USA > Mississippi > Newton County > History of Newton County, Mississippi from 1834 to 1894 > Part 13
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"This vast amount was greatly augmented by the pay of reporters, secretaries, sergeant-at-arms, chap- lain, postmaster, door-keeper, pages, and all other places that the ingenuity of the reckless brigands could devise, to say nothing of the enormous amount ex- pended for public printing. The aggregate cost of the convention may safely be estimated at no less than a quarter of a million of dollars. After these corrupt, unprincipled and vindictive buccaneers had expended their venom and adjourned, their handiwork of malice was submitted to the people for ratification or rejec- tion. The white people of the State, incensed as they were beyond expression, avowed their determination to reject the mis-begotten and scoundrely constitution, maintain their free-born manhood, and let the conse- quences take care of themselves, and nobly did they . accomplish their purpose.
"It will be remembered that the election at which the constitution was rejected was held under the direction and supervision of the miltary commander of the dis- trict, who according to his own report, took precaution to station troops at as many as sixty places in dif- ferent parts of the State; and yet, notwithstanding the presence of the soldiers in nearly every county in the
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State; in spite of the fact that the entire election . machinery was in the hands of and controlled by the military, in spite of the fact that the gleam of the bayonet could be seen at many polling places, yet notwithstanding the odious and undeniable fact that a large number of the most intelligent and capable white citizens of the State were denied the right to vote, and were interfered with when they attempted to engage in the discussion of the wrongs and outrages sought to be perpetrated, the knavish instrument was voted down by an overwhelming majority. In this good work the white people of the State owe a large debt of gratitude to the negro voters for their voluntary and enthusiastic support in that great contest.
" In submitting the constitution for ratification or rejection there was a committee of five appointed by the convention, charged with the duty of making proclamation of the result of the election. In the hour of defeat, this committee, in its desperation, issued and caused to be published a statement that the coun- ties of DeSoto, Rankin, Lafayette, Yalobusha, Carroll, Copiah, and Chickasaw had been carried against the adoption of the constitution by fraud, intimidation and violence, and recommended that the people of those counties should be denied representation in the Legislature, and that these people should be deprived of the right to vote for Representatives in Congress or for State officers.
"The suggestions of the committee of five were, however, not adopted. The members of the conven- tion and committee of five continued to discuss the constitution they had made until the election and in- auguration of President Grant, whom they fondly hoped would assist them in fastening manacles upon the people of Mississippi. In this, however, they were
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doomed to disappointment. That great soldier had as much contempt for them and their miserable work, as the people of Mississippi had recently manifested. With the manly frankness of the true soldier he rec- ommended to Congress to provide for the holding of another election and allow the people the privilege of voting for or against the disfranchising clauses sepa- rately as well as for State officers, Representatives in Congress and the Legislature.
"This provision, so submitted, embraced the xivth and xvth amendments to the Constitution of the United States, which provided for the right of suffrage with- out regard to race or color, or previous condition of servitude.
"The election was held in November, 1869, when the white people of the State accepted the constitu- tion as modified and recommended by the President. At the first election thereafter, by an odious and dis- criminating apportionment, the carpet-baggers, [ne- groes, and renegades, were enabled to secure a large majority in the Legislature and the Senate and all the State officers, and Representatives in Congress. The Legislature when assembled elected two United States . Senators."
Under these circumstances, it was no wonder that the original elements of the Democratic party South now cordially supported it as the only safety against the oppression of the Republican party. Old line Whigs and Union men who had opposed the precipi- tate action of the Democratic party in 1861, and had witnessed the opposition to that party bury the seces- sion movement probably forever, were not, under any circumstances, disposed to affiliate with the Republi- can party.
