USA > Mississippi > History of the upper Mississippi Valley, pt 1 > Part 38
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July 3d, Sioux attaek Chippeways in ravine above Stillwater.
1840. April, Rev. Lueian Galtier, of the Roman Catholie ehnreh, arrives at Mendota.
May 6th, squatters removed on military reserva- tion.
June 15th, Thomas Simpson, Arctie explorer, shoots himself near Turtle river, under aberration of the mind.
June 17th, four Chippeways kill and sealp a Sionx man and woman.
1811. March 6th, wild geese appeared nt the fort.
March 20th, Mississippi opened.
April 6th, steamboat Otter, Capt. Harris, arriv- ed. Kaboka, an old chief of Lake Calhoun band, killed by Chippeways.
May 24th, Sionx attack Chippeways at Lake Pokeguma, of Snake river. Methodist mission moved from Kaposia to Red Rock, Rev. B. F. Kavenangh, superintendent.
November Ist, Father Galtier completes the log chapel of St. Paul, which gave the name to the capital of Minnesota. Rev. Angustin Ravoux ar- rives.
1812. July, the Chippewnys attnek the Kapo- sin Sionx.
1843. Stillwater laid out. Ayer, Spencer, and Ely establish n Chippeway mission at Red lake.
July 15th, Thomas Longly, brother-in-law of Rev. S. R. Riggs, drowned at Traverse des Sionx mission station.
1844. Angust, Captain Allen with fifty dra- goons marches from Fort Des Moines through southwestern Minnesota, and on the 10th of Sep- tember reaches the Big Sionx river. Sisseton war party kill an American named Watson, driving cattle to Fort Snelling.
1845. June 25th, Captain Sumner reaches 'Traverse des Sionx, and proceeding northward arrested three of the murderers of Watson.
1846. Dr. Williamson, Sioux missionary, moves from Lae-qui-parle to Kaposia. March 31st, steamboat Lynx, Capt. Atchison, arrives at Fort Snelling.
1847. St. Croix county, Wisconsin organized, Stillwater the county seat. Harriet E. Bishop establishes a school at St. Paul. Saw mills begun at St. Anthony Falls.
Angust, Commissioner Verplanek and Henry M. Rice make treaties with the Chippeways at Fond du Lac and Leech Lake. The town of St Paul surveyed, platted, and recorded in the St. Croix county register of deeds office.
1848. Henry H. Sibley Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin territory.
May 29th, Wisconsin admitted, leaving Minne- sota ( with its present boundaries ) without a gov- erment.
August 26th, "Stillwater convention " held to take measures for a separate territorial organiza- tion.
October 30th, H. H. Sibley, elected Delegate to Congress.
1849. March, net of Congress ereating Minne- sota 'Territory.
April 9th, Highland Mary, Capt. Atchison, ar- rives at St. Paul.
April 18th, James M. Goodhue arrives at St. Paul with first newspaper press.
May 27th, Gov. Alexander Ramsey arrives at Mendota.
June 1st, Gov. Ramsey issues proclamation de- elaring the territory duly organized.
August 1st, H. H. Sibley elected Delegate to Congress from Minnesota.
September 3d, first Legislature convened.
November, First Presbyterian church, St. Panl, organized.
December, first literary nddress at Falls of St. Anthony.
1850. January 1st, Historical Society meeting. June 11th, Indian council at Fort Snelling.
June 14th, steamer Governor Ramsey makes first trip nbove Falls of St. Anthony.
June 26th, the Anthony Wayne reaches the Falls of St. Anthony.
July 18th, steamboat Anthony Wayne ascends the Minnesota to the vicinity of Traverse des Sioux.
July 25th, steamboat Yankee goes beyond Ble Earth River.
September, H. H. Sibley elected Delegate to Congress.
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HISTORY OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
October, Fredrika Bremer, Swedish novelist visits Minnesota.
November, the Dakota Friend, a mouthly paper, appeared.
December, Colonel D. A. Robertson establishes Minnesota Demoerat.
December 26th, first public Thanksgiving Day.
