USA > Michigan > Kalamazoo County > Kalamazoo County, Michigan, rural directory, 1919 > Part 4
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27
In severe cases the worms should be removed. To do this put a few drops of kerosene in a teaspoonful of sweet oil. Strip a soft wing feather of its web to within an inch of the tip, dip in the oil, insert feather in windpipe, twirl and withdraw. Very likely some of the para- sites and mucus will come with it. The rest will be loosened or killed, and event- nally thrown out. It may be necessary to repeat the operation.
To kill the worm in its lodgment, gum camphor in the drinking water or pellets of it as large as a pea forced down the throat is recommended. Turpentine in the soft feed, as advised in the treatment for worms in the intestines, is said to be affective. Pinching the windpipe with the thumb and finger will sometimes loosen the parasite.
When broods are quartered on soil known to be infested, air-slacked lime should be dusted on the floor of the Coop, and every other night, for two or three weeks, a little of the same should
be dusted in the coop over the hen and her brood. To apply, use a dusting bel- lows and only a little each time.
CHOLERA is due to a specific germ, or virus, and must not be confounded with common diarrhea. In genuine cholera ligestion is arrested, the crop remains full, there is fever and great thirst. The bird drinks, but refuses food and appears to be in distress. There is a thickening of the blood, which is made evident in the purple color of the comb. The dis- charges from the kidneys, called the urates, which in health are white, become yellowish, deep yellow, or, in the final stages, a greenish-yellow. The diarrhoea grows more severe as the disease pro- gresses. A fowl generally succumbs in two days. The virus of cholera is not diffusible in the air, but remains in the soil, which becomes infected from the discharges, and in the body and blood of the victims. It may be carried from place to place on the feet of other fowls or animals. Soil may be disinfected by saturating it with a weak solution of sul- phuric acid in water. Remove at once all well birds to new and clean quarters and wring the necks of all sick birds and burn their carcasses and disinfect their quarters.
For cases not too far. gone to cure give sugar of lead, pulverized opium, gum camphor, of each, 60 grains, pow- dered capsicum (or fluid extract of cap- sicum is better, 10 drops), grains, 10. Dissolve the camphor in just enough al- cohol that will do so without making it a fluid, then rub up the other ingredients in the same bolus, mix with soft corn meal dough, enough to make it into a mass, then roll it and divide the whole into one hundred and twenty pills. Dose, one to three pills a day for grown chicks or turkey, less to the smaller fry. The birds that are well enough to eat should have sufficient powdered charcoal in their soft feed every other day to color it slightly, and for every twenty fowls five drops of carbolic acid in the hot water with which the feed in moistened.
ROUP .- The first symptoms are those of a cold in the head. Later on the watery discharge from the nostrils and eyes thickens and fills the nasal cavities and throat, the head swells and the eyes close up and bulge out. The odor from affected fowls is very offensive. It is contagious by diffusion in the air and by contact with the exudations from sick fowls. To disinfect houses and coops burn sulphur and carbolic acid in
43
حـ
KALAMAZOO COUNTY
ARRY'S Serviceable, Stylish Shoes SOLD AT CUT RATE PRICES WE BUY FOR LESS WE SELL FOR LESS
2nd Floor HARRY'S Hanselman Bldg. Kalamazoo, Michigan
1888 - 31 Years 1919 JOHN F. MUFFLEY Shoes Are Right Prices Are Right Our Motto: Your Money's Worth For What You Pay Muffley's, 132 S. Burdick St. KALAMAZOO
!!
DR.A.REED CUSHION SHOE
Take a Hint
SMALL OVERHEAD EXPENSES
High Quality Material Prompt Service Prices Reasonable
CELERY CITY LUMBER CO. West Ransom St. and So. Haven R. R. KALAMAZOO, MICH.
Bell Phone 3295
44
-
RURAL DIRECTORY
them after turning the fowls out and keep closed for an hour or two. Pour a gill of turpentine and a gill of carbolic acid over a peck of lime and let it be- come slaked, then scatter freely over the interior of houses and coops and about the yards.
