USA > Michigan > Kent County > Standard atlas of Kent County, Michigan : including a plat book of the cities, villages and township. . . reference business directory, 1907 > Part 37
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Copyright, 19Ch, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.
SUPPLEMENT XIV.
ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.
1648 Canadians at war with the Indians. The House of Brandenburg acquire Hal- berstadt and Minden. New Amsterdam contains about 1,000 in- habitants.
1649 Trial and execution of Charles I. Massacre and capture of Drogheda, Ire- land, by Cromwell. Confession of Faith. 1650 Marquis of Montrose beheaded in Scot- dand.
1651 Leopold I. made King of Hungary. Charles II. crowned at Scone, Scotland, Jan. 1.
Battle of Worcester, Sept. 3, and defeat of royalists.
Charles II. flees to France. "Barebones" Parliament. Birth of Fenelon; died 1715. English Navigation Act.
1652 England at war with Holland. The Dutch, under Van Tromp, "sweep the Channel." De Ruyter defeated by Blake.
1653 Negro insurrection suppressed in Mex- ico.
Peace between England and Holland. Death of Van Tromp. Long Parliament dissolved by Cromwell, April 20. He becomes Lord Protector, Dec. 16.
1665
Spain and England at war, which lasts five years.
1656 Russian Truce of Niemetz, or Wilma, with Poland,
Prussia declared independent of Poland. Frederic William, the Great Elector. Jamaica conquered.
1657 Convention gives Cromwell power to ap- point his successor.
Death of Admiral Blake.
1658 Accession of Leopold I. in Germany. Death . of Oliver Cromwell; Richard Cromwell, his son, succeeds him. 1659 Auto de fa, of the Inquisition, Mexico. Richard Cromwell resigns title of Lord Protector.
Peace of the Pyrenees.
The restoration.
1660 Charles II. returns to England; the mon- archy re-established. Birth of Stahl; died 1734. Death of Mazarin.
- 1661
1691
Colbert, Minister of Finance, in France. Execution of the Marquis of Argyle, in Scotland.
Birth of De Foe; died 1731.
The Royal Palace at Versailles com- menced; court opened there in 1672.
1692
Beginning of the English national debt. Insurrection in the City of Mexico. Massacre of Glencoe.
Battles in Steinkirk and Landen. Birth of Bradley; died 1762.
Great era of speculation.
1716 George Law's financial schemes. The village charter of Brooklyn first issued.
The Septennial Bill passed in England. Birth of Garrick, actor; died 1779.
1717 New Orleans founded.
Belgrade abandonedaby Turkey.
1718 The Duke of Savoy becomes King of . Sardinia.
1755 Braddock and his army defeated by the French- and Indians. Defeat of Dieskau at Lake George. French Acadians taken from their homes. Frontier settlements in New York and Pennsylvania harassed by the French and Indians.
Niagara expedition fails.
Lisbon destroyed by an earthquake. Birth of Dr. Hahnemann; died 1843.
Birth of Mrs. Siddons, actress; died 1831.
1756 War declared between France and Eng- land.
Beginning of the Seven Years' War. Austria, Russia and France allied against Prussia.
1859 Commercial treaty with United States. English Envoy attacked by Chinese.
1860 England and France at war with China. European Allies victorious. Treaty of peace signed October 24. Surrender of Pekin, Oct. 12. Ratification of treaty with Russia.
China forced to pay inder nity, and to apologize.
Former treaty ratifled.
1861 Allies restore Canton to the Chinese. Rebels defeated by French and English aid.
1864 1865 Suicide of Tien-wang, the rebel emperor. Prince Kung becomes regent during minority of emperor.
1868 Burlingame Embassy visit United States and sign treaty.
1869 at Paris. Burlingame, Chinese Embassy, received 1870 French consul and many priests mas- sacred at Tien-tsin.
1871 Chinese apologize and give indemnities. Marriage of Emperor.
1873 Ki-Tsiang of age; becomes Emperor as Tung-chi, Jan. 22.
1875 Death of the Emperor, Tung-Chi, Jan. 22; accession of Tsai-Tien, born 1871, son of Prince Chan.
First Chinese railway from Shanghae to Woosung opened.
1877 Terrible famine throughout the Empire. Edict forbidding opium smoking.
1880 Serious troubles with Russia.
1881 Treaty of Peace concluded with Russia. Sacking of European quarter in Canton. 1883 1884 Treaty of peace with France, May 11. The Imperial Government sanction the introduction of railways, June 20. The Chinese Government declare war
against France, Aug. 15.
