USA > Mississippi > Newton County > History of Newton County, Mississippi from 1834 to 1894 > Part 1
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30
Go 976.201 N48b 1969322
M.
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
3 1833 02282 2396
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016
https://archive.org/details/historyofnewtonc00brow
HISTORY ~
OF
NEWTON COUNTY,
MISSISSIPPI,
FROM 1834 TO 1894.
PUBLIC LIBRARY
BY A. J. BROWN
OF NEWTON COUNTY.
JACKSON, MISS .: CLARION-LEDGER COMPANY.
1894.
УЯОТГІН
YTNUOD NOTWEN
THE FABrIC FIREVER
COUL LIVIME Y VITELI COP RID
199122122IM
реві от резі моят
ускафините СОЛЬИХ
1969322
JUDGE JOHN WATTS.
ssceder
ETTAW WHOL BOXUL
PREFACE.
0.0. 2004
THE writer of this History entertains the hope that his labors will be appreciated not only by resident citizens of Newton county, and those who formerly lived there, but that they will be found of some interest and value to the general reader. He has endeavored not only to give a full and faithful chronicle of local events and personages, but in discussing the war and reconstruction periods, necessarily referred to matters of State and national interest. And what has thus been accomplished in the case of Newton county may be done in many other counties of the State. It will require much patience and perseverance, but the peo- ple will respond generously to any earnest effort in that direc. tion. In this way many facts and incidents will be pre- served from oblivion, and the names of men and women who have served well their day and generation will be cherished in perpetual remembrance.
79-E-E OS LES Puespice
It is the purpose of the writer to speak of some things but partially understood by the older citizens, and of many transactions entirely unknown to the younger people of the county, for forty years, and to place before the public the most important persons of that period, will be a part of this work. To give the early appearance of the county ; earliest settlers; first public buildings; as well as private enterprises, will engage the attention of the writer. All this important information will be derived from men and wmen who have lived in the county from fifty-five to sixty yars.
'he information necessary to "write up" the war period
1
VI
PREFACE.
will also be obtained from active participants, as it is only from those sources that reliable data can be had. The child of the future will be as anxious to know what part his ancestors took in the late war between the States as the young man of the present.
The old people now in the county who can give informa- tion of the early settlement will soon be gone. The old sol- diers that enlisted from 1861 to the close of the war will soon be numbered with the great majority who have passed over the river; but placed upon the pages of history, they will be handed down to future generations.
In this work a period of sixty years will be embraced, from 1834 to 1894. The best efforts have been made to have statements correct. Federal, State, county and rail- road records have been used in gaining the data needed. The loss of the public records of the county by fire has greatly increased the difficulties of preparing this volume, and should any inaccuracies or omissions appear, this fact is suggested in extenuation.
To those who have so generously assisted in giving this information, and others who have so ably contributed to this work, the thanks of the writer are most gratefully ac- knowledged, with a hope that a perusal of its contents may both benefit and instruct.
Resspoctfully submitted by
THE AUTHOR.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
JUDGE JOHN WATTS.
Frontispiece
1
COURT HOUSE
Page 103
R. H. HENRY.
Page 197
DR. J. B. BAILEY.
Page 225
BAPTIST CHURCH AT DECATUR
Page 263
NEW METHODIST CHURCH AT NEWTON
Page 335
MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGE AT NEWTON
Page 349
HICKORY INSTITUTE
Page 359
. ELDER N. L. CLARKE.
Page 397
A. B. AMIS, EsQ
Page 463
A. W. WHATLEY, EsQ.
Page 467
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Organization of County-Commissioners-for whom County named-pages I to 3.
CHAPTER II.
The Indians, first Settlers-Their Removal-Legendary Accounts of the Tribes-Present Number and Condition-Missionaries-pages 3 to 13.
CHAPTER III. Indian Ball Play-Visit to Indian Church-Old and New Customs-pages 14 to 27.
CHAPTER IV.
Number of White Settlers when first organized-Face of the Country- Game-Style of Society-Ardent Spirits-Morals af the People-pages 28 to 35.
CHAPTER V.