1851. May, St. Anthony Express, newspaper begins its career.
July, treaty couelnded with the Sioux at Tra- verse des Sioux.
July, Rev. Robert Hopkins, Sioux missionary, drowned.
August, treaty concluded with the Sioux at Mankato.
September 19th, the Minnesotian, of St. Paul, edited by J. P. Owens, appeared.
November, Jerome Fuller, Chief Justice in place of Aaron Goodrich, arrives.
December 18th, Thanksgiving Day.
1852. Hennepin connty ercated.
February 14th, Dr. Rae, Arctic explorer, arrives at St. Paul with dog train.
May 14, land slide at Stillwater.
August, James M. Goodhne, pioneer editor, dies.
November, Yuhazce, au Indian, convicted of murder.
1853. April 27th, Chippeways and Sionx fight in streets of St. Paul. Governor Willis A. Gor- man succeeds Governor Ramsey.
October, Henry M. Rice elected delegate to congress. The capitol building completed.
1854. March 3d, Presbyterian mission house near Lae-qui-parle burned.
June 8th, great exeursion from Chicago to St. Paul and St. Anthony Falls.
December 27th, Ynhazes, the Indin, hung at SI. Panl.
1855. Jannary, first bridge over Mississippi completed at Falls of St. Anthony.
October, H. M. Ricc re-elected to Congress.
December 12, James Stewart arrives in St. Paul direct from Arelie regions, with relies of Sir John Franklin.
1856. Erection of State University building was begin.
1857. Congress passes au aet authorizing peo- ple of Minnesota to vote for a constitution.
March. Inkpadootah slaughters settlers in southwest Minnesota.
Governor Samuel Medary sneceeds Governor W. A. Gorman.
March 5th. Laud-grant by congress for rail- ways.
April 27th. Special session of legislature con- veucs.
July. On second Monday convention to form a constitution assembles at Capitol.
October 13th. Election for state officers, and ratifying of the constitution.
H. H. Sibley first governor nuder the state con- stitution.
December. On first Wednesday, first state leg- islature assembles.
December. Heury M. Rice and James Shields elected United States senators.
1858, April 15th. People approve act of leg- islature loaning the public credit for five millions of dollars to certain railway companies.
May 11th. Minnesota becomes one of the United States of America.
June 2nd. Adjourned meeting of legislature held.
November. Supreme court of state orders Gov- ernor Sibley to issue railroad bonds.
December. Governor Sibley declares the bonds a failure,
1859. Normal school law passed.
June. Burbank and Company placc the first steamboat on Red River of the North.
Angust. Bishop T. L. Grace arrived in St. Panl.
1859. October 11th, state election, Alexander Ramsey choseu governor.
1860. March 23d, Anna Bilanski hung at St. Panl for the murder of her husband, the first white person exceuted in Minnesota.
August 9th, telegraph line completed to St. Panl.
1861. April 14th, Governor Ramsey calls upon president in Washington and offers a regiment of volunteers.
June 21st, First Minnesota regiment, Col. W.
A. Gorman, leaves for Washington.
July 21st, First Minnesota in battle of Bull Rm.
October 131h, Second Minnesota Infantry, Col. U. P. Van Cleve, leaves Fort Snelling.
November 16th, Third Minnesota Infantry, H. C. Lester, go to seat of war.
1862. Jannary 19th, Second Minnesota in bat- tle at Mill Spring, Kentucky.
April 6th, First Minnesota Battery, Captain Munch, at Pittsburg Landing,
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CHRONOLOGY.
April 21st, Second Minnesota Battery goes to seat of war.
April 21st, Fourth Minnesota Infantry Volim- teers, Col. J. B. Sanborn, leaves Fort Snelling.
May 13th, Fifth Regiment Volunteers, Col. Bor- gensrode, leaves for the seat of war.
May 28th, Second, Fourth, and Fifth in battle near Corinth, Mississippi.
May 31st, First Minnesota in battle at Fair Oaks, Virginia.
June 29th, First Minnesota in battle at Savage Station.
June 30th, First Minnesota in battle near Wil- lis' Church.
