USA > Michigan > Kalamazoo County > Kalamazoo County, Michigan, rural directory, 1919 > Part 5
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IF IT'S HARDWARE-IT'S HERE!
We are always ready to supply the farmer with everything he needs in hardware.
COMPLETE STOCKS
HONEST GOODS & FAIR PRICES
The EDWARDS & CHAMBERLIN HARDWARE CO.
WHOLESALE
Established 1845.
RETAIL
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
Highest Price for Cream Try Augusta Creamery Company
We have Trucks to gather Cream
Call us on either Telephone
May we start a route in your neighborhood ?
Augusta Creamery Company Box 10 AUGUSTA, MICH. Our Specialties: High Grade Butter and Cheese
50 Everbearing Strawberry 65·
Postpaid 600 Miles
Can send 2 kinds to set alternately every other hill, if desired to Fertilize thoroughly
ASK about other Berries wanted, Currants, Asparagus TREES and ORNAMENTALS
Gobleville, Michigan Nurseries
C. H. MERRIFIELD, Secretary
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€
RURAL DIRECTORY
SPRAYING CALENDAR
THIRD APPLICATION.
FOURTH APPLICATION.
REMARKS.
When blossoms have fallen. deaux-arsenical ture.
Bor- mix-
8-12 days later. Bordeaux . arsenical mixture.
For aphis (lice) use one of the lice remedies mentioned elsewhere. Dig out borers from tree trunks with knife and wire. For oyster- shell scale, use whale-oil soap spray in June.
2-3 weeks later, Bor- deaux-arsenical mix- ture.
Repeat in 2-3 weeks.
Mow vines close to ground when they are killed by frost, burn them, and apply a mulch of stable manure.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
14 days later, Bor- deaux.
For weevils: Put seed in tight box, put a. cloth over seed, pour bisulphide of carbon on it, put lid on and keep closed for 48 hours. Use 1 oz. to 4 bus. of seed.
7-10 days later, re- peat.
Repeat every 10-14 days until crop is
gathered.
Root maggots: Pour carbolic acid emulsion around stem of plants. Club root: Rotate crops; apply lime to soil; burn refuse; treat seed with formalin before planting.
14 days later, re- peat.
14 days later, re- peat.
Rot or rust is often caused by hilling up with earth in hot weather. Use boards for summer cro'. Pithy stalks are due to poor seed; or lack of moisture.
10-14 days, Bor- deaux.
Hellebore, if a second brood of slugs appear.
Black knot: Dark fungous-looking bunches or knots on limbs. Cut off and burn whenever seen.
10-14 days, repeat, if necessary.
2 to 4 weeks later, repeat.
Cane-borers may be kept in check by cutting out and burning infested canes.
When fruit has set, Bordeaux - arsenical mixture.
2 to 4 weeks later, Bordeaux.
For lice, use any of the lice remedies. For rose bugs, use 10 pounds of arsenate of lead and one gallon of molasses in 50 gallons of water, as a spray. Or knock the bugs into pans of kerosene every day.
10-14 days, repeat.
10-14 days, repeat.
Use lice remedies for lice. For striped bugs, protect young plants with a cover of mosquito netting over each hill. Or keep vines well dusted with a mixture of air-slaked lime, to- bacco dust and a little Paris green.
When fruit is one- half grown, Bor-
Dig out borers. Cut down and burn trees affected with "yellows."
deaux.
NOTE :- It is safer always to use half- strength Bordeaux on peach foliage.
After blossoms have fallen. Bordeaux-ar- senical mixture.
8-12 days later, re- peat.
Look out for "fire blight." Cut out and burn blighted branches whenever seen.
10-14 repeat.
days later,
10-20 days later, Bordeaux.
Cut out black knot whenever seen.
Repeat for blight, rot and insects.
Repeat.
To prevent scabby tubers, treat the seed with formalin before planting.
Repeat in 10-14
Hand-pick tomato worms.
days.
mixture is a fungicide as well as a scale cure, and if it is used the first early Bordeaux spray may be omitted.
