, or immediately after the corn is removed and placed in the silo. And that is just why the bug editor is inclined to say, "wait a while."
It is only by waiting that the crop can be made secure against the ravages of the Hessian fly, an insect which causes more damage to the wheat crop in the United States than any other insect pest. During seasons when the fly is especially abundant, hundreds of thousands of acres of wheat are either totally de- stroyed or so badly injured that the yield is reduced fifty to seventy-five per cent. Money losses run far up into the millions.
Disking stubble ground, or burning stubble immediately after harvesting the grain, thorough preparation of the seed- bed, late seeding and the use of good seed, are effective measures for controll- ing the pest in winter-wheat growing regions. A trap crop of wheat may be sown immediately after harvest and disked under later in the fall before seeding the main crop. In springwheat growing sections, late seeding will not apply; on the contrary, the earlier it is sown in the spring, the less it seems to suffer from this pest.
The general rule for winter-wheat seeding is that there should be a differ- ence of one day for each ten miles of difference in latitude, and seeding should be approximately one day earlier for each 100 feet of increase in elevation. There is usually, however, a period of several weeks in all the winter-wheat area where sowing may take place with about equal results. This period is longer as one proceeds to the southward.
Grasshopper
After seventeen years of study the Kansas grasshopper has been reduced to a harmless quantity. The grasshoppers that do the damage are native. That is, they develop and perpetuate themselves on one farm; they do not move about. Of course, no one should confuse these native grasshoppers with the hordes of small red ones that used to sweep down from the North in armies. The latter, raised in arid land, are forced to migrate to obtain food.
In the counties that provide the ma- terials, poison is spread on the farms. The formula used is the following, ob- tained after years of experimenting : No. 1. Two and a half pounds Paris green or white arsenic ; fifty pounds bran (mix these dry). No. 2. Six oranges or lemons, chopped up fine, rind and all ; . four quarts syrup; five gallons water (mix these three together thoroughly). Mix Nos. 1 and 2, then add sufficient water to make a wet mash.
The lemon and orange in the mixture attract the grasshoppers, who find it irresistible and deadly. A scientific count showed that from two-thirds to three- quarters had been killed.
Alfalfa should be disked and cross- harrowed early in the spring as soon as the frost leaves the ground. This throws out the eggs of the grasshoppers, to be destroyed by the weather and eaten by the birds. This method of culture, first advocated by the University of Kansas, not only lessens the number of grass- hoppers, but also has been proved to in- crease the yield of the alfalfa fully one- third. Scatter the poison, disk the fields and say "Good-bye" to the Kansas grasshopper.
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RURAL DIRECTORY
The Schoolcraft Express DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF SCHOOLCRAFT AND VICINITY
Job Printing and Stationery Departments Farmers should use our FOR SALE COLUMN when they have anything to sell. We solicit your patronage and appreciate your subscriptions, etc.
R. E. & V. M. Rouse, Publishers
R. E. ROUSE, Editor
Schoolcraft, Mich.
Established 1877
Bell 'Phone No. 3254-R
C. WILSON DEALER IN Monuments, Headstones, Marble Granite and Cemetery Supplies SLATE VAULTS VASES 1017 Seminary Street KALAMAZOO, MICH.
Gasoline Engines
General Tin Shop
JOHN N. KART
Hardware & Groceries
Heating & Plumbing
Bell Phone 4-F3-Citizens 22
AUGUSTA, MICH.
R. R. Wagner
C. J. Wagner
WAGNER BROS.
Breeders of
Reg. Percheron
Horses
FOR SALE at Reasonable Prices
Phone Line 4-2 R
CLIMAX, MICH.
]
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
FARMERS' BULLETINS Sent Free to Residents of the United States, by Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C., on Application.
NOTE .- Some nmmbers omitted are no longer published. Bulletins in this list will be sent free, so long as the supply lasts, to any resident of the United States, on application to his Senator, Representa- tive, or Delegate in Congress, or to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Because of the limited supply, applicants are urged to select only a few numbers, choosing those which are of special interest to them. Residents of foreign countries should apply to the Superintendent of Documenta, Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., who has these bulletins for sale. Price, 5 cents each to Canada, Cuba, and Mexico: 6 cents to other foreign countries.