There were too many that it so vitally affected their
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social relations ; there was so much oppression of the Southern people; they felt so near to each other that all old party differences were obliterated. The Whig and Democratic soldiers who for four years had battled for what they thought was their right, and home and property, were indissolubly cemented by ties of mutual protection stronger than hooks of steel. This soldier brotherhood in the tented field, in thick battle where death and carnage broke the ranks, and others with mutilated body and shattered limbs were captured and left in enemy's hands and carried to vile prisons. With victory or defeat the Southern man could not do any- thing but vote solid; a "solid South" it was; a "solid South" it will remain. Nothing can more securely cement the ties of affection and sympathy than to be thrown together in seasons of great peril to life and country ; to home and wife and children. In great trials, when deeds of self-sacrifice, exposure to danger and death; and when men become banded together for a common cause, they appear to vie with each other, claiming that the "post of danger is the post of honor," when they are ready to sacrifice everything dear and life itself for their country. Then it is that these acts become a sublime spectacle. Under these circumstances, when men have escaped and return home, and it is ex- pected by united political efforts they are to protect each other, men who have heretofore felt political estrangement are no longer opposed to that element, but now feel a congenial equality and a willingness to all vote the Democratic ticket.
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CHAPTER XX.
RETURN OF HOME RULE IN 1875.
The year 1875 is considered the Year of Jubilee for the State of Mississippi. The white people had borne the insults and reckless extravagance of the party in power until it became a load too heavy to be carried. The taxes had amounted to such proportions in the State and counties as to almost amount to con- fiscation. The citizens all over the State were terribly aroused at the idea of such conduct on the part of those controlling the affairs of the State government. As early as the 4th day of January of that year, some of the best, wisest, and most patriotic citizens met at Jackson in what was then called the Convention of the Tax payers of Mississippi, in the hall of Representa- tives. Lowry & McCardle's History says :
" The Convention was called to order by Hon. W. L. Nugent, upon whose motion Gen. W. S. Featherston, of Marshall, was elected chairman. The Convention presented a petition to the Legislature showing the true condition of the State ; they said that the general poverty of the people and depressed value of all prop- erty, and rate of taxation, made it an intolerable bur- den and much beyond their ability to pay. They in- sisted that the exorbitant expenditures must cease, or the means of the people would be exhausted; as an evidence of the extraordinary increase in taxation they cited the following :
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"In 1869 the State levy was 10 mills on the dollar of assessed value of lands. For the year 1871 it was four times as great ; for 1872 it was eight and a half times as much ; for 1874 it was fourteen times as great as it was in 1869. They asserted that the tax of 1874 was the largest State tax ever levied in Mississippi, and the people were poorer than ever before. 'They stated that in many cases the increase in county levies for the same period was still greater. The petition was lengthy and gave the true state of affairs in an able and respectful manner, but they were called ;by Gov. Ames 'howlers.'
"The tax-payers' convention, held at the capital of the State, resulted in the organization of tax-payers' leagues, which were intended to be consolidated into a State organization, to check the process of confisca- tion inaugurated by the Radical party.
The Democratic State Convention assembled on the 3d of August, 1875. Nearly every county was repre- sented. It was an assemblage of delegates of more than usual intelligence. General and Ex-Governor Clarke was made chairman, and Col. J. L. Power, Hon. J. L. McCaskill and Paul Botto were secretaries.
"Hon. L. Q. C. Lamar addressed the convention and was listened to with the greatest interest. Hon. J. Z. George was elected chairman of the State Executive Committee, and Marion Smith secretary."
On the 7th of December there was a riot, incited by Peter Crosby (a negro), at Vicksburg, in which there were many citizens wounded and slain. On the 4th of September, 1875, there was another riot, at Clinton, resulting in loss of life to both white and black. About the same time another riot, called the Yazoo riot, occurred, in which a few persons were killed. Says Lowry and McCardle :
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" The canvass of 1875 was inaugurated with a fixed determination to no longer submit to the disgrace of being ruled by aliens, negroes and wreckers. Old men left their homes, and were found in the thickest of the fight, and not infrequently upon the hustings, encouraging young men to battle for constitutional liberty. Clubs were formed, and almost daily rein- forced. Ames made frequent application to the Pres- ident of the United States for troops to suppress the alleged violence in various parts of the common- wealth.