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
E. MOORE DEALER IN Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers
Citizens Phone
Bell Phone 38-F1 AUGUSTA, MICH. No. 43
-
Lady May's College Girl and Calf No. 54279
Citizens Phone Alex. Murray Breeder of Pure Jersey Cattle and Berkshire Swine R 3 Augusta, Mich.
AUTO LIVERY-DAY and NIGHT PARK VIEW GARAGE CHAMBERS, ACKER & SHURLOW, Proprietors
Ford Accessories
U. S. Tires
Free Air
Bell Phone 31 Citizen's Phone 25-2R
Augusta, -
.
. Michigan
56
RURAL DIRECTORY
Troublesome Pests-Buffalo Moth
The carpet beetle (often called the "Buffalo Moth") has proved to be a very annoying and destructive pest throughout the northern part of the United States. It was imported into this country from Europe, about the year 1874, and has spread from the East to the West.
All the year, but more often in sum- mer and fall, an active brown larva about a quarter of an inch in length feeds upon carpets and woolen goods. This larva is decorated with stiff brown hairs, which are longer around the sides and still longer at the ends than on the back. It works in a hidden manner from the under surface of a carpet; sometimes making irregular holes, but more fre- quently following the line of a floor crack and thus cutting long slits in the carpet.
The adult insect is a minute, broad- oval beetle, about three-sixteenths of an inch long, black in color, but is covered with exceedingly minute scales, which give it a marbled black-and-white ap- pearance. It also has a red stripe down the middle of the back, widening into projections at three intervals. When disturbed it "plays 'possum," folding up its legs and antennae and feigning death.
Prof. J. B. Smith says: "The Buffalo Moth lives during the winter under scales of bark, in crevices and wherever else it can find shelter. It is the beetle that lives over, of course, and in the spring it congregates sometimes in great numbers on blossoms, favoring those in gardens, and from them it finds its way into houses nearby. I do not think that I have ever found larvae in houses un- der ordinary circumstances in winter ; but I am quite ready to believe that in places kept uniformly warm at all times, breeding may go on in winter as well as in summer."
We believe that only where carpets are extensively used are the conditions favorable for the great increase of the insect. Carpets when once put down are · seldom taken up for a year, and in the meantime the insect develops uninter- ruptedly. Where polished floors and rugs are used, the pest ceases to be a serious one.
The beetles are day-fliers, and when not engaged in egg-laying are attracted to the light. They fly to the windows, and may often be found upon the sills
or panes. Where they can fly out through an open window they do so, and are strongly attracted to the flowers of certain plants, particularly the spiraea.
Remedies: There is no easy way to keep the carpet beetle in check. When it has once taken possession of a house nothing but the most thorough and long- continued measures will eradicate it. The practice of annual carpet-cleaning, so often carelessly and hurriedly per- formed, is, as we have shown above, peculiarly favorable to the development of the insect. Two carpet-cleanings would be better than one, and if but one, it would be better to undertake it in mid- summer than at any other time of the year.
Where convenience or conservatism demands an adherence to the old house- cleaning custom, however, insist upon extreme thoroughness and a slight varia- tion in the customary methods. The rooms should be attended to one or two at a time. The carpets should be taken up, thoroughly beaten, and sprayed out- of-doors with benzine, and allowed to air for several hours. The rooms them- selves should be thoroughly swept and dusted, the floors washed down with hot water, the cracks carefully cleaned out, and gasoline or benzine poured into the cracks and sprayed under the base- boards. The extreme inflammability of gasoline, and of its vapor when con- fined, should be remembered and fire carefully guarded against.
