USA > Michigan > Michigan official directory and legislative manual for the years 1915-1916 > Part 4
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Virginia .
Statesman
1732
1794
27
Francis Lewis.
New York.
Merchant.
1713
1803
28
Philip Livingston
New York.
Merchant.
1716
1778
29
Thomas Lynch, Jr.
South Carolina
Lawyer.
1749
1779
30
Thomas McKean.
Delaware.
Lawyer
1734
1817
31
Arthur Middleton
South Carolina
Planter.
1743
1787
32
Lewis Morris .
New York.
Farmer.
1726
1798
33
Robert Morris
Pennsylvania .
Merchant.
1733
1806
34
John Morton .
Pennsylvania.
Surveyor
1724
1777
35
Thomas Nelson, Jr.
Virginia .
Statesman
1738
1789
36
William Paca ..
Maryland .
Lawyer
1740
1799
37
Robert Treat Paine.
Massachusetts Bay
Lawyer.
1731
1814
38
John Penn. .
North Carolina
Lawyer
1741
1788
39
George Read.
Delaware ..
Lawyer.
1733
1798
40
Cæsar Rodney
Delaware.
General.
1730
1783
41
George Ross.
Pennsylvania
Lawyer.
1730
1779
42
Benjamin Rush .
Pennsylvania
Physician.
1746
1813
43
Edward Rutledge
South Carolina
Lawyer
1749
1800
44
Roger Sherman
Connecticut.
Shoemaker.
1721
1793
45
James Smith.
Pennsylvania.
Lawyer.
1719
1806
46
Richard Stockton.
New Jersey .
Lawyer.
1730
1781
47
Thomas Stone.
Maryland .
Lawyer.
1743
1787
48
George Taylor
Pennsylvania
Foundryman. .
1716
1781
49
Matthew Thornton
New Hampshire
Physician.
1714
1803
50
George Walton
Georgia .
Lawyer .
1740
1804
51
William Whipple
New Hampshire
Sailor.
1730
1785
52
William Williams.
Connecticut.
Statesman.
1731
1811
53
James Wilson.
Pennsylvania
Lawyer.
1742
1798
54
John Witherspoon
New Jersey .
Educator.
1722
1794
55
Oliver Wolcott.
Connecticut
Soldier.
1726
1797
56
George Wythe.
Virginia.
Lawyer.
.
1726
1806
George Clymer
Pennsylvania
Merchant.
1739
1813
19
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
ARTICLE I.
SECTION-
1. Of the legislative power.
2. House of representatives; quali- fication of members; apportionment of representatives and direct taxes; census; first apportionment; vacan- cies; officers of the house; impeach- ments.
3. Senate, classification of senators; qualifications of; vice president to preside; other officers, trial of im- peachments.
4. Election of members of congress; meetings of congress.
5. Powers of each house; expulsion of members; journal; adjournments.
6. Compensation and privileges; dis- abilities of members. .
7. Revenue bills; passage and approval of bills; orders and resolutions.
8. General powers of congress.
9. Certain limitations of the powers of congress.
10. Limitations of the powers of indi- vidual states.
ARTICLE II.
1. Of the executive power; electors, how and when chosen; qualifications of president; when powers of, to devolve upon vice president; com- pensation and oath of president.
2. Powers and duties of president; making of treaties; power of ap- pointment.
SECTION ---
3. Other powers and duties .:
4. Officers liable to impeachment.
ARTICLE III.
1. Of the judicial power.
2. Extent of the judicial power; juris- diction of the supreme court; trials for crimes.
3. Treason defined; trial for and pun- ishment.
ARTICLE IV.
1. Effect of public acts, records, etc., of each state.
2. Citizenship; fugitives from justice and from service to be delivered up.
3. Admission of new states; power of congress: over territory.
4. Republican form of
government guaranteed to the several states; protection from invasion or domestic violence.
ARTICLE V.
1. How constitution may be amended.
ARTICLE VI.