"Gen. George, the chairman of the Democratic Committee, wired the Attorney-General of the United States that there were no disturbances in Mississippi and no obstruction to the execution of the laws. Ames' continued applications for troops to assist him in his warfare induced Judge Pierrepont, the Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, to send C. K. Chase, Esq .. a gen- tleman of intelligence and good address, to Mississippi to learn and report to him the true status of affairs.
"During Mr. Chase's stay at the capital a meeting was arranged for the 20th of October, between a com- mittee of citizens and the Governor, in the interest of peace and order. The committee consisted of J. Z. George, W. L. Nugent, T. J. Wharton, John W. Rob- inson, H. Hilzheim, E. Richardson, R. L. Saunders, J. C. Rietti, David Shelton and Robert Lowry. The meeting was held in the parlor of the Governor's man- sion. Terms were reached and mutual pledges given. The result of the conference with the Governor was made known, which was, that the militia was to be disbanded and the arms in their possession placed in the custody of the United States troops. The com- mittee pledged that peace and order should be main- tained. From that date the Radical ranks were
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broken, the leaders on the run, and a Democratic vic- tory almost achieved. Barbecues, basket dinners, etc., were the order of the day.
"Hundreds and thousands of negroes were united with the army of whites. On the day of election the Democrats presented an impregnable column of deter- mined men, aad won a victory, the importance of which was incalculable. After the smoke of battle had cleared away, the better opinion prevailed that Lieutenant- Governor A. K. Davis and T. W. Cardoza, State Super- intendent of Education, both colored men, should be impeached." It resulted that Davis was impeached and turned out. Cardoza was allowed to resign.
Twenty-one articles of impeachment were preferred against Governor Ames, who, after seeing the certainty of being thrown out of office, was allowed to resign, the articles of impeachment being withdrawn.
Thus ended the Radical regime in the State. John M. Stone, president of the Senate, then became eligible to the office of Governor, and was inducted into that office March 29th, 1876.
In Newton county the struggle was not so great. The yoke of Radicalism had been thrown off in 1872, and although the people of Newton county did what was necessary in the last struggle, yet the forces to be met at home were not such as were in many of the . other counties of the State. The people felt once more that they were free, with more liberty and enjoyment, more peace and good will to both white and black, than had been enjoyed at any time since 1860.
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CHAPTER XXI.
PROMINENT MEN OF THE COUNTY OF ALL CLASSES SINCE THE FORMATION OF THE COUNTY-PROFES- SIONAL MEN OF THE COUNTY SINCE ITS FORMATION -PROMINENT MEN IN BUSINESS SINCE THE WAR.
IT is expected that in the history of a county, there is more prominence to be given to professional men than any other. These men are expected to be better educated and to have more influence in a community than the average citizen. It is also expected that men who have been successful in the accumulation of wealth are more prominent than those who have not acquired it. Men to acquire wealth, when other men fail, are expected to have greater ability than those who, with the same advantages, have acquired none ; and without disparaging the worth and merits of a man not having wealth and influence, it is well known that the men having wealth and influence, are usually men of talent and energy and will necessarily occupy higher posi- tions in society. It is not a man's wealth that makes . him a good citizen unless he uses it right ; nor is it a a man's influence that should entitle him to place and power, unless that influence is for good, and yet both wealth and a bad influence are often used for unholy and improper purposes and will cause men to have a pre-eminence among their associates in com- munities ; and without passing upon the merits of all who are mentioned, it is nothing more than right and
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proper in giving the history of a community to place prominently those who have in any way distinguished themselves.
Lawyers are usually among the most prominent men in a community. Newton county, before the war, had but few lawyers, and since has not a large number.
LAWYERS AT DECATUR.
J. J. Monroe, J. McAlpin, John W. Man, Judge Campbell, Wm. Saffold, J. F. N. Huddleston, T. B. McCune and Thos. W. Thurman, were the lawyers be- fore the war. Thos. Keith and G. B. Huddleston have been added since the war. Keith and McCune are the only ones left as the others have removed or died.
LAWYERS AT NEWTON.