Where the floors are poorly con- structed and the cracks are wide, it will be a good idea to fill the cracks with plaster of Paris in a liquid state; this will afterward set and lessen the num- ber of harboring places for the insect. Before relaying the carpet, tarred roof- ing paper should be laid upon the floor, at least around the edges, but preferably over the entire surface; and when the carpet is relaid it will be well to tack it down rather lightly, so that it can be occasionally lifted at the edges and ex-' amined for the presence of the insect. Later in the season, if such an examina- tion shows the insect to have made its appearance, a good though somewhat la- borious remedy consists in laying a damp cloth smoothly over the suspected spot of the carpet and ironing it with a hot iron. The steam thus generated will pass through the carpet and kill the in- sects immediately beneath it.
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
DISEASES OF SHEEP
If sheep are given proper care and feed, and are not exposed to sudden changes, the liability of disease is ma- terially reduced. For the average sheep that becomes sick, and you do not know how to doctor, the best way is to let nature take its course. Unless the symptoms are very evident and the rem- edies well known, doctoring sheep is ex- pensive and often unsatisfactory.
In handling and treating sick animals, use common sense. Do not try to make them eat, but let them be quiet. Do not begin to pour medicine down them the first time you see there is something wrong, but look to the cause and remove it, if it is in the feed or care. If the animal does not then return to feed, study closely the symptoms, and give such treatment as the latter seem to warrant. The common ailments of sheep are comparatively few, but severe cases of many of them are very fatal. ,In giving medicine to sheep, the easi- est way to hold the sheep is to set it on its rump, placing the sheep between your legs and holding the head by plac- ing the first two fingers of the left hand in the roof of the animal's mouth, thus leaving the right hand to hold the spoon or bottle. Except where the medicine is given clear, in one or two tablespoon- fuls, the best method is to have a long, small-necked bottle in which to put the. medicine, and put in the mouth, taking care to have the opening well to the back of the mouth so that the sheep can not hold the tongue over the opening. Give large doses with great care, pouring slowly to avoid choking. Be careful not to choke by pouring into the windpipe. In giving castor oil with a spoon, dip the spoon in water just before using.
INTERNAL DISEASES.
CHOKING .- Generally caused by too fast eating of oats or roots, which lodge in the gullet. Set the animal on its rump, stretch the neck and throw the head back, and pour a cupful of water down the throat. In more severe cases. use three or four tablespoonfuls of melted lard. If neither of these furnish relief, take a piece of small rubber hose, or a very small, pliable and smooth stick. push it carefully down the gullet,
and dislodge the obstacle. Keep close to the lower side of the neck, so as not to disturb the windpipe.
In passing hose to relieve choke, keep neck perfectly straight. Have animal held firmly by good assistants. Use great care to avoid wounding throat.
BLOATING .- Caused by overeating of soft, green feed, such as young clover, alfalfa, rape, and the like. For slight cases, put all the pine tar possible on the nose and mouth; also fasten a small stick în the mouth, like a bridle bit, to keep it open to allow the gas to escape. In more severe cases, give two teaspoon- fuls of bicarbonate of soda, dissolved in warm water. If relief does not fol- low, repeat in about ten minutes. Hold- ing salt pork in the mouth will often relieve. In all of these cases, keep the animal in motion, so as to facilitate the escape of gas. If none of these reme- dies act and the animal becomes worse, tapping must be resorted to. . This is done by making a small insertion with a sharp knife, at a point on the left side equidistant from the end of the last short rib and the backbone, on the paunch. Better than a knife is a trocar with shield. This is a sharp blade in a tube, and when the puncture is made the shield is left in the opening, allow- the gas to escape. This shield should be removed as soon as the animal is out of danger. Sheep trocar and canula can be secured from any veterinary in- strument maker.
FOUNDERING. - Generally caused by overeating; for instance, securing access to grain bin accidentally, or being kept from feed twenty-four hours or longer, and then allowed to eat as much as they please. As soon as found. give one-half teacupful of castor oil and keep well exercised. If bloating sets in, re- lieve by ordinary methods. Founder- ing is very dangerous, and death often results, in spite of any remedy.