First Officers-First Representatives-First White Settlers-Grasses and Stock Range-Wild Fruits-pages 36 to 44,
CHAPTER VI.
Settlement of Decatur, the County Seat-Number of Men Killed there from First Settlement to 1861-Decatur Bank, its Failure-Churches- pages 45 to 52.
.
aTVIETY
X
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII.
Character of Lands-Market for Stock and Cattle-What was Made on the Farm-Home-Made Clothing-Population first Ten Years-pages 53 to 57.
CHAPTER VIII.
Attempts to Move Court House from Decatur-Re-building Court Houses -Influx of Population-Old-Time Teachers-Number of Schools now in County-Annual Cost-Enrollment and Attendance-pages 58 to 67. 1
CHAPTER IX.
First Railroad Through County-Railroad Lands-Advantages of Rail- roads-Railroad Tax now Paid County-pages 68 to 74.
-
CHAPTER X.
The Civil War Period-Secession of the State-The First Company to leave for the War-Scenes at its Departure-Total Enlistments in the County-pages 75 to 82.
CHAPTER XI.
Military Companies that went from the County-Their Officers, Num . bers, Battles, Casualties-pages 83 to 99.
CHAPTER XII.
The Problem of Feeding and Clothing the Army-The Blockade-High Price of Cotton-Scarcity of Salt-Planting of Cereals-Our Patriotic Women-Their Labors and Sacrifices-100 to 107-Tribute to the Women of the South, by Capt. J. J. Hood-pages 107 to 114.
CHAPTER XIII.
Grierson's Raid-Sherman's March from Vicksburg to Meridian-Both Pay their Respects to the Farmers of Newton County-pages 115 to 120.
XI
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIV.
Condition of Country After Sherman's March-Depreciated Currency and High Price of Goods-Confederate "Tax in Kind"-Value of Slave Property Freed by the War-Confidence in President Davis-The Collapse and Consequent Confusion-The People Take Courage and Enter on a New Experience-pages 121 to 127.
CHAPTER XV.
The New Order of Things-Labor Contract with Freedmen-The Deed of Trust Law-Reconstruction-Removal of Gov. Humphreys-Consti- tution of 1868-Jas. L. Alcorn Elected Governor-Ames and Revels Elected U. S. Senators-R. C. Powers Elected Governor-Heavy Tax- ation-Emancipation from Alien Rule-Administrations of Governors John M. Stone and Robert Lowry-The Convention and Constitution of 1892-The Cotton Crops from 1866 to 1894-pages 128 to 140.
CHAPTER XVI.
Introduction and Use of Commercial Fertilizers-Great Benefit to the County-Official Analysis of the Principal Brands-pages 140 to 156.
-
CHAPTER XVII.
Reconstruction Period-Removal of Gov. Humphreys and Attorney- General Hooker-Political Excitement-The Reign of Carpet-Baggers, Scalawags and Negro Teachers-The Election of 1869-Alcorn Chosen Governor-Brilliant Canvass by Gen. Robert Lowry-pages 157 to 161.
CHAPTER XVIII.
Freedmen's Bureaus-Race Troubles-The Dennis Brothers-Arrests- pages 162 to 172.
CHAPTER XIX.
Secret Political Organizations-Arrest of Prominent Citizens, Notably, T. M. Scanlan-The "Black and Tan Convention"-Extravagance and Corruption-Proscription Clauses of Constitution of 1868 Rejected by the People-A Solid South-pages 173 to 181.
1
XII
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XX.
The Year of Jubilee, 1875-Tax-Payers' Convention-Enormous Increase of Taxation, amounting to Confiscation-Democratic State Convention of 1875-Presided Over by Ex-Governor Clarke; Addressed by Col. Lamar ; Gen. George Elected Chairman State Executive Committee- Riots at Vicksburg and Clinton-Citizens interview Gov. Ames-Rad- ical Ranks Broken-A. K. Davis Impeached-Cardoza and Ames al- lowed to Resign-John M. Stone Becomes Governor-Home Rule Inaugurated-pages 182 to 185.