Hon. John Watts, W. T. Powe, Russell McInnis, Judge John Robb, Charles Murphey, J. F. Moore, Robt. Barrier, Ed. Watkins, W. H. Andrews, S. B. Ross, J. R. Byrd. Of these only Ross and Byrd re- main, the others having died or removed.
LAWYERS AT HICKORY.
Gage and Boulton, the latter having removed.
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John H. Regan was a lawyer of Newton county, living in the northern part of the county, is now dead. . McCord, Benson and Bullard, lawyers of Connehatta. The latter having removed.
PHYSICIANS.
The physicians who have heretofore lived in various parts of the county, though now removed or dead, are : Drs. Bailey Johnson, Josiah and M. H. Watkins, S. G. Loughridge, Buckhannan, Evans, Frey, Jubal Watts,
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HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
M. M. Keith, Thos. B. McCord, L. M. Loper, Wesley W. Hall, N. L. Clarke, Jr., A. J. Pennington, S. B. Speed, G. W. Gilmore, E. Brown, W. J. Osburn, C. P. Partin, J. S. Parker, A. G. Bates, W. C. Lehr, J. A. Stephens, P. N. Wells, L. M. Clarke, J. V. Hamilton.
Those now practicing in the county are : Drs. J. B. Bailey, J. M. Cleavland, A. U. Gressett, W. A. L. Lewis, C. W. Carraway, F. B. Nimocks, G. G. Everett, J. C. McElroy, F. G. Semmes, A. H. Pucket, E. B. Partin, E. B. Pool, W. N. Davis, G. H. McNeill, J. J. Harral- son, F. O. Horn, H. B. Ross, S. B. Hinton, O. L. Bai- ley, Wm. S. Norris, Clarence Gilmore, D. H. Leverett, and Dr. Spivey.
Dr . John H. Ferrell and J. P. Harris are resident dentists.
CHURCHES AND PREACHERS.
Newton county has eleven Missionary Baptist preach- ers as follows : J. W. Arnold, James E. Chapman, H. O. White, B. W. Dearing, T. I. Wells, N. L. Clarke, A. J. Freeman, W. P. Vaughn, E. W. Sumrall, Wm. Yarbrough, H. Bruce. The Primitive Baptist church has six ministers : W. J. McGee, W. S. Furguson, T. F. Gardner, A. Hollingsworth, E. S. Pennington, T. J. Stamper.
The Methodist Episcopal Church South, has four traveling ministers : J. M. Morse, Rev. Mr. Williams, L. P. Meadow and Rev. Mr. Witt, and three local min. isters : R. W. Burton, J. H. Henry, and W. S. Partin.
The Old School Presbyterian church has one minis- ter in the county-D. L. Barr.
The Cumberland Presbyterian church has
The Congregational-Methodist church has four (4) ministers-T. H. Rivers, J. M. Belew, J. C. Portis and Mr. Gilbert.
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The Protestant-Methodist church has no ministers, though may have some members.
PROMINENT MEN IN POLITICS BEFORE AND SINCE THE WAR.
The men most actively engaged in politics before the war were usually those who held the legislative and county offices : Ullum Redwine, Armstrong, Jones, Johnston, Cooper, Graham, Thomas, Wells, Ware, Dansby, Keith, McElroy, Loper, Huddleston, McCune, Campbell, McAlpin, Williamson. These were repre- sentative men, and those who held office from among the first elected to the commencement of the war. Some of these names that were living were still in politics, and representing the county, and holding county office after the close of the war.
The year 1866, was the first election held after hos- tilities were over, and that year J. J. Perry, Thomas Keith, Jas. A. Ware, Wm. Thames, M. J. L. Hoye, Wm. Graham, were candidates to fill the county offices, and most of the men named were elected.