. CONSTIPATION-In lambs, often occurs when one to seven years old. Relieve by an injection, with a small syringe, of lukewarm soapsuds into the rectum. Another good injection is glycerine. one ounce to warm water one pint. In older sheep, sometimes due to heavy feeding,
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RURAL DIRECTORY
especially of corn and dry feed without any laxative foods; also due to lack of exercise. Two to four tablespoonfuls of castor oil will relieve; if no passage of bowels in twenty-four hours, repeat and increase the dose by one-half.
.
'SCOURING. - Induced by a sudden change from dry to green feed; by over- eating of green feed, such as rape, clover, alfalfa, and the like; also of grain. In mild cases, a change to dry feed will cause scouring to stop in a day or so, without the use of any drug. In very severe cases, where the sheep refuses to eat, and passage of dung is slimy and attended with straining, give two tablespoonfuls of castor oil to carry off the cause of the irritation; if this does not check the passage give a table- spoonful of castor oil with thirty drops of laudanum, twice daily, in a little gruel. When checked, continue to give flaxseed gruel, until the sheep returns to its regular ration.
SNUFFLES .- Similar to a cold in per- sons; catarrh; discharge at the nose. Put fresh pine tar in the mouth and on the nose. In severe cases steam the sheep with tar, by putting some live coals in a pan, pouring tar on them, and holding his head over the pan, placing a blanket over his head to keep the fumes from escaping, and forcing the sheep to inhale them.
1.
URINARY TROUBLES .- Rams are some- times troubled to make water; generally due to heavy feeding and close confine- ment; it is also claimed that heavy feed- ing of roots will cause this trouble. Rams stand apart from the flock, do not eat, draw up their hind parts, and strain in an attempt to make water. To relieve, give one-half teaspoonful sweet spirits of niter, in a little water, every two hours until relieved.
WORMS .- The deadly stomach worm (strongylus contortus) is the worst foe of the eastern sheep grower. It is a small worm about three-quarters of an inch long, found in the fourth stomach. They are taken in by lambs running on old pasture, especially blue-grass, and are induced by wet weather and wet soil; are generally noticeable during July and August. Symptoms : lambs lag behind when driving the flock, look thin and poor. act weak, skin is very pale and bloodless; eyes pale, sunken and
.
lifeless; sometimes scouring occurs a day or two before death; death usually in four to ten days. Preventive: keep the lambs from old pastures; a fresh cut or newly seeded clover meadow makes the best pasture; rape is also good. Feed them some grain and dry feed, and keep some of the following mixture in the salt box all the time, viz .: one bushel salt, one pound gen- tian, one pound powdered copperas, one pint turpentine, mixed thoroughly. Some of the prepared medicated salts are just as cheap and effective as this mixture. Tobacco dust and tobacco leaves fed with the salt are also much used in some sections and prove very effective as a preventive. Cure: if not too bad when noticed, they can often be cured, but they are seldom as growthy as if not affected. Shut the lambs from all feed for twelve to eighteen hours; catch the lamb, set him on his rump, holding so that he can not struggle and give a drench of gasoline, one tablespoonful, in four ounces (one-third to one-half teacupful) of milk; repeat the two suc- ceeding mornings, and if no improve- ment, repeat the series in seven to ten days. Follow directions carefully.
DISEASES EXTERNAL.
MAGGOTS .- Caused by green flies, in- duced by hot, damp weather, and dirty wool; found on the hind part of sheep, and on rams around the horns, where wool is damp and dirty. Also around castration and docking wounds, which require watching for this trouble. Trim off the wool on place affected, and throw off the maggots; put on gasoline to kill the maggots. Air-slacked lime will dry up the wet wool, and drive the maggots and flies away. Turpentine and kero- sene are also used, but both take off the wool, if used in considerable amounts. Apply the above remedies for maggots with brush or small oil can.
