USA > Mississippi > Biographical and historical memoirs of Mississippi, embracing an authentic and comprehensive account of the chief events in the history of the state and a record of the lives of many of the most worthy and illustrious families and individuals, Vol. II > Part 27
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The Jackson Land and Improvement company, organized in 1886-7, is a joint stock com- pany, gotten up exclusively on home capital, and has for its object the advancement and gen- eral improvement of the material interests of the city. It is composed of gentlemen of standing and respectability. Its charter gives it full power to conduct and operate all branches of business which will tend to increase the comfort and business prosperity of the city. This company now owns the most desirable suburban property to be found near Jackson, lying just in the path of its present growth. This land is divided into lots and offered as cheap homes for persons desiring to locate permanently here. One of the main objects of the com- pany, by means of co-operation, is to make known to the outside world the many substantial attractions of their city; to correspond with outside capitalists seeking investments, and to show to them the many reasons why Jackson is the most desirable and eligible place in the state or the South for the establishment of any and all kinds of industries which manufacture wood or cotton or wool. Few places can show such inducements in these lines as this offers, with its rivers and railroads and cheap and accessible adjacent forests abounding in the finest lumber of multiplied varieties, in addition to being in the very center of the largest cotton- producing state.
The educational advantages of Jackson, for both sexes and all colors, are excellent.
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There is also a first-class commercial college here, a convent school and classical schools. The churches are well administered and exert a most beneficent influence upon the people of the city.
The secret and benevolent societies are thoroughly organized, while social and literary associations attain a rare excellence. The newspapers of the city, past and present, are referred to in other pages.
The Capital State bank is the oldest bank in Jackson .. It was founded by Col. Thos. E. Helm, in 1872-3, the reorganization taking place in January, 1888, with the following officers: R. W. Millsaps, president; Thos. E. Helm, vice president; B. W. Griffith, cashier, and E. M. Parker, assistant cashier. The directors are: R. W. Millsaps, Thos. E. Helm, C. A. Alex- ander, E. Virden and I. Strauss, of Jackson, Walter Heilman, of Clinton, and W. H. Tribette, of Terry, all of whom are gentlemen of the highest financial, commercial and social standing in this state. The bank operates with a capital of $100,000, and has a surplus and undi- vided profits amounting to $15,733.00 additional.
The First National bank was established May 1st, 1885. Its capital is $100,000, to which has been added a surplus of $30,000. The officers are: Samuel S. Carter, president; Charles A. Lyerly, vice president; O. J. White, cashier, and A. C. Jones, assistant cashier. These are also directors, together with R. L. Saunders, Byron Lemly, S. S. Calhoon, P. W. Peeples and C. W. Robinson. These names will be recognized as being borne by the most substantial men of central Mississippi.
The Jackson bank was organized December 19, 1889, with a cash capital of $100,000; the officers are: P. W. Peeples, president; R. L. Saunders, vice president; A. M. Nelson, cashier; J. W. Cooper, assistant cashier, and directors P. W. Peeples, John McDonnell, G. Y. Freeman, W. W. Stone, W. J. Davis, R. Griffith, E. H. Anderson, R. L. Saunders, J. B. Ross, Wirt Adams and A. M. Nelson.
State Building and Loan association was organized April 22, 1890, but incorporated February 21st of that year, with an authorized capital stock of $3,000,000. The following well-known citizens of Mississippi form the directory: J. M. Lambert, Natchez, Geo. M. Govan, McComb City; R. K. Jayne, Jackson; D. D. Boyd, Jackson; T. M. Miller, Vicksburg; A. H. Jayne, Jackson; A. B. Watts, Meridian; John H. Odeneal, Jackson; J. M. Lambert, president; Geo. M. Govan, vice president, R. K. Jayne, secretary and D. D. Boyd, trustee; T. M. Miller and A. H. Jayne, general attorneys; John H. Odeneal and A. B. Watts, inspectors.