July 1st, First Minnesota in battle at Malvern Hill,
August, Sixth Regiment, Col. Crooks, organized. August, Seventh Regiment, Col. Miller, organ- ized.
Angust, Eighth Regiment, Col. Thomas, organ- Ized.
Angust, Ninth Regiment, Col. Wilkin, organ- ized.
Angust 18th, Sioux attack whites at lower Sioux Agency.
September 23d, Col. Sibley defeats Sionx at Mud Lake.
December 26th, Thirty-eight Sioux executed ou the same seatfold at Mankato.
1863. Jannary, Alexander Ramsey elected United States Senator.
May 14th, Fourth and Fifth Regiment in battle near Jackson, Mississippi.
July 2d, First Minnesota Infantry in battle at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
September 19th, Second Minnesota Infantry en- gaged at Chickamauga, Tennessee.
November 23d, Second Minnesota Infantry en- guged at Mission Ridge.
1864. January, Col. Stephen Miller inangur- ated Governor of Minnesota.
March 30th, Third Minnesota Infantry engaged at Fitzlingh's Woods.
June 6th, Fifth Minnesota Infantry engaged at Lake Chicot, Arkansas.
July 13th, Seventh, Ninth, and Tenth, with por- tion of the Fifth Minnesota Infantry, engaged at Tupelo, Mississippi.
July 14th, Col. Alex. Wilkin, of the Ninth, killed.
October 15th, Fourth Regiment engaged near Altoona, Georgia.
December 7th, Eighth Regiment engaged ncar Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
Fifth, Seventh, Ninth, and Tenth Regiments, at Nashville, Tennessee.
1865. Jannary 10th, Daniel S. Norton, elected United States S nator.
April 9th, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Ninth, und Tenth at the siege of Mobile.
November 10th, Shakpedan, Sionx chief, and Medicine Bottle exceuted at Fort Snelling.
1866. January 8th, Col. William R. Marshall inaugurated Governor of Minnesota.
1867. Preparatory department of the State University opened.
1868. Jannary, Governor Marshall enters upon second term.
Jannary 1st, Minnesota State Reform School opened for inmates.
1869. Bill passed by legislature, removing seat of Government to a spot near Big Kandiyohi Lake --- vetoed by Governor Marshall.
1870. January 7th, Horace Anstin inangurated as Governor.
1871. Jannary, Wm. Windom clected United States Senator. In the fall destructive fires oc-' casioned by high winds, swept over frontier coun- ties.
1872. Jannary, Governor Anstin enters upon a second term.
1873. January 7th, 8th, and 9th, polar wave sweeps over the State, seventy persons perishing.
May 22d, the senate of Minnesota convicts State treasurer of corruption in office.
September, grasshopper raid began, and contin- ned five seasons. Juy Cooke failure occasions a financial panie.
1874. January 9th, Cushman K. Davis inaug- urat d Governor. William S. King elected to con- griss.
1875. February 19th, S. J. R. MeMillan elected United States senator.
November, amendment to state constitution, al- lowing any woman twenty-ono years of age to vote for school officers, and to be eligible for school offices. Rocky mountain locusts destroy crops in southwestern Minnesota.
1876. January 7th, John S. Pillsbury inang- urated Governor.
Jannary 12th, State Forestry association organ- ized.
September 6th, ontlaws from Missouri kill the enshier of the Northtield Bank.
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HISTORY OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
1879. November, state constitution amended forbidding publie moneys to be used for the sup- port of schools wherein the distinctive creeds or tracts of any particular Christian or other religious soet are taught. J. H. Stewart, M. D., elected to congress. Biennial sessions of the legislature adopted.
1878. Jannary, Governor Pillsbury enters npon a second term.
May 2nd, explosion in the Washburn and other flour mills at Minneapolis. On : hundred and fifty thousand dollars appropriated to purchase seed grain for destitute settlers.
1880. November 15th, a portion of the Insane Asylum at St. Peter was destroyed by fire and twenty-seven inmates lost their lives.
1881. March Ist, Capitol at St. Paul destroyed by fire.
ANOKA COUNTY.