French destroy Kinpai Forts at Foo- chow, Aug. 28.
Repulse of the French at Tamsul. French admiral declares all the For-
mosan ports to be blockaded. Insurrection in Korea.
Assassination of the King's son, Dec. 4. Bhamo, Korea, captured by the Chinese, Dec. 8.
1885 Langson, in Cochin China, captured by the French, Feb. 12; evacuated March 28
Peace concluded with France, April 6; signed at Tien-tsin, June 9.
1885 Admiralty Board created, Dec. 15. 1888 Marriage of the Emperor, Feb. 25.
1679
Habeas Corpus Act passes parliament. Archbishop Sharpe murdered by cove- nanters, who defeat Cloverhouse at London Hill, but are routed at Both- well Bridge.
1680 East India Company begins trading in China.
Execution of Lord Stafford, Dec. 29. Mississippi river explored by Hennepin. Charleston, South Carolina, founded. The Exclusion Bill, England. Origin of the Whig and Tory.
Mahratta power begins in India.
Joseph I. becomes Emperor of Germany.
1706 Defeat of the French at Ramilles. Battle of Turin.
The French raise the siege and surrender Naples and Lombardy.
Birth of Ben Franklin; died 1790.
Union of England and Scotland as the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Nuenburg seized and Lecklenburg pur- chased by Frederick I.
Holland, Germany and England at war against France.
First expedition against Port Royal, Nova Scotia, fails. Defeat of the allies at Almauze. Death of Aurungzebe. Birth of Fielding; died 1754. Birth of Buffon; died 1788.
1708 Mantua ceded to Joseph I., of Austria. The French squadron routed by the English, under Admiral Byng.
Discovery of Herculaneum.
1709 England determines upon the conquest of Canada.
Battle of Pultowa; Peter totally defeats Charles XII., of Sweden, who flies to Turkey.
14,000 swedish prisoners sent by Peter to colonize Siberia.
1709 Battle of Malplaquet; Marlborough again defeats the French.
Birth of Samuel Johnson; died 1784.
1710 Capture of Port Royal, Nova Scotia, by the English, and name changed to An- napolis. Rout of Spaniards, under Philip V., at battle of Almenava. Sacheverell's riots in Great Britain; dis- senting meeting houses destroyed, The\"Tattler" first published.
1711 Attack and repulse of English fleet on Quebec.
Russia at war with Turkey. Accession of Charles VI., of Germany. A slave market opened in Wall Street, New York.
Birth of Hume; died 1776.
1712 The principality of Meurs acquired by Prussia.
Peace of Aargau; end of the religious war in Switzerland. Accession of Charles as Emperor of Austria.
Birth of Rosseau; died 1779.
Capture of Madras by the French.
1747 The French invade Flanders. Stadtholdership revived in Holland. Execution of Lord Lovat in England. Klopstock's Messiah issued. Birth of David, painter; died 1825.
The Peace of Aix la Chapelle.
1748 The House of Austria confirmed in the possession of Milan.
France takes a part of Flanders.
1749 De La Jouquille becomes governor of Canada.
French encroach upon Nova Scotia. Birth of Goethe; died 1832. Birth of Laplace; died 1827.
From A. D. 1765 to the present thine, by Countries.
CHINA.
1793 Reception of the English Embassy at Pekin.
1812 Edict against Christianity because of Jesuits.
1816 Failure of Lord Ambert's Embassy.
1832 Kingdom of Korea established.
1834 Opium trade prohibited.
1839 Opium seized, causing trouble with British.
Chinese outrages in Canton. Hong Kong captured.
Naval battles.
1840 Trade with England forbidden by the Emperor.
Canton and coast blockaded.
War ends in a truce.
1841 War renewed owing to China's bad faith. Victory of the British.
Treaty giving England Hong Kong and $6,000,000, repudiated by Emperor.
18.2 Treaty of peace, at Nankin, with Eng- land, August 29.
Hong Kong ceded to England. The Chinese cities of Canton, Amoy, Foochoofoo, Ningpo and' Shanghae opened to British. China pays $21,000,000.