Those old office-holders continued active in politics, using whatever influence and zeal they possessed to carry the county for the Democratic party. After that, when politics became more excited and there were some opposed to Democracy in the county, others enlisted strongly in public matters. Eugene Carleton has been one of the most active men in politics in the county. He was largely instrumental in reclaiming the county from Radical rule, and has probably been more vitally interested than any other citizen of New- ton county. The people were not unmindful of the work done by him, as in 1872 he was elected to the office of chancery clerk, and was continued in that place for sixteen years, and after that he was elected
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Superintendent of Education. - Marine Watkins took a large and active part in politics without asking an office, so did T. B. McCune. Added to these were J. B. McAlpin, Thos. M. Scanlan, J. C. Portis, J. F. Huddle- ston, A. E. Gray, W. N. Rains, G. M. Gallaspy, J. P. Dansby, Hamilton Cooper, Dr. J. B. Bailey, Dr. J. S. Parker, Thos. J. Bounds, Cornelius Boyd, I. I. Barber, G. B. Huddleston, W. C. Thornton, G. L. Doolittle, Jesse Pace, J. H. Regan, J. J. Armistead, J. L. Hardy, Dr. J. E. Longmire, J. F. Moore, Thomas B. Shockley, I. L. Pennington, C. S. Swann, J. R. Pace, J. K. Horn, R. K. Jayne, James A. Keith, G. M. Spencer, D. T. Chapman, I. L. Bolton, M. W. Stamper, G. B. Harper, F. B. Loper, Thos. Keith, A. M. Monroe, John F. Dear- ing, J. M. Lyles, Sim. Easterling, A. J. Freeman, F. N. McMullen, E. D. Beattie and S. M. Adams.
MERCHANTS OF NEWTON COUNTY.
At Decatur, R. J. Johnson, R. M. Johnston, Wm. McAlpin, W. W. Drinkwater, Steinhart, Sam'l Hurd, Nimocks & Loper, Montgomery Carleton, Scanlan & Huddleston, up to 1860 ; and Barrett, Russell & Hoye, Samuel Hurd, W. H. Gallaspy, Harris Barnes, James Hunter, F. N. McMullen-up to 1894. J. L. Shofner, and John H. Gray did a country business before the war in this county.
In 1860 there was some business done in the town of Newton by W. A. Payne, J. N. Shofner, J. R. Johnson, J. W. McGrath, and since by J. R. Johnson, R. M. John- son, J. N. Shofner, E. & A. J. Brown, M. Watkins, Watts & Nimock, J. G. Moore & Co., Watkins & Wil- liams, Richardson & Co., Williams & Gibbs, Scanlan & Scott, Clark, Dansby & Co., M. J. L. Hoye & Co., Jno. - T. O'Ferrall, Clark & Russell, Manders & Dreyfus, R. K. Batte, Rue & McClinton, Schwab & Presser, W. T.
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HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
Dunagan & Co., Baucum & Leverett, E. P. Armistead, Sim Perry & Co., Bingham & Parker, G. H. McNeil, J. S. Davidson, S. NcElroy, M. Williams, I. I. Barber & Co., T. C. Viverett & Co., Mercantile Company and Racket Store.
The town of Lawrence was established after the war, E. D. Battie, J. Z. Jones, W. H. Sisson and J. A. McCain were the principal business men ; up to the present a part remain.
Merchants at Hickory before the war were: Gray, Hidle, Edwards, and James Bell. Since the war: Bar- ber & Thompson, W. N. Rains, Gray & Ward, Lem Nelson, Harper Bros., Ogletree & Brown, Penington & Bro., Norman & Co., Cook & Johnson, Osburn & Gris- sett, J. A. E. Dowling, D. H. Leverett, Wm. Hyde, I. I. Barber & Bros., Frank Russell, Rob. Barnett, Nelson Hopkins & Co., J. H. Wills, Wells & Hailey, Walton Gallaspy & Russell, McDonald Bros., Frank Pierce, Buckley Bros., and Davis G. Rayner.