FOULS, OR SORE FEET .- Sheep are often lame, especially when the ground is wet; earth or manure lodges between the toes, continual rubbing induces soreness, the foot begins to suppurate, and. your sheep is lame; the foot looks sore be- tween the toes and is warm. Pare away all shell of hoof around the sore part. being sure to expose to the air all af- fected parts: after thoroughly paring. put on with a small swab a solution of
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
. blue vitriol and strong vinegar, mixed to the consistency of a thin paste. Keep sheep with fouls away from wet pastures or stagnant water, and keep feet dry and clean as possible.
If lame sheep are not doctored, the fouls soon spread to all parts of the foot, and foot-rot results. This becomes contagious, and all sheep remaining where are those with foot-rot will be- come lame. There is no need of foot- rot if the shepherd takes care of his sheep. Treat this the same as the fouls, being sure to pare away all shell and ex- posing the diseased parts. For
a stronger solution than blue vitriol, use blue vitriol, butyr of antimony, and mur- iatic acid, equal parts by weight. Use with care. Paring is the principal thing ; be careful not to cut the toe vein. Another excellent remedy for foul feet is one ounce chloride of zinc to one pint of water. Apply enough to wet foul parts once daily after cleaning foot with dry cloth.
TICKS .- Ticks to sheep are as lice to hens; they take the life and blood from the sheep. To kill them, dip your sheep in some proprietary dip, carbolic prefer- red, being careful to follow directions.
SCAB .- Is a strictly contagious disease of the skin, caused by a small mite which · bites the skin. It generally appears on the back. rump or sides of the sheep, and is first indicated by rubbing and pulling of the wool. The disease is very contagious, common to large flocks and bands, especially on the western range. Cure: use some good proprietary dip, follow directions to the letter, dip your sheep thoroughly twice, the second dip- ping from six to ten days after the first, not sooner or later than these limits. Disinfect all pens thoroughly and keep sheep from the old pastures at least two months. Scab is not very common to eastern sheep owners. Inspect all new animals at once for scab, as it is often introduced by purchasing stock ewes or rams.
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SORE EYES .- Caused by too much wool over the eyes, and the eyelid rolling into the eye; also by getting something into the eye. Shear the wool away from the eye, and tie the cap of wool up off from the eyes, if necessary; if there is a film over the eye. better apply a few drops of a solution of ten grains of boric acid to the ounce of water, put in a pinch of powdered burnt alum.
SORE TEATS .- The teats on ewes with lambs sometimes become sore and ten- der, so that the lamb can not suck. Rub twice a day with salted butter. .
CAKED UDDER .- Sometimes caused by weaning and not milking after the lamb is taken away. Generally occurs in heavy milkers; also occurs when lamb is still sucking, in one side of the bag at first. It is accompanied by stiffness in the hind quarters, the bag is hard, and in the first stages a thin, watery-like fluid can be drawn from the teat. Rub well and carefully, using camphorated sweet oil; the principal thing is the rub- bing; try to soften the bag and keep the teat open. Many times the ewe will lose the use of that side of her bag entirely. If she does, send her to mar- ket. Where gait is stiff and udder caked, give the ewe one dram salicylate. of soda three times daily for three or four days.
CASTING WITHERS .- Thrusting out of the womb. It should be washed in a pint of warm water, in which has been dissolved a teaspoonful of powdered alum, and the womb replaced, and a stitch taken in the upper part of the opening of the vagina. The best way to cure such ewes is to market them or kill at once if they continue to give trouble in this respect. After replacing the womb, keep hind parts of animal quite high by standing in narrow stall made for the purpose, with floor made high behind.
GOITER .- Lumps in the throat. Com- mon to lambs when born; also in young sheep during the first winter. Some think the latter is caused by high feed- ing. Apply tincture of iodine with a swab, rubbing on enough to color well the affected portion. Two or three ap- plications, two to four days apart, should remove the worst case of goiter.
CASTRATING. - Hold as for docking. Cut off a good sized portion of the end of the sac with a sharp knife, push back the sack from the testicles, grasp the latter singly, with right hand. and grasp narrow or upper portion of sac firmly with left hand. and draw out until the cord breaks. Do not cut the cord. But break it. When docking and castrating at the same time. castrate first, then dock, and release the lamb. The whole operation should not take over one to two minutes.
