USA > Michigan > Wayne County > Detroit > The history of Detroit and Michigan; or, The metropolis illustrated; a chronological cyclopedia of the past and present, Vol I > Part 29
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Resolved, that $4,oco, in small bills, be signed by the president and clerk, and delivered to the treasurer for change.
Under this resolution, the treasurer and clerk issued two hundred and fifty bills of $10 each, two hundred and fifty of $5.00 each, and two hundred and fifty of $1.00 each.
By Act of April 12, 1827, the office of county commissioner was abolished. The Revised Statutes of 1838 revived the office, and it continued until abolished by Act of February 10, 1842, which Act transferred the duties of the commissioners to the Board of Supervisors.
Under Northwest Territory, the county commis- sioners were : 1800 and 1801, B. Huntington, Jacques Campau, Jacob Visger. Under Indiana Territory, 1803, Charles Curry, Charles F. Chabert Joncaire, Francis Lasalle; 1804, Charles Moran, James Henry. Under Michigan Territory, 1818, William Brown, John R. Williams, Abraham Ed- · wards; 1819, James McCloskey, Robert Abbott; 1820, Abraham Edwards, William Brown, James McCloskey; 1821, P. J. Desnoyers; 1822 and 1823, A. Edwards, P. J. Desnoyers, J. P. Sheldon; 1824, Levi Cook, John Whipple, John P. Sheldon; 1825, L. Cook, J. Whipple, P. J. Desnoyers ; 1826-1827, James Williams, L. Cook, J. Whipple; 1839, R. Gil- lett, J. Shearer, B. F. Fox; 1840, S. Conant, J.
Shearer, B. F. Fox; 1841, Adolphus Brigham, S. Conant, J. Shearer ; 1842, Peter Godfroy, S. Conant, A. Brigham.
Board of Supervisors.
This body, in connection with the auditors, per- forms duties originally attended to by the Court of General Quarter Sessions and the county commis- sioners. By the Act of March 20, 1827, creating the board, they were authorized to examine, settle, and allow all accounts, and estimate the yearly expenses of the county; they were also authorized to repair county buildings, and to offer bounties for the killing of wolves and panthers. Their sessions were to be of not more than eight days' duration, and they were to be paid $1.00 per day each. An Act of March 20, 1837, increased their pay to $2.00, and it was subsequently made $3.00 per day. An Act of June 30, 1828, required them to meet the first Tuesday in October.
Under Act of June 26, 1832, sessions of the board were held on the first Tuesdays of March and October. By Act of 1842 they were required to meet on the first Monday of July and third Monday of September; but since the revision of the statutes in 1846, they have met only in October.
Since the Act of 1844, creating the Board of Auditors, the supervisors have had no control over the county expenditures, and might be called with propriety the Board of County Assessors. For a representative body, they have remarkably few legis- lative powers. Their chief duty consists in equal- izing the valuations of property and apportioning to each city and township its proportion of the taxes to be raised, these apportionments being based on the assessors' books of the city and the township rolls of the several townships.
Under Acts of April 13, 1827, and April 17, 1833, which treated the City of Detroit constructively as a township, the city, up to 1841, was represented on the board only by its one supervisor, elected for the purpose. After an existence of eleven years, under the General Statutes of 1838, the Board of Super- visors was discontinued, and its duties transferred to three county commissioners. By Act of February 10, 1842, the office of county commissioner was
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COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES.
abolished, and a Board of Supervisors was again provided for. Their first meeting was held on the first Monday of July, 1842. An Act of February 16, 1842, provided that the ward assessors of Detroit should act as supervisors. A subsequent Act of January 30, 1850, provided that the city should have but three assessors, instead of one for each ward, or six in all. The city thus lost three members of the board. However, it soon regained its quota, for by Act of April 8, 1851, the alderman of each ward having the shortest term was authorized to act as a supervisor on the board, and on February 5, 1857, the Legislature authorized the city assessor and both aldermen from each ward to meet with the board.
