USA > Michigan > Wayne County > Detroit > The history of Detroit and Michigan; or, The metropolis illustrated; a chronological cyclopedia of the past and present, Vol I > Part 28
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FIRST WARD :- First District, all that portion
II6
ELECTIONS.
north of Brady Street; Second District, all that portion between Brady Street and Adelaide Street ; Third District, all that portion between Adelaide Street and Adams Avenue; Fourth District, all that portion south of Adams Avenue and east of Ran- dolph Street; Fifth District, the portion south of Adams Avenue and west of Randolph Street.
SECOND WARD :- First District, the portion north of Bagg Street; Second District, the portion between Bagg and High Streets; Third District, the portion between High Street and a line running through Adams Avenue to Grand River Avenue, thence westerly along said avenue to the intersection of First Street; Fourth District, the portion lying between the Third District and Michigan Avenue ; Fifth District, the portion lying south of Michigan Avenue.
THIRD WARD :- First District, the portion lying south of the center line of Fort Street ; Second District, the portion lying north of the center line of Fort Street, to Gratiot Avenue; Third District, the portion lying north of the center line of Gratiot Avenue and south of the center line of Wilkins Street; Fourth District, the portion north of Wil- kins Street.
FOURTH WARD :- First District, south of the center line of Michigan Avenue; Second District, between the center lines of Michigan and Grand River Avenues ; Third District, north of the center line of Pitcher Street ; Fourth District, between the center line of Pitcher Street and Grand River Avenue.
FIFTH WARD :- First District, south of the center line of Fort Street ; Second District, between the center lines of Fort Street and Gratiot Avenue ; Third District, between the center lines of Gratiot Avenue and Watson Street ; Fourth District, north of the center line of Watson Street.
, SIXTH WARD :- First District, south of the center of Abbott Street; Second District, between the center lines of Abbott and Plum Streets ; Third District, between the center lines of Plum Street and Grand River Avenue; Fourth District, north of the center line of Grand River Avenue.
SEVENTH WARD :- First District, all south of the center line of Fort Street; Second District, between the center lines of Fort and Maple Streets; Third District, between the center lines of Maple and Alfred Streets ; Fourth District, north of Alfred Street.
EIGHTH WARD :- First District, south of Baker Street ; Second District, between Baker and Locust Streets; Third District, between Locust and Myrtle Streets ; Fourth District, north of Myrtle Street.
NINTH WARD :- First District, south of Cro- ghan Street ; Second District, between Croghan and Jay Streets; Third District, between Jay and Detroit
Streets; Fourth District, portion north of Third District.
TENTH WARD :- First District, south of Baker Street ; Second District, between Baker Street and Michigan Avenue; Third District, between Michi- gan Avenue and Myrtle Street; Fourth District, north of Myrtle Street.
ELEVENTH WARD :- First District, south of Fort Street ; Second District, between Fort and Catharine Streets; Third District, between Cath- arine and German Streets; Fourth District, north of German Street.
TWELFTH WARD :- First District, south of Baker Street ; Second District, the portion lying between Baker Street and a line running along Butternut to Twenty-fourth Street, thence southerly through Twenty-fourth to the alley north of Michigan Avenue, and thence to west line of Porter Farm. Third District, all that portion lying north of Sec- ond District.
THIRTEENTH WARD :- First District, south of the center line of Fort Street; Second District, between Fort and German Streets; Third District, north of German Street.
FOURTEENTH WARD :- First District, all south of Dix Road ; Second District, all between Dix Road and Michigan Avenue; Third District, all north of Michigan Avenue.
FIFTEENTH WARD :- First District, all south of Lafayette Street and a line uniform therewith ; Sec- ond District, all north of Lafayette Street to Mack Road ; Third District, all north of Mack Road.
SIXTEENTH WARD :- First District, all south of Dix Road ; Second District, all north of Dix Road to Michigan Avenue; Third District, all north of Michigan Avenue.
Elections,-how conducted.
The Board of Aldermen, from time to time, deter- mines the several places at which the polls shall be held, and the city clerk advertises their location. Five inspectors of election for each district are elected at each city election, and one other is ap- pointed by the Board of Aldermen. The inspec- tors of each district appoint two clerks, whose duty it is to keep a list of all persons voting at the elec- tion. The ballot-boxes, the printed registry lists for each ward or district, and all necessary books and blanks for the election are furnished by the city clerk to the inspectors of election. It is the . duty of the inspectors to challenge the vote of any person whom they suspect is not a qualified voter. The inspectors must preserve order at the polls, and they are authorized and required to cause the arrest of any person who disturbs the good order of the polling places.