CHAPTER XXI.
Prominent Men of all Classes-Lawyers, Physicians, Preachers, Politicians, Merchants and Other Citizens in all the Walks of Life-pages 186 to 193.
CHAPTER XXII.
Newspapers of the County and their Editors-The Newton Ledger, and Portrait of R. H. Henry ; New Democrat, Newton Bulletin, The Re- port, The Free Press, The Dispatch, The Mississippi Baptist, Cone- hatta Index, Newton County Progress-Commercial-Duty to Pat- ronize the County Paper-pages 194 to 206.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Introduction of the Grange-The Alliance-Their Influence in Politics and Effect on Society-Good Results of the Grange-Officers of County Grange and Local Granges-The State Grange-pages 206 to 223.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Patrons' Union-Its Benefits as an Educator-Organization, Location, Value of Property-How Exercises Conducted-Officers-Camp Meet- ings and Normal Institutes-Portrait of Dr. J. B. Bailey, President- pages 224 to 236.
--
CHAPTER XXV.
Benevoleut and Secret Orders: Masons, Knights of Honor, Knights of Pythias-Large Sums Paid to Beneficiaries-pages 237 to 239.
XIII
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXVI.
Free Schools in County-How Attended-Number of Educable Children in County-State Colleges-Schools in County, Teachers and Cost- Indian Schools-Text-Books-Should be a Uniform Series for State- pages 240 to 260.
CHAPTER XXVII.
Religious Denominations in the County-Churches and Membership-Pic- ture of Church at Decatur-pages 261 to 273.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Sabbath Schools - Number in County-Teachers and Scholars - The County Sunday School Convention-The Sunday School a Special Attraction to the Colored People-pages 274 to 279.
CHAPTER XXIX.
A Law-Abiding, Orderly People -Sobriety and Good Morals the Rule- Harmonious Relations of the Races-The Negro knows his Place and keeps it-The White Caps-pages 280 to 283.
CHAPTER XXX.
Land Acreage and Value-Railroad Grant-Timbers and Grasses-Creeks and other Streams-Agricultural Productions-pages 284 to 293.
CHAPTER XXXI.
Products Shipped by Rail-The Lumber Interest-Cotton Gins, Planing Mills-Profitable Timber-pages 294 to 297.
CHAPTER XXXII.
Stock-Raising-Number of Horses and Mules in County-No Large Buyers, but Sellers-Poultry Raising-the Egg Industry-pages 298 to 305.
1 ...
XIV
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
'County Taxation-Value of Land and Live Stock-Advice to the Young Farmers of Newton-pages 306 to 308.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Spirit of Improvement-Quality of Dwelling Houses now being Built,- Improved Fencing-The Stock Law-pages 309 to 313.
-
CHAPTER XXXV.
Advantages of Co-operation-Emigration vs. Immigration-Health of the County-Young People Disposed to Marry at Home-Abundant and Good Water and Rich Soil-Good Society-Some Suggestions to all Classes-Elements of Prosperity-Population - Rate of Taxation- pages 314 to 320.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Professional Men of the County : Lawyers, Physicians, Teachers-Some of the Good Old Doctors-pages 321 to 327.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Various Towns of the County-First Settlement of Each-Professional and Business Men and other Citizens-The Court-Houses Built and Burned -Pictures of the New Methodist Church at Newton and Hickory In- stitute-pages 238 to 265.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
County Officers Since Organization of County-Senators and Representa- tives from 1837 to 1894-pages 366 to 370.
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Circuit Judges : Thos. S. Sterling, Henry Mounger, A. B. Dawson, John Watts, Jonathan Tarbell, R. E. Leachman, A. G. Mayers. Chancel- lors : Thos. Christian, - Dennis, Thos. B. Graham, Sylvanus Evans, Wm. T. Houston, District Attorneys : George Wood, Richard Cooper, Thomas H. Woods, Simon Jones, A. Y. Harper, S. H. Terral, Green B. Huddleston, R. S. McLaurin -- pages 371 to 395.
XV
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XL.