Up to the date of this last Act, unavailing strug- gles had been made yearly by the representatives of the city to secure such an equalization of the taxes as they deemed just, but their efforts were almost entirely futile.
Since the Act of 1857 the city has had an ever- increasing number of members on the board; and had the representatives of the city at any time united in any effort, they might have effected their purpose, as they had votes enough to outnum- ber the representatives from the rest of the county; but the justice of their cause, or their skill in man- agement, has enabled the supervisors from the townships to preserve nearly the same pro rata of assessment between city and county that has pre- vailed for many years past.
When any change is made in the relative amount of taxes to be paid by city and county, it has usually been done by raising or lowering the val- uations on either side, thus raising or lowering the percentage of the total tax that either was to pay. The city, in 1886, was paying nearly five sixths of the total of the county taxes.
The board meets on the second Monday in Octo- ber of each year; special sessions may be held to extend the time for payment of taxes, or for any purpose deemed important. The length of their sessions is not limited, but they are allowed by law to draw pay for only fifteen days, which is the usual duration of their sessions.
The increase in the number of persons composing the board, and in the number of members from De- troit, is shown by the following table :
1827-1830, 9 members, I of them from Detroit.
1830-1833, 10 I " 66
1833-1834, 12 I
1834-1835, 13 60
I
1835-1839, 16 I 66 66
1839-1842, No board in existence.
1842-1847, 22 members, 6 of them from Detroit.
1847-1848, 23
1848-1850, 24 6
66
1850-1851, 21 8
1851-1857, 26 members, 3 of them from Detroit.
1857-1870, 39
1870-1873, 41 1873-1876, 43
21
23
1876-1885, 47 1885-1886, 53
27
33
1886- , 54
33
It will be noticed that the number of members from country townships reached its maximum in 1848; the only increase in the board since then, out- side of members from Detroit, being from Wyandotte, two being admitted since 1870, and three since 1886.
Board of County Auditors.
This board divides with the Board of Supervisors the honor of succeeding to the powers of the county commissioners. The office was created by Act of March 11, 1844. Three auditors were to be elected in November, 1845, who were to decide, by lot, their first terms of one, two, and three years each. Auditors subsequently chosen were to be elected for three years, one annually at each general election ; and not more than one member of the board was to be elected from the same township, village, or city. The city of Detroit, though it always paid more than two thirds of the county taxes, was often with- out representation on the board. Greater equality was secured by the Act of May 31, 1883, which pro- vided that two members of the board must be residents of Detroit. By Act of February 12, 1855, in case of the expiration of a term of office in a year when no general election was to be held, the Board of Supervisors were authorized to fill the vacancy.
In importance, the office is second to none in the county. The board have vastly more power in county matters than aldermen have in city affairs. They have almost entire control of the county funds, and although they report to the Board of Supervisors, they are not subject to their directions, neither are they responsible to them, or in fact to any one but the chief executive of the State. It is their business to estimate the amount annually needed for county expenses, to audit all bills, and to make all disburse- ments on behalf of the county. They appoint three superintendents of the poor and two county phy- sicians.
Section 10 of Article 10 of the Constitution of 1850 provides that they shall have "exclusive power to prescribe and fix the compensation for all services rendered for, and to adjust all claims against " the county, "and the sum so fixed or defined shall be subject to no appeal."
The powers of the auditors were further enlarged by Act of May 24, 1879, and since January 1, 1881, they have had power to "determine the number of clerks to be employed in all county offices and the
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COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES.
wages to be paid them, to fix the compensation of the coroners and the salaries of all county offices. They also keep a record of all the receipts and ex- penditures of the County Treasurer, countersigning all tax receipts issued by him. They are authorized to pay the Treasurer from $3,000 to $5,000 ; and the Judge of Probate, Prosecuting Attorney, County Clerk, and Register of Deeds, from $2,500 to $3,500 each." Under the same Act, "All fees of whatever kind, collected for services performed in these offices, are required to be turned over to the County Treas- ury." The salary of each auditor, which was for- merly $1,000, was increased to $1,200 by Act of April 13, 1873, and a further Act of May 19, 1883, provided that the circuit judges of the county might fix it at any amount, not less than $1,200, nor more than $2,500. The larger sum was fixed as the salary.