From the time of the incorporation in 1802, the
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ELECTIONS.
voting has always been by ballot. Each person de- livers his ballot, folded, to one of the inspectors, in presence of the board. The ballot must be of paper, written or printed, or partly written and partly printed, containing the names of all the persons for whom the elector intends to vote, and designating the office to which each person is intended to be chosen.
After the polls are closed the inspectors must carefully count the number of ballots, and compare the number with the number of electors registered on the poll lists. If the ballots in the box shall be found to exceed the whole number of names on the poll lists, they must be replaced in the box, and one of the inspectors must publicly draw out therefrom and destroy unopened, so many ballots as shall be equal to the excess. The ballots and poll lists agreeing, or being made, to agree, in the manner stated, the board must then proceed to canvass and estimate the votes, and draw up a statement of the result. Such statement shall set forth in words and at length the whole number of votes given for each office, the names of the persons for whom the votes were given, and the number of votes for each person; and one of said statements shall forthwith be delivered to the city clerk.
After examining the votes, and within seventy- two hours of the closing of the polls, the inspectors of each district must make and certify a full and true return thereof, which, together with the poll lists and ballots, must be delivered, carefully sealed, to the clerk of the city; at the same time one of their number is chosen to represent his district in the Board of City Canvassers; and the persons so chosen form the Board of Canvassers for the city. They must meet on the Saturday next after election, at three o'clock in the afternoon, at the city clerk's office, or in the common-council chamber, and pro- ceed to open and canvass the said returns, and de- clare the result of the election.
When two or more persons are found to have an equal number of votes for the same office, the elec- tion is determined by the drawing of lots, in the presence of the Board of Aldermen. The name of each person, written on a separate slip of paper, is deposited in a box or other receptacle, the presi- dent of the Board of Aldermen draws out one of said slips, and the person whose name is drawn is considered elected.
The mode of conducting State and county elec- tions is the same, except that the returns are made to the county clerk, and the inspectors, appointed by the inspectors of election in townships and wards to attend the county canvass, constitute the Board of County Canvassers, and meet on the Tuesday next following the election, before one o'clock in the afternoon, at the office of the county clerk, who is secretary of the board.
The following table of votes cast in Detroit, in various years, will give some idea of the growth of .
citizenship : 1820,-66. 1825,-115. 1835,-261. 1840,-671. 1845,-1,368. 1850,-1,443. 1855,- 4,824. 1860,-8,389. 1870,-11,323. 1875,-13,058. 1880,-21,676, 1887,-25,664.
The Michigan Club.
This Republican organization is the only political club in the city having regular meetings at which political questions are discussed.
It was organized in January, 1885, in a room in the Buhl Block. Its rooms were first opened at 95 West Fort Street ; in 1886 it moved opposite to the house known as number 92. The society has about 1,200 members, located in Detroit and throughout the State, who pay annual dues. A lunch is served each day at the rooms for a nominal sum, and members have the opportunity of discus- sing their lunch and the current social and political news. A reading room is well supplied with the leading papers in the State.
The notable events in the history of the club are the banquets given on the evenings of February 22, 1886 and 1887, at the Princess rink.
At the first banquet there were speeches by Sen- ator Palmer, Wm. M. Evarts, Gov. Foraker, of Ohio, Gen. J. A. Logan, and others.
At the second banquet addresses were delivered by Gov. Luce, Hon. C. A. Boutelle, of Maine, Hon. John S. Wise, of Virginia, and Hon. John P. Doll- iver, of Iowa.
The following have served as officers of the Club :
1885, President, C. H. Buhl ; Secretary and Treas- urer, H. A. Haigh.
1886, President, J. L. Edson ; Secretary, H. A. Haigh ; Treasurer, A. McLellan.
1887, President, C. A. Black ; Secretary, F. E. Farnsworth ; Treasurer, F. Woolfenden.
CHAPTER XX.
WAYNE COUNTY: ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND BOUNDARIES.
VIRGINIA, in 1778, erected all of the Northwest Territory into a county called Illinois. Subsequently, and before the surrender by the British, by procla- mation of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe, on July 16, 1792, all of what is now Michigan, with other terri- tory extending northward as far as Hudson's Bay, was included in the county of Kent. Under
American government the county of Wayne, the third organized in the Northwest Territory, was established by proclamation on August 15, 1796, by Winthrop Sargent, secretary of the Territory, and acting governor. A fac-simile of the proclamation is here given. The size of the original is fifteen by eighteen inches.