For the first stages spray the affected flock while on the roost or in the coop with a mixture of two tablespoonfuls of carbolic acid and a piece of fine salt as big as a walnut in a pint of water. Re- peat two or three times a week. Or, if a dry powder is preferred, mix equal parts of sulphur, alum and magnesia and dust this in their nostrils, eyes and throat with a small powder gun. The nasal cavities should be kept open by injecting with a glass syringe or sewing machine oil-can a drop or two of crude petro- leum. A little should be introduced also through the slit in the roof of the mouth. Give sick birds a dessertspoon- ful of castor oil two nights in succession, and feed soft food of bran and corn meal seasoned with red pepper and pow- dered charcoal. A physician advises the following treatment: hydrastin, 10 grains ; sulph. quinine, 10 grains; capsi- cum, 20 grains. Mixed in a mass with balsam copaiba and made into twenty pills; give one pill morning and night ; keep the bird warm and inject a satu- rated solution of chlorate potash in nos- trils and about 20 drops down the throat. PIP, so-called, is not a disease but only a symptom. The drying and hardening of the end of the tongue in what is called "pip" is due to breathing through the mouth, which the bird is compelled to do because of the stoppage of the nostrils. By freeing the natural air passages the tongue will resume its nor- . water. mal condition.
DIPHTHERIA is a contagious disease. + The first symptoms are those of a com- mon cold and catarrh. The head be- comes red and there are signs of fever, then the throat fills up with thick, white mucus and white ulcers appear. The bird looks anxious and stretches its neck and gasps. When it attacks young chicks it is frequently mistaken for gapes. When diphtheria prevails, impregnate the drinking water with camphor. a tea- spoonful of the spirits to a gallon of water, and fumigate the house as recom- mended for roup.
.
Spray the throat with peroxide of hydrogen or with this formula: 1 ounce glycerine, 5 drops nitric acid, 1 gill water. To treat several birds at once with medi-
cated vapor, take a long box with the lid off, make a partition across and near to one end and cover the bottom with coal ashes. Mix a tablespoonful each of pine tar, turpentine and sulphur, to which add a few drops, or a few crys- tals, of carbolic acid and a pinch of gum camphor. Heat a brick very hot, put the fowls in the large part and the brick in the other, drop a spoonful of the mixture on the brick and cover lightly to keep the fumes in among the patients. Watch carefully. as one or two minutes may be all they can endure. Re- peat in six hours if required.
CROP-BOUND .- The crop becomes much distended and hard from obstruction of the passage from the crop to the giz- zard by something swallowed; generally, it is long, dried grass, a bit of rag or rope. Relief may sometimes be af- forded by giving a tablespoonful of sweet oil and then gently kneading the crop with the hand. Give no food, ex- cept a little milk, until the crop is emptied. Wet a tablespoonful or more of pulverized charcoal with the milk and force it down the throat. Should the crop not empty itself naturally pluck a few feathers from the upper right side of it and with a sharp knife make a cut about an inch long in the outer skin. Draw this skin a little to one side and cut open the crop. Remove its con- tents, being careful not to miss the ob- struction. Have a needle threaded with white silk ready, and take a stitch or two in the crop skin first, then sew up the outer skin separately. Put the pa- tient in a comfortable coop, and feed sparingly for a week on bran and meal in a moist state, and give but little
SOFT OR SWELLED-CROP arises from lack of grit, or from eating soggy and unwholesome food. The distended crop contains water and gas, the bird is fever- ish and drinks a great deal. By holding it up with its head down the crop will usually empty itself. When this is done give teaspoon doses of charcoal slightly moistened twice at intervals of six hours. Restrict the supply of water and feed chopped onions and soft feed in moder- ation.
EGG-BOUND, DISEASES OF THE OVIDUCT. Overfat hens are often troubled in this way. Forcing hens for egg production will sometimes break down the laying machinery. Give green food, oats, little corn, and no stimulating condiments. Let the diet be plain and cooling in its
45
KALAMAZOO COUNTY
BISHOP CREAMERY CO. EARL TIEFENTHAL, Mgr. We are cash buyers of cream and solicit a trial ship- ment. Any inquiries will be promptly answered. BELL TELEPHONE VICKSBURY - - MICHIGAN
WALL PAPER
Paints, Varnishes, Brushes, Window Shades ECONOMY WALL PAPER CO. RAY BELL, Mgr. 121-123 N. Burdick, KALAMAZOO, MICH.