1. Of the public debt; constitution to be supreme law of the land; con- stitutional oath of office; religious tests prohibited.
ARTICLE VII.
1. Ratification of constitution.
AMENDMENTS.
ARTICLE-
1. Religious freedom; freedom of speech and of the press; right of petition.
2. Right to bear arms.
3. Quartering of soldiers.
4. Unreasonable searches and seizures; search warrants.
5. Rights of persons charged with crimes; taking of private property.
6. Trials in criminal cases and rights of the accused.
7. Trials by jury in civil cases.
8. Excessive bail, fines and punishments.
9. Rights of the people.
10. Of powers reserved to the states.
11. Extent of judicial powers.
ARTICLE ----
12. Manner of electing president and vice president; qualification of vice president.
13. Prohibition of slavery.
14. Citizenship; security of persons and property; apportionment of repre- sentatives; who prohibited
from holding office; validity of the public debt; what obligations to be void.
15. Right of citizens to vote.
16. Power to lay and collect taxes on incomes.
17. Election of United States senators by the people.
20
MICHIGAN MANUAL.
PREAMBLE.
We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.
ARTICLE I.
SECTION I.
1All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a congress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives.
SECTION II.
1The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.
2No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty- five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.
3[Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.](a) The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the congress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.
4When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the executive authority ·thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
5'The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
SECTION III.
1[The senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.](b)
2Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments [until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.]
3No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen.
(a) The part of this paragraph between brackets is amended by the fourteenth amendment.
(b) The first paragraph of this section and so much of paragraph two of the same section as relates to filling vacancies are amended by the seventeenth amendment.
21
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
4The vice president of the United States shall be president of the senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.
5The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro tempore, in the absence of the vice president, or when he shall exercise the office of president of the United States.
6The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside: And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
"Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States: But the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.
SECTION IV.
1The times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof; but the congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators.
2The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.
SECTION V.
1Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. 2Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.
3Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one- fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.
4Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.
SECTION VI.
1The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.
2No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.
SECTION VII.
1All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representatives; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.
2Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and the senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the president of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house
22
MICHIGAN MANUAL.
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.
3Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the senate and house of representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the president of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate and house of representatives, according to the rules and limitations pre- scribed in the case of a bill.
SECTION VIII.
1The congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
2To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
3To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;
4To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; 4
5To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;
6To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;
"To establish postoffices and post roads;
8To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; 'To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court;
10To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations; .
11To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;
12To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;
13To provide and maintain a navy;
14To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; 15To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;
16To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for govern- ing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of train- ing the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress;
17To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square), as may, by cession of particular states, and the accept- ance of congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to ex- ercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock- yards, and other needful buildings; and
18To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the govern- ment of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
23
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
SECTION IX.
'The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one
. thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such impor- tation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.
2The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
3No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
4No capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. (a)
5No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.
6No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another: Nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.
"No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.
8No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.
SECTION X.
1No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.
2No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec- tion laws: And the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on im- ports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress.
3No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
ARTICLE II.
SECTION I.
. 1The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the vice president, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows:
2Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress: But no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.
[The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the govern- ment of the United States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have
(a) See sixteenth amendment.
24
MICHIGAN MANUAL.
an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for president; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said house shall in like manner choose the president. But in choosing the president, the vote shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be neces- sary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the vice president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them by ballot the vice president.](a)
3The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States.
4No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to the office of president; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.
5In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, resignation or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the vice president, and the congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the president and vice president, declaring what officer shall then act as president, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a president shall be elected.
"The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.
7Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of president of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the United States."
SECTION II.
1The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.
2He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
3The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.
SECTION III.
1He shall from time to time give to the congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge neces- sary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of ad-
(a) This paragraph is annulled by article XII of the amendments,
25
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.
journment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.
SECTION IV.
1The president, vice president and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
ARTICLE III.
SECTION I.
1The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shal. hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
SECTION II.
1The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states; be- tween a state and citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; be- tween citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.
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