Proclamation
Acting as Governor of the Tanity of the routed dans Northwest of The river theo?
To ale fresones to Thom Low Ausents shot anon- Going
Micras by an oudename of Congress of the Mirrorth of Day one thirdnon w hundred and eighty scene for the suitement of the Tantory of the united states Northwest of the www . i.s . I .s Quedado What You the one Execution of furent ciul and somonat the Governowas shake on he, hefin Darsons of the same Sovitary and proceed from time to time is circumstances may require to lay and the same who Counties ine Towarships _ and shereos I appearing lame expedient that anos lowry should immediately beurre trindade the sacraments at Detail U." I do hereby or down and order that all and singular the Sands lying and being within the following Boondass VUy's begonnengs
A thermal of the loyahoga www aporsche que, and with
Bard Noty bother porta ger betweenvet and the Jascarwa branch of Me muskingum_ Iherce don He said branch to the this at the cabuying heav above Int Javancer herve by a los Sius a threat
Que) A ne my atwewerenothay to the outlaws part of the posting between the mumus of the "From the Masak and the Mamas of Sike Ever, Where Fort Wayne singland's _ Thence y a linestress What is the most authori pase of Sake Muligon - themeaning the western shores of the come to the North west past there of ( including the Sands nyon the wifiying into the said Sake , there by a due nos the Same to the territorial Boundary in Sake Superior any , with the said Boundary Arough Jokes Huron A Class and Que't the mouth of loya liga wers the place of Begaming - Shace by a County, Massea, and henceforth to be cyfrow the County of Higher which saco Tony that have and enjoy all and origuten the ausdiation, nights, Sigerta, Berlines and Formand Thus of essower toa County apertaining and which any other cody that nowis, or hereafter may be water and have out thater ought to enjoy con forme lig to the ordinance of lingry
In Testimony chef have hereusto ich my hand auxen freds The seat of the Ter. Matky this fitearth dayaugust in the Jarin last year of the lady pandance of the united States 1De que thousand seven hundred and timely ; Sus
FAC-SIMILE OF FIRST PROCLAMATION ESTABLISHING WAYNE COUNTY.
[x18]
WAYNE COUNTY: ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND BOUNDARIES.
119
The action of Sargent gave rise to a sharp cor- respondence between him and Governor St. Clair, and in a letter to Hon. James Ross, dated Septem- ber 6, 1796, Governor St. Clair says :
WAYNE COUNTY BY PROCLAMATION
August 15, 1796.
CANADA
Milwaukee,
. Detroit.
Chicago,
Cleveland.
Cuyahoga R.
Ft. Laurens.
Ft. Wayne. Et. Recovery. ( Shawzanese T. TUAW Chilicothe.
Tuscarawas R.
Muskingum B.
Sciota River.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. I.
DEAR SIR, --
On my arrival at this place, I found that the secretary had thought fit to accompany General Wayne to Detroit, and I have since learned, though not from himself, that he has laid out the country thereabouts into a county, and appointed the officers, among whom is Mr. Audrain, prothonotary.
WAYNE COUNTY After formation of Indiana Territory, By Law of May 7. 1800.
Detroit.
Cleveland,!
.Fl. Wayne,
Ft. Laurens.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. 2.
That circumstance has given me satisfaction, though I am dis- pleased at the proceeding generally, for it was not my intention to have moved in the business until I had received the directions of the President, which I had reason to expect; and two governors at one and the same time in the same country, and perhaps counter- acting each other, must impress these new subjects unfavorably with respect to the government they have fallen under. Some expedient, however, might have been found to render the impro- priety less striking, had I gone to Detroit; but the secretary having lately gone to Michilimacinac, my meeting him there, in the little time I could possibly stay, was very uncertain.
From other letters it appears that Governor St. Clair was at Pittsburgh when the county was organ- ized, and Sargent claimed that his action was justi- fied by the facts. He consulted the citizens as to what name should be given to the county, and they agreed that it should be named after General Anthony Wayne, who was then in the city, and sent him an address, notifying him of the fact. In reply they received the following :
WAYNE COUNTY
AFTER PROCLAMATION
OF
JULY 10, 1800.
Detroit.
Cleveland.
Et. Wayne, Co
AFt. Laurens.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- No. 3.