Phone 1608
THE RESOURCES OF
58 MAMMOTH SHOE STORES
..
ENABLES YOU TO GET THE MOST FOR YOUR MONEY IN SHOES, RUBBERS and HOSIERY, AT
G. R. KINNEY CO. Inc. 311-313 North Burdick Street, KALAMAZOO Telephone 3977-R The LARGEST SHOE RETAILERS in the World
46
RURAL DIRECTORY
nature. To relieve hens of eggs broken in the oviduct, anoint the forefinger with sweet oil and deftly insert and draw out the broken parts. When the hen is very fat and the egg is so large it cannot be expelled, the only way to save the hen is to break the egg and remove it as above directed.
WHITE-COMB OR SCURVY, caused by crowded and filthy quarters and lack of green food. The comb is covered with a white scurf. This condition some- times extends over the head and down the neck, causing the feathers to fall off.
Change the quarters and diet, give a dose of castor oil and follow this with a half a teaspoonful of sulphur in the soft food daily.
RHEUMATISM AND CRAMP caused by. cold and dampness. Chicks reared on bottom-heat brooders are particularly subject to these troubles. Damp earth floors and cement floors in poultry houses produce it in older birds.
Give dry and comfortable quarters, feed little meat, plenty of green food, and soft feed seasoned with red pepper. DIARRHOEA of chicks with clogging of the vent. Remove the hardened excre-
tion and anoint the parts. Chamomilla is useful in this complaint, a few drops in drinking water.
FROSTED COMB AND WATTLES .- As soon as discovered bathe with compound tinc- ture of benzoin.
FOR LICE on perches, walls and coops, use kerosene or lime wash. To make the lime-wash more effective, pour a little crude carbolic acid on the lime before slaking or mix with plenty of salt.
For use in nests, pour crude carbolic acid on lime and allow it to air-slake. Put one or two handfuls of the car -. bolized lime dust in the nest box.
Pyrethrum powder kills by contact and is effective for dusting in nests, and through the feathers of birds. Its judi- cious use in the plumage and nests of sitting hens will insure immunity from lice for the hen and her young brood.
Chicks and poults are often killed by large lice that congregate about the head, throat, vent and wings. To de- stroy them, soak fish berries in alcohol, take the birds from under the mothers at night and slightly moisten the down of the infested parts with the poison.
How to Preserve Eggs
Now that eggs are dearer as a rule than they have been for years, many people are inquiring about the methods of preserving them. The old way was to pack them in salt or lime. This served the purpose, but it gave the eggs a very strong taste.
The approved method now is the one which calls for the use of "water glass," or silicate of soda. This is a thick, syrupy liquid which can be had at most drug stores for about 10 cents a pound, and a pound is enough to treat five dozen eggs, so that the cost of preserving 'is about two cents a dozen.
There are several grades of water glass, and it is wise to get the best. To prepare the solution, stir one part of the silicate of soda into sixteen parts of water which has been boiled, cooled and carefully measured.
It is essential to have the eggs fresh, or the experiment will not be a great success. Those over three days old should not be used, as the air has already had a chance to penetrate them. The very best way is to keep the solution made up ready and put the eggs into it just as soon as they are brought in from the nests, if you have your own chickens.
It is worse than useless to try to pre- serve eggs that are not fresh or that have been cracked or washed.