CHAPTER XLVII.
DESCRIPTIVE-LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS-MANOMIN --- ORGANIZATION - ELECTION PRECINCTS -- RAIL- ROADS-AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY-SCHOOLS.
Anoka county is located in the eastern part of the state, about midway between the northern and southern boundary lines. It is bounded on the north by Isanti county, east by Chisago and Wash- ington counties, south by Ramsey and Hennepin counties, and west by Hennepin and Sherburne counties.
The extreme length of the county from north to south is twenty-six miles, while its breadth varies from less than three, to twenty-four miles.
It has an area of 440 square miles or 281,600 aeres, of which about 25,000 are under cultivation.
.
The surface of the county is generally undulat- ing, taking the declination of the watershed of all this part of the Northwest, and gently declining to the south and west. The descent is gentle, how- ever, not exceeding three feet to the mile. The county may be generally described as rolling prai- ries, interspersed with fre quent groves of oak open- ings and brush, dotted with numerous small lakes. It is mainly drained by the Mississippi river, which bounds it on the southwest, the Rinn river, which winds its way nearly direct from the north line of the county, south, and Coon ervek, which rises in the tamarack swamps in the southeastern part, flows west and empties into the Mississippi, about
six or seven miles below Anoka. The water in the lakes and streams is clear, and abonnds with fish.
The prairies are very fertile, while the soil in the oak openings, when first cleared, was sterile, but being cultivated, becomes more genial, and quite productive. The chief products are wheat, oats, corn, rye, barley, and potatoes. Frnits are being cultivated with marked success.
The history of the carly settlement and subse- quent development of the various localities in the county are fully noted in the chapters following this article.
LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS-One of the first acts of the Territorial Legislature, which convened in 1849, was the organization of the counties of Wash- ington, Ramsey, and Benton. The Rum river was the dividing line between the two latter counties, and hence, the territory now embraced in Anoka county formed a part of both.
In 1856, Sherburne county was detached from Benton, and that portion of territory lying east of Sherburne county and west of Rum river was also detached, and became a part of Ramsey county.
By an act of the Legislative Assembly, passed on the 23d of May, 1857, so much of Ramsey county as is embraerd within the following deserib- cd limits, was organized into a separate county, and called Anoka :
" Beginning at the southeast corner of section ' " thirty-six, township thirty-one, range twenty-two "west; thence west on the township line between
223
ANOKA COUNTY.
"townships thirty and thirty-one, to the middle of " the Mississippi river; thence up said river to the "township line between ranges twenty-five and "twenty-six; thence north along the boundary "line between the counties of Ramsey and Sher- »burne to the south boundary line of the county "of Isanti; thence cast along the boundary line " between the counties of Isanti and Ramsay, to " the boundary line between the counties of Chi- " sago and Ramsey; and thence south along the " boundary line between the counties of Ramsey, "Chisago, and Washington, to the place of begin- "ning." The seat of justice of said county to be at the town of Anoka.
On the same day an act was passed creating Manomin county. It was also set off from Ram- sey county, and was situated on the Mississippi river, adjoining Anoka county on the south. It has sinee become one of the townships of Anoka county, and is named Fridley.
ORGANIZATION .-- In accordance with the organic net, the Governor appointed E. H. Davis, J. P. Austin, and Silas O. Lum as County Commission- ers, to hold their offices until the next election.
These commissioners met at Anoka on the 30th of June, 1857, and appointed the following county officers : Sheriff, James C. Frost ; Treasurer, James M. McGlauflin; and Coroner, Joseph C. Varney.
At another meeting, held on the 6th of July, 1857, Daniel Robbins was appointed Assessor for district number one; Francis Peteler, for district miumber two; and S. L. Guice, for district number three. The county, at that time, contained but three election precints, St. Francis, Columbus, and Anoka, which were numbered as above. These precincts embraced eight townships -- Anoka, Watertown, Round Lake, Bethel, Columbus, St. Francis, Oak Grove, and Centreville. The name of Watertown was soon after changed to Dover, and is now known as Ramsey, and the name of -Round Lake was changed to Grow. The boun- dary lines of most of these towns have been changed at different times, and four new towns organized. An addition to the county has also been made, by annexing Manomin county, now Fridley township, as before stated, making in all thirteen townships.