To the Cure and Inhabitants of Detroit, and the Officers, Civil and Military, of the County of Wayne :
GENTLEMEN,-
I have received with much pleasure your polite address of this date, which not only demands my grateful acknowledgment for the flattering testimonies it contains of your esteem, but affords me an opportunity to remark with what pleasure I have observed the general satisfaction which has appeared to prevail among the citizens of Detroit and its neighborhood upon the establishment of the government of the United States, and the alacrity and laud- able desire they have evinced to promote the due execution thereof; a conduct so wise, while it merits the warm regards of their fellow-citizens of the Union, must insure to themselves all the advantages which will flow from and be the natural effect of the administration of good laws, under so happy a government.
I will with much pleasure communicate to the President the warm sentiments of zeal and attachment which you have expressed toward the Government of the United States; and I cannot permit
I20
WAYNE COUNTY: ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND BOUNDARIES.
myself to depart hence without assuring you that I shall always take a peculiar interest in whatever may contribute to promote the happiness and prosperity of this county, to which my name has the honor to be attached.
I have the honor to be, gentlemen, with much esteem, Your most obedient and very humble servant,
ANT'Y WAYNE.
HEADQUARTERS, DETROIT, November 14, 1796.
WAYNE COUNTY After formation of State of Ohio, By Law of April 30, 1802.
Detroit.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- No. 4.
The boundaries of the county, as defined by Sar- gent, were as follows: "Beginning at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, upon Lake Erie, and with the said river to the portage between it and the Tuscarawa branch of the Muskingum, thence down the said branch to the forks, at the carrying place
WAYNE COUNTY BY PROCLAMATION
January 14, 1803.
Detroit.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. 5.
above Fort Lawrance,1 thence by a west line to the eastern boundary of Hamilton County (which is a due north line from the lower Shawnese Town, upon the Sciota River), thence by a line west-northerly to the southern part of the portage, between the Miamis of the Ohio and the St. Mary's River, thence by a line also west-northerly to the southwestern part of the portage, between the Wabash and the Miamis of Lake Erie, where Fort Wayne now stands, thence by a line west-northerly to the most southern part of Lake Michigan, thence along the western shores of the same to the northwest part thereof (including the lands lying upon the streams emptying into the said lake), thence by a due north line to the terri- torial boundary in Lake Superior, and with the said boundary through Lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, to the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, the place of beginning."
The creation of the Territory of Indiana, by Act of May 7, 1800, reduced the limits of the county about one half. Its boundaries were further cur-
WAYNE COUNTY After formation of Michigan Territory, By Law of Jan. 11, 1805.
C
. Detroit.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- No. 6.
tailed by proclamation of July 10, 1800, under which that part of Wayne County lying east of a point about five miles west of the present city of Sandusky was included in a new county, named Trumbull. The Act of April 30, 1802, which created the State of Ohio, attached this region to the Territory of Indiana. It therefore became necessary to define the boundary anew; and on January 14, 1803, William Henry Harrison, governor, and commander-in-chief of
1 Although the original says " Fort Lawrance," it is evidently a mistake arising from the pronunciation, as the fort in question was named Laurens, in 1778, in honor of the president of Congress.
WAYNE COUNTY: ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND BOUNDARIES.
I21
Indiana Territory, issued the following from Vin- cennes :
I, William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, by the authority vested in me by the ordinance for the government of the Territory, do ordain and declare that a county shall be formed in the northeastern part of the Territory, to be known and designated by the name and style of the county of Wayne. And the boundaries of said county shall be as follows: Beginning at a point where an east and west line, passing through the southern
WAYNE COUNTY BY PROCLAMATION
November 21, 1815.
White Rock,
Detroit.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. 7.
extremity of Lake Michigan, would intersect a north and south line passing through the most westerly extreme of said lake, thence north along the last mentioned line to the territorial boun- dary of the United States, thence along the said boundary line to a point where an east and west line, passing through the southerly extremity of Lake Michigan, would intersect the same, thence along the last mentioned line to the place of beginning.
WAYNE COUNTY BY PROCLAMATION
October 18, 1816.
Pere Marq'te R.
White Rock,
Detroit.
COPYRIGHT 1840, BY SILAS FARMER
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. 8.
The creation of the Territory of Michigan in 1805 changed the western boundary .of the county, slightly reducing its size.
The next change in boundary was made by proc- lamation of Governor Cass on November 21, 1815. Under the terms of that document, the county was made to include all of the Territory of Michigan to which Indian title had been extinguished.