Sketch of the Moral and Religious State of the People, by Elder N. L. Clarke-Portrait of the Author, page 397-Church History of the County-The Different Denominations and Numerical Strength of Each-pages 396 to 415.
CHAPTER XLI.
Miscellaneous Events : Killing of a Negro by a Young Lady-Lost Chil- dren-Murder of a Young Lady by a Negro-Killing of a Young Lady by a Race Horse-Accidental Killing of a Man for a Bear -- Bear Kill- ing-Chasing Wolves out of County-Bridge Building-Old-time House Raising-Old-Time Muster-Ground and Drill-Circuit Court in the Long Ago -- Cutting New Roads to County Site-Justice Courts of the Old Period -- Old-Time Race Course --- Near Approach to a Riot- Fourth of July Barbecues -- The Shooting Match-pages 416 to 445.
CHAPTER XLII.
Weather Notes-Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878-Graphic Description of the Scourge at Lake-County Treasurer Portis Robbed-Recollections by Judge Hamilton Cooper-pages 446 to 456.
CHAPTER XLIII.
Sketches of Persons Whose Portraits Appear in Volume : Elder N. L. Clarke, Dr. J. B. Bailey, A. B. Amis, Esq , R. H. Henry, Esq., A. W. Whatley-pages 457 to 472.
CHAPTER I.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY-ACT OF THE LEGIS- LATURE OF MISSISSIPPI AUTHORIZING SAME-NAMES OF COMMISSIONERS WHO ORGANIZED THE COUNTY- - SIZE AND FORM OF THE COUNTY -- NUMBER OF SQUARE MILES IN THE COUNTY-NUMBER OF ACRES OF LAND IN THE COUNTY-WHAT THE COUNTY DERIVED ITS NAME FROM-WHAT COUNTY WAS DIVIDED TO MAKE NEWTON COUNTY-WHAT PART OF THE CHOCTAW PURCHASE NEWTON COUNTY WAS TAKEN FROM.
BY an act of the Legislature of the State of Missis- sippi, approved 26th of February, 1836, a certain ter- ritory, comprising the southern half of Neshoba county, was set apart as the county of Newton.
The names of three citizens of this new territory were mentioned and commissioned by the Legislature of the State to organize the county of Newton, namely, William Donalson, Michael Thomas and Francis Jones. These men had power to meet and go through whatever form was necessary to organize a county, and also to buy, or receive by gift, not more than eight acres of land on which to build or locate a county site for the court-house, as near as was practical in the cen- ter of the county.
The form of Newton county is a square, there being no other county in the State, unless it is Leake county, of the same form. It is twenty-four miles square,
编:
:
2
HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
which will give it 576 square miles and 368,640 acres of land.
The county derived its name from Sir Isaac Newton, the great scientist and philosopher. Newton county, or that part of the territory now forming the new county, was the southern part of Neshoba county, which was nearly as large as any two of the new Choc- taw counties coming in through the last Indian pur- chase. The people in the lower part of the large county of Neshoba wanted a county of their own, and although the population was very small, the Legisla- ture heard their petition through the Representative, James Ellis, who was afterwards Newton county's first representative.
The court-house for the county of Neshoba, previous to the division of the county, was near where the town of Union, in Newton county, is now situated. An old settler, who is now living, says it was a black-jack oak cabin with dirt floor ; that Judge Wm. Sterling as judge, and Hon. Jno. Watts as district attorney, held the first court for the new county of Neshoba. After the division of the county, the county site for Neshoba was removed to Philadelphia.
The town of Decatur, the present site for the court- house, was chosen by the commission as a suitable place for the court-house, and there it has remained although repeated efforts have been made to remove it.
Newton county is a part of the purchase made by the United States Government through its commis- sioners, John H. Eaton and John Coffee, of the one part, and the Choctaw Indians, through their Chiefs and Mingoes, on the other. This treaty is called Dancing Rabbit Creek ; in Choctaw, "Chookfa Hitla Bogue." This treaty was concluded and signed the 28th day of September, 1830.
i
3
.