Incubation and Gestation Tables
Chickens 20-22 days
Geese 28-34 days
Ducks 28 days
Turkeys 27-29 days
Guinea fowls .28 days
Pheasants
25 days
Ostriches 40-42 days
The period of gestation in animals varies considerably, but the following is an average period based on a long series of observations :
Elephant 2 years
Camel 11-12 months
Ass 12 months
Mare
11 months
Cow 9 months
Sheep
5 months
Goat
5 months
Pig 31/2 months
Bitch
9 weeks
Cat
8 weeks
Rabbit
30 days
Guinea pig 65 days
47
KALAMAZOO COUNTY
SPRAYING FORMULAS
FUNGICIDES .- Bordeaux mixture is made by taking three pounds of sulphate of copper, four pounds of quicklime, fifty gallons of water. To dissolve the copper sulphate, put it into a coarse cloth bag and suspend the bag in a re- ceptacle partly filled with water. Next, slake the lime in a tub, and strain the milk of lime thus obtained into another ' receptacle. Now get some one to help you, and with buckets, simultaneously pour the two liquids into the spraying barrel or tank. Lastly, add sufficient water to make fifty gallons. It is safe to use this full-strength Bordeaux on almost all foliage-except, perhaps, on extra tender things, such as watermelon vines, peach trees, etc. For these it is wiser to use a half-strength mixture.
FORMALIN .- This is also called for- maldehyde, and may be purchased at drug stores. Its principal use is to treat seed potatoes to prevent "scab." Soak the whole seed for two hours in a mixture of one-half pint formalin and fifteen gallons of cold water; dry the seed, cut, and plant in ground that has not recently grown potatoes.
BORDEAUX COMBINED WITH INSECT POISON .- By adding one-quarter pound of Paris green to each fifty gallons of Bordeaux, the mixture becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide. Or, instead of Paris green, add about two pounds of arsenate of lead. The advan- tages of arsenate of lead over Paris green are, first, it is not apt to burn foliage even if used in rather excessive quantities; and, second, it "sticks" to the foliage, etc., better and longer.
INSECTICIDES .- ARSENATE OF LEAD .- This is the best insecticide for chewing insects, and is for sale by seeds- men .. Use about two pounds in fifty gallons of water.
WHITE HELLEBORE .- This, if fresh,
may be used instead of Paris green in some cases-worms on currant and gooseberry bushes, for instance. (It is not such a powerful poison as the ar- senites, and would not do so well for tough insects such as potato-bugs.) Steep two ounces in one gallon of hot water, and use as a spray.
FOR SUCKING INSECTS .- Now we come to another class of insecticides, suited to insects which suck a plant's juice but do not chew. Arsenic will not kill such pests; therefore we must resort to solutions which kill by contact.
KEROSENE EMULSION .- One-half pound of hard or one quart of soft soap; kero- sene, two gallons; boiling soft water, one gallon. If hard soap is used, slice it fine and dissolve it in water by boiling; add the boiling solution (away from the fire) to the kerosene, and stir or violently churn for from five to eight minutes, until the mixture assumes a creamy consistency. If a spray pump is at hand, pump the mixture back upon itself with considerable force for about five minutes. Keep this as a stock. It must be further diluted with water be- fore using. One part of emulsion to fifteen parts of water, is about right for lice.
CARBOLIC ACID EMULSION .- Made by dissolving one pound of hard soap or one quart of soft soap in a gallon of boiling water, to which one pint of crude carbolic acid is added, the whole being stirred into an emulsion. One part of this is added to about thirty-five parts of water and poured around the bases of the plants, about four ounces per plant at each application, beginning when the plants are set out and re- peated every week or ten days until the last of May. Used to fight maggots.
WHALE-OIL SOAP SOLUTION .- Dissolve one pound of whale-oil soap in a gallon
48
RURAL DIRECTORY
SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES
In our Steel Vaults
Represent the only abso- lute safety for valuables of all kinds
They stand between you and LOSS by Fire and Burglars.
They protect your Pri- vate Papers from the gaze of curious persons.
They are open to you any time during bank- ing hours.
Rent a Safe Deposit Box to-day and KNOW to a certainty that what you place there no one but yourself can remove.
Kalamazoo National Bank (In the Big Building) KALAMAZOO MICHIGAN
49
.عبد أعد
-
KALAMAZOO COUNTY
Farmer's State Bank
FARMERS STATE BANK
Resources
$336,855.21
Aug. 31st, 1918
Capital, $25,000 Surplus, $5,000
Bell Telephone
OFFICERS
FARMERS STATE BANK
CHARLES F. BROWN, - President ALBERT CROUGH, - Vice President WM. R. SOUTHWORTH, - Vice Pres. F. L. CRITZ, - Cashier C. L. CRITZ, Ass't Cashier
"The Bank Where You Feel at Home"
VICKSBURG, MICH.