One of the most valuable improvements is the water system, completed in 1889. The water works are owned by the Light, Heat & Water company, of which R. L. Saunders is president, P. W. Peeples vice president and M. Green secretary and treas- urer, who are also directors, together with C. W. Robinson, S. S. Carter, R. W. Millsaps, S. S. Calhoon and B. Lemly, all business men and capitalists of the city. The cap- ital stock is $100,000. The system employed is gravity pressure for domestic and direct pressure for fire service. A steel stand pipe one hundred and twenty feet in hight, twenty-four feet in diameter, with a capacity of two hundred and eighty thousand gallons, has been constructed upon a hill about one and one-half miles from the city limits, the elevation being seventy-three feet above the ground where the capitol stands. The water is obtained from Pearl river, some three miles above the city, and also the same distance along mains. The pumping plant consists of two duplex double-acting Deane steam pumps, one compound and one high pressure, each having a daily capacity of one million gallons. The boilers are of steel, fifty-four inches in diameter. The pumps are set in a circular well,
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twenty-one feet deep, the lift from low water being eleven feet. The pumphouse is built of brick, and of sufficient size to admit of the doubling of the capacity at any time. The plant is entirely above the high water mark and five hundred feet above low water. In addition to the direct suction, an independent suction admits water being taken from a well excavated near the pumphouse for filtering purposes. The stand pipe is one and one-quarter miles from the pumps and one hundred and twenty feet above them; an electrical call, by which the engineer can turn the water off from the stand pipe and apply direct pressure in case of fire, is a part of the apparatus. The mains range from twelve to four inches in diameter, and eight miles are laid within and three without the city limits for supplying the various state institutions, which require twenty-one hydrants in addition to the number required by the city. These works have been constructed in the most thorough and systematic manner by Moffitt, Hodgkins & Clarke of Watertown, N. Y., while all the material and machinery used are of the very best, latest and most highly improved patterns. The gas works preceded the water works, and even the electric light was introduced before the boon of a good water supply was given.
The Mississippi Compress & Warehouse company owns and operates one of the largest and finest cotton compresses in the entire South, its plant representing an outlay of fully $60,000. The press is a ninety-inch Morse, the same which was on exhibition at the expo- sition in New Orleans, where it carried off all the honors. The press, warehouses, platforms, sheds, etc., cover an area of five acres, having storage capacity of ten thousand bales, located upon the tracks of the different railways entering Jackson, having a frontage on the Illinois Central railroad of three hundred feet, and on the Vickburg & Meridian railroad of two hun- dred feet. Every facility and all late improvements have been added and exist for the rapid and effective work required in this business, and the press has a record of loading one hun- dred compressed bales into one car.
The Capital City Oil works were built in the summer of 1889, and commenced operation in the fall of the same year. The following citizens are the officers: John A. Lewis, presi- dent; E. T. George, secretary and treasurer; John W. Todd, general agent. Since the date of the establishment of this concern its volume of business has grown to an immense degree and to-day it takes front rank with all similar industries. It is located in West Jackson on a plat of ground covering about five acres. There are three distinct buildings: The mill, which is built of brick, 270x40 feet; the seedhouse, 400x50 feet; and the office building, a handsome two-story brick house. The engineroom is 50x60 feet, and the boilerroom, 40x50 feet. Two switches of the Illinois Central and one of the Little J run through the yards, thus furnishing excellent shipping facilities. The mill is fitted throughout with most im- proved machinery, and contains eight (Buckeye) presses, with a capacity of crushing seventy- five tons of seed per day. The company have their own dynamo, and during the busy season, when they are compelled to run both night and day, furnish lighting material. The oil manufactured is sent to the North, where it goes through a process of refining.
A number of manufacturing industries, such as the Enoch's Lumber and Manufacturing company, the sawmills, planingmills, foundries, etc., are in operation, each one worked to its full capacity.
The mercantile houses are large, prosperous concerns, always telling of business princi- ples in their conduct, and in the manners of merchants and employes.
The cotton market of the city is, of course, an interesting point, as it is in all such Southern cities.
The board of trade was chartered April 18, 1888, the following named being among its
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first officers: Dr. P. W. Peeples, president; Maj. R. W. Millsaps, first vice president; E. Vir- den, second vice president; A. Virden, Jr., secretary; and Dr. S. S. Carter, treasurer. The board of directors is made up as follows: R. W. Millsaps, J. A. Shinglenr, R. L. Sannders, Dr. B. Lemly, Isadore Strauss, John McDonnell and J. H. Odeneal.
The Edwards house, the Lawrence and the Spengler are the principal hotels of the city. The first named is one of great old houses of the state, speaking of days before its institu- tions were overturned by war. A modern brick addition and interior decoration bring it into harmony with the present. The Lawrence house, established in 1858, is undoubtedly the leading commercial hotel of central Mississippi. The owner established himself at Jackson in 1858, served with the Confederate troops during the war, and resuming the business raised the business of hotel keeping to a profession. The addition to the house was com- pleted in 1890. The Spengler house, opposite the capitol, occupies one of the finest busi- ness sites in the city. Removed from the railroad depot, it is on the borders of the principal business and residence districts. The improvements completed in January, 1891, including the important brick addition, render it a modern house. The owners are among the pio- neers of Jackson, and connected closely with the building of the city. The large hotel at Cooper's well, three and one-half miles from Raymond, is the property of the Spenglers. Mrs. T. B. J. Hadley, a daughter of the Indian fighter, David Smith, after whom Smith county was named, and the wife of Auditor Hadley, of Wilkinson county, kept the leading boardinghouse at Jackson in 1837. She was a great admirer of the Indian laws providing for the protection of married women's property, and was instrumental in urging the adoption of such a law by Mississippi.