1843 Treaty ratified by Queen Victoria and the Emperor Taou-Kwang. Hong Kong charter issued, April 5.
1850 Rebellion in Quang-Si successful.
1853 Nankin and Shanghae taken by rebels.
1856 Renewal of war owing to Chinese out- rages on Europeans. Commodore Elliott, U. S. N., destroys Chinese fleet.
1857 Blockade of Canton.
1858 Capture of Canton by English and French. Treaty of Lord Elgin. Chinese pirates destroyed.
Canada granted to' French West India Company. "
1666 De Ruyter defeated by Monk. Mohawk villages destroyed. by the French.
Great fire in London.
1698
Birth of Hogarth, painter; died 1774. Death of Frontenac.
First Partition treaty, regulates Spanish succession, and cedes territory to France.
The Darien expedition sails.
Death of the Duke of Marlborough.
Admiral Byng executed, March 14. Dowlah, Viceroy of Bengal, captures Cal- cutta after a heroic defense by Holwell. The Black Hole tragedy, June 20.
1757 Fort William Henry, on Lake George, captured by Montcalm.
Lord Clive's victories in India; takes Calcutta, January 2; Chanderuagore, March 23.
Battle of Plassey, June 23, establishes English power in India.
Modern History at Oxford University. Guy's Hospital founded.
1725
Death of Peter the Great.
Frederick defeated in the battle of Ko- lin, May 18.
Defeat of Prussians at Battle of Breslau. Austria concludes treaty with France for division of Prussia.
Victory of Frederick in the battles of Rosbach, Nov. 5, and Lissa, Dec. 5. Attempted assassination of King Louis of France by Damiens.
1727 Death of George I., and. accession ef George II., in England, June 11. Death of Sir Isaac Newton. Birth of Goldsmith; died 1774.
1729
A city library founded in New York. Birth of Lessing; died 1781.
1730 Peter II., the last of the Romanofis, deposed.
Anne, Duchess of Courland and daughter of Ivan IV., becomes Empress of Rus- sia Birth of J. Watt; died 1819.
1731 Birth of Cavendish; died 1810.
1732
Birth of George Washington, Feby. 22. Georgia settled by Oglethorpe. . Birth of Wieland; died 1813.
1784 "Lettres Philosophiques" burnt by the hangman. Birth of Priestly; died 1804.
1735 Charles, the son of Philip V., conquers Naples and crowned king of the two Sicilies.
Birth of John Adams; died 1826.
1736 Marriage of Maria Theresa to Francis I., Duke of Lorraine.
173
War between Spain and Portugal. Birth of Mozart, musician; died 1792. Hungary again at war with the Turks. Birth of Gibbon, historian; died 1794.
1738 Birth of Benjamin West, painter; died 1820.
1739
Birth of Sir William Herschel; died 1822. England again declares war with Spain. Treaty of Belgrade between Russia, Aus- tria and Turkey.
Russia renounces her rights on the Black Sea.
Invasion of India by Persia. Delhi sacked by Nadir Shah.
Methodism begins in England.
Montreal captured by the English. Surrender of Canada to Great Britain. Death of George II., of England, and suc- cession of George III., Oct. 25. Berlin captured by the Austrians and Russians.
Battle of Torgan; defeat of the Austrians. Thurot's invasion of Ireland.
Coote retakes Arcot, India.
1761 George III. marries Charlotte Sophia, of Mecklenburg, Strelitz.
The French surrender Pondicherry, in India.
1675 Nabob of Oudh becomes tributary to British. East India Company made receiver of Bengal, Bahar and Orissa.
1766 Treaty with Nizam of the Deccan.
1767 Alliance of Nizam and Hyder Ali; who attack the British and are defeated at Vellore.
1769 Hyder Ali, a Musselman adventurer, marches on Madras and compels Eng- lish to form alliance.
1770 Terrible famine in Bengal. 1771. The Mahrattas enter Delhi.
1772 Warren Hastings becomes governor of Bengal.
1774 Office of Governor General created. Rohilla army defeated.
1775
Benares ceded to the East India Com- pany; charges of bribery against War- ren Hastings.
Copyright, 1905, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.
1744 Hostilities renewed in America between France and - England, known as King George's War.
Friesland annexed to Prussia.
1745 Capture of Louisburg by Massachusetts militia, under Pepperell. Francis I., Duke of Lorraine, consort of Maria Theresa, elected Emperor of Ger- many.
The young pretender lands at Moidart, Scotland.
Defeat of the Royalists at Preston Pans, Jan. 17, and invasion of England. Birth of Hannah More; died Birth of John Jay; died 1829.
Birth of Benjamin Rush; died 1813.