Anoka county, in view of her nearness to large cities, general advantages in location, excellent railroad facilities, rich soil, and many liberal en- dowments of nature, together with her splendid
manufacturing advantages, predicates the promi- nent position she must assume, at no distant day, in the rank of foremost counties in the State of Minnesota.
The present county officers are: Auditor, Geo. Geddes; Treasurer, C. S. Guderian ; Register of Deeds, Ard A. Hilton; Judge of Probate, O. L. Cutter; Clerk of the Court, G. W. Church; Sher- iff, J. C. Frost; Attorney, D. L. Bugbee; Coroner, W. D. Randolph; Court Commissioner, Hiram Thornton; Superintendent of Schools, George D. Goodrich; and Surveyor, P. F. Pratt.
ANOKA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
In the summer of 1861, an Agricultural Society was formed in Anoka. Among the most active in its formation were A. P. Lane, James Mc- Cann, George Smiley, G. A. Jenks, J. F. and H. F. Blodgett, Sylvanus Stoekwell, and Jared Ben- son. Jared Benson was president, and H. F. Blodgett, secretary. Its first and only fair was held in Anoka, on the 2d and 3d of October of that year. A temporary building was erected near the present site of the Congregational Church. It was well filled by the farmers, merchants, and ladies of the town and surrounding country, with the prodnets of the soil, the dairy, and articles of merchandise. The exhibition was certainly a very creditable one for that early day, and was pro- nonneed a great success by every one. On the last day a bountiful farmers' dinner was provided free for all. The war prevented any further mect- ings for a number of years.
The present society was organized on the fifth of April, 1873. The first officers were: President, Jared Benson; Vice-President, E. T. Alling, and Sceretary and Treasurer, Hiram Thornton. A committee of three was appointed in each town, to look after the interests of the society in their re- spective localities. The membership fee was fixed at fifty eents. Owing to the lack of funds to fit up the grounds properly, the first fair was held at the Town Hall.
In 1874 the membership fee was raised to one dollar, and the third year the fair was held at McCann's driving park, just northwest of the city, and the grounds subsequently leased for a term of five years. At the expiration of the lease the society purchased the grounds now occupied, con- taining seventeen aeres, and lying almost wholly within the city limits.
In the spring of 1880, one hundred life member-
224
HISTORY OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY.
ships were issued at five dollars each, and in the summer of 1881, fifty more were issued at the same rate, the proceeds being used in fitting up the grounds.
The last, or eigth ammual fair, held in Septem- ber, 1880), was a grand success, and gave a fair exhibit of the stock and products of the county.
SCHOOLS .- The first settlers of Anoka comity, though not strictly puritanical, yet, amid the pri- vations common to pioneer life, were careful to promote education, social culture, and refinement.
Among the first buildings erected in most of the new settlements were elmurches and school- honses, and this natural puritanie mode of thought continues to excel, and fully accounts for the rapid progress made in the public school system of the connty.
The first school hr the county was held in what is now the city of Anoka, au account of which is given in the history of the city, to which the reader is referred. There are now forty-seven organized school districts, and forty-two school- honses; thirty-eight are frame, one is briek, and two are Imilt of logs. The number of pupils, ae- cording to the last enrollment, was 1,862.
RAILROADS .- The first railroad opened for traffic ih the state of Minnesota was the St. Paul & Paeitie, in June, 1862. This road was only ten miles in length, extending from St. Paul to St. Authouy, and having its depot at the foot of Ceu- tral Avenue. The branch line was completed to Auoka in Ja unry, 1864, and on through the eonntry to Sauk Rapids in the fall of 1867. This road enters the county in the sonthern extremity of Fridley township, and passes through Anoka and Ramsey townships on n curved line, nearly parallel with the Mississippi River. There is a flag station in Fridley, und regular stations at Anoka and Itasea.