By the terms of the treaty of Greenville, of August 3, 1795, the following territory constituted the region to which the Indian title had been extin- guished, and therefore defined the limits under his proclamation : " Beginning at the mouth of the Miami River of the Lakes, and running thence up to the middle thereof, to the mouth of the great Auglaize River; thence running due north, until it intersects a parallel of latitude to be drawn from the outlet of
WAYNE COUNTY BY PROCLAMATION July 14, 1817.
Pere Mary'te R.
White Rock,
Detroit
COPYRIGHT 1884, BY SILAS FARMER.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. 9.
Lake Huron, which forms the river St. Clair; thence running northeast, the course that may be found will lead in a direct line to White Rock in Lake Huron; thence due east until it intersects the boun- dary line between the United States and Upper Canada, in said lake ; thence southwardly following the same boundary line down said lake, through the river St. Clair, Lake St. Clair, and the river Detroit into Lake Erie, to a point due east of the aforesaid Miami River ; thence west to the place of begin- ning." Also, "The post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the island on which that post stands, and the main land adjacent, to which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English governments; and a piece of the main land to the north of the island, to measure six miles on Lake Huron, or the Strait between Lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend three miles back
122
WAYNE COUNTY: ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND BOUNDARIES.
from the water of the Lake or Strait; and also the Island de Bois' Blanc."
These two tracts included all of the present county of Wayne, and also the now existing coun- ties of Washtenaw, Livingston, Lenawee, Macomb, Monroe, St. Clair, Lapeer, and Oakland, with a large portion of Jackson, Ingham, Shiawassee, Genesee, Tuscola, Sanilac, and Huron counties, together with the Islands of Mackinaw and Bois Blanc, and a small strip of land on the main land north of these islands.
WAYNE COUNTY BY PROCLAMATION January 15, 1818. -OF
Detroit,
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. 10.
Less than a year after, on October 18, 1816, General Cass issued a new proclamation, adding the district of Mackinaw to the county. That district had been created by proclamation of Governor Hull
WAYNE COUNTY BY PROCLAMATION September 10, 1822.
Detroit.
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. II
on July 3, 1805, and its boundary was defined to " begin at the most western and northern point of the Bay of Saginaw, and shall run thence westwardly to the nearest part of the river Marquette ; thence along the southern bank thereof to Lake Michigan ; thence due west to the middle thereof; thence north, east, and south with the lines of the Territory of Michigan and the United States to the center of Lake Huron; thence in a straight line to the begin- ning."
It will be noticed that by this proclamation the county consisted of two tracts, entirely separate from each other. On July 14, 1817, the boundary of the county was curtailed on the south by the organization of Monroe County, which took in all of the old county of Wayne south of Town 3, of Ranges I to 9, to the Huron River.
WAYNE COUNTY After organization of Wash- tenaw County. By Act of Nov. 20, 1826.
Detroit,
MAP OF COUNTY BOUNDARY .- NO. 12.
By proclamation of January 15, 1818, organizing Macomb County, the "base line " of the United States survey in Michigan became the northern boundary of Wayne County.
The present limits of the county were established by proclamation of Governor Cass on September 10, 1822. On the same date Washtenaw County was laid out, to include all of the present county of Washtenaw, and also the four southeast towns of what is now Ingham County, the eight most eastern townships in Jackson County, and the southern half of the present Livingston County. Washtenaw County, however, was attached to Wayne County until it should be organized ; and for all practical purposes it remained a part of Wayne County up to the definite organization of Washtenaw County on November 20, 1826.
CHAPTER XXI.
COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES.
County Commissioners.
IN the early days of the county its financial affairs were managed by three county commission- ers, appointed by the Court of Quarter Sessions. Under an Act of May 30, 1818, the governor became the appointing power. On April 21, 1825, the office was made elective, and commissioners were to be chosen on the second Tuesday of October.
Ready money to meet the obligations of the county not being forthcoming, as early as 1818 the commissioners began the issue of due-bills, issuing, up to 1827, an average of $2,000 per year. From that time to 1833 they issued $1,000 yearly in bills of the denominations of $1.1212, $1.25, $1.3712, $1.50, $1.6212, $1.75, $1.8772, $3.00, $5.00, and $10.00. In 1830 these due-bills were at twenty-five per cent discount, but the board persevered, and in 1833 issued bills for $3,000, and in 1834 for $1,000. On October 7, 1837, the Board of Supervisors
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