The capitol, governor's residence, city hall, deaf and dumb institute, Federal building, state school for the blind, insane asylum and state penitentiary are the public buildings of the city. The four first named buildings show adherence to definite architectural forms, the Federal building is an adaptation of the Palladian, and the penitentiary building a mixture of the Tudor and Colonial, with the finer parts of each style ignored. The church buildings are Gothic, the Illinois Central depot Queen Anne, and the modern residences partake, in a measure, of the last-mentioned style, or are decidedly French of the suburban type.
Throughout the city brick or wooden sidewalks and macadamized streets prevail, street cars traverse the principal streets, gas or electricity lights up the thoroughfares, and the water system extends through every ward. In the residence portion the parkways, while not as wide as they should be, are well kept, but to large grounds surrounding each residence credit must be given for being faultless in the arrangement of shrubbery and lawn. It is a garden city, boasting of all the light and air of the country and all the advantages of a modern city.
At the meeting of the board of trade October 20, 1891, several topics of practical inter- est to the city were considered. Dr. Peeples, as chairman of a committee, reported some progress in the matter of securing the arrival of morning trains on the Little J and Yazoo branch roads. He called attention to what was manifestly a discrimination against Jackson in the matter of rates on cotton from Flora to Jackson and from same point to Yazoo City. Flora is nearer Jackson than Yazoo City, and yet the freight is seventy-five cents to Jackson, and only forty cents to Yazoo City. A member suggested that perhaps the Illinois Central owned or had an interest in the Yazoo City Compress. The committee was continued to press the matter of morning trains, and to interview the railroad commission, if necessary, for removal of the discrimination stated. General Henry reported that $500 in cash had been subscribed for the repair of the turnpike, and that contracts would be let on Saturday next.
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The matter of incessant switching at and near the railroad junction, the delays to vehicles and persons desiring to cross the numerous tracks, the danger to life, and the accidents occurring, was a subject of earnest and protracted conversation. Mr. Montgomery said the railroad people were anxious to provide a remedy, but it could only be done by removal of freight depots ont of town, which would result in great inconvenience to the business community. The opening of more streets from East to West Jackson, above and below the city, it was sug- gested, would solve the problem. Mr. Odeneal thought a bridge over the Capitol street cross- ing would be a great relief, that it was now very dangerous for school children to cross the track, and that wagons were provokingly delayed in coming to and going from town. Colonel Power suggested that the school population of West Jackson seemed to require a public school building in that part of the city, and that the children over there should not be sub- jected to the dangers mentioned by Mr. Odeneal. General Henry remarked that the neces- sity for a West End school was becoming very apparent. The removal of the penitentiary was the special topic of discussion. Colonel Hooker, Captain Stone, Colonel Hamilton, Dr. Peeples and Major Millsaps all spoke earnestly in that behalf, and finally it was ordered that the president of the board should, at his convenience, appoint a committee of nine to prepare a memorial to the legislature urging the early removal of the prison, which was a continual men- ace to the health, and an obstacle to the growth of the city. Dr. P. W. Peeples, chairman; W. W. Stone, J. L. Power, B. W. Griffith, Oliver Clifton, R. L. Saunders, John McDonnell, M. Green, L. F. Chiles, R. W. Millsaps, were appointed a committee to wait upon the legislature to urge the removal of the penitentiary from the city limits.
The following brief city directory of Jackson's municipal, fraternal, judicial, religious and other interests was compiled in October, 1891:
William Henry, mayor; W. R. Harper, police justice; J. B. Harris, city attorney; Jobn T. Buck, city clerk and collector; Isadore Strauss, treasurer; A. G. Lewis, chief of police; Henry Taylor, white sexton; Alex. Wilson, colored sexton.
Aldermen-North ward, B. W. Griffith, Luther Manship; South ward, H. M. Taylor, L. F. Chiles; West ward, George Lemon, James Ewing. Regular meetings of the board on Wednesday after first Tuesday each month.