1746 Royalists again defeated at Falkirk, Jan. 17. Total defeat of the Pretender, at Cullo- den, April 16.
Victories of Marshal Saxe.
Invasion of Shirley, Nova Scotia. French and English struggle for pos- session of India.
1713 Treaty of Utrecht between the great powers, and terminates we wars of
Queen Anne.
Newfoundland and Nova Scotia ceded to England.
Italy divided; a part of the Duchy of Milan given to the Emperor of Austria. Barcelona, Spain, besieged, Frederick William I. becomes King of Prussia.
Peter takes the title of Emperor of Rus- sia.
Birth of Sterne; died 1768.
1714 Death of Queen Anne.
George I. becomes King of England, Aug. 1.
Hanovarian succession begins. Treaty of Rastadt; Austria acquires the Netherlands.
Birth of Whitefield; died 1770.
Birth of Gluck; died 1787.
1715 Rebellion in Scotland under the Earl of Mar
Battles of Preston and Sheriffmulr and defeat of the rebels.
Landing of the Chevilier at Peterhead, December 22.
Louis XV., King of France, with the Duke of Orleans Regent.
Austria acquires Naples, Milan, etc. Russia adds Esthonia, Levonia, and a large part of Finland to the Empire. Peter visits Germany, Holland and France.
New style of year introduced into Eng- land; Sept. 3 counted as Sept. 14. The Journals ordered to be printed by the British Parliament.
1753 Hostilities begin in the American colo- nies; French seize Hudson Bay Com- pany's trading posts; George Washing- ton sent to St. Pierre.
Charles III. King of Spain.
1754 Kentucky settled by Daniel Boone.
Peace between France and England in India.
Charles marries Catherine of Braganza, May 20.
1663
Canada becomes a royal government un- der Louis XIV.
Earthquake in Canada. Birth of Cotton Mather; died 1728. France begins war with Holland.
1664 New Jersey sold to Lord Berkeley; set- tled . at. Elizabethtown. The English take New Amsterdam and name it New York. North Carolina settled. De Courcelles governor in Canada. War with the Mohawks.
1695 Turks again invade Hungary. Bayle's Dictionary published. Abolition of censorship of the English press. Namur falls.
169€ 1697
Trinity Church, New York, founded. Peace of Ryswick.
Treaty between England, France, Spain and Holland.
Ostend East India Company founded. Mohammed Shah ascends the throne of India.
Robinson Crusoe published.
1720 Sardinia is made a kingdom. Law's Mississippi South Sea Bubble, and other schemes, collapse.
Widespread financial distress.
1721
Birth of Smollet; died 1771. Birth of Foote, actor; died 1777.
1722 The Pragmatic Sanction settles the Im- perial Crown of Germany on Maria Theresa.
1723 The Jesuits expelled from China. Birth of Reynolds, painter; died 1792. Birth of Adam Smith; died 1790. Birth of Blackstone, jurist; died 1780.
1699 Peace of Carlowitz, between Turks and the Allies.
The Morea ceded to Venice. Further explorations of the Mississippi. Fenelon's "Telemaque" issued.
1700 The French in Canada make peace with the Iroquois.
Second Partition treaty in Spain, declares the Arch Duke Charles next in sue- cession.
Charles II. of Spain, the last of the House of Austria, dies, and is suc- ceeded by Philip V., of the House of Bourbon.
1671 1672
Champs Elysees, Paris, planted. Birth of Steele; died 1729, Coude and Turenne overrun Holland. Perpetual edict of 1667 revoked. William of Orange, stadtholder. The De Witts assassinated in Holland. The Holland dikes opened, and French driven out.
The French acquire Pondicherry, India. Count de Frontenac, Governor of Can- ada. Paris Academy of Music founded. Birth of Addison; died 1719.
1673 Virginia granted to Arlington and Cul- pepper.
Discoveries of Marquette and Joliet in the northwest.
1674 Death of the poet John Milton. Discovery of the Mississippi. 1675 King Philip's war in New England. - Birth of Clarke; died 1729. William of Orange marries Mary. "Paradise Lost" first published.
1677
1678 Russia begins war with the Turks. Peace of Nimeguen, France England alarmed by Titus Oates, stories of a false "Popish plot."
Sir Edward Berry Godfrey found mur- dered.
1703 Peter founds St. Petersburgh, and makes it the capital of the empire. Portugal joins alliance against Spain and France.