22. The Feeding of Farm Animals.
27. Flax for Seed and Fiber.
28. Weeds: And How to Kill Them.
30. Grape Diseases on the Pacific Coast.
34. Meats: Composition and Cooking. 35. Potato Culture.
36. Cotton Seed and Its Products. 44. Commercial Fertilizers.
48. The Manuring of Cotton.
51. Standard Varieties of Chickens.
52. The Sugar Beet.
54. Some Common Birds.
55. The Dairy Herd.
61. Asparagus Culture.
62. Marketing Farm Produce.
64. Ducks and Geese.
77. The Liming of Soils.
81. Corn Culture in the Sonth.
85. Fish as Food.
86. Thirty Poisonous Plants.
88. Alkali Lands.
91. Potato Diseases and Treatment.
99. Insect Enemies of Shade Trees. 101. Millets.
104. Notes on Frost.
106. Breeds of Dairy Cattle.
113. The Apple and How to Grow It.
118. Grape Growing in the South.
121. Beans, Peas, and Other Legumes Food.
126. Suggestions for Farm Buildings.
127. Important Insecticides.
128. Eggs and Their Uses as Food.
131. Tests for Detection of Oleomargarine. 134 Tree Planting in Rural School Grounds. 137. The Angora Goat.
138. Irrigation in Field and Garden.
139. Emmer: a Grain for the Semi-arid Re- gions.
140. Pineapple Growing.
150. Clearing New Land.
152. Scabies in Cattle.
154. The Home Fruit Garden
156. The Home Vineyard.
157. The Propagation of Plants.
158. How to Build Irrigation Ditches. 164. Rape as a Forage Crop
166. Cheese Making on the Farm. 167. Cassava.
170. Principles of Horse Feeding.
172. Scale Insects and Mites on Trees.
173. Primer of Forestry.
174. Broom Corn.
175. Home Manufacture of Grape Juice.
176. Cranberry Culture.
177. Squah Raising.
178. Insects Injurious in Cranberry Culture. 179. Horseshoeing. 181. Pruning.
182. Poultry as Food.
183. Meat on the Farm.
185. Beautifying the Home Grounds.
187. Drainage of Farm Lands.
188. Weeds Used in Medicine.
192 Barnyard Manure.
194. Alfalfa Seed.
195. Annual Flowering Plants.
198. Strawberries.
200. Turkeys.
201. The Cream Separator on Western
Farms.
203. Canned Fruits, Preserves and Jellies. 204. The Cultivation of Mushrooms.
205. Pig Management.
206. Milk Fever and Its Treatment.
213. Raspberries
218. The School Garden.
220. Tomatoes.
221. Fnngous Diseases of the Cranberry.
224. Canadian Field Peas.
228. Forest Planting and Farm Manage- ment.
229. Production of Good Seed Corn.
231. Cucumher and Melon Diseases.
232. Okra: Its Culture and Uses. 234. The Guinea Fowl.
236. Incubation and Incubators.
238. Citrus Fruit Growing in the States.
Gulf
239. The Corrosion of Fence Wire. 241. Bntter Making on the Farm.
242. An Example of Model Farming.
243. Fungicides and Their Use.
245. Renovation of Worn-ont Soils.
246. Saccharine Sorghums.
as 248. The Lawn.
249. Cereal Breakfast Foods.
250. Wheat Smut and Loose Smut of Oats.
252. Maple Sugar and Syrup.
253. The Germination of Seed Corn.
254. Cucnmhers. 1
255. The Home Vegetable Garden.
256. Preparation of Vegetables for the Tahle.
257. Soil Fertility.
260. Seed of Red Clover and Its Impurities. 263. Information for Beginners in Irrigation. 264. The Brown-Tail Moth.
266. Management of Soils to Conserve Mois- ture.
269. Industrial Alcohol: Uses and Statistics. 270. Modern Conveniences for the Farm
Home.