Fraternal societies-Pearl Masonic lodge No. 23, first Saturday night each month; Jack- son Royal Arch chapter No. 6, fourth Monday night each month; Mississippi commandery No. 1, Knights Templar, second Monday night each month; Capitol lodge No. 11, I. O. O. F., every Thursday night; Central lodge No. 764, K. of H., first and third Tuesday nights in each month; Jackson lodge No. 163, K. and L. of H., every third Monday; Pearl lodge No. 23, Knights of Pythias, second and fourth Tuesday nights in each month; Manassah lodge No. 202, I. O. O. B., second and fourth Sundays, 10 A. M., in lodge room, Temple basement; Capitol lodge No. 11, A. O. of U. W., first and third Monday nights in each month; United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America meets every Friday night, at 7:30, in Richardson building, West Jackson; Capitol Light guards, regular meetings first Thursdays, regular drill every Monday night.
The firemen-Jackson Fire department, L. B. Moseley president, Oliver Clifton chief; Jackson No. 1, first Monday night in each month; West Jackson No. 1, second Tuesday night in each month; Gem No. 2, second Tuesday night in each month; Pearl Hook and Ladder No. 1, first Thursday night in each month; Hope No. 3, second Tuesday night in each month.
Supreme court-J. A. P. Campbell, chief justice, Third district; Thomas H. Woods, associate justice, Second district; T. E. Cooper, associate justice, Fourth district; Oliver
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Clifton, clerk. Semi-annual terms commence on third Monday of October and first Monday of April.
United States court-Circuit and chancery courts, first Monday in May and November, Henry C. Niles, judge; R. H. Winter, clerk; F. H. Collins, marshal.
Circuit court, Hinds county-First district, Jackson, first Monday in January and June (eighteen days); Second district, Raymond, fourth Monday in January and June (twelve days). J. B. Chrisman, judge; W. H. Potter, clerk; R. J. Harding, sheriff.
Chancery court, Hinds county-First district, Jackson, first Monday in March and Octo- ber (twelve days); Second district, Raymond, third Monday in February and September (twelve days). H. C. Conn, chancellor; W. W. Downing, clerk.
Hinds county supervisors-Meetings on first Monday in each month, alternately at Ray- mond and Jackson. In Raymond, January, March, May, July, September and November; Jackson, February, April, June, August, October and December. W. W. Downing, clerk, office in Raymond; Ramsey Wharton, deputy, office in Jackson.
The churches-West Jackson Methodist, B. F. Lewis, pastor; preaching 11 A. M. and 8 P. M .; Sunday school 9:30 A. M. ; J. T. H. Laird, superintendent; prayer-meeting Thursday, 8 P. M. Baptist church, H. F. Sproles, pastor; preaching 11 A. M. and 7:30 p. M .; Sunday- school 9:30 A. M .; B. W. Griffith, superintendent; prayer meeting Wednesday, 7:30 P. M. Presbyterian church, John Hunter, pastor; preaching 11 A. M. and 7:30 P. M .; Sunday- school 9 A. M. ; W. S. Lemly, superintendent; prayer-meeting Wednesday night, 7:39; West Jackson Sunday school 9 A. M., Dr. B. H. Cully, superintendent. Methodist church, Rev. W. C. Black, D. D., pastor; preaching every Sabbath at 11 A. M. and 7:30 p. M .; prayer- meeting Wednesday night at 7:30; Sabbath-school 9:30 A. M., W. L. Nugent, superintendent. St. Peter's Catholic church, Rev. Louis A. Dutto, pastor; services every Sunday; early mass 7:00 A. M. ; high mass, 10 A. M .; vespers + P. M. Episcopal (St. Andrew's) church, Sunday service 11 A. M. and 7 P. M. ; Sunday school 9:30 A. M., M. Green, superintendent. Chris- tian church, M. F. Harmon, pastor; preaching every Sunday, 10:45 A. M. and 7:15 P. M. ; Sunday school 9:30 A. M. Beth Israel congregation, no pastor at present; services every Friday night at 7:30, conducted by laymen.
The monument erected at Jackson to perpetuate the memory of those who gave their lives to the Southern cause during the Civil war was unveiled June 4, 1891, with appropriate cer- emonies in the presence of twenty thousand people. It stands in the southern portion of the capitol enclosure, on grounds donated by the legislature for the purpose, in full view of the principal street of the city.