The following persons have served as auditors :
1845, William B. Hunt, Job Smith, A. H. Otis; 1846, William B. Hunt, J. Smith, H. Fralick; 1847-1848, Ammon Brown, William B. Hunt, H. Fralick; 1849-1852, H. Saunders, A. Brown, Wil- liam B. Hunt; 1852, S. Poupard, James Safford, A. Brown; 1853, S. Poupard, James Safford, D. L. Quirk; 1854, J. Safford, D. L. Quirk, M. Anderson; 1855-1857, M. Anderson, S. Poupard, G. Carson; 1857-1860, M. Anderson, G. Carson, D. Sackett; 1860, M. Anderson, Geo. Carson, W. H. Craig; 1861, Charles Steward, M. Anderson, W. H. Craig; 1862, W. H. Craig, Charles Steward, William Taft; 1863, John Hull, Charles Steward, William Taft; 1864, John Hull, Geo. Carson, William Taft; 1864- 1867, John Patton, George Carson, Benj. Sackett; 1867, John Patton, Alex. Blue, Benj. Sackett; 1868, J. Patton, Alex. Blue, James A. Visger; 1869-1873, A. Blue, Michael Kennedy, J. A. Visger; 1873, J. A. Visger, Samuel Zug, John S. Tibbets; 1874, S. Zug, J. S. Tibbets, T. G. Limbocker ; 1875, J. S. Tib- bets, T. G. Limbocker James Holihan ; 1876-1878, T. G. Limbocker, J. Holihan, William Sales; 1878- 1879, William Sales, H. B. Thayer, G. F. Pillard ; 1880-1883, W. Sales, J. Holihan, G. F. Pillard; 1883- 1884, W. Sales, A. Michie, G. F. Pillard ; 1884-1885, W. Sales, A. Michie, J. Sheahan ; 1885, C. G. Moran, A. Michie, J. Sheahan ; 1886-1888, A. Michic, C. G. Moran, W. C. Mahoney ; 1888- A. Michie, W. C. Mahoney, C. P. Collins.
County Treasurer.
This office dates from August 1, 1792, under an Act of the Northwest Territory which provided for the appointment by the governor of a county treasurer, who was required to give $1,500 bonds, and received five per cent of the moneys coming into his hands as compensation for his services. By Act of De- cember 17, 1799, his bonds were increased to $3,000.
Under the Territory of Indiana, and also of Michi- gan, the governor continued to appoint the treasurer. By law of November 25, 1817, he was to be paid by a percentage on all moneys which he received and paid out. Under the same law Duncan Reid became the first and only assessor the county has ever had. Under Act of April 21, 1825, the com- mission of the treasurer then in office ceased, and after 1826 county treasurers were elected. The term lasted but a year. By Act of April 13, 1827, the term was lengthened to three years. Act of June 26, 1832, made the treasurer the auditor as well, but his action was subject to revision by the Board of Supervisors. An Act of April 13, 1833, provided that the treasurer should retain for his services not over three per cent of the moneys received by him; and any excess over one hundred dollars was to be credited to the county.
Under and since the Constitution of 1835, the treasurer has been elected for terms of two years. The profits of the office, in former years, consisted not only in the salary received, but in the interest received on county funds, deposited with, or loaned out, to banks or individuals. Up to 1881 the treas- urers furnished their own books, and took them away when their term closed. Many important details of past doings are, therefore, not in possession of the public. An Act of May 27, 1879, provided that after January 1, 1881, the books of the treas- urer should be provided and owned by the county, and that the treasurer should deposit his receipts daily in some bank, to be designated by himself and the auditors jointly, and that the funds should be drawn out only on the order of the auditors and the treasurer.
Under law of May 24, 1879, and from January I, 1881, the salary of the treasurer has been $5,000. His assistants are paid by the county.