271. Forage Crop Practices in the North- west.
272. A Successful Hog and Seed-Corn Farm. 274. Flax Culture.
Citrus 275. The Gypsy Moth.
277. Alcohol and Gasoline in Farm Engines. 278. Leguminons Crops for Green Manuring. 279. A Method of Eradicating Johnson Grass. 280. A Profitable Tenant Dairy Farm. 282. Celery.
284. Enemies of the Grape East of the Rockies. 286. Cotton .Seed and Cotton-Seed Meal. 287. Poultry Management.
288. Non-saccharine Sorghums.
289. Beans.
291. Evaporation of Apples. 292. Cost of Filling Silos.
293. Use of Fruit as Food.
295. Potatoes and Other Root Crops as Food. 298. Food Value of Corn and Corn Prod- ucts.
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RURAL DIRECTORY
299. Diversified Farming. 301. Home-Grown Tea.
302. Sea Island Cotton.
407. The Potato as a Truck Crop.
408. School Exercises in Plant Production.
409. School Lessons on Corn.
410. Potato Culls as a Source of Alcohol.
411. Feeding Hogs in the South.
413. The Care of Milk and Its Use.
414. Corn Cultivation.
415. Seed Corn.
417. Rice Culture.
420. Oats: Distribution and Use3.
421. Control of Blowing Soils.
Work
on Southern
423. Forest Nurseries for Schools.
424. Oats: Growing the Crop.
426. Canning Peaches on the Farm.
427. Barley Culture in the Southern States. 428. Testing Farm Seeds.
429. Industrial Alcohol: Manufacture.
431. The Peanut.
432. How a City Family Managed a Farm. 433. Cabbage.
434. Production of Onion Seed and Sets.
436. Winter Oats for the South.
437. A System of Tenant Farming.
438. Hog Houses.
439. Anthrax.
440. Spraying Peaches.
441. Lespedeza, or Japan Clover
442. The Treatment of Bee Diseases.
443. Barley: Growing the Crop.
444. Remedies Against Mosquitoes.
445. Marketing Eggs Through the Creamery.
446. The Choice of Crops for Alkali Land. 447. Bees.
448. Better Grain-Sorghum Crops.
449. Rabies or Hydrophobia.
358. Primer of Forestry. Part II.
359. Canning Vegetables in the Home.
361. Meadow Fescue: Its Culture and Uses.
362. Conditions Affecting the
Value of
Hay.
363. The Use of Milk as Food.
364. A Profitable Cotton Farm.
365. Northern Potato-Growing Sections.
367. Lightning and Lightning Conductors.
368. Bindweed, or Wild Morning-glory. 369. How to Destroy Rats.
370. Replanning a Farm for Profit.
464. The Eradication of Quack-Grass.
466. Winter Emmer.
467. Chestnut Bark Disease.
468. Forestry in Nature Study. 470. Game Laws.
471. Grape Propagation, Pruning, Training.
472. Farming in Central New Jersey.
474. Paint on the Farm.
475. Ice Houses.
476. Dying Pine in Southern States. 477. Sorghum Sirup Manufacture.
478. Typhoid Fever.
480. Disinfecting Stables.
481. Concrete on the Live-Stock Farm.
482. How to Grow Pears.
483. Thornless Prickly Pears.
484. Spotted Fever.
485. Sweet Clover. 487. Cheese in the Diet.
488. Diseases of Cabbage, etc.
489. Two Imported Plant Diseases.
490. Bacteria in Milk.
492. Fungous Enemies of the Apple.
493. English Sparrow Pest.
494. Lawn Soils and Lawns. 495. Alfalfa Seed Production.
399. Irrigation of Grain.
400. Profitable Corn-planting Method.
401. Protection of Orchards from Frosts. 402. Canada Bluegrass; Its Culture and Uses.
403. Construction of Concrete Fence Posts.
404, Irrigation of Orchards.
406. Soil Conservation.
303. Corn Harvesting Machinery.
304. Growing and Curing Hops.
306. Dodder in Relation to Farm Seeds.
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