£
1
3
HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
Dancing Rabbit Creek is in Noxubee county, near one of the original trading points where the Choctaws were in large numbers. There had been seven treaties with the Choctaw Indians previous to the one last named. The treaty of Hopewell, concluded January 3d, 1786; Fort Adams, December 17th, 1801; Hoe Buck-in-too-pa, August 31st, 1803; Mount Dexter, November 16th, 1805; Trading House, October 24th, 1816 ; Doak's Stand, October 18th, 1830 ; Washington, January 20th, 1825 ; and the last named, Dancing Rab- bit Creek, 28th September, 1830. This treaty stipu- lated the immigration of the Choctaw Indians as fast as they could get off with safety to themselves in re- moving. They were to have the lands occupied by them in 1831, '32 and '33, which they complied with. The removal in 1833 took place in Newton and Jasper counties. The rendezvous was at Garlandsville, and they were taken largely from these two counties.
That part of the State known as the Choctaw Pur- chase, embraces the counties of Noxubee, Neshoba, Leake, Newton, Scott, Smith, Jasper, Clarke and Lau- derdale, and six others in more remote parts of the State. These were all admitted as counties December, 1833. This did not include the admission of Newton only as a part of Neshoba county. After the division it was separately admitted, as has been stated, Feb- ruary, 1836. This county is situated near the center of this group, having Lauderdale east, Neshoba north, Noxubee northeast, Scott west, Jasper south.
This county being centrally located in this purchase, may also be said to be central in point of convenience for settlement and for passage of railroads, being tra- versed the full length by one road, and the first survey of the Gulf & Ship Island road ran nearly centrally through the county from north to south.
T
CHAPTER II.
THE INDIANS WHO OCCUPIED THIS COUNTY BEFORE THE WHITE MAN CAME-THEIR PROBABLE NUM- BER-THE DIFFICULTY IN FINDING ANY SATISFAC- TORY EVIDENCE OF HOW MANY WERE REMOVED- INFORMATION FROM THE TREATIES, AND ALSO FROM THE FEDERAL RECORDS FROM WASHINGTON-STIPU- LATIONS OF THE TREATY, AND THEIR REMOVAL FROM THE STATE-LEGENDARY ACCOUNTS OF THE INDIAN - TRIBES-THEIR REMOVAL FROM 1831 TO 1856-THOSE THAT REMAIN AMONG US-THEIR CONDITION, PHYS- ICALLY AND RELIGIOUSLY-INDIAN MISSIONARIES THAT HAVE BEEN SENT TO THIS COUNTY.
THE Indians were in large numbers in the part of the country ceded by them to the State of Mississippi. From the best information obtainable, there were from 20,000 to 25,000, and it is supposed that Newton county had rather over an average number of Indians in comparison to the other parts of this acquired ter- ritory.
This county was a fine range, well watered, and an excellent hunting ground, and the supposition is that large numbers came here for an easy living, and to amuse and interest themselves. Much open land and wide-spreading prairies in the southwestern part of the county offered large scope for recreation and engage- ment in their national ball play.
These people, however, offered a very interesting
1.4
٦
:
5
HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
topic for thought and speculation, as to where they came from, and the length of time that they had occu- pied the country before the white man came among them. There is nothing that has ever been obtained from the Indians themselves as to where they came from, or how long they have lived in the country. Some of the older ones of the Choctaw tribe claim that they came out of a great mound on the head-waters of Pearl river in Winston county, near the central portion of . the State. Some historians claim that they overran the country very rapidly after their appearance, and that they are from the province of Kamtschatka. They, in all probability, came from the west at some very remote period of time, as one tribe, and as they increased their numbers, and it was necessary to pro- vide a better hunting ground, that they divided and came east. After being separated for centuries, they. from certain circumstances, changed their languages, and many of their customs and habits of life were dif- ferent from-their ancestors. Difference in climate and a change of food made them, to some extent, differ in appearance and size ; also changed their dialects, and thus out of the same original tribe that came from the west, all the various tribes have sprung.
The length of time that has elapsed since the first Indian came on American soil is one of those things that no human being can tell. In estimating their numbers various sources of information have been sought, and even then it is all uncertain as to the numbers that were emigrated, to say nothing of what it was when the white man came among them.