The hight of the monument from the ground line to the soldier on top is sixty feet and four inches. It stands upon a solid concrete foundation twenty-four feet square and two feet and eight inches thick. The base of the monument at Jackson, Miss., is almost a dupli- cate in miniature of the temple at Pandrethan. The three platform stone bases are built of white limestone from the quarries at Bowling Green, Ky. Each is eight inches thick and the lower is twenty-four feet long by twenty feet wide. On the outside of these bases there is a granolithic stone pavement four feet wide, extending entirely around the monument. The die resting on these stone bases represents the wall of an old castle, and is thirteen feet high by fourteen feet wide. The walls above the receding buttresses or plinths are equally divided and cut up into seventy-four blocks. It was originally intended to have each of these blocks represent one of the seventy-four counties of the state (the number in the state at that time) with the name of the county chiseled thereon and number of soldiers it furnished the Con- federacy. This, however, for the present has been abandoned and the blocks are perfectly
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plain. On the north and south sides of the die there is an inscription ou raised marble, extending two-thirds across the monument, containing these words: "To the Confederate Dead of Mississippi." On the west and east sides are the doorways, about seven feet high and two feet and eight inches in width. They are ornamented by beautiful and heavily molded doorjams, extending to the sides and tops of the openings and resting .upon orna- mental scroll buttresses. Curving to the outside and securely fastened to the doorjams are heavy vault doors of malleable galvanized iron. The pattern of this is scroll and flower work. There are no bars. Each of the doors is provided with locks, so that the vaulted chamber containing Jefferson Davis' statue and the inscriptions, can be secured from intrusion. Each of these doorways is further ornamented and protected by an arched portico, projecting five feet from the face of the die and about ten feet high. Each of these arched canopies of the portico is supported by two highly polished red beech granite columns. Crowning the arch of these appears the monogram, C. S. A. (Confederate States of America), raised in heavy bold letters and gilded. They form the approach to the vault, immediately in the center of the monument. The vault is octagonal in shape and has a red and white marble floor, seven feet two inches in diameter. In the center is the corner, or more appropriately speaking the centerstone, which was laid with imposing Masonic ceremonies three years ago. This stone is of Italian marble, beautifully polished, and projects six inches above the floor. Resting upon this as a pedestal, is to stand the life-sized statue of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy. This piece of work was executed by one of the finest artists in Italy, and represents Mr. Davis standing with left hand extended in the attitude of delivering a speech. In his right hand he has a roll of manuscript and at his feet lays a pile of books. The sides of this chamber are wainscoted with Italian marble six feet in hight. Including the doors there are eight sides to the chamber, the doors forming two sides. On the six marble slabs there are engraved the following inscriptions in beautifully gilded letters.
Officers of the Confederate Monnment association of Mississippi, A. D., 1890: Miss Sallie B. Mor- gan, president; Mrs. Belmont Phelps Manship, vice-president; Mrs. Elenor H. Stone, treasurer; Miss Sophie D. Langley, secretary; Mrs. Virginia P. McKay, corresponding secretary.
"All lost ! but by the grave Where martyred heroes rest, He wins the most who honor saves- Success is not the test."
"It recks not where their bodies lie, By bloody hillside, plain, or river; Their names are bright on fame's proud sky; Their deeds of valor live forever."
The noble women of Mississippi, moved by grateful hearts and loving zeal, organized June 15, A. D. 1886, the Confederate Monument association; their efforts, aided by an appropriation of the state of Missis- sippi, were crowned with success in the erection of this monument to the Confederate dead of Mississippi, in the year 1891.
The men to whom this monument is dedicated were the martyrs of their creed; their justification is in the holy keeping of the God of history.
God and our consciences alone Give us measures of right and wrong. The race may fall unto the swift And the battle to the strong; But the truth will shine in history And blossom into song.
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From the top of the marble slabs springs a balled arch canopy to the highth of nine feet six inches, making an octagonal arch chamber. Among the battlements of the die arise the bases of the plinth of the spire, of which the plinth proper is the most attractive, being seven feet square and nine feet high. Four Egyptian columns on the corners support the marble entablatures, on which are cut in bold relief on the west side the eagle and coat of arms of Mississippi; on the north side a piece of artillery with Confederate flags; on the east side crossed cavalry sabers and belts; on the south side crossed Enfield rifles within a shield on which is inscribed: "Mississippi Volunteers." Above the plinth starts the spire, which is three feet and eight inches square at the bottom, tapering gradually to two feet square on the top, the shaft proper being thirty feet high. The top of the shaft is surmounted with a statue of a Confederate soldier, his feet and the butt of his gun being in the position of parade rest, his head depressed and his left arm resting on the muzzle of his gun in an easy and graceful position. The statue is six feet and ten inches high and was sculptured at the monu- ment by J. T. Whitehead, from a rough block of Italian marble. Excepting the material mentioned, the monument is built of calcareous limestone from Bedford, Ind.
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