1704 Battle of Blenheim; English and their allies, under Marlborough, victorious over the French.
The English capture Gibraltar. Peter abolishes the Strelitz, or royal body guard. England passes the Irish "Popery Act." Battle of Donan werth.
1705 Charles acknowledged King of Spain at Barcelona.
1681 La Salle sails down the Mississippi, and names Louisiana.
De Frontenac recalled from Canada, Reign of Ivan'and Peter I., the Great, in Russia.
Murder of La Salle, in Louisiana, The Cossacks subdued by Russia.
1682 William Penn settles in Pennsylvania. Delaware granted to Penn.
Sobieski, of Poland, raises the siege of Vienna.
1683 Disco rery of Rye House plot, to secure succession for Duke of Monmouth. Execution of Lord Russell, July 21, and Algernon Sydney, Dec. 7.
Canada renews war with the Iroquois. Mahomet. I. besieges Vienna, but fails. Greece invaded by the Venetians.
1684 Birth of Berkeley; died 1763.
1685 Revocation of Edict of Nantes; terrible persecutions of French and Protestants follow.
Accession of James II. of England. Argyle's' rebellion suppressed, and his execution.
Duke of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II., lands at Lyme, June 11; proclaimed king at Taunton, June 20.
1685 Battle of Segemoor, July 6; defeat and execution of Monmouth. Texas colonized by Spaniards. Birth of Handel; died 1759. Birth of Bach; died 1750. 1686 William Dampier lands in Australia. Louis marries Madame de Maintenon. Alliance between Russia and Poland against the Turks. Birth of Allan Ramsay; died 1757. Birth of Young; died 1765.
1687 Athens captured by the Venetians. Hungarian crown declared to be in the Austrian male line. Accession of Joseph I.
Madam Guyon, and the "Quietists," per- secuted,
1088 Trial and acquittal of the seven bishops, June 30.
Abdication and flight of James II., Dec. 23.
Landing of the Prince of Orange on English soil.
Bonsset's Variations issued. Birth of Pope; died 1744.
1689 William and Mary proclaimed King and Queen, Feb. 13.
James II. lands in Ireland. Peter the Great, sole sovereign in Russia. Cloverhouse's rebellion in Scotland sup- pressed.
King William's war.
French and Indians ravage New England frontier.
Canadian expedition fails.
The Toleration Act passes Parliament. Iroquois lay waste the Island of Mon- treal.
Frontenac again made Governor of Can- ada.
France at war with England.
Birth of Montesquieu; died 1755.
1690 French and Indians destroy Schenectady, New York.
Massacre of Salmon Falls. Siege of Londonderry.
British colonies in America resolve to invade Canada.
Diderot and D Alembert French Ency- clopedie.
Birth of Sheridan; died 1817.
Birth of James Madison; died 1836.
1752 The Marquis Duquesne Governor of Can- ada; he prepares for war with Great Britain and her colonies.
The French dispute the claim of Virginia to the valley of the Ohio.
Occupation of the Morea by Turkey. Rule of Cardinal Alberoni in Spain, Prussia and Sweden at war.
1662. Terrible earthquake in Pekin; 300,000 lives lost.
Act of Uniformity, May 19.
The Church of England restored.
1693 Battle of Marsaglia; the Duke of Savoy defeated by the French under Catinat.
1694 Bank of England established. Mary, Queen of England, dies.
Dictionary of French Academy issued. University of Halle founded. Birth of. Bishop Butler; died 1752. Birth of Voltaire; died 1778. Birth of Chesterfield; died 1773.
Peter, Czar of Russia, visits Holland and England, and learns useful trades. Peter suppresses the conspiracy of the Strelitz, and punishes its members with barbarous cruelty.
End of King William's war.
The French Academy of Sciences found- eđ.
1667 Perpetual edict abolishes office of stadt- holder in'Holland.
First Russian vessel built. Birth of Swift; died 1745.
New York City; 384 houses.
1668 Triple Alliance, England, Holland and Sweden united against France. Treaty of Lisbon. ..
Spain recognizes Portugal's independ- ence.
Russian ambassadors sent to: France and Spain.
1670 France and Sweden' break the triple Alliance, and declare war against Hol- land.
First settlements of English - in South Carolina.
1726 Prussia "concludes a league with Ger- many.
Birth of Hutton; died 1797.
Birth of Jonathan Trumbull; died 1804. Birth of Alexander Hamilton; died 1804. Birth of J. P. Kemble, actor; died 1823. Birth of Canova, sculptor; died 1822.