The Hon. Charles Gayarre has the following in ref- erence to the original proprietors of the magnificent territory to which attention has just been called :
" The Choctaws occupied a very large territory be-
$ . 7
6
HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
tween the Mississippi and Tombigbee from the fron- tiers of the Colapesas and the Biloxi's, on the shores of lake Ponchartrain and Borgne, up to the frontiers of the Natchez, of the Yazoos, and of the Chickasaws.
"They owned more than fifty important villages, and it was said at one time they could have brought into the field twenty-five thousand warriors."
The portion of the State above described, a large part of its territory and the numbers expected in the small portion of country as is embraced in the treaty .of "Dancing Rabbit Creek," of course will be very small in comparison. From information received from the Congressional Library at Washington, it is found that the original number of Choctaw Indians, which were to be received under the treaty of " Dancing Rab- bit Creek," was 18,500. From a report of the Commis- sioner of Indian Affairs, of 1838, it is found that out of the total 18,500 there had emigrated at that time 15,177. In the report of 1844 and '45 the same figures are given, showing that no more had emigrated up to that time. It is well known that a large emigration took place, and the Choctaw Indians from Newton and Jasper counties, were in rendezvous at Garlandsville, Jasper county, in the year 1845, and yet no mention of it can be found in the Congressional Library at Washington. A further report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, states under date of October 31, 1849, that " Within the last twelve months 547 Choc- taws have been emigrated" from the old Choctaw coun- try east of the Mississippi to the Choctaw Nation west of the Mississippi.
The Choctaw Agent, in his report of September 6, 1852, says that about 300 Choctaws have been removed from the States of Mississippi and Louisiana, within the present year, mostly from the latter State. In the year
1
.
7
HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
1856, the United States government closed its relations with the Indians in this part of the State. There was still a number left in different parts of the State, and the Indian agents came to the various counties and paid the Indians off what was supposed to be due to them, in gold, and many white men profited by trad- ing with the Indians, and in some instances, no doubt got largely the advantage of them, and sold to credu- lous, unsuspecting Indians property at fabulous prices. It is now estimated by our last census, and by good private authority, that there are about 2,000 Indians in the State of Mississippi of the Choctaw tribe. This, with the number reported to be emigrated from time to time, would bring pretty nearly, counting for loss by death, the close approximation of 25,000, as stated in the preceding pages.
The Indians thus paid off were now citizens, assum- the responsibilities of such, being amenable to the laws of the State and made to conform to them in most instances, yet they were not allowed to vote. Some of them went west and afterwards returned to this country, having a greater love for their old homes, than for a new and better hunting ground.
A very interesting legendary account is given by Lowry and McCardle of the origin of the Choctaw In- dians in this State, which is taken from Col. Claiborne's volume, and furnishes the following tradition given in his own words: "The Choctaws believed that their ancestors came from the west. They were led by two brothers, Chacta and Chicsa-at the head of their respective Iksas or Clans. On their journey they fol- lowed a pole, which, guided by an invisible hand, moved before them. Shortly after crossing the Mis- sissippi the pole stood still, firmly planted in the ground, and they construed this as an augury that
8 HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
there they must halt and make their homes. What connection this may have with, and how far it has been derived from the exodus of the Israelites, and the ' cloud by day and pillar of fire by night,' is left for the curious to determine. But the pole moving in the march before them is the oldest and best established tradition of the Choctaws and Chickasaws. The two leaders concluded to reconnoiter the country. Chicsa moved first, and ten days after Chacta followed, but a tremendous snow storm had obliterated his brother's trail, and they were separated. He went southerly to Nanawayya, on the headwaters of Pearl river, about the geographical center of the State, and the other brother, it was afterwards ascertained, settled near where Pontotoc now stands.
"At the first meeting of the brothers it was deter- mined that the two clans should constitute separate tribes, each occupying their respective territory, and that the hunters of neither band should encroach on the territory of the other. The present Oktibbeha and Nusicheah are indicated as the lines of demarkation."
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.