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RURAL DIRECTORY
W. E. WHITE Breeder of HOLSTEIN CATTLE R-1, Scotts, Mich.
Bell Telephone 11-F3
Citizens Telephone 23-4R
G. W. FAY
Staple and Fancy Groceries
Cigars, Ice Cream
Meat during season
Trucks and Gasoline
AUGUSTA -
-
-
MICHIGAN
WE MAKE TO ORDER Trunks, Cases and Leather Goods
T AYLOR'S RUNKS = FIRST BECAUSE T AYLOR'S RUNKS = LAST
T. TAYLOR & SON 119 Portage Street, KALAMAZOO Repairing of all kinds of Trunks, Cases and Bags
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KALAMAZOO COUNTY
Handy Things to Know
A rod is 161/2 feet, or 51/2 yards.
A mile is 320 rods.
A mile is 1,760 yards.
A mile is 5,280 feet.
A square foot is 144 square inches. A square yard contains 9 square feet. A square rod is 2721/4 square feet. An acre contains 43,560 square feet. An acre contains 4,840 square yards. An acre contains 160 square rods. A quarter section contains 160 acres.
An acre is 8 rods wide by 20 rods long.
An acre is 10 rods wide by 16 rods long.
An acre is about 20834 feet square. A solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches.
A pint (of water) weighs 1 pound.
A solid foot of water weighs 621/2 pounds. A gallon (of water) holds 231 solid inches.
A gallon of milk weighs 8 pounds and 10 ounces.
A barrel of flour weighs 196 pounds. A barrel of salt weighs 280 pounds. A barrel of beef weighs 200 pounds. A barrel of pork weighs 200 pounds. A barrel of fish weighs 200 pounds. A keg of powder equals 25 pounds.
A stone of lead or iron equals 14 pounds.
A pig of lead or iron equals 211/2 stone.
Anthracite coal broken-cubic foot- averages 54 pounds.
A ton loose occupies 40-43 cubic feet. Bituminous coal broken-cubic foot -- averages 49 pounds.
Cement (hydraulic) Rosendale, weight per bushel, 70 pounds.
A ton loose occupies 40-48 cubic feet. Cement (hydraulic) Louisville, weight per bushel, 62 pounds.
Cement (hydraulic) Portland, weight per bushel, 96 pounds.
Gypsum ground, weight per bushel, 70 pounds.
Lime, loose, weight per bushel, 70 pounds.
Lime, well shaken, weight per bushel, 80 pounds.
Sand at 98 pounds per cubic foot, per bushel, 1221/2 pounds.
18.29 bushels equal a ton. 1,181 tons cubic yard.
MEASURING HAY AND CORN
Hay is often sold in the mow or stack where the weight has to be estimated. For this purpose 400 cubic feet of hay is considered a ton. The actual weight of 400 cubic feet of hay will vary ac- cording to the quality of the hay, time of cutting, position in mow, etc. For making an estimate in a given case multiply together the length, breadth and height of the mow or stack in feet and divide the product by 400. The quotient will be the number of tons.
Corn is measured by the following rule : A heaped bushel contains 2,748 cubic inches. To find the number of bushels of corn in a crib it is therefore necessary merely to multiply together the length, width and height in inches and divide the product by 2,748. The number of bushels of shelled corn will be two-thirds of the quotient. If the sides of the crib are slanting, it will be necessary to multiply together one- half the sum of the top and bottom widths with the height and length.
The legal weight of a bushel of shelled corn in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland and Virginia is 56 pounds.
In Pennsylvania, Virginia and Mary- land 32 pounds constitute a bushel of oats; in New Jersey, 30 pounds.
A bushel of wheat is placed at 60 pounds by most of the states of the Union.
Pennsylvania recognizes 56 pounds as a bushel of white potatoes. In Mary- land, New Jersey and Virginia the legal weight is 60 pounds.
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