Other prominent men in the county-some for wealth, some for influence, good character, citizen- ship, etc., energetic and otherwise-among whom are Mint Blelack and his sons, Samuel, M. E. and J. C. Blelack - the former, Mint Blelack, was one of the wealthiest men ever in the county ; W. R. Norman and sons, James and Wm. Thames, Wm. Price, Bird Saffold and sons, E. S. Loper and sons, Samuel Hurd, J. M. Trussell, T. J. McMullen and sons, Wm. Reynolds and sons Hugh, Lock and Daniel ; McFarland, Absalom and Joel Loper, Duncan Thompson, Watson and Henry Evans, A. E. and E. E. Chapman and sons, Hiram and Ben Walker, Ezekiel Arrington, Hardy Nichols, Abner Harralson, Archy and Chas."Wells. R. W. Doolittle and sons, John Blakeley and his sons, John and Thomas Dyess, John and Ed Waul, E. Scan-
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HISTORY OF NEWTON COUNTY.
lan, W. N. Raines, James Dunagen, Joseph A. Ware, and sons, Dr. Josiah Watkins and sons, William Graham and sons, Hamilton Cooper and sons, Alec Russel and sons, Vances, Amis's, Gordons, Hunter, Wal- ton, Jesse Richmond, Dempsy, and Thos. Pace and their sons, N. L. Clarke and sons, M. P. and Stephen Williams and sons, Isaac and Isham Hollingsworth and sons, W. J. and Arthur Blackburn, Wm. Willis, Ben Bright, Bright Ammons, Samuel Stephens and sons, Wm. and James Cooksey and sons, Thos. Wash and sons, Thos. Caldwell, George and Thomas Laird, Archey Laird and sons, Samuel and Jackson Everett and sons, A. B. Woodham and sons, Richard McGhee and sons, Samuel Furgerson and sons, James Cara- way and sons, Hamilton Davis and sons, Sim Castly and sons, Gilbert and sons. These names appear in the county history at an early day, and many of these names are still prominent in the county.
In a later period appear the names of Todd, Hoye, Huddleston, McCune, Adams, Cleavland, Flint, Stam- per, Porter, Maxey, Thornton, Robuck Daniel, Lewis, J. G. and Wm. Moore, Allen and Williamson Glover, J. M. Kelly, the McDaniels, Wm. and Henry Walker, M. and M. R. and M. M. Watkins, W. L. McIntosh and sons, Jehu Pannel and sons, George Neil, and David Thomson, Sim Easterling, Jerry Barber, the Welch brothers, T. C. Viverett, Sim Perry, J. T. Watts, T. F. Pettus, Thos. Watts, John T. Q'Ferrall, C. H. Rew, E. P. Armistead, E. P. Blelack, F. L. Loper, T. H. Selby, J. M. Hoye, J. W. Jones and sons, E. Dean and sons, Robert Jones and sons, H. W. Williams and sons, Henry and James Robinson and sons, Daniel Fore, John Everett, E. H. Woodham, John M. Nicholson and sons, H. C. Simmons and sons, G. W. Cheek and sons, W. W., J. L. and J. D. Hardy and Dr.
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Longmire, R. H. Henry, J. E. Carteledge and sons, M. J. Chandler and sons, Dr. C. W. Carraway, Benton H. Rayner and brothers, McDonald Brothers, Barnetts, Harpers, Gilmores, Dowlings, Johnsons, Hannahs, Frank and Joe Russell, Bartlett, Hughes, Jones, Mc- Gees and Furgerson.
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CHAPTER XXII.
VARIOUS NEWSPAPERS OF THE COUNTY, AND SOME MENTION OF THEIR EDITORS.
THE publication of a newspaper is a great work, and the people owe much of their education and knowl- edge of the great and small things of the world by the publication of papers. A good paper, and that in its broadest sense, is a great benefit to any State and community. There is no doubt but the public prints of the country do more to shape legislation and the laws of the land than any other power that may be put into action. The free discussion of all topics con- nected with the country, the many good suggestions coming from such a great number of learned men, as the editors usually are, formulate opinions and make and crush great men and parties. This aggregation of knowledge, coming from so many sources, arguing the same subject from a different standpoint, bring out all the good and bad connected with any great measure ; using a criticism sometimes very sharp, sometimes very timely, and at others very untrue, cause a much discussed political tenet, or party dogma, to take shape and crystalize into law and general adoption in a way much different from what it was originally in- tended.
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