The county treasurers have been as follows :
1801-1805, Matthew Ernest; 1805, Richard Smyth; November 26, 1817, to October 17, 1825, Conrad Ten Eyck ; October 17, 1825-1833, Peter Desnoyers; 1833-1836, D. French; 1836, Elliot Gray ; 1837-1840, G. Spencer ; 1840-1843, R. Gil- lett ; 1843-1845, Peter Desnoyers ; 1845-1850, D. J. Campau ; 1850, J. B. Schick ; 1851-1855, G. M. Rich; 1855-1857, William Harsha ; 1857-1861, G. M. Rich; 1861-1863, John Bloynk; 1863-1867, George Miller ; 1867-1869, E. P. Benoit; 1869- 1873, Paul Gies; 1873-1875, John F. W. Thon; ,1875-1879, George H. Stellwagen; 1879-1883, Calvin B. Crosby ; 1883-1887, B. Youngblood; 1887- , Ralph Phelps, Jr.
County Clerk.
This office was unknown to Wayne County until created by Act of May 8, 1820, which provided
I26
COUNTY OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES.
that the clerk of the county courts should act as clerk of the county. On November 5, 1829, additional provision was made for this officer, and he was to be paid by the fees received.
Formerly the clerk received $2,500 a year and fees, his deputy clerks being paid by the county. An Act of April 19, 1873, increased his salary to $6,000, with fees additional, and he was to pay his own assistants. By law of 1879, and since January I, 1881, all fees received by him are paid to the county treasurer, and his salary, of not more than $3,000, is fixed by the county auditors.
From 1850 to 1,873 the county clerk, or his deputy, was clerk of the Supreme Court of the State at the terms held in Detroit. At the present time he is clerk of the Board of Supervisors and of the Circuit Court. All of the township officers report to him. . All the records of the Circuit Court, . the naturalization papers, and the election returns for the county are deposited in his office. All arti- cles of incorporation of all societies, and business corporations of every kind, also partnership agree- ments, and all marriages, and the yearly record of births and deaths are recorded in his office.
The county clerks have been as follows: 1826, Philip Lecuyer ; 1827 and 1828, Jeremiah V. R. Ten Eyck; 1829-1832, James B. Whipple; 1832-1836, Isaac S. Rowland ; 1836, G. Mott Williams; 1837, T. E. Tallman; 1838-1841, Charles Peltier; 1841 and 1842, Theodore Williams; 1843-1847, George R. Griswold; 1847 and 1848, D. C. Holbrook; 1849 and 1850, S. A. Bagg; 1851 and 1852, Jeremiah Van Rensselaer ; 1853-1857, E. Hawley, Jr .; 1857- 1861, Enos T. Throop; 1861 and 1862, David Walker ; 1863 and 1864, Jared Patchin; 1865-1869, J. D. Weir; 1869-1873, Stephen P. Purdy ; 1873- 1877, Ray Haddock; 1877-1879, J. Sheahan ; 1879- 1883, R. A. Liggett ; 1883-1887, J. J. Enright ; 1887- W. P. Lane.
County Superintendent of Schools.
This office was created by Act of March 13, 1867, with the design of promoting the efficiency of coun- try schools. The salary was from $1,000 to $1,500. The office was abolished by Act of March 20, 1875, which provided for township superintendents.
The following persons served as County Super-
intendents : 1867-1873, Lester R. Brown; 1873- 1876, G. C. Gordon.
Drain Commissioners.
Provision was first made for this office by law of March 15, 1861, when the Board of Supervisors was given power to appoint three Drain Commissioners. By law of March 22, 1869, only one was to be chosen, and he was to be elected on the first Mon- day in April, to serve for one year, and not to be paid over $4.00 a day. A further law of April 13, 1871, provided for the election of a drain commis- sioner in each township, to locate and construct ditches for drainage purposes; and all ditches were to be made under his direction.