In 1879 the name of this road was changed to the St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway Company, and a new organization (fccted with George Stephen, President; R. B. Angus, Vice- President, and J. J. Hill, General Manager.
The Northern Pacitic Railroad Company, chart- ered July 2, 1864, and reorganized September 29, 1875, has no road through this county, but run their trains over the line above named, and do a regular business in connection with their main line, by virtue of a lease for a term of yemrs.
CITY OF ANOKA.
CHAPTER XLVIII.
LOCATION-FIRST SETTLERS -- EARLY IMPROVEMENTS -- CITY CHARTERS-MANUFACTURES -- CHURCHES -- SOCIETIES -- SCHOOLS - NEWSPAPERS - FIRE DE- PARTMENT-BIOGRAPHICAL.
There was probably no class of pioneers who were more capable of seleeting favorable locations for future eities and villages, than the people known in an early day as " French traders." They had also, n peenliar characteristic of planting trading posts in proper localities to secure an abun- danee of trade from the aborigines of the country. The present site of Anoka was near the neutral grounds of the Dahkotas and Chippewas, and while the trade of both could be secured, yet, neither would be likely to oeenpy the vicinity for any great length of time, hence the security against robbery and pillage was greater liere than at most other points.
Anoka, the county seat of Anoka county, is it- nated on the Mississippi river, and lies on both sides of Rinn river which forms a junction with the Mississippi at this point. The location is partien- larly attractive for a city, the land being high and dry, and affording excellent drainage. The river, in its passage through the city, is about two hun- dred feet wide, and has a fall of abont tifteen feet, thus affording excellent water-power for manufac- turing purposes.
In the Indian tongue, the word " Anoka," on the authority of the Dahkota Lexicon, published by the Smithsonian Institution, in our language means, " on both sides," or, "from both sides." The name therefore, s: leeted by the pioneers, is appropriate, as it lies on " both sides" of Rum river.
EARLY SETTLEMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS .-- The first building erceted in the vicinity of the present city limits was ou a point of land near the month of Rum river.
This was by two brothers, Peter and Francis Patoille, who started a trading post here in 1846. This post was subsequently occupied by Anthony Robert, a man unmed Folsom, Holmes and others.
While these may be called the pioneer settlers, it was not until 1851, that any permanent improve- ment was made.
On the 8th of July, 1851, Antoine Gnion enter- ed the north halt, and the southeast quarter of
-
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CITY OF ANOKA.
the southwest quarter, and lot six of section one, town thirty-one, range twenty-five west, contain- ing nenrly one hundred and sixty acres, which is now in the first ward of the city. On the follow- ing day it was purchased by Henry M. Rice with the intention of laying the foundation of a new town. He arranged with a younger brother, Orrin Rice, to oceupy the site, who immediately com- menced improvement, by breaking twenty-five aeres. On the 25th of January, 1853, at the sng- gestion of Orrin, H. M. Rice sold the land to Samuel W. Shaw, who laid out what was then called North Anoka.
In the fall of 1851, George W. Branch built a house near what is now the corner of Main and Ferry Streets.
The first store was opened by Ed. Shaw in 1853, in a building now occupied by Benjamin Haley, as a paint shop. The second house in the new town was erected by Orrin Rice, on the corner of Ferry and Tremont Streets. The second store was opened by Herman L. Tieknor, on the east side of the river, where R. M. Taylor's store is now situated. He did business there abont three years, and then removed to his present location in the same block, and soon after E. H. Davis opened a hardware store adjoining.
The first dwelling house on the east side of Rum river was built by Wareham G. Randolph, in June, 1853. In the fall of that year, Caleb and W. H. Woodbury began making improvements, and during that winter the dam and first saw-mill were erected. In the summer of 1853, a bridge was built across the river, by the government. Orrin Rice was the contractor, and L. W. Stratton, now of Excelsior, had charge of the work. This bridge was curried awuy by the water, in 1857, and n ferry was substituted for the accommoda- tion of the traveling publie, until the winter of 1859-60, when the river was again spanned by a bridge, which is still in use.
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