Feather Renovating Mattress Renovating The Rest-Easy Bedding & Furniture Co. CAN FURNISH YOUR HOME AT FACTORY PRICES Felt Mattresses Made in Our Own Factory 215 W. RANSOM STREET 1 Block North of Mich. Cen. Ry. KALAMAZOO, MICH.
Come and Be Convinced Bell Phone 1799
50
1
RURAL DIRECTORY
of hot water, and dilute with about six gallons of cold water. This is a good application for aphis (lice) on trees or plants. For oyster-shell or scurvy scale use this spray in May or June or when the tiny scale lice are moving about on the bark.
TOBACCO TEA .- Place five pounds of tobacco stems in a water-tight vessel, and cover them with three gallons of hot water. Allow to stand several hours; dilute the liquor by adding about seven gallons of water. Strain and ap- ply. Good for lice.
, LIME-SULPHUR MIXTURE. - Slake twenty-two pounds of fresh lump lime in the vessel in which the mixture is to be boiled, using only enough water to cover the lime. Add seventeen pounds of sulphur (flowers or powdered), hav- ing previously mixed it in a paste with water. Then boil the mixture for about an hour in about ten gallons of water, using an iron but not a copper vessel. Next add enough more water to make, in all, fifty gallons. Strain through wire sieve or netting, and apply while mixture is still warm. A good, high- pressure pump is essential to satisfac- tory work. Coat every particle of the tree. , This is the standard San Jose scale remedy, although some orchardists prefer to use the soluble oil sprays now on the market.
PYRETHRUM, OR PERSIAN INSECT POW- DER .- It may be dusted on with a pow- der bellows when the plants are wet; or one ounce of it may be steeped in one gallon of hot water, and sprayed on the plants at any time. It is often used on flowers, in greenhouses, on vegeta- bles, etc.
BISULPHIDE OF CARBON .- This is used to kill weevils in beans and peas, etc. It comes in liquid form and may be had of druggists. When exposed to the air it quickly vaporizes into a poisonous and exp'osive gas which is heavier than air and which will destroy all insect life. (Caution .- Do not inhale the vapor, and allow no lights near.)
Tobacco stems, tobacco dust, kainit, soot, freshly-slaked lime, dust, etc., are often used as insect preventives-in the soil around plants to keep away grubs, worms and maggots, or dusted on to discourage the visits of cucumber bugs, etc. (Note .- The first four are excel lent fertilizers as well as insect pre- ventives.)
Crows and blackbirds frequently pull up planted corn. The best preventive is to tar the seed, as follows: Put the seed into a pail and pour on enough warm water to cover it. Add a tea- spoonful of coal-tar to a peck, and stir well. Throw the seed out on a sieve or in a basket to drain, and then stir in a few handfuls of land plaster (gyp- sum), or air-slaked lime.
A NEW FUNGICIDE .- Some orchard- ists are now using the following self- boiled lime-sulphur spray, instead of Bordeaux, claiming that it is less liable to spot or burn fruit and foliage: Put eight pounds of unslaked lump lime in a barrel; add enough water to cover. When the lime begins to heat, throw in eight pounds of flowers of sulphur. Constantly stir and gradually pour on more water until the lime is all slaked; then add the rest of the water to cool the mixture. About fifty gallons of water, in all, are required. Strain. Two pounds of arsenate of lead may be added, if desired, to the finished mixture, which then becomes a com- bined fungicide and insecticide, and may be used in the same manner as advised for Bordeaux-arsenate of lead. (Special note .- The self-boiled mixture is not the same as the lime-sulphur advised for San Jose scale, which is too strong for trees in foliage.)
If you do not care to bother with making spraying mixtures at home, they can be purchased, already prepared, of seedsmen. For only a few trees or plants, the extra cost of these factory mixtures is not great.