The following have served as county commis- sioners :
1861-1864, T. P. Martin, L. J. Ford, F. M. Wing; 1864-1866, T. P. Martin, Alexander Blue, L. J. Ford; 1866, Jared Davidson, David Sackett, Har- vey Merrell; 1867-1869, H. Merrell, J. Davidson, Peter Ternes; 1869-1871, H. Merrell; 1871-1873, Amos Otis; 1873, Seth Smith; 1874, T. P. Martin; 1875-1884, Wellington Ellis; 1884-1887, W. Whit- acre; 1887- , P. C. Bird.
County Surveyor.
This officer is the legitimate successor of the office of district surveyor, which was authorized by Acts of September 14, 1806, and June 8, 1819. The offi- cer was appointed by the governor, and paid by the fees received. By Act of July 31, 1830, each county was designated as a surveyor's district, and one sur- veyor for each was to be appointed by the governor. Under and since the Constitution of 1835, county surveyors are elected with other county officers, serve two years, and they have no salary.
The following have served as county surveyors :
1830, John Mullett; 1831-1837, John Farmer; 1837-1841, Eli Bradshaw; 1841-1849, E. Hawley, Jr .; 1849-1851, William H. Brown; 1851-1853, Henry Brevoort, Jr .; 1853-1855, Thomas Campau; 1855-1860, N. Thelan; 1860, David Granger; 1861 1863, William B. Knapp; 1863-1865, William Ives; 1865-1869, N. Thelan; 1869-1873, A. H. Wilmarth, 1873-1875, E. J. Goodell; 1875-1877, L. D. Harris; 1887-1881, C. H. Ellis; 1881-1885, E. Goodell; 1885- , Milo B. Davis.
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CHAPTER XXII.
THE TOWNSHIPS OF WAYNE COUNTY .- DERIVATION OF TOWNSHIP NAMES .- TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.
TOWNSHIPS.
BY law of the Northwest Territory, of November 6, 1790, the Court of Quarter Sessions was author- ized to divide counties into townships. According- ly, as early as November 1, 1798, four townships had been created in Wayne County, namely, De- troit, Mackinaw, Sargent, and Hamtramck. In 1802, or earlier, the township of St. Clair was or- ganized. On June 8, 1803, the township of Macki- naw was newly defined. On December 21, 1803, the township of Detroit was extended so as to in- clude the farm of John Askin, and on June 4, 1805, it was again extended as far as Huron River, and to include Grosse Isle. On January 5, 1818, Governor Cass established the townships of Springwells, Ham- tramck, Moguago, Huron, and St. Clair.
The rear line of the Private Claims along the river constituted the western boundary of these townships. It was not until the county had been narrowed to its present dimensions that it was all divided into townships. Simultaneously with the creation of the Board of Supervisors, on April 12, 1827, boundaries were established for the townships of Detroit, Springwells, Hamtramck, Monguagon, Brownstown, Plymouth, Ecorce, Huron, and Buck- lin. On October 29, 1829, Nankin and Pekin town- ships were created out of the township of Bucklin, which ceased to exist. On March 21, 1833, the township name of Pekin was changed to Redford, and by a law which took effect on April 1, 1833, the township of Dearborn was created out of part of the same township. On October 23, 1834, by procla- mation of Governor Porter, the name of the town- ship of Dearborn was changed to Bucklin, and by Act of March 26, 1836, it was changed back again to Dearborn.
On March 31, 1833, the township of Greenfield was formed out of part of the township of Spring- wells. On March 7, 1834, the township of Canton was formed out of Plymouth. The township of Livonia was created on March 17, 1835; it had been embraced, first in the township of Bucklin, and then in Nankin. The township of Romulus was formed out of Huron, by Act of the same date. By law, taking effect April 6, 1835, Van Buren was
formed out of part of Huron. Sumpter was organ- ized on April 6, 1840. On February 16, 1842, a part of Brownstown was attached to Monguagon. On March 19, 1845, the name of Romulus was changed to Wayne, and on January 26, 1848, was changed back again to Romulus. Taylor was created out of Ecorce, on April 1, 1847, and Grosse Pointe out of Hamtramck on April 1, 1848. On March 3, 1849, Grosse Pointe was increased in size by the addi- tion of territory from Hamtramck. On April 2, 1850, Greenfield was enlarged by the addition of territory from Springwells, and on March 25, 1873, it was diminished by taking from it certain territory, which was added to Springwells. The Acts of 1832 and 1836, enlarging the limits of the city, took cer- tain territory from Hamtramck, a portion of which was restored in 1842. In 1857 and in 1875 other territory from Hamtramck was added to Detroit. The township of Springwells contributed a portion of territory to Detroit, by Acts of 1849, 1857, and 1875; and a small portion was also taken from Greenfield and added to Detroit in 1875.