1758 Louisburg captured by the English, un- der Wolfe.
Cape Breton Island and Prince Edward's Island captured.
Abercrombie defeated by Montcalm, at Ticonderoga.
Fort Frontenac capitulates to Bradstreet; Fort George built.
General. Forbes captures Fort Duquesne from the French.
kerchau. Prussians defeated at the Battle of Hoch- The French seize Forts St. David and Ascot, India.
1759 Fort Niagara captured by the British, July 23.
The French abandon Ticonderoga and Crown Point.
Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
Death of the French and English com- manders, Montcalm and Wolfe, Sept. 13. Quebec surrenders to the English. Charles III., King of the two Sicilies, becomes King of Spain. The Prussians defeated in the battles of Minders, Cunersdorf and Maxen. The French driven back in India. England obtains much territory from Subadhar, of Deccan. Birth of Robert Burns; died 1796. Birth of Schiller; died 1805.
1890 British Consulate at Ching-Kung-Foo wrecked, Feb. 6.
1891 Floods and famine in the Northern Dis- tricts, April. 1894-5 War with Japan and continued defeats of the Chinese armies and navies. 1895 Peace concluded with Japan, China pay- ing a large indemnity and relinquish- ing her claims on Corea.
Massacre of missionaries in the interior. 1900' "Boxer" uprising in China.
1901 Chinese government agrees to terms de- manded by the powers.
1740 Death of the Emperor, Charles VI., of Germany, last of the male line of the House of Hapsburg. Maria Theresa, his daughter, becomes Queen of Hungary and Empress of Ger- many.
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia. Prussia advanced to the rank of a first- class power.
Ivan VI., an infant, emperor of Russia. New York Society Library founded. Swedenborg flourishes.
1762 Revolution at St. Petersburg. Peter III. murdered, and Catherine II., called the Great, becomes Empress of Russia.
Spain again declares war against Eng- land and Portugal, and invades the latter country.
Battles of Freiberg and Burkersdorf; Austrians defeated in Silesia, by Fred- erick
Jesuits banished from France.
1763
1742 The Elector of Bavaria elected Emperor of Germany as Charles VII.
1743 The French defeated at Dettingn by the English. Birth of Thomas Jefferson; died 1826.
Governor Murray appointed governor of Canada, and first introduces English laws.
1763 Close of the Seven Years' War. Treaty of Hubertsburg; Silesia added to Prussia.
Treaty of Madrid restores peace be- tween Spain, Portugal and England. John Wilkes arrested for sedition. Explorations of Willis and Carteret in Australia.
Great defeat of native princes, at battle of Buxar, India, Oct. 23. Pontiac's war; Indians capture English forts and massacre inhabitants. The Sandy Hook lighthouse first lighted. G. Granville, English Prime Minister. Birth- of J. Paul Richter; died 1825.
1764 Murder of Ivan VI., by order of the Em- press. Indians sue for peace. End of Pontiac's war.
British parliament decrees heavy duties on imports. The Pantheon, St. Genevieve, Paris, founded.
Modern History.
Birth of Playfair; died -
1750 Treaty of Madrid, between England and Spain.
The first theater in New York opened. Discovery of Pompeii.
Paoli's Corsican revolt, 1819.
175 Lord Clive takes Arcot, India.
Unsuccessful attack made on Quebec by the British fleet. Spain joins the "Grand Alliance" against France.
William III. lands in Ireland, June 10. Battle of the Boyne, July 1; James de- feated. French invasion of Spain. Aragon and Catalonia ravaged. Treaty of Limerick deprives James of power in Ireland, and grants amnesty to rebels.
Death of Louis the Great; accession of Louis XV., his grandson.
Fort Necessity built at Great Meadows; Washington surrenders it to De Vil- liere with honors of war.
Kings, now Columbia, College, New York, chartered.
Peace of Passavowitz. Austria gains additional territory. Russia expels the Jesuits. Turkey re-establishes supremacy in Greece.
Arch of St. Denis, Paris, completed.
1719 Battle of Glenshiel.
Frederick invades Saxony and captures Saxon army. Montcalm sent to Canada and seizes Os- wego, New York. The conquest of India begun by Great Britain.
1724 Philip V., of Spain, abdicates, but re- sumes power upon the death of Louis, his son.
"Wood's half-pence." Great excitement in Ireland.
Catherine I. becomes Empress of Russia. The New York Gazette founded. Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, es- tablished.
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