51
1
KALAMAZOO COUNTY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
PLANT
FIRST APPLICATION
SECOND APPLICATION
APPLE (Scab, rot, rust, codling moth, bud moth, tent cater- pillar, canker worm, cur-
When buds are swelling, but before they open, Bor- deaux.
If canker worms are abun. dant just before blossoms open,
Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
After cutting ceases, let the shoots grow and spray them with Bordeaux-arseni- cal mixture.
10 days later, Bordeaux.
BEAN (Anthracnose, leaf blight, weevil. etc.)
CABBAGE ..
(Worms, lice, maggots, etc.)
CELERY (Blight, rot, leaf spot, rust, caterpillars.)
Half strength Bordeaux on young plants in hotbed or seedbed.
As buds are breaking, Bordeaux; when aphis ap- pear, tobacco solution or kerosene emulsion.
At first appearance of worms, hellebore.
10 days later, hellebore. Bordeaux if leaf blight is feared.
Just before flowers unfold, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture.
10-14 days repeat. (Note:
MELONS CUCUMBERS (Mildew, rot, blight, striped bugs, lice, flea beetle, etc.)
PEACH (Rot, mildew, leaf curl, curculio, etc.)
As the buds swell, Bor- deaux.
When fruit has set, repeat. Jar trees for curculio.
Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. Kerosene emul- sion when leaves open for psylla, if needed.
PLUM (Curculio, black knot, leaf blight. brown rot, etc.)
When blossoms have fallen, Bordeaux-arsenical mixture. Begin to jar trees for cur- culio.
POTATO (Fleu beetle, Colorado beetle, blight rot, etc.)
Spray with Paris green and Bordeaux when about 4 in. high.
TOMATO (Rot, blight, etc.)
When plants are 6 in.
high, Bordeaux.
Repeat in 10-14 days. (Fruit can be wiped if dig- figured by Bordeaux.)
culio, etc.)
ASPARAGUS (Rust, beetles.)
Cut off all shoots below surface regularly until about July 1st.
Treat the seed before planting with bisulphide of carbon. (See remarks.) When third leaf expands, Bordeaux.
Pyrethrum or insect pow- der.
7-10 days later, repeat.
Bordeaux, after plants are transplanted to field. (Pyre- thrum for caterpillars if necessary.)
When blossoms drop, Bor- deaux-arsenical mixture.
CHERRY (Rot, aphis, slug, curculio, black knot, leaf blight, or spot, etc.)
CURRANT GOOSEBERRY (Worms, leaf blight.)
GRAPE (Fungous diseases, Rose bugs, lice, flea, beetle, leaf hopper, etc.)
In spring, when buds swell, Bordeaux.
Bordeaux, when vines be- gin to run.
. Always use half strength Bordeaux on watermelon vines.)
PEAR AND QUINCE (Leaf blight, scab, psylla, codling moth, blister mite, slugs, etc.)
As buds are swelling, Bordeaux.
When buds are swelling, · Bordeaux.
Repeat before insects be- come numerous.
NOTE .- For San Jose scale on trees and shrubs, spray with the lime-sulphur mixture in autumn after leaves fall, or (preferably) in early spring, before buds start. The lime-sulphur
52
RURAL DIRECTORY
SUPPOSE YOU SHOULD NOT CULTIVATE YOUR CORN- What sort of a crop would you get ?
It sounds like the veriest folly to even speak of not cultivating corn, yet there are good farmers who cultivate but scarcely think of spraying trees.
IT PAYS TO SPRAY
Every authority, experience, your own sound sense convince you of the importance of spraying. We should like to help make the effort a thorough success by supplying.
RELIABLE AND COMPLETE SPRAYING MATERIAL
MYERS SPRAY PUMPS
We handle the well-known Myers line of spray pumps. Every Myers pump is guaranteed to be free from flaws and defects and to work with satisfaction. We can supply hand sprayers, barrel sprayers, knapsack sprayers, automatic power sprayers, in fact any sort of spraying device you want.
FULL LINE OF SPRAYING CHEMICALS
All of the standard chemicals for spraying solutions will be found here and we can assure you of the purity and full strength of the goods we sell. Special prices on large quantities.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.