In 1887 the limits of the several townships were as follows :
Brownstown was bounded on the north by the town line between Towns 3 and 4 south of R 10 E; on the south by the Huron River ; on the east by a line running south through the centers of Sections 2, 11, 14, 23, and 26, and thence east on the south line of Sections 26 and 25 to the Detroit River ; and on the west by the town line between Ranges 9 and IO.
Canton included all of Town 2 South Range 8 east.
Dearborn was bounded on the north by the town line between Towns I and 2 south of Range 10 east ; on the south by the town lines between Towns 2 and 3 of Range 10 east ; on the east by the town line between Ranges 10 and II east, the west boun- daries of Private Claims 670 and 31, and a line there- from extending to the river Rouge.
Ecorce was bounded on the north by the river Rouge; on the south by the town line between Towns 3 and 4 south of Ranges 10 and II; on the east by the Detroit River; and on the west by the
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DERIVATION OF TOWNSHIP NAMES.
west line of Private Claim 31, and the section line on the west side of Sections 2, 11, 14, 23, 26, and 35, of Town 3 South Range 10 east.
Grosse Pointe was bounded on the north by the county line ; on the south and east by Detroit River and Lake St. Clair; on the west by the section line on west side of Sections 2 and II in Town I south of Range 12 east, by the north line of Private Claim 394 and Connor's Creek, the section line on east side of Section 22, and the west line of Private Claim 725.
Greenfield was bounded on the north by the county line; on the south by a line running east and west through the center of Sections 4, 5, and 6 in Town 2 of Range II east, extending east until it intersects a line drawn parallel with the east line of Private Claim 260, and thence east along the rear line of farms to a point 200 feet west of the boule- vard, and thence north and east by the bound- ary line of the City of Detroit; on the east by the town line between Ranges 11 and 12, the north line of the Ten-Thousand- Acre Tract, and the Pontiac Road; on the west by the town line between Ranges 10 and II.
Hamtramck was bounded on the north by the county line; on the south by the Detroit River and the south line of the Ten-Thousand-Acre Tract and the quarter line of Section 28; on the east by the west boundary of Grosse Pointe; and on the west by the east boundary of Greenfield and the city of Detroit.
Huron included all of Town 4 south of Range 9 east.
Livonia included all of Town I south of Range 9 east.
Monguagon was bounded on the north by the town line between Towns 3 and 4; on the south by the south line of Sections 25 and 26 in Town 4 south, Range 10 east, and included all of Grosse Isle on the east; on the west it was bounded by a line running north and south through the center of Sections 2, 11, 14, 23, and 26.
Nankin included all of Town 2 south of Range 9 east.
Plymouth included all of Town I south of Range 8 east.
Redford included all of Town I south of Range IO east.
Romulus included all of Town 3 south of Range 9 east.
Springwells was bounded on the north by the south boundary of Greenfield; on the south by the river Rouge; on the east by the City of De- troit ; and on the west by the east boundary of Dearborn.
Sumpter included all of Town 4 south of Range 8 east.
Taylor included all of Town 3 south of Range
IO east, lying west of the west line of Sections 2, II, 14, 23, 26, and 35.
Van Buren included all of Town 3 south of Range 8 east.
DERIVATION OF TOWNSHIP NAMES.
Hamtramck was named in honor of Colonel John F. Hamtramck, first United States